CHAPTER

II:
UNPACKI
NG THE
SELF
Lesson 1.
The Physical and Sexual Self

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LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
4. characterize the diversity of sexual behavior;
1. discuss the developmental aspect of the
reproductive system;
5. describe sexually transmitted diseases; and
2. describe the erogenous zones;

6. differentiate natural and artificial methods of

3. explain human sexual behavior; contraception.

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SEX CHROMOSOMES

Chromosome XX Chromosome XY Type

Female Homogametic

Male Heterogametic

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 SECONDARY SEX
CHARACTERISTICS
ARE FEATURES THAT
APPEAR DURING
PUBERTY IN
HUMANS.

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Secondary sexual character
is tics
Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics

growth of body hair growth of body hair

enlargement of larynx enlargement of breasts

broadening of shoulders smaller waist; wider hips

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ELAINE NICPON MARIE
B
× In 2001, she explained that the gonads (reproductive glands that
produce the gametes; testis or ovary) begin to form until about the
eighth week of embryonic development.

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STAGES
Zygote Embryo Fetus Infant

Adolescent Preadolescent Child Toddler

Young adult Middle adult Old adult

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STAGES OF HUMAN GR
OWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

embryo fetus
zygote

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 yonic development (initiAL
STAGES)

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ANY INTERVENTION
WITH THE NORMAL
PATTERN OF SEX
HORMONE
PRODUCTION IN THE
EMBRYO RESULTS IN
STRANGE
ABNORMALITIES.

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STRANGE ABNORMALIT
GENETIC MALE
A genetic male develops the
female accessory structures
and external genetalia if the
embryonic testes fail to
produce testosterone.
IES
GENETIC FEMALE
If a genetic female is exposed to
testosterone (as in the case of the mother
with androgen-producing tumor of the
adrenal gland), the embryo has ovaries but
may develop male accessory ducts and
glands, as well as a male reproductive organ
and an empty scrotum.
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pseudohermaphroditism
× Pseudohermaphroditism is an old clinical term
for an organism that is born with primary sex
characteristics of one sex but develops the
secondary sex characteristics that are different
from what would be expected on the basis of the
gonadal tissue (ovary or testis).

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HERMAPHRODITISM
HERMAPHRODITE

× A hermaphrodite is a person (or plant or animal) that has both male

and female sexual organs.

× Hermaphrodites are rare. This happens to a small number of people

who have the reproductive organs of both men and women.

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15
MALE
REPRODU
CTIVE
SYSTEM
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FEMALE
REPRODUCTI
VE
SYSTEM
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cryptorchidism
× a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from
the abdomen into the scrotum

× This condition usually occurs in young males and causes sterility

(which is also a risk factor for cancer of the testes) that is why
surgery is usually performed during childhood to solve this problem.

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PHIMOSIS
× due to a narrowing of the foreskin of the
male reproductive structure and misplaced
urethral openings

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PUBERTY
Puberty is the period of life, generally between the ages of 10 and 15
years old, when the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and
become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal
hormones (testosterones in males and estrogens in females).

After this time, reproductive capability continues until old age in males
and menopause in females.

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MENARCHE
× Menarche is the first menstrual period of females which happens
two years after the start of puberty

MEN +ARCHĒ
NEW (LATIN) BEGINNING
(GREEK)

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DISEASES
ASSOCIATED
WITH THE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

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INFECTIONS

Infections are the most common problems

associated with the reproductive system in adults.

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VAGINAL INFECTIONS
The usual infections include:

× those caused by Escherichia coli which spread through the digestive tract
× the sexually transmitted microorganisms such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes
virus; and yeast (a type of fungus)

Vaginal infections that are left untreated may spread throughout the female reproductive
tract and may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility.

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Sexual DISEASES
In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are:

× Prostatitis
× Urethritis
× Epididymitis

All of which may follow sexual contacts in which sexually transmitted disease (STD)
microorganisms are transmitted.

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Sexual Diseases
× ORCHIDITIS or inflammation of the testes.

× Neoplasms are a major threat to reproductive organs.

× Tumors of the breast and cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in
adult females.

× Prostate cancer (a common sequel to prostatic hypertrophy) is a widespread

problem in adult males.

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MENOPAUSAL STAGE
× Menopause – occurs when females no longer experience menstruation

× The production of estrogen may still continue after menopause but the ovaries will
finally stop functioning as endocrine organs.

× Consequences of estrogen deficiency may also be observed including:

× irritability and other mood changes; intense vasodilation; gradual thinning of the
skin; loss of bone mass; slowly rising blood cholesterol levels

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EROGENOUS ZONE
It refers to the parts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual
arousal when touched in a sexual manner.

Some of the commonly known erogenous zones:

mouth, breasts, genitals, anus

Other common areas of the body that can be aroused easily:

Neck, thighs, abdomen, feet

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HUMAN SEXUAL BEHA
V IOR
× Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity
—solitary, between two persons, or in a group—
that induces sexual arousal (Gebhard, P.H. 2017).

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TYPES OF BEHAVIOR

Sociosexual
Solitary Behavior
Behavior

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COITUS
× Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive structure into
the female reproductive organ. Is viewed by society quite
differently depending upon the marital status of the
individuals. Majority of human societies allow premarital
coitus, at least under certain circumstances.

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PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMA
N SEXUAL
RESPONSE

Excitement Plateau Sexual Resolution

Phase Phase Climax Phase

Sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when

sexual activity is continued.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM FAC
TORS
The entire nervous system plays a significant role during sexual response. The
autonomic system is involved in controlling the involuntary responses.

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are the parts of the brain believed to be
responsible for regulating the sexual response, but there is no specialized “sex
center” that has been located in the human brain.

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 SEXUAL PROBLEMS
may be classified as
Physiological,
psychological, and social
IN origin.

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SEXUAL PROBLEMS
× Physiological Problems
× Psychological Problems
× Premature emission of semen
× Ejaculatory Impotence
× Vaginismus

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 Std

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Sexually transmitted diseas
e s
1. Chlamydia
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphilis
4. Chancroid
5. Human Papillomavirus
6. Herpes Simplex Virus
7. Trichomonas Vaginalis

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Human papillomavirus
× ×

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 Chlamydia
×

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Gonorrhea

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Syphillis

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Chancroid

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Herpes simples virus
×

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Trichomonas vaginalis

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Safe sex always!!
× Sex is awesome when
it’s safe

× Don’t be like this man

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 use
contraceptives

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CONTRACEP
TION
Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception

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NATURAL METHODS
× Abstinence
× Calendar Method
× Basal Body Temperature
× Cervical Mucus Method
× Symptothermal Method
× Ovulation Detection
× Coitus Interruptus

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ARTIFICIAL METHODS
× Oral Contraceptives
× Transdermal Patch
× Vaginal Ring
× Subdermal Implants
× Hormonal Injections
× Intrauterine Device (IUD)
× Chemical Barriers

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ARTIFICIAL METHODS
× Diaphragm
× Cervical Cap
× Male Condoms
× Female Condoms
× Surgical Methods

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THAN
KS!
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