

‫א‬‫א‬
173
  173  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬? ??‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  173  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،K? ‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬?‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
            
           
           

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

1
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
K‫א‬‫א‬ .3
 
 ٪100‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .1
  .2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E111F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

-1-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  1.1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (I.S.O.)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.1

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 DRAWING SHEETS‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 A‫א‬ (DIN6771) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KA4 A3 ،A2 ،A1،A0
A5 ‫א‬(1.1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬ A6 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1:1000_1:500_1:200_1:100_1:50_1:20_1:10_1:5_1:2.5‫א‬
 K‫א‬10:1_5:1_2:1‫א‬
 

-2-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
(mm) ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫رﻣﺰ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ‬ ‫م‬
1189x841 A0ِ 1
841x594 A1 2
594x420 A2 3
420x297 A3 4
297x210 A4 5  
 
(1.1) 

TRIANGLES ‫ א‬ J
 60‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 300mm200mm‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(2.1)‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 
(2.1) 
 COMPASS‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(3.1)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMERY)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(FREE FORM SURCACES)
-3-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
  (3.1) 
 
 TEMPLATESE‫א‬F‫ א‬ J
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬(4.1) ‫א‬K(CIRCLETEMPLATE)‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 
  (4.1) 

-4-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 PENCILS‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(PENCILS)
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 (WOODPENCILS)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5.1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(SHARPENING)
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ (MECHANICAL PENCILS)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
EF‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 6.1‫א‬
 

 
   
(6.1)   (5.1)

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(H_Hardness)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(B)‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 KB7K‫א‬
-5-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 RUBBER/ERASERS‫ א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(7.1)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 
(7.1)
 

 PROTRACTOR‫ א‬ J

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K(8.1)‫א‬

 
(8.1) 

-6-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 DRAWING BOARD AND T-SQUARE(T)‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A3
 ‫א‬‫א‬L  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T ‫א‬‫א‬(9.1)‫א‬‫א‬KA4‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

   
 
(9.1) 

 BILL of MATERIAL‫א‬  J

DIN ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ .6771
‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE)‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬10.1
 KDIN 6771‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
-7-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
(10.1) 

 LINES TYPES‫א‬‫א‬3.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(WIREFRAME MODELING)‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K(11.1)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 

-8-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

DIMENSIONING‫א‬4.1
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(ISO 1101)(ANSIY14.5M_94) ‫( و‬ASME Y14.5.1) I.S.O‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 (ASME Y14.41-2003)
 K‫א‬‫א‬

  K
(11.1) 

-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

2
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
(Orthogonal ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
Projectional Views)
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
 
 ٪100‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 12W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .1
  .2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E111F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 10 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬1.2

(DIN5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(2.2)‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1.2)‫א‬
 K‫א‬

  
 
(2.2)  (1.2) 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬2.2
‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(4.2)(3.2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬(4.2)‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬ ‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

‫א‬‫ƒ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬ ‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 

 (3.2)  


 (4.2) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬

 ‫א‬3.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(5.2)‫א‬

 (5.2) 
 

 SECTIONING‫א‬4.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 W(6.2)‫א‬‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬  J
.‫א‬‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
.  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  J
.‫א‬

( ‫)أ‬

 
 

(‫)ب‬

 

- 14 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

(‫)ت‬

 
 


(‫)ث‬


(‫)ج‬  

 
 
 

- 15 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

(‫)خ‬

 
 

 
(‫)د‬

 
(6.2) 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K 
‫א‬ (7.2) ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 16 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

   

  (7.2) ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (8.2) ‫א‬

 

 
(8.2) 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9.2 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬545‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ
 .(10.2)‫א‬560530‫א‬‫א‬545

- 17 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
(10.2) 

 
(9.2) 

 

 

- 18 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K1
 10.2‫א‬

 
 
 
 (10.2) 

- 19 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬.2
 11.2

 

 
(11.2) 

- 20 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.3
(12.2)

   

- 21 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

(12.2) 

- 22 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 (13.2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

   

- 23 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  

 
(13.2) 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬     A-A ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫ א‬.5
 .(14.2)‫א‬
 

   
 

 

- 24 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 


 
 
 
 
- 25 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
(14.2) 

- 26 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1:2‫א‬.6

K1:2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.7

 

- 27 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
‫א‬ .3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 
 ٪100‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .1
  .2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E111F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 27 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 FASTENERS‫א‬ 1.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 BOLTED JOINTS‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
 
.((1.3)‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.M20x2.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.(2.5) ‫א‬ (M20) 
 

 
  
(1.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
.(2.3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
    ‫א‬  ،     (2d) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
،(0.7 x d) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
(r = 1.5 x d)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ K‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K(r = 1.25 x d)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(2.3)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 (NUTS)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬(3.3)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (0.8 d )‫א‬

K(r = s )
‫א‬   K       (3.3) ‫א‬  
  .(3.3) ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

  :(3.3)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬(4.3) ‫א‬
 

 :(4.3)

 

 THREADED FASTENERE‫א‬F‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ،E‫א‬
 (WASHERS)‫א‬‫א‬ K
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :(THREAD)‫א‬ •
K
‫א‬‫א‬ : (MAJOR DIAMETER)‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ :(MINOR DIAMETER) ‫א‬‫• א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬:(PITCH)‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :(PITCH DIMETER)‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬:(CREST)‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬:(ROOT)‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬:(DEPTH)‫א‬ •
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬:(LEAD) ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :(RIGHT-HAND THREAD)‫א‬‫א‬ •
K(LEFT-HAND THREAD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(SINGLE THREAD)‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(5.3)‫א‬
 

 

(5.3)
       :(MULTIPLE THREAD)  ‫א‬  ‫• א‬
K‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K  (6.3)

 
(6.3) 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W(ISO METRIC THREAD)‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.(7.3)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (7.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 (UNIFIED THREAD) ‫א‬‫א‬ o

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(8.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
(8.3) 

 (SQUARE THREAD)‫א‬‫ א‬o

 (9.3)‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
(9.3) 

 (TRAPEZOIDAL THREAD) ‫א‬‫ א‬o

.(10.3)‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  
(10.3) 

 (BUTTRESS THREAD) ‫א‬‫א‬ o

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.(11.3)‫א‬
 

 
(11.3) 

SPRINGS‫א‬‫א‬2.3
 (ELASTIC ENERGY)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،_
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

.(12. 3F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺿﻌﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮي‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :(12.3) 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

SPRINGS COMPRESSION‫א‬‫א‬ K

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬

 SPRING EXTENSION‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(13. 3)‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

‫א‬‫א‬ :(13.3) 

  

SPRINGS‫א‬‫א‬1.2.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(14.3)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  



  
 
‫א‬‫א‬ :(14.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫( א‬15.3)‫א‬.E§1.2.3  F‫א‬

 



 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ :(15.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

BEARINGS‫א‬3.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (16.3) ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 :(16.3) 

 BEARINGS CLASSES‫א‬‫א‬1.3.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W(17.3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 

 
 (17.3) 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(18.3) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K(19.3)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬EF
 

 (19.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

    

 
(18.3) 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E20.3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1
E21.3F‫א‬‫א‬ (2
E22.3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ (3
 


(20.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

(21.3) 

(22.3)
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 :(23.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  

‫א‬  :(24.3) 

‫א‬‫א‬  :(25.3) 

 GEARS‫א‬ 4.3
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬‫א‬
 K(SLIPPING)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 NOMENCLTURE‫א‬‫א‬1.4.3
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 W

SPUR GEARS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬
   (GEAR) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (PINION) ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  .26.3‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

   
 
‫א‬‫א‬:(26.3) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 HELICAL GEARS
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K27.3‫א‬(INVOLUTE HELICOID)
K ‫א‬L ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

   

‫א‬‫א‬ :(27.3) 

 INVOLUTE PINION AND RACK‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K90‫א‬
K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ .(WORM GEARING)

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  28.3 ‫א‬  .‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 

   

 :(28.3) 

 

BEVEL GEARS‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬(CAST)‫א‬(MILLED)‫א‬‫א‬
(GENERATED)
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬29.3

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  
W(29.3)

 ‫א‬‫א‬2.4.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(30.3) ‫א‬

 

(30.3) 
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(PITCH CIRCLE_r)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(CIRCULAR PITCH_p)‫ƒ א‬
(TOOL THICKNESS_t)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(WIDTH OF SPACE)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

K(Z)‫א‬ (d)‫א‬‫א‬W(MODULE_m)‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(ADDENDUM_a)‫א‬ ƒ
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W(DEDUNDUM_b) ‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ (ht)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(DEDUNDUM IRCLE) ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W (ADDENDUM CIRCLE)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(CLEARANCE CIRCLE)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(CLEARANCE_c)‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬W(BASE CIRCLE_rb)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬W(PRESSURE LINE_Φ)
 ‫א‬ ƒ

K(20=Φ)‫א‬

 :‫א‬‫א‬

d π.d  
m= p= = π.m
Z Z
ω1 r Z
= 2 = 2 rb = r.cosΦ
ω2 r1 Z1

p c = b−a
t=
2  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1.3)W

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (Φ=20, Φ=25)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K2.3

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 a=m a
b=1.25m b
2.25m  E‫א‬‫א‬Fht
m/2 t
0.25m E‫א‬‫א‬F c
Npinion=18 for ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Φ=20
(Npinion)‫א‬
Npinion=12 for
 Φ=25
 Npinion + Ngear = 36  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
for Φ=20  

Npinion + Ngear = 24

for Φ=25

  (Φ=20, Φ=25)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬: (2.3) 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬32.331.3‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ƒ
COMPUTER AIDED  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
ENGINEERING

 

 ‫א‬: (31.3) 

 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬: (32.3) 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
OA0, OA1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1
OA2, etc
A1B1, A2B2 , A3B3etc. ‫א‬‫א‬A1 ‫ א‬.2
   A2B2   A1A0  ‫א‬   A1B1   A1A0   ‫א‬  .3
KKK‫א‬A3B3A1A0 ‫א‬
‫א‬ B4  B1 ‫א‬‫ א‬.4

W‫א‬
 K(1800rev.mn-1/1200rev.mn-1) ‫א‬ 
ω1 r2
  ω = r = 1.5 .1
150‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬100
2 1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(m=12mm)(Z=30) (Z=18) ،  .2
K‫א‬ 3:2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

d1 = mZ1 = 12(18) = 216mm

  d 2 = mZ 2 = 12(30) = 360mm

((d1+d2)/2)=288‫א‬ .3
‫א‬KO2O1‫א‬ d2 ‫ و‬d1‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4
(PICH POINT)‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬(DRIVER) ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺧ ﻂ اﻟﻤﻤ ﺎس اﻷﻓﻘ ﻲ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﺴﺘﻮى‬.Φ=20‫א‬cd ‫א‬
P‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
O2 ‫ و‬O1 ‫ﻣﺮآﺰهﻤﺎ‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ .7

- 52 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
 ‫؟‬‫א‬

 
M20x3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2

- 53 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 3

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬.4
P =2.6 mm ‫ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬D=7.5mm ‫ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬Lo=12.5mm ‫اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﺤﺮ‬
d =1mm ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ‬

 W‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 ƒ

- 54 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.5
1:1

 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.6
‫ ؟‬5mm‫א‬‫א‬3mm‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 

- 55 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.7

 (ω1=1150 rev/mn)‫א‬،(m=3.5mm) (Z1=21) 
 (ω2 =690 rev/mn)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.8

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.9

 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬.10
 ‫؟‬m=5mmФ=20‫א‬ Z= 24

- 56 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

4
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
 
 ٪100‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .1
  .2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E111F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 1.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(SHAPE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
(GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GEOMETRY)
(G.D&T:GEOMETRIC ‫وﻳﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد واﻟﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺎت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCING)

 ‫א‬2.4

 1.2.4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EXTENSION LINESE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
(1/3)‫א‬‫א‬1.4‫א‬K
 ‫א‬   (2H)   
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ (1‫ـ‬2mm)
 K(2mm)

  

 ‫א‬ :(1.4)  

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 DIMENSION LINE‫א‬ ƒ
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬ E±F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.(2H)‫א‬
.2.4‫א‬

  

  

(2.4) 
 LEADER‫ƒ א‬
 ‫א‬/‫א‬        ‫א‬      
 K(3.4 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(3.4)  
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ARROWHEADS‫ƒ א‬
K.    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4.4 ‫א‬  K  ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K

 
(4.4)  

 ‫א‬2.2.4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 K5.4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(5.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(6.4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

  
(6.4)  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 (7.4)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 
(7.4)  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
E8.4F

(8.4)  

 K(9.4)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

(9.4) 

 K‫א‬
 
(10.4)DIMENSIONING OF PRISMS ‫א‬ ƒ

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

   

(10.4)

(11.4)SYMMETRICAL OBJECT ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 
(11.4) 

 (12.4) LOCATION DIMENSIONING‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
(12.4)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K13.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬

 
(13.4) 

 (Holes EQ.SP.Ø5) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

14.4‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 (14.4)

 ANGLE DIMENSIONING‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
.EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 (DEGREE, RADIAN, GRAD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 15.4‫א‬

  
(15.4)  

L _LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .16.4‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫_א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 


()

 K
()

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  

  
()
 ‫א‬‫)ت( א‬،L (‫)ب‬،L (‫ )أ‬:(16.4) 

 SECTION DIMENSIONING ‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬، K‫א‬ 
 K17.4‫א‬

 
(17.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 OTHERS FEATURES ƒ
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   :(CHAMFER) ‫ א‬9
)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .(18.4

  
(18.4) 
  (19.4)‫א‬ :(NECK)‫ א‬9

 
(19.4) 
‫א‬ :(TAPER)‫א‬‫א‬ 9
.‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ 20.4‫א‬

 
()

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
()
‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬:(20.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .1

KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 
 

 

- 70 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  .2

 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

  

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  .3

KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

  
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

     

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4
‫؟‬‫א‬



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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
- 73 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES‫א‬‫א‬3.4
   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  .(REPRODUCIBILITY)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
DIMENSIONAL AND GEOMETRIC ‫א‬(±)‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
TOLERANCES/DEVIATIONS)
(SURFACE ROUGHNESS)‫א‬ ƒ
(MECHANICAL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
PROPERTIES)

‫א‬       ‫א‬ (‫)א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،.‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (TOLERANCE RANGE) ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W (21.4‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ UNILATERAL‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   BILATERAL ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ
K ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    LIMIT FORM ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬:(21.4) 

 1.3.4

 E22.4 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WBASIC SIZE‫א‬‫א‬[1]
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬:DEVIATION‫א‬‫[ א‬2]
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  :UPPER DEVIATION ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫[ א‬3]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  :LOWER DEVIATION ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫[ א‬4]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ :FUNDAMENTAL DEVIATION ‫א‬ ‫א‬ [5]

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ (TOLERACE ZONE) ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  WTOLERANCE ‫א‬  [6]
‫א‬‫א‬
 :INTERNATIONAL TOLERANCE GRADE (I.T.) ‫א‬  [7]
L‫א‬_‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (FIT) ‫א‬ :HOLE BASIS SYSTEM ‫א‬  [8]
‫א‬‫א‬
 (FIT) ‫א‬ :SHAFT BASIS SYSTEM ‫א‬ [9]
‫א‬‫א‬
  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :NOMONAL SIZE‫א‬‫[ א‬10]
E25
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:ACTUAL SIZE‫א‬‫[ א‬11]
‫א‬WZERO LINE ‫א‬‫[ א‬12]
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WALLOWANCE‫[ א‬13]
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
IT16IT0‫א‬K(I.Tnumbers)
 1.4‫א‬‫א‬IT11 IT6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W(FUNDAMENTAL DEVIATONS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ א‬‫( א‬5)‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬
(TOLERANCE ‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ أن א‬22.4
.22.4‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬ZONE)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
 
‫א‬:(22.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬: (1.4) 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬        ‫א‬   
‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K(23.4
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

A_B_C_CD_D_E_EF_F_G_H_JS_J_K_M_N_P_R_S

T_U_V_X_Y_Z_ZA_ZB_ZC

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

a_b_c_cd_d_e_ef_f_g_h_js_j_k_m_n_p_r_s

t_u_v_x_y_z_za_zb_zc

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    (A) ‫א‬ 

 Kzca‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.(ZC)‫א‬
 
MATING PARTS and FITS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.3.4
‫א‬    EF        (FIT) ‫א‬‫א‬
،.(SHAFT AND BEARING) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (SHAFT AND PULLY) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 KE
 F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(2) ،CLEARANCE_ (1) W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
     .TRANSITION_‫א‬ (3) ،NTERFERENCE_‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

holes

shafts

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W23.4

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ :(24.4)

 W(CLEARANCE FIT)‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
      ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         
‫א‬‫א‬ K(BEARINGS) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 24.4.
 
 W(INTERFERENCE FIT)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K        ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 24.4‫א‬
 
 W(TRANSITION FIT)‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF
 24.4.‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 BASIC HOLE/SHAFT SYSTEMS‫א‬‫א‬3.3.4

BASIC HOLE )‫א‬ (1W25.4‫א‬‫א‬ 

   (2 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    (SYSTEM
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (BASIC SHAFT SYSTEM) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ (DRILL) ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (BASIC SHAFT SYSTEM)‫א‬ 
 (REAMERS) ‫א‬ (DRILLS) ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(25.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

FIT SELECTION‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4KK43
 ‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
   K  ‫א‬    ‫א‬    KK‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 2.4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

H11/c11 ‫א‬  (Loose Running Fit)  ƒ
‫א‬

(Free Running   ‫א‬    ƒ
H9/d9 ‫א‬‫א‬Fit)

 
 (Clause Running Fit)  ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬
H8/f7
 (Sliding Fit)  ‫א‬L  ƒ
 L
H7/h6
H7/k6 ELocational TransitionF ƒ
 ELocational TransitionF ‫א‬    ƒ  ‫א‬
H7/n6
 ‫א‬
(Locational   ‫א‬   ƒ
H7/p6
‫א‬Interference)
ELF  (Medium Drive)  ƒ  ‫א‬
H7/s6 ‫א‬
 (Force Fit) ƒ
H7/u6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : (2.4)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  



 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Ø30H11c11 9
Ø30H7k6‫ א‬9
Ø30H7p6‫א‬ 9
 
(Hole/Shaft Dimensions)‫א‬L‫א‬ ƒ
(Large Hole/Small Shaft)L ƒ
(Small Hole/Large Shaft)L ƒ
 (Min./Max. Clearance/Interference)‫א‬L ƒ
  
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  

 
- 85 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬4.4
 (LOCATION)‫א‬  (PROFILE)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬               ‫א‬
‫א‬، K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫( א‬±I.T.)‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 .§ 3.4‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 G:GEOMETRIC D:DIMENSIONING &T :TOLERANCING
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬

FORM DEVIATION‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WSTRAIGHTNESS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬‫א‬

   
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

    ‫א‬‫א‬    WFLATNESS ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WCIRCULARITY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬

  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    WCYLINDRICITY ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 

 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

PROFILE DEVIATION‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WPROFILE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 
 
ORIENTATION‫א‬‫א‬

  EF  ‫א‬    W PARALLELISM ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 L 

 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬    W PERPENDICULARITY‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ANGULARITY ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

LOCATION‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W POSITION ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

  WCONCENTRICITY, COAXIALITY ‫א‬L‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K
 

 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

SYMMETRY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬W SYMMETRY‫א‬L‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L

RUNOUT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
WRunout/Total RunoutHL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 SURFACE ROUGHNESS‫א‬‫א‬5.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬      .(26.4 )‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬ ƒ
EKKK__F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
KKKK‫א‬ ƒ
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 ‫א‬:(26.4) 
(ROUGHNESS) ?‫?א‬‫א‬
 (PEAKS)‫א‬‫א‬  (Ra)‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     (27.4 ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (VALLEYS)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(MEAN LINE)‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬:(27.4) 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   

  ‫א‬   BEARINGS ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3.4 ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬ (12) (1) (N ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ
  ‫א‬    EF        
K‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : (3.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬:(28.4) 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : (4.4) 

   ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    (5mm)  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 28.4‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .29.4
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬1.5.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.4.4‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E30.4F‫א‬ K‫א‬
K31.4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(29.4)

 K2
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ :(30.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
(31.4) 
 
 NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS6.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ §6.4‫א‬ 
(WELDING)‫א‬ 3.4‫א‬
W،‫א‬(RIVETING) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬   ‫א‬    (WELDING) ‫א‬  
 K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(FILLER)
 
 W‫א‬L
 
WELDING) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (PRESSURE WELDINGF ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ƒ
(SPOT
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬   (NO PRESSURE WELDING) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ƒ
WELDINGF ‫א‬  ،(ARC WELDING) ‫א‬  ،(GAS WELDING)
 K(FLASH WELDING)‫א‬‫א‬(RESISTANCE
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ (WEIDING JOINTS)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (BUTT JOINTS)  J
 (CORNER JOINTS)‫א‬  J
  (TEE JOINTS) T  J
 (EDGE JOINTS)  J
(LAP JOINTS)‫א‬  J

 
(32.4) 
 
 33.4 ‫א‬    ‫א‬         
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(33.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

(WELDING SYMBOL)     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
(34.4‫א‬‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(34.4) 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ .(RIVETS)‫א‬‫א‬
 WE35.4F‫א‬
 (ROUND HEAD)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 (COUNTER SINK)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

 (TOP CSK ROUND)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

 (CROWNED) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

(FLAT)‫א‬‫ א‬K

 
(35.4) 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
    ‫א‬     ‫א‬   
 .36.4.‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W36.4
 
 MANUFACTURING FEATURES7.4
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬ (GROOVE) ‫א‬L‫א‬  :RECESS OR NECK ‫ƒ א‬
 (NECK) ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ :(CHAMFER) ‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
  

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(THREADS) ‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
   (M) ‫א‬
 .(mm)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ :M20×2.5 W
‫א‬‫א‬F M20×2.5 37.4‫א‬ K(2.5mm)‫א‬،(ν20mm)
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W37.4
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 38.4‫א‬‫א‬(M20×2.5-6H7g)‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W38.4
 
(BLIND)W(MACHINED HOLES)‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(THROUGH)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ :(COUNTERBORED HOLE) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ :(COUNTERSUNK HOLE )  ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(SPOTFACED HOLE)  ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
‫؟‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1

 
 

 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬.4

 

 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.5
 

 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  .3:1   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬.6
 ‫؟‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

5
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4
 
 ٪100‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .1
  .2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E111F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬1.5
 (EXECUTIVE DRAWING)‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬2.5
K
 L  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K1.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W1.5
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ،
 E2.5‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 2.5
 
‫א‬‫א‬   3.5‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 3.5
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬4.5
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W4.5
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ 1.2.5
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  L  E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .2

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K .3
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5.5‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 

 
 
 5.5‫א‬
‫א‬2.2.5
(FUNCTIONAL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬REQUIREMENTS)
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K(NON AMBIGUITY)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (BILL of MATERIAL)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 6.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
             10
 
              9 
 
             8
 
             7
 
             6
 
             5
 
             4
 
             3
 
             2  
             1  
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ DIN  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
     W    ‫א‬    W‫א‬  
 W‫ א‬ W‫א‬      W‫א‬    W‫א‬  
   
               
     
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
B.O.M_BILL of MATERIALW6.5‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 E7.5F‫א‬‫א‬6.5‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 BILL of MATERIAL‫א‬W7.5‫א‬

‫א‬3.2.5

V_TAIL SLIDE8.5‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 KEF1
‫א‬ KF ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
 
 8.5‫א‬
 
2KV_TAIL SLIDE9.5‫א‬
 EF
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 9.5‫א‬
 
‫א‬ 10.5‫א‬W  J

 

 
10.5‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 10.5‫א‬‫א‬
             KKK
             KKK
   37  2    20,12    8
   37  2    8،45    7
   43  1    40,35    6
     1    4    5
   43  1    25,25    4
     2    6  ‫א‬  3
   37  1    30,35,85  ‫א‬  2
   37  1   20,85,105  ‫א‬  1

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ DIN  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

     W    ‫א‬    W‫א‬
 W‫א‬  W‫א‬      W‫א‬    W‫א‬
 
             
     
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WE11.5‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ƒ
E‫א‬‫א‬
1,2,4,6‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
1,2,4,6‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 KB-BA-A
 

 
(6)‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
E1F‫א‬

 
 KE4F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 E2F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W11.5‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬3.5
(FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
.(ASSEMBLY PROCESS ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PLANNING)
‫א‬‫א‬ (SUB-ASSEMBLIES)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬ _§2.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .12.5

 
W12.5‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
‫א‬W13.5‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(EXPLODED ASSEMBLIES)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K14.5‫א‬‫א‬

 
W14.5‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬
(ASSEMBLY BILL  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
15.5‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬of MATERIAL)
K
 

 
W15.5‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.3.5

‫א‬‫א‬
 :E16.5‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K .4
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .5
K‫א‬ .6

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J

K
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K 17.5‫א‬
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W16.5‫א‬

 
 
             
  8.8 2      ‫א‬‫א‬ 6
  St 60-2 K 4       5
  8.8 2       4
  St 50-2 1       3
   USt 37-2 2       2
  USt 37-2 1       1
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ DIN  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
     W    ‫א‬    W‫א‬

 W‫א‬  W‫א‬      W‫א‬    W‫א‬

 
     
   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬W17.5‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬2.3.5

L‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬18.5EF

 
 K: 18.5‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 (H)K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
 W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬،‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 18.5‫א‬
 K20mm‫א‬ 55mm
E4‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  E3‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5‫א‬F‫א‬
C 60 H‫א‬E2‫א‬F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫ א‬.2
 KE‫א‬F
 W1‫ א‬9
K  J
 K  J

 W2‫א‬ 9
 K  J
 K  J


- 133 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
     1  934 M6x16   5
     1 939 M8x35   4
  St 37  1 125 A10.5   3
   GG30  1  147  F1.95x47x30   2
   GG30 1 147 F1.135x47x30  ‫א‬ 1
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ DIN  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
     W    ‫א‬    W‫א‬

 W‫א‬  W‫א‬      W‫א‬    W‫א‬

 
             
     
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬.3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 134 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 
K1:3‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.5
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 135 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.6
 KE‫א‬F
K‫א‬1‫ א‬ J
2‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬
 

- 136 -
 ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 173‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪St‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪A5.3‬‬ ‫وردة‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪6337‬‬ ‫‪B100‬‬ ‫ذراع ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ آﺮوﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪St‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪B13‬‬ ‫وردة‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻذ ﻧﻮاﺑﺾ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2098‬‬ ‫‪2x16x30‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪St 50 k‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪M6x20‬‬ ‫أﺻﺒﻊ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪12.9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪912‬‬ ‫‪M5x15‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺑﺮأس ﻣﺠﻮف‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪934‬‬ ‫‪M12‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪St 44-2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪St 44-2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻠﻮﻟﺐ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪St 44-2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻮﺷﻮرﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪St 44-2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪St 44-2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻇﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫‪DIN‬‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫‪- 137 -‬‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

K1:2‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.8
‫؟‬8 ,10‫א‬ •
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫؟‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F1 , 2 , 4 , 12‫א‬‫א‬ •
 .2 ‫א‬‫א‬ •

- 138 -
 ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 173‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Z=39,‬‬ ‫‪GGG-‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮس‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪m=3‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻏﻲ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ إﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻞ آﺮﻳﺎت ﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫‪St 37‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1013‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎء‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪85x15‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪St 60 K‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺑﻮر اﻧﺰﻻق‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ إﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪80x37‬‬ ‫‪St50‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1013‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ﺳﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Ø‬‬
‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻏﻲ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪45x196‬‬ ‫‪St 60‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1013‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ø‬‬
‫‪GG-30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫‪DIN‬‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫رﺳﻤﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‪:‬‬ ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس‪:‬‬

‫‪- 139 -‬‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.9
 K‫א‬  J
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫؟‬4‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬  J
!‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬


 
 
 
 

- 140 -
 ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 173‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪St‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪705‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪M 6x8‬‬ ‫أﺻﺒﻊ ﻣﻠﻮﻟﺐ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪65 Si 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2098‬‬ ‫‪3.2x40x120‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪G-CuSn‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1850‬‬ ‫‪6x15‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪M10x18‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻏﻲ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪M8‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪74 Ba‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪/250‬‬
‫‪CK 45 KV‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5936‬‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ دﻓﻊ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪G-AISi 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪G-AISi 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪر‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪G-AISi 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎء‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪G-AISi 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫‪DIN‬‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫رﺳﻤﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‪:‬‬ ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس‪:‬‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻷزواج‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- 141 -‬‬

  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 

- 142 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 

- 143 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 

- 144 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
- 145 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
- 146 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
- 147 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
- 148 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

- 149 -
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1
1985،E‫א‬F،??
،? ?‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
1985،E‫א‬F‫א‬
?‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.3
 1985،E‫א‬F،?

4. Mechanical Engineering Design (Seventh Edition), Joseph Shigley,

Charles Mischke and Richard Budynas, McGraw Hill Co., 2004
5. Mechanical Engineering Reference Manual (12 Edition), Michael R.
Linderburg, Professional Publicationd, Inc., 2006

6. http://drawsketch.about.com/od/technicaldrawing/
7. http://machinedesign.com/channel/basics-of-design-engineering
8. http://www.tec-ease.com/gdt-tips.htm
9. http://www.google.com/Top/Science/Technology/Mechanical_Engineering/
Design
10. http://www.efunda.com

 
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
.....................................................................................
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 2................................................................................ 1.1
 2....................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.1
 8............................................... LINES TYPES‫א‬‫א‬3.1
8......................................................….. DIMENSIONS ‫א‬ 4.1

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 11............................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬1.2
 12.............................................................................. ‫א‬2.2

 13................................................................‫א‬3.2
 13.............................................................SECTIONING ‫ א‬4.2

 16..............................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1.4.2
19................................................................................... 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 27.......................................................FASTENERS ‫א‬ 1.4
 35.................................................................SPRINGS ‫א‬‫א‬2.3
37.........................................SPRINGS ‫א‬‫א‬1.2.3
 40...............................................................BEARINGS ‫א‬3.3
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 40................BEARINGS CLASSES   ‫א‬‫א‬1.3.3
 44...................................................................GEARS ‫א‬ 4.4
 45.......................NOMENCLTURE  ‫א‬‫א‬1.4.3
 48.....................................‫א‬‫א‬2.4.3
K53...................................................................................

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
59.........................................................................  1.4
59............................................................................. ‫א‬ 2.4
 59......................................................1.2.4
 61.........................................................‫א‬2.2.4
 70....................................................................................
 
 74..................... DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ‫א‬‫ א‬3.4
 75................................................ 1.3.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫اﻷﺟﺰاء א‬ 2.3.4
  79...................................... MATING PARTS and FITS
‫א‬‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ א‬ 3.3.4
82..............................BASIC HOLE/SHAFT SYSTEMS
83.........................FIT SELECTION‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4.3.4
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫ א‬4.4
 88................................................GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES
‫א‬‫א‬ 5.4
 98.....................................................SURFACE ROUGHNESS
 97 ................................................. ‫א‬ 1.5.4
 6.4
 98........................................NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS
7.4
 101.................................................MANUFACTURING FEATURES

105..................................................................................

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
111.............................................‫א‬‫ א‬  1.5
111.................................................................‫א‬‫א‬ 2.5
114................................................‫א‬ 1.2.6
115................................................................‫א‬ 2.2.5
117........................................‫א‬ 3.2.5
123......................................................................‫א‬‫א‬ 3.5
127.......................................‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ 1.3.5
132 ...............................................‫א‬‫א‬ 2.3.5
133........................................................................................
  173  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
142.............................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 150KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬