OG
HAZARD
Geologic hazards are events
which occur irregularly in
time and space and cause
negative impact on man and
the environment. These
events involve the energy
transformation of masses of
soil, rocks, the lithosphere
and water in various
combinations and
conditions. Their non-
rhythmic occurrence makes
their predictability difficult.
An important characteristic
of many geologic hazards is
their prime land preference
the characteristic of
preferentially occupying
areas targeted by man for
his use.
Other Geological Hazard that is
common here in the Philippines is
the rainfall-induced landslide and
sinkholes.
Landslide - A landslide is the
movement of rock, earth,
or debris down a sloped section of
land. Landslides are caused
by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or
other factors that make the
slope unstable. Geology refers the
causes of landslide to characteristics
of the material itself. The earth or
rock might be weak or fractured, or
different layers may have different
strengths and stiffness.
Sinkholes - Sinkholes are
natural phenomena, they
occur all the time, but can
be adversely influenced by
human activity. Also
called doline, sinkholes are
caused when soluble rocks
below ground, including
limestone, gypsum and salt,
dissolve to form cave
system and cavities. A
sinkhole is formed when
these cavities collapse, or
where covering materials
such as sand, silt or clay
funnel into the cavities,
causing a collapse of the
surface.
 Cherry Hills Landslide
On August 3, 1999, heavy rain induced by
Typhoon Ising (Olga) spelled disaster for residents
of Cherry Hills Subdivision in Antipolo City, when
the ground beneath them broke apart and slid
down the mountain.
Sinkhole in Bantayan Island and Badian,
Cebu
A new sinkhole in Sta. Fe town in Bantayan island
was found in July last year that forced families in
sitio Dapdap, Barangay Langub to relocate. Initially,
the hole is two to three feet wide but grew wider
according to residents. The sinkhole was about 40
feet wide and 4 feet deep.
Panaon Island (Southern Leyte) Debris Flow
A low pressure area brought nonstop rain to
Panaon Island at the tip of Southern Leyte on
December 19, 2003. Authorities reported 154
people dead in Panaon Island due to the landslides.
Sinkhole in Kabankalan City, Negros
Occidenta
Six people have reportedly fallen into a 12 feet
deep sinkhole that suddenly appeared in the middle
of a basketball court in Purok Jalandoni, Barangay
Oringao in Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental in
July lasy year. MGB said the hole may have been
created by water flowing underground. The
considered this as a geological h
azard.
BOLIDE IMPACT
The term bolide comes from the Greek
word bolis which means “to flash.” The
word bolide is used by astronomers
when referring to brighter than usual
fireballs with the apparent magnitude -14
or brighter. Bolides that reach the
apparent magnitude of -17 or brighter
are referred to as superbolides. Some of
the most well-known superbolides in the
recent past include the Chelyabinsk
meteor and the Sutter’s Mill meteorite.
Geologists, on the other hand, use the
term “bolide” while referring to large
crater-forming bodies that impact the
earth from unknown origins.
COASTAL EROSION
Coastal erosion is typically driven by the
action of waves and currents, but also by
mass wasting processes on slopes, and
subsidence (particularly on muddy
coasts). Significant episodes of coastal
erosion are often associated with extreme
weather events (coastal storms, surge
and flooding) but also from tsunami, both
because the waves and currents tend to
have greater intensity and because the
associated storm surge or tsunami
inundation can allow waves and currents
to attack landforms which are normally
out of their reach. Coastal erosion is a
natural process which occurs whenever
the transport of material away from the
shoreline is not balanced by new material
being deposited onto the shoreline.

Many coastal landforms naturally undergo quasi-periodic cycles of erosion and

accretion on time-scales of days to years. This is especially evident on sandy
landforms such as beaches, dunes, and intermittently closed and open lagoon
entrances. Coastal erosion becomes a hazard when society does not adapt to its
effects on people, the built environment and infrastructure.
 • Avoid building near steep
• Protect your property
slopes, close to mountain
by planting ground
edges, near drainage ways
cover on slopes and
or along natural erosion
building retaining walls.
valleys.
• Recognize landslide
• Learn whether debris
warning.
flows have occurred in
• Listen for unusual
your area by contacting
sounds that might
local officials.
indicate moving debris.
• Get a ground assessment
of your property.

WAYS TO
PROTECTS YOUR
LIFE AND
PROPERTY FROM
LANDSLIDE AND
SINKHOLES

• Report sinking roadways to the

• Hire a building inspector to
look at your land and home.
• Replace old utility pipes.
• Install support piers while
constructing your home
local police or Public Works
department.
• Request that local pipes and
septic systems be inspected
for signs of aging.
• Use water sparingly if you live
in an area with frequent
droughts.
 Information

R
E F
E R
INFORMATIONS
Balce. (March 2016). Geologic Hazards in the Philippines; A Definition and an Overview. Taylor & Francis Online.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09617353.1988.11691173?journalCode=tsar20
Stanley. Landslide. Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/landslide/
Cooper. (2013). Explainer: what are sinkholes?. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-are-
sinkholes-17244
Bueza. (2018). LIST: Deadly landslides in the Philippines. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/212440-list-
deadly-landslides-philippines/
(2015). 5 mysterious sinkhole in the Philippines you might not know. The summit express.
https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2015/04/in-photos-5-places-philippines-with-mysterious-sinkholes.html
Heft. (2015). Here are 12 ways to protect your life and property from a landslide. NUProperty.
https://www.propertycasualty360.com/2015/07/17/here-are-12-ways-to-protect-your-life-and-
property/?slreturn=20220329070413
Staff. (2022). How to prevent sinkholes. WikiHow.
https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Sinkholes
What is a Bolide?. WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-bolide.html
Coastal Erosion. Geoscience Australia. https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/community-safety/coastalerosion
IMAGES
Geological hazards. Geological Portal.
https://www.geologieportal.ch/en/themes/geological-hazards.html
Stanley. Landslide. Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/landslide/
Cooper. (2013). Explainer: what are sinkholes?. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-are-
sinkholes-17244
Bueza. (2018). LIST: Deadly landslides in the Philippines. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/212440-list-
deadly-landslides-philippines/
(2015). 5 mysterious sinkhole in the Philippines you might not know. The summit express.
https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2015/04/in-photos-5-places-philippines-with-mysterious-sinkholes.html
What is a Bolide?. WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-bolide.html
Jaspheres. (2019). Coastal Erosion: Hurricane Dorian and Extreme Storms. Cummins Cederberg.
https://www.cumminscederberg.com/coastal-erosion-hurricane-dorian-and-extreme-storms/