Session 3: The 19th Century in the Context of Rizal Prepared by: Carl Axel M.

el M. Fajardo, Jethro Adra Bremen, Jade Anthony Baloloy, John Carlo Llave BSME – 1B

Areas of Positive Negative

Rizal’s Point of View
Development Effects Effects

 Exports of agricultural products as

participated by those who controlled
large rice-,sugar-,and abaca-growing
lands in Central Luzon, Luzon,
Batangas, parts of the Bicol region,  Important as a stimulus to trade was
the gradual elimination of the monopoly
Negros, and Panay profited the most
enjoyed by the galleon to Acapulco.
prevent possible scarcity on time when
The last galleon arrived in Manila in
there is a rapidly growing population
1815, and by the mid-1830s Manila
that needed enough supply of rice.
was open to foreign merchants almost
 The growth of export on those years
without restriction. The demand for
brought increasing prosperity to the
Philippine sugar and abaca (hemp)
Filipino middle and upper-class
grew apace, and the volume of exports
whoever in a petition to profit by it, as
to Europe expanded even further after
well as to the Western- chiefly British  Rizal's point of view about economic
the completion of the Suez Canal in
and American merchants who development of the Philippines in the
1869.
Economic organized it. 19th century is the growth of an export
 The growth of commercial agriculture
 It brought in to the Philippines both the economy brought increasing prosperity
resulted in the appearance of a new
machinery and consumer goods which to Filipino middle and upper classes
class. Alongside the landholdings of the
the industrialized economies of the
church and the rice estates of the pre-
West could supply, and the Spain could
Spanish nobility there arose haciendas
not, or would not supply. The figures for
of coffee, hemp, and sugar, often the
the Philippines foreign trade for the
property of enterprising Chinese-
beginning, middle and end of this
Filipino mestizos. Some of the families
period is significant of what was
that gained prominence in the 19th
happening.
century have continued to play an
 The demand for Philippine sugar and
important role in Philippine economics
abaca (hemp) grew space, and the
and politics.
volume of exports to Europe expanded
even further after the completion of the
Suez Canal in 1869.

 Showcases the unjust actions of  the instability of these governments  Rizal's point of view about political
Political government corruption by means of made it impossible to develop any development of the Philippines in the
Rizal works and talented group of consistency policy for the overseas 19th century is that the Philippines
 overseas Filipino students arose what colonies. Worse both parties used the must be separated from Spain to end
came to be known as the Propaganda Philippines as a handy fumping ground corruptions and abuse of power and
Movement. to reward party hangers on the job authority by the Spaniards.
 Philippines on 19th century had  Far worse in many ways than the
developed a firm commitment to corruption of the government was its
independence among a somewhat less inability to provide for basic needs of
privileged class. public works, schools, peace and order,
 Magazines, poetry, and pamphleteering another prerequisites to even a semi
has flourished. modern economy
 José Rizal, this movement’s most
brilliant figure, produced two political
novels—Noli me tangere (1887; Touch
Me Not) and El filibusterismo (1891;
The Reign of Greed)—which had a
wide impact in the Philippines till
present.
 Emergence of nationalistic movements
and patriotic views from our country

 Higher education from middle and

lower middle class Filipinos who could
not afford abroad was more important
 The creation of a limited but substantial
number (some 5 percent) of Filipinos in
all parts of the country who could
communicate in Spanish made possible  If from a scientific historical point of
for the first time in history a movement view, Rizal proves too much and veers
that was both regional and national in  In the 19th century the sense of toward the opposite distortion from that
scope. nationalism has been declined because of friars who had denied all civilization
Cultural  The Philippines owes [t h e Jesuits] the Spanish government holds back the to the pre-Hispanic Filipinos, he did lay
the beginnings of the Natural Sciences teaching of nationalism in the schools a historical foundation in his Morga and
, soul of the nineteenth century to stop the up rise of possible other essays for a national
 Under the direction of the Jesuits too revolutions on the community consciousness and pride in the race
was the other new educational which was to prove important for the
institution, de Escuela Normal de future.
Maestros. It was opened in 1865 to
provide Spanish speaking teachers for
the projected new primary school
systems. That represents progress in
hopes of the minds of the Filipinos
about whom the modern education
 from Filipino posed a danger to the
continuation of Spanish rule.
 Rise of national consciousness from
the interest of Filipino on learning from
the past, as well by means of historical
investigation
 Catholicism and belies including ideals
still been practiced as of today
 Propagandas and writings were been
shown and published expressing the
maturity of nationalism movement
above all with the help of Filipino clergy
Religious
 Filipino leaders quickly and skilfully
utilized the opportunities for self-
government that the Americans opened
to them.
 Rizal expressed his own mind in a letter
to Blumentritt:” I wanted to hit the friars
[but] since the friars are always making
use of religion, not only as a shield but
also as a weapon, protection, citadel,
fortress, armour, etc. I was therefore
forced to attack their false and
superstitious religion in order to combat
the enemy who hid behind this
religion.... God must not serve as shield
and protection of abuses, nor must
religion." The picture of the religious
environment in which nineteenth
 Abusive friars and the abusive usage of
century nationalism came to maturity
power
would be incomplete, above all for
Rizal, without the Filipino clergy. Not
only were Rizal and his fellow
Propagandists partly the heirs of the
conflict between Filipino secular priests
and Spanish friars that had led to the
martyrdom of Fathers Burgos, Gomez,
and Zamora in 1872; it was also in that
conflict that the seeds of nationalism,
which were to come to full flower
among the Propagandists, had first
been sowed.