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Lect2 PDF
Lect2 PDF
4.1 to 4.4 of “Mechanics of Fluids,” Merle C. Potter and David C. Wiggert, Brooks/Cole,
2001.
Topics
• Extensive vs intensive properties
• Flux across a permeable boundary
• General CV conservation equation
• Conservation of mass
Extensive prop.: integral generic quantity of the system, can be scalar or vectorial. We
will denote it with Nsys.
Intensive prop.: generic property of the system per unit mass, denoted as η, so that:
N sys = ∫ ηρ d∀
sys
The flux of Nsys across a differential area dA (on the surface of the control volume) can
be expressed as:
v·dA=v cos α dA
Consider the situation of figure 4.4 in the textbook. Conservation of Nsys requires
evaluation of Nsys at two different times (t and t+δt).
N sys t = ∫ ηρ d∀ ; N sys t +δt = ∫ ηρ d∀
II t II + III t +δt
The rate of change in Nsys during δt can be obtained following the derivations in the
textbook. Note that
∫ ηρ d∀ + ∫ ηρ d∀ − ∫ ηρ d∀
II t +δt II t = ∂ ηρd∀
∫
I
limδt →0
δt ∂ CV
∫ ηρ d∀ ∫ ηρ d∀
III t +δt I t +δt
limδt →0 − = ∫ ηρ v⋅ dA
δt δt CS
where CS stands for the surface of the control volume. The final equation reads:
dN sys ∂
dt
= ∫ ηρd∀ + CS∫ ηρ v⋅ dA
∂t CV
∂
0= ∫ ηρd∀ + CS∫ ηρ v⋅ dA
∂t CV
4. Conservation of mass
∂
0= ∫ ρd∀ + CS∫ ρ v⋅ dA
∂t CV