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FEASIBILITY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE (GINGER), CAPSICUM

ANNUM (CAYENNE PEPPER), AND SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM
(TOMATO LEAF) AS ORGANIC PESTICIDE TO PERIPLANETA
AMERICANA (COCKROACH)

De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

10B
PARADO, GAB
YADAO, STEFFI
ALVARO, LORINE
BABIERRA, SOPHIA
TAMPOLINO, CHARISSE
DELA CRUZ, JAMILOUSEL
LAGUNDAY, MARY CLAIRE
SAMILIN, ALLIYAH GABRIELLE
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Cockroach (Periplaneta americana), are any of about 4,600 species of

insects that are among the most primitive living winged insects. A cockroach

prefers a warm, humid, dark environment and is usually found in tropical or

other mild climates. When roaches, ants and other pests chew or walk on

objects sprayed with bug spray, the chemicals in the spray are ingested or

absorbed through the skin. These chemicals prevent nerves from

transmitting impulses or signals, resulting in paralysis of all major systems,

which leads to a quick death. On the other hand, pesticides are potentially

toxic to other organisms, including humans, therefore they need to be used

safely and disposed of properly. Headaches and nausea to chronic impacts

like cancer, reproductive harm, endocrine disruption and chronic health

effects may occur even after minimal exposure to insecticides in the

environment, or from the insecticides residues ingested through food and

water. Cayenne pepper or siling labuyo, as many of us know it, is a favorite

spice of many people around the world including the Philippines. There are

people who cannot eat without the taste of this real hot pepper. Pests are

one of the common problem everywhere. They cause destruction of

furniture and even houses. This research will test the cayenne pepper for
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its pesticidal properties. This research will only focus on killing cockroaches.

Ginger is a tropical plant that was spread around the tropical world around

the colonial days. The entire ginger family is rich in oil that both kill the micro

critters and stimulate the immune system to do the same. Tomato plants

are part of the nightshade family, and as such, contain alkaloids such as the

aptly named “tomatine,” which can effectively control aphids and other

insects. It’s quite obvious that the tomato plant has a natural resistance to

bugs, as they never seem to get nibbled at all. It turns out that those pesky

little pests aren’t as simple as they look, and they have a very good reason

to be cautious.

The research is really a need for the environment especially in the

Philippines. The resources in the Philippines is very little now a days

because of the harmful chemicals that the people put in the environment.

People should lessen the use of toxics to help the environment especially

now that the Earth is warming. The toxics of the synthetic insecticides can

easily harm the health of a person especially if he himself uses the synthetic

insecticides for his plants. The synthetic insecticides also targets the ozone

layer of the world, day by day it becomes thinner. So let’s always be mindful

and careful if we are going to use a insecticide, always choose the organic

one when it comes to insecticides.

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1.2 Conceptual Framework

Zingiber Officinale
(Ginger)
Capsicum Anuum
Number of cockroaches
(Cayenne Pepper)
killed.
Solanum Lycopersicum
(Tomato leaf)
Periplaneta Americana
(Cockroaches)

Figure 1. Research paradigm of the study.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Ginger,

Cayenne pepper, and Tomato leaf as organic pesticide to cockroach.

Specifically, the study will answer the following questions:

1. Is using Ginger, Cayenne pepper, and Tomato leaf feasible as

organic pesticide to cockroaches?

2. Is there a significant differences between the effectiveness of

Ginger, Cayenne pepper, and Tomato leaf as organic pesticide to

cockroaches in terms of:

A. Elimination time

B. Number of cockroaches killed

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1.4 Hypothesis of the Study

The following hypotheses will be tested to accept or reject the

proposed study on the Feasiblity of Ginger, Cayenne pepper, and Tomato

leaf as effective insecticide to cockroach.

1. Null Hypothesis (Ho). There is no significant difference between

Ginger, Cayenne pepper, and Tomato leaf if they are used as a

pesticide. Because the water will overlap the amount of the said

ingredients

2. Alternative Hypothesis (Ha). There is a significant diference

between Ginger, Cayenne pepper, and Tomato leaf. Assuming

that the researchers added more amount of Ginger, Cayenne

pepper, and Tomato leaf on the pesticide it will be more

effective and it will kill the pest faster.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

Pest controllers are the target participants in this study because it is the

most suitable in answering questions that helps the researchers on their research

topic. The materials needed in this experiment are Ginger, Cayenne pepper,

Tomato leaves, Cockroaches, spray bottles, and, multiple box containers. One

criteria that we have set for our participants is that they should be in their line of

work for 2 more than years. In setting this criteria, it will allow the researchers to
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gather valid personal experiences, and precise knowledge about ineffective

pesticides which results to manifestations of different pests from various pest

controllers.

1.6 Significance of the Study

Community - Considering that the experiment is focused specifically on

cockroaches, this is already significantly effective in removing/eliminating

cockroaches in anyplace. As such the experiment also holds an eco-

friendly, organic and low cost ingredients in which it is a great bonus to the

community. The experiment will surely help the community and will be in

high demand for similar organic products in making an insecticide

(specifically, for cockroaches). Thus, the experiment will surely be applied

in producing safer and easier insecticide for the community to utilize instead

of insecticides that are chemically created using harmful elements.

Students - The significance of this study for the students is that this can be

applied to investigatory projects. Since students may encounter such

events for example; infestation and many more in an institution.

Environment - It contributes a part on being eco-friendly. Since the

experiment is all organic, it is expected to be less harmful to the

environment and can save the environment on being worse. It is clear that

some or most chemical pesticides are harmful for the environment, so this

experiment is a way to push and to prove more that these organic pesticides
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(tomato leaf, cayenne pepper, and ginger) are way better and helpful than

those chemical-based pesticides that can be bought anywhere.

Future researchers - The significance of this study for future researchers

is to help them set up fresh information of how organic products can be

definitely be useful as an insecticide. In view of the fact that similar

experiments have already been previously studied and experimented on by

others, but this still needs to be implemented to other future researchers as

a mean for them to take-in data that may expand their knowledge in the

process of making organic insecticides and how they may use this

experiment to their advantage and think of new ideas to create different

variations of organic insecticide. Upon further researching, they can also

utilize other types of organic ingredients to extensively experiment on and

comprehend information with a view towards organic insecticide. Therefore,

this will help future researchers grasp the procedure for creating new

organic products and how this greatly helps the environment that may

amend future researches and researchers point of view on this experiment.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Term 1. Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum Annum) is a hot chili pepper

in the Capsicum family that is frequently added to dishes to enhance their

flavor and they also have been used medicinally and we chose this because

it can burn the cockroach because of the hotness of the pepper.

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Term 2. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) is a flowering plant whose

rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine.

We used this because of its bitter and slightly spicy taste that it can have an

effect to the insect.

Term 3. Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill

pests, including insects, rodents, fungi and cockroaches . Pesticides are

used in public health to kill vectors of disease, such as mosquitoes, and in

agriculture, to kill pests that damage crops.pesticides are potentially toxic

to other organisms, including humans, and need to be used safely and

disposed of properly.

Term 4. Tomato Leaves - The leaves, stem, and green unripe fruit

of the tomato plant contain small amounts of the alkaloid tomatine, whose

effect on humans has not been studied. They also contain small amounts

of solanine, a toxic alkaloid found in potato leaves and other plants. Tomato

leaves in herbal tea has been responsible for at least in one death
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Conceptual Literature

The study claims that ginger, cayenne pepper and tomato leaf when

mixed together, can create a substitute insecticide as a replacement to the

synthetic ones that will not harm the environment. Each ingredient

contributes to the effectiveness of the insecticide that will be tested to

cockroaches.

TOMATO LEAF

Tomato plants are part of the nightshade family, and as such, contain

alkaloids such as the aptly named "tomatine," which can effectively control

aphids and other insects. Tomato leaves release these alkaloid which repel

and or kills off many harmful insects.

CAYENNE PEPPER

Cayenne pepper has a strong odor. Insects do not like plants with a strong

odor or taste. The capsaicin that gives the pepper its hot flavor is distasteful

to insects.

GINGER

The entire ginger family is rich in oils that both kill micro-critters and

stimulate the immune system to do the same. The ginger is one of the

materials needed to make the organic pesticide. It is chopped and since its
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oils can kill micro-critters it is very useful in killing various insects.and when

tested it is effective on many insects. Just spray directly on the insect and

you will see the results.

2.2 Related Studies

According to a research by Kalia, a grade 8 YNA winner, agricultural

crops are under constant assault by insect pests, making insecticides

essential to reduce losses. Synthetic insecticides such as

organophosphates are important, effective tools in modern crop

management. They made a natural pesticide from Eastern hemlock

(Tsuga canadensis), green chili (Capsicum annuum) and garlic (Allium

sativum). The results showed that garlic and chili peppers are effective to

repel insects. However, the control variables did not have deaths until Day

11, six days after spraying, while all of the other groups had deaths starting

in Days 6-8, two to four days after spraying. The final mortality in the control

group was only 30%, while the other groups had a final mortality of 65% to

95%.

Kalia, 2011.
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RELATED STUDIES (EFFICACY OF HOMEMADE BOTANICAL

INSECTICIDES BASED ON TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE. A REVIEW)

Homemade botanical insecticides are widely used by subsistence

and transitional farmers in low-income countries. Their use is often
driven by the limited availability or cost of commercial pesticides.
Homemade botanical insecticides are often recommended by
agricultural extension services and some development
organizations. However, this could be questioned because scientific
evidence of their efficacy and safety may not be available or
accessible. Although botanicals with insecticidal properties have
been widely studied, a synthesis focusing specifically on homemade
preparations used in realistic field or storage conditions is missing.
In this paper, we review efficacy assessments of botanicals used to
prepare homemade insecticides. This covers twelve botanicals
recommended by national extension partners in 20 countries within
the global agricultural Plantwise program. These are as follows:
garlic (Allium sativum), neem (Azadirachta indica), chili pepper
(Capsicum spp.), Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), mother of
cocoa (Gliricidia sepium), chinaberry (Melia azedarach), moringa
(Moringa oleifera), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), clove basil
(Ocimum gratissimum), tephrosia (Tephrosia vogelii), tree marigold
(Tithonia diversifolia), and bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina). In
conclusion, 12 selected botanicals have the potential to lower
arthropod pest populations or to reduce the losses they cause.
Although synthetic pesticides may often be more effective, all
existing benefit/cost studies support the economic viability of
homemade botanical insecticides.

Julien Dougoud1 & Stefan Toepfer 1 & Melanie Bateman1 & Wade
H. Jenner, 2019
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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

The research is an experimental method . The proposed study will

be conducted by using tests to see the effectiveness of the product as a

substitute for the synthetic or commercial pesticide. There will be five sets

of tests that will be tested out simultaneously (testing all five about the

effectiveness): (1) Using Cayenne Pepper Pesticide, (2) Using Tomato Leaf

Pesticide, (3) Using Ginger Pesticide (4) Using Cayenne Pepper, Tomato

Leaf, and Ginger Pesiticide; all mixed, and (5) Using commercial Pesticide.

3.2 Research Setting

The research setting as well as the sampling site will be held at De

La Salle University - Dasmariñas JHS Science Laboratory.

3.3 Research Procedure

PROCEDURE 1 – MATERIAL ACQUISITION

Gathering of the materials and apparatus needed. The Ginger

(Zingiber officinale), Tomato leaf (Solanum lycopersicum), Cayenne

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pepper (Capsicum annuum), cockroach (Periplaneta americana),

tuperwares, sprays and timer.

PROCEDURE 2 – COLLECTION OF COCKROACH

Cockroaches will be collected by placing a trap/food that attracts

them in a place where it can be usually found and place them in a container

once caught.

PROCEDURE 3 – PULVORIZATION OF CAYENNE PEPPER

For cayenne pepper, chop and crush the pepper just like the other

two variable e to make the strong flavors come out that will be used to kill

the cockroach. The pepper will also be put inside the spray with a little bit

of water.

PROCEDURE 4 – APPLICATION OF ORGANIC PESTICIDE

The researchers will put a cockroach in a container and spray it with a

synthetic insecticide to use it for comparison. The researchers will record the time

of death and the time consumed for the cockroach to be dead. After this, The

researchers will use the other three variables the ginger (Zingiber officinale),

tomato leaf (Solanum lycopersicum), cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum) on the

cockroaches inside the container with a separate container for each variable.

3.4 Data Gathering and Statistical Analysis

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The scent will be a mild but semi strong scent, And it will last

approximately 10 minutes until the cockroach dies. It can be effective but

just in cockroaches and in some small insects. This will be more better than

the store bought ones because it is more natural and inexpensive than the

pesticides that are bought in stores and It can last about 1-2 months.

The following variables will be tested for its effectiveness, how fast it takes

action, by what distance it affects the cockroach, and its significant

differences.

TEST 1 –- Cayenne pepper

TEST 2 –-Tomato leaf

TEST 3 --- Ginger

TEST 4 --- Cayenne pepper, Tomato leaf, and Ginger combined

TEST 5 --- Commercial pesticide

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

ANOVA is a way of analysis of variance. This is used to determine the

statistically significant difference between means of three or more

independent variables or groups.

CITED REFERENCES
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https://www.thespruce.com/homemade-sprays-for-fighting-aphids-

2539831

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/homemade-chili-powder-sprays-

insecticide-86195.html

https://konekroot.com/6-best-recipes-of-natural-pesticide-and-insecticide/

https://www.pan-uk.org/health-effects-of-pesticides/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293275802_Study_on_Homema
de_Bio-Pesticides_and_Organic_Pest_Management_in_Organic_Farming
www.ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2017/Special%20issue%20ICCEIB/1-8.pdf

NAME CONTRIBUTION/S SIGNATURE

(SURNAME ONLY)
Leader: Statement of the problem, Review of

Yadao, Steffi related studies

Alvaro, Lorine Research design, research setting

Babierra, Sophia Background of the study, research

procedure

Dela Cruz, Jamilousel Significance of the study

Lagunday, Mary Claire Conceptual literature

Parado, Gab Definition of terms, data gathering

Tampolino, Charisse Hypothesis

Samilin, Alliyah Scope and limitations, data gathering

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