ROCK SLIDE: A landslide involving bedrock in which the

rock that moves remains largely intact for at least a portion

of the movement. Rock slides can range in size from small
and thin to very large and thick, and are subject to a wide
range of triggering mechanisms. The sliding occurs at the
base of the rock mass along one to several relatively thin
zones of weakness, which are variably referred to as “slide
planes,” “shear surfaces,” “slip surfaces,” “rupture surfaces,”
or “failure surfaces.”

EARTH FLOW: A specific type of Soil Flow landslide where

the majority of the soil materials are fine-grained (silt and
clay) and cohesive. The material strength is low through
much of the slide mass, and movement occurs on many
discontinuous shear surfaces throughout the landslide mass.
This movement along numerous internal slide planes
disrupts the landslide mass leading to cumulative movement
that resembles the flow of a viscous liquid characterized by a
lumpy, or “hummocky” slope morphology. The lower parts of an earth flow usually bulge
outward and are steeper than adjacent slopes.

DEBRIS SLIDE: A slide of coarse-grained soil, most

common in unconsolidated sandy or gravelly units, but also
are common in residual soils that form from in-place
weathering of relatively hard rock. Owing to the granular
constituents, overall strength of the debris slide mass
generally is higher than that of earth flows, but there may be
a very low strength zone at the base of the soil or within
weathered bedrock. Debris slides typically move initially as
shallow intact slabs of soil and vegetation, but break up after
a short distance into falls and flows. Movement of the slide mass as a shallow slab leads to a
smooth, steep, commonly curved scar. The debris is deposited at the base as a loose
hummocky mass, although the deposit may be rapidly removed by erosion.

DEBRIS FLOW: A Soil Flow where the majority of the

materials are coarse-grained (fine sand to boulder size
particles) and non-cohesive. Debris flows are most often
triggered by intense rainfall following a period of less intense
precipitation, or by rapid snow melt. High pore water
pressures cause the soil and weathered rock to rapidly lose
strength and flow downslope. Debris flows can move very
rapidly, at rates ranging from meters per hour to meters per
second and travel relatively long distances, making them a
significant threat to life and property.

ROCK FALL: A landslide where a mass of rock detaches

from a steep slope by sliding, spreading or toppling and
descends mainly through the air by falling, bouncing or
rolling. Intense rain, earthquakes or freeze-thaw wedging
may trigger this type of movement.
 Sinkhole in Bantayan Island and Badian, Cebu

Another sinkhole in Sta. Fe town in Bantayan island was found

in July a year ago that constrained families in sitio Dapdap,
Barangay Langub to move. At first, the opening is a few feet
wide yet developed more extensive as per occupants. The
sinkhole was around 40 feet wide and 4 feet profound.

Sinkhole in Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental

Six individuals have allegedly fallen into a 12 feet profound

sinkhole that all of a sudden showed up amidst a ball court in
Purok Jalandoni, Barangay Oringao in Kabankalan City,
Negros Occidental in July lasy year. MGB said the gap might
have been made by water streaming underground. Theu
considered this as a topographical danger.

Baguio City sinkholes

Sinkholes are very basic in Baguio City, which additionally

has no less than seven known issues and various zones
helpless against avalanches. Avalanches could be activated
by a tremor or constant precipitation, which can likewise make
sinkholes wreak devastation.
Since Baguio has one of the 10 most elevated every day
precipitation records on the planet and is gone by a normal of five tornados in a three-year
period, avalanches and sinkhole-related incidents are normal.

Sinkhole in Bohol

The profound opening found in Barangay Cambilan,

Catigbian, Bohol as indicated by Harlans Multimedia
Production who has posted the video in Youtube said it was
because of the 7.2 size quake that struck the territory in
October 2013

Strange Underwater sinkhole of Dadiangas, GenSan

Debacle authorities are still confounded on a profound

opening suspected sinkhole at Purok Tinago, a group of
casual pilgrims in Barangay South Dadiangas, General
Santos City. Neighborhood TV stations have reported that it
abruptly showed up in February this year.
Neighborhood reports said the submerged gap keeps on
eating into the shores and eat their homes. When they
attempted to gauge the profundity of the opening utilizing a
pumpboat grapple, just 20 dipa (spans) were left of the 350
distances of rope.
Sinkholes

A common emotion in many novels is wishing that the ground would open up and
swallow the person whole. While it makes for great literary drama, it can be terrifying the
same happens in real life. Imagine standing on solid ground one minute and tumbling
down a deep hole the other. That is a reality experienced by those who have fallen into
sinkholes. These holes open up suddenly, without any indications of what is to happen.
Understanding how such a hole can appear without any warning may seem difficult, but
in fact is quite simple.

Sinkholes are found all over the world. In the U.S., sinkholes are especially
common in Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, and Florida,
according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

Causes of Sinkholes

Sinkholes can be natural or man made. Natural sinkholes occur due to erosion or
underground water. They start developing long time before it actually appears. The
ground beneath our feet is not as much of a solid structure as we think it is. The ground
is made from dirt, along with many rocks and minerals. There is water continually
seeping in between the mud, rocks and minerals, as it makes its way down to the ground
water reservoirs. As this happens, the water slowly erodes the rocks and minerals.
Sometimes the flow of water increases to a point when it washes away the underground
structure of the land. And when the structure becomes too weak to support the surface
of the earth, it collapses and opens up a hole. This is how sinkholes are formed.

Humans are also responsible for the formation of sinkholes. Activities like drilling,
mining, construction, broken water or drain pipes, improperly compacted soil after
excavation work or even heavy traffic can result in small to large sinkholes. Water from
broken pipe can penetrate through mud and rocks and erode the ground underneath and
cause sinkholes. Sometimes, heavy weight on soft soil can result in collapse of ground,
resulting in a sinkhole. Sinkholes can also form when the land surface is changed.

Areas that have a bedrock made of limestone, salt deposits or carbonate rock are
most susceptible to erosion and the formation of such holes. These rocks tend to erode
as acidic water passes through them. When rainwater passes through decaying plant
debris, it tend to become more acidic. Over a period of years, overlying sediments
collapse and a sinkhole develops. Sometimes the holes are small, measuring a few feet
wide and ten to fifteen feet deep. Others can be hundreds of miles wide and deep.
However, all of them can be dangerous for those that get caught in them. There are three
major kinds of sinkholes. Their formation is determined by the same geological
processes, barring a few differences.