REVIEWER IN DRRR
subsiding or deflating (types of events can go
GEOLOGICAL HAZARD
LESSON 1: LANDSLIDE AND SINKHOLE
Landslides
 Are defined as the mass movement of rock, debris
or earth down a slope and have come to include
broad range of motions whereby falling, sliding,
and flowing under the influence of gravity
dislodges earth material. Landslide occur when an
earthquake, floods/prolonged rainfall, or volcanic
eruption occur.
BEDROCK
1. Limestone
2. Dolomite
CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES
 THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF
LANDSLIDES
1. Natural Landslide
- Heavy and prolonged rainfall
- Earthquakes
- Forest fire
- Volcanoes / Volcanic Eruption
2. Anthropogenic Factor
- Inappropriate drainage system
- Cutting and deed excavation on slopes for
buildings, roads, canals and mining
- Change in slope/land use pattern, deforestation,
settlements, agricultural practices on steep slope
EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDES
1. Destroys everything and anything that comes in
their path (roads, rail lanes, agricultural production,
land area, etc.)
2. Loss of lives (depends on the place and time of
occurrence)
REMEMBER: Landslide is very difficult to predict the
occurrence
Sinkholes
 Is a hole in the ground that forms when water
dissolves surface rocks.
 Where do Sinkholes occur?
- Sinkholes are commonly found in what geologists
call Karst Terrain. Karst terrain are regions where
the type of rock below the land surface can
naturally be dissolved by underground water
circulating through them. About 20% or our
country is underlain by Karst terrain.
CAUSES OF SINKHOLES
 THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SINKHOLES
1. Cover-collapsed Sinkholes
- Develop quickly in a matter of hours and cause
catastrophic damage
2. Cover-subsidence Sinkholes
- forms slowly overtime with the ground gradually
unnoticed or undetected)
LESSON 2: IMPENDING SIGN OF SINKHOLE
AND LANDSLIDE
 LANDSLIDE WARNING SIGNS
1. Springs, seeps or saturated ground in areas that are
not usually wet.
2. New cracks or unusual bulges in the ground, street
or sidewalks.
3. Soil moving away from foundations, or the tilting
or cracking of concrete floors and foundations.
4. Sunken or down-dropped road beds
5. A sudden decrease in creek water levels even
though rain is still falling or just recently stopped.
6. A sudden decrease in creek water levels even
though rain is still falling or just recently stopped.
AREAS PRONE TO LANDSLIDES
- On existing old landslides.
- On or at the base of slopes
- In or at the base of minor drainage hollows.
- At the base or top of an old fill slope.
- At the base or top of a steep cut slope.
- Developed hillsides where leach field septic
systems are used.
 SIGNS OF SINKHOLES
 Sinkholes rarely strike without giving some
warning in the surrounding environment or in a
nearby home. Here are signs to watch for that may
indicate a problem.
1. Trees or fence posts that tilt or fall
2. Foundations that slant
3. New small ponds that appear after rain
4. Cracks in the ground
5. Sudden drainage of a pond
6. Rapid appearance of a hole in the ground
LESSON 3: INTERPRET GEOLOGICAL MAP
Geohazard
 A geohazard is a harmful event caused by the earth,
for example, an earthquake, a tsunami, or a
volcano.”
Geohazard Map
 A geohazard map indicates areas that are
susceptible to floods and landslides.
 The geo-hazard map developed by the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau of the Department of the
Environment and Natural Resources (MGB-DENR)
 Noted that the geohazard maps should be used as
guides by the Local Government Units (LGU’s) on
how they should plan their municipalities.
- Juan Miguel Zubiri
COLOR CODING OF GEOHAZARD MAPS
 THERE ARE 5 COLOR CODINGS
1. RED - high susceptible to landslide
2. GREEN - moderate susceptible to landslides  LOCATION: HINABANGAN, SAMAR
3. YELLOW - low susceptible to landslide  180m height
4. VIOLET - high susceptible to flooding  150m deep
5. PINK - low or moderate susceptible to flooding
MASSIVE SINKHOLE IN CHILE
LESSON 4: PRECAUTIONARY AND SAFETY  LOCATION: NEAR THE TOWN OF TIERRA
MEASURES FOR LANDSLIDES AMARILLA
 LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS  200m deep
 We should be aware on how to mitigate landslide  25m wide
and avoid becoming victims of landslide.  GOOGLE: Government agencies and the mine's
owners are studying what caused the appearance in
 BEFORE LANDSLIDE late July of the mysterious hole that spans 36.5
1. The key to staying safe is to prepare and to have an meters (120 feet) in diameter.
emergency plan in place
2. Listen to local news and weather reports for any
potential landslide watches and warnings in your
area
3. Talk with your family and neighbors about what
you would do during a landslide. Identify a safe
place to gather.
4. Become familiar with the land around where you
live and work so that you understand your risk in
different situations
5. Avoid actions that could increase instability. 
6. Learn how to recognize the signs of potential
imminent landslides.
7. Know who to notify if you see these signs. Have
municipal emergency contact numbers on hand
8. Have your emergency kit.
 DURING LANDSLIDE
1. Be prepared to evacuate at a moment’s notice
2. If you suspect imminent danger evacuate
immediately. Inform affected neighbors if you can,
and contact your public works, fire or police
department.
3. Listen for unusual sounds that might indicate
moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders
knocking together.
 AFTER LANDSLIDE
1. Listen to the radio, watch your local news channels,
and/or follow your local news outlet and/or
emergency officials on social media for further
instructions from officials and local leaders. 
2. Stay away from the slide area until local officials
say it is safe to enter
3. Check your home’s foundation, chimney and
surrounding land for damage.
4. If you suspect your home is unsafe, do not enter.
Rely on the professionals to clear your home for re-
entry, if you are unsure

WELL OF HELL
 LOCATION: AL-MAHARA YEMEN
 We should be aware on how to mitigate landslide
and avoid becoming victims of landslide.
 30m (100ft.) wide at the surface
 112m (367ft.) deep
 Explored September 15, 2021
 You can find snakes, dead animals, and cave pearls
 250m deep
 320m above sea level

BITO CAVE