CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods used in the conduct of the study. The
researchers used the correlation research method. This chapter also deals with
the research design, research locale, research respondents, data gathering
procedure, research instrument and statistical treatment of data. The systematic
flow of research is also established in this chapter.

Research Design

This study utilized correlation research design. A correlational

study is a type of research design where a researcher seeks to understand what
kind of relationships naturally occurring variables have with one another.
Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research method, in which a
researcher measures two variables, understands and assess the statistical
relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable.
(Arikunto, 2007).

According to Creswell (2012) that correlational research design,

investigators use correlation statistical test to describe and measure the degree of
association (or relationship) between two or more variables or sets of scores. The
researchers do not attempt to control or manipulate the variables as in experiment;
instead they relate using the correlation statistics, two or more scores for each
person.

There are two types of correlation study as stated by Creswell (2012). They
are explanatory design and prediction design. This study used explanatory design
since this study will just investigate the degree of association between two
variables. As stated by Creswell (2012), explanatory design is a correlational
design in which the researcher is interested in the extent to which two variables (or
more) covary, that is where changes in one variable are reflected in changes in the
other. The elaboration from experts above strengthens the reason why correlation
method I perceived the best to reach the goals of the study.
 The main purpose of this research is to know the effects of Islamophobia
towards the Islam students. This study is a quantitative type of research. The
Quasi-experimental method is used in this research since it intended to know the
effects of Islamophobia. This research does not attempt to manipulate or control
the variables as an experiment. We use this kind of research design because we
aim to evaluate the interventions but that do not use randomization. Like
randomized trials, quasi experiments aim to demonstrate causality between an
intervention and an outcome.

1. I. Knowledge  Involvement of 30 Muslim  Results of Islamaphobia

students in Secondary Level present in Private School
1. A. Islamophobia
rom Private Schools in
1. 1. Endorsing Religious General Santos City.
Stereotypes

2. 2. Pathology of  To know whether the

 Gathered Data through
Different Religious
Research Survey and different kind of
Groups Islamaphobia affect the
Interview.
3. 3. Islamophobic and
Self-Esteem of the Muslim
Mocking Language Students
 Using the Correlational
4. A. Self-Esteem
Research If Islamaphobia
1. 1. Membership Self- affect what kind of Self-
Esteem esteem of the Students.

2. 2. Private Collective
Self-esteem
 Determining the Level of
3. 3. Public Collective Self-esteem of the Students
Self-esteem who Experience
Islamophobia
4. 4. Importance to
Identity
Research Locale

This study will be conducted in 8 private schools in General Santos City.

The researchers choose the locale to help raise awareness to the citizens living in
the area regarding Islamophobia and its effect to the self-esteem of Muslim
students. The researchers selected this following private schools because it has
the researchers 3 qualifications, first it is a private school, second it offers
secondary education, and third it caters Muslim students.

The following list is the name of the private schools in General Santos City
where the study will be conducted.

Selected Private Schools in General Santos City;

 Christ the King High School of Labu Inc. - Labu Katangawan

 Stratford International School - Jose Catolico Sr. Avenue General Santos

city

 The Quantum Academy - NLSA Road, Purok Malambuon, General Santos

City

 STI college-General Santos - Jose Catolico Sr. Avenue

 General Santos Hope Christian School - Block 8 Salvani st.
 The Heritage Academy of the Philippines - Guinto st, P. Malakas, San Isidro
 Holy Trinity College of General Santos City - Corner Claro M. Recto st, Pres.
Sergio Osmena Avenue
 New Brighton School of the Philippines Inc. - Pres. Ramon Magsaysay Ave

Location Map
Figure 1: Christ the King High School of Labu Inc. - Labu
Katangawan

Figure 2: Stratford International School - Jose Catolico Sr.

Avenue General Santos city

 Figure 3: The Quantum Academy - NLSA Road, Purok Malambuon,
General Santos City

Figure 4: STI college-General Santos - Jose Catolico Sr. Avenue

Figure 5: General Santos Hope Christian School - Block 8 Salvani st.

 Figure 6: The Heritage Academy of the Philippines - Guinto st, P.
Malakas, San Isidro

Figure 7: Holy Trinity College of General Santos City - Corner Claro M. Recto st,
Pres. Sergio Osmena Avenue

Figure 8: New Brighton School of the Philippines Inc. - Pres. Ramon

Magsaysay Ave
Research Respondents

The study involved a sample of thirty (30) students from different private
schools in General Santos City which may be viewed as a restriction that limits the
generalization of results. In choosing the respondents, purposive sampling will be
applied. A purposive sample is a non-probability sample that is selected based on
characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling
is different from convenience sampling and is also known as judgmental, selective,
or subjective sampling (Crossman, 2019). Hence, this sampling method is useful
in choosing Muslim students on different private schools in General Santos City
and in which the researchers will be prudent in selecting the samples.

Purposive sampling is the technique that will be used by the researchers

since not all Muslim students are in a private high schools in General Santos City.

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Data collection in private

schools in General Santos
City

Questionnaire distribution
on respondents

Data analysis and retrieving

results

Figure 1. Data Gathering Flowchart

 The figure above shows the process of data gathering. In planning the data
collection the researchers will visit the private schools in General Santos City to
interview Muslim students and ask them if they experienced Islamophobia. The
researchers will distribute questionnaires where the respondents will answer
effectively. The questionnaire contains some questions where the respondents
can rate the level of Islamophobia they experienced and does it affect their self-
esteem in terms of psychological and social aspects. After the data gathering and
collection the researchers will analyze the specific form of Islamophobia the
respondents experienced with the help of statistician the researchers can
determine the level of Islamophobia and what is the effect of it on the self-esteem
of students.

Statistical Tool

For sub-problem 1, the response will be tallied and computed using the
weighted mean to determine the ____. The researchers will be using the weighted
mean to test the relationship of Islamophobia and self-esteem.

Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation Qualitative Description

Interval

For sub-problem 2, to determine the 88888 frequency and percentage 8888

using the 888888.

To answer the sub-problem 3, Pearson r will be employed to find out if there

is a significant relationship between the variable Islamophobia and self-esteem.
To interpret the correlation value (r) in the study, the following classification was
adopted from Calmorin (1995):

Range Interpretation
An r from ±0.00 to ±0.20 denotes negligible correlation
 An r from ±0.21 to ±0.40
An r from ±0.41 to ±0.70
An r from ±0.71 to ±0.90
An r from ±0.91 to ±0.99
An r from ±1
denotes low or slight relationship
denotes mark relationship
denotes high relationship
denotes very high relationship
denotes perfect correlation

All hypotheses will be tested at the 0.5 level of significance.