GEF

A Report on

UNDP-GEF HILLY HYDRO PROJECT

A REPORT ON ZONAL PLAN - Activity

Volume II - THEMATIC MAPS

CHINA

Srinagar
JAMMU & KASHMIR
PAKISTAN

HIMACHAL
PRADESH
CHINA
Shimla

ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
DELHI
NEPAL CHINA
SIKKIM Itanagar
Gangtok
UTTAR PRADESH
ASSAM
Dispur NAGALAND
Lucknow
BIHAR Shilong
MEGHALAYA
Imphal M Y A N A M A R
Patna
BANGLADESH MANIPUR
Agartala
TRIPURA MIZORAM
WEST
INDIA BENGAL
Calcutta
Aizawl

MINISTRY OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

Government of India

July 2001
 A Report on

ZONAL PLAN - Activity Block

Volume II - THEMATIC MAPS

ALTERNATE HYDRO ENERGY CENTRE

University of Roorkee

in collaboration with
Department of Earth Sciences,
Centre for Remote Sensing
and
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

July 2000
 DISCLAIMER
The data used in this report has been generated from
Survey of Indian Toposheets. Some data has also been
collected by the different agencies during preparation
of the report.

Every care has been taken to ensure that the data is

correct, consistent and complete as far as possible.

The constraints of time and resources available,

however do not preclude the possibility of errors,
omissions etc. in the data and consequently in the
report preparation.

Use of the contents of report can be made with due

permission from the Ministry of Non-conventional
Energy Sources, Government of India.
Volume – I : Main Report

PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

SECTION 1 : THE HILLY HYDRO PROJECT IN GEF PORTFOLIO 1

SECTION 2 : ZONAL PLAN ACTIVITY BLOCK 7

2.1 INTRODUCTION 7

2.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 7

2.3 METHODOLOGY 8

2.3.1 Identification of Potential Sites 8

2.3.2 Computation of Available Head 10

2.3.3 Development of Regional and Sub Regional Flow 10

duration curves for ungauged catchments

2.3.4 Hydro Power Potential 10

2.3.5 Application of geographic information system for 10

potential small hydro sites, earthquake epicentre
plotting and clusters identification (vol 2)

2.3.6 Methodology 10

2.4 PREPARATION OF STATE GEOLOGICAL MAPS (VOL 2) 11

2.5 PREPARATION OF VEGETATION COVER MAPS (VOL 2) 11

SECTION 3 : SMALL HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL 13

ANNEXURE I : SHP CLUSTER MAPS

i
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
Volume – II : Thematic Maps

PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

CHAPTER-1 : Geological Studies

1. Explanation of Geological Maps 1

Geological Maps

1. Jammu & Kashmir 5

2. Himachal Pradesh 6
3. Uttar Pradesh 7
4. Bihar State 8
5. Arunachal Pradesh 9
6. Assam 10
7. Manipur 11
8. Meghalaya 12
9. Mizoram 13
10. Nagaland 14
11. Sikkim 15
12. Tripura 16
13. West Bengal 17

CHAPTER-2 : Seismological Studies 18

Seismic Map of India 21

Seismological Maps

1. Jammu & Kashmir 22

2. Himachal Pradesh 23
3. Uttar Pradesh 24
4. Bihar State 25
5. Arunachal Pradesh 26
6. Assam 27
7. Manipur 28
8. Meghalaya 29
9. Mizoram 30
10. Nagaland 31
11. Sikkim 32
12. Tripura 33
13. West Bengal 34

ii
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
CHAPTER-3 : Vegetation Studies

1. Geographic Area, Recorded Forest Cover and

Actual Forest Cover of various States 35
2. Reserved/Protected/Unclassified Forest area 36
3. District wise Forest cover 37
4. Comparative Forest cover (1989-1995 assessment) 41
5. Recorded Forest cove (1987) 42

Vegetation Maps

1. Jammu & Kashmir 43

2. Himachal Pradesh 44
3. Uttar Pradesh 45
4. Bihar State 46
5. Arunachal Pradesh 47
6. Assam 48
7. Manipur 49
8. Meghalaya 50
9. Mizoram 51
10. Nagaland 52
11. Sikkim 53
12. Tripura 54
13. West Bengal 55

iii
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
Volume – III : Regional Flow Duration Models

PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

Preface

Acknowledgement

1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Scope of Study 2

2.0 Review 4

3.0 Data for the Study 7

3.1 Data Requirement 7
3.2 Data Availability 7

4.0 Methodology 11
4.1 Flow Duration Curves for a Gauged Catchment 11
4.2 Effect of Time Interval on Flow Duration Curve 11
4.3 Plotting of Non-Dimensional Flows 13
4.4 Development of Regional Flow Duration Model 17

5.0 Analysis and Results 22

5.1 Model Development 22
5.2 Model Adequacy 32

6.0 Estimation of Dependable Flows for Ungauged Catchments 46

7.0 Discussion 47
7.1 Data Availability 47
7.2 Model Development 48
7.3 Model Application 48

8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 49

8.1 Conclusions 49
8.2 Recommendations 50

REFERENCES 51

APPENDIX I 53
APPENDIX II 59
APPENDIX III 65
APPENDIX IV 145

iv
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
 CHAPTER – 1

GEOLOGICAL STUDIES

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
CHAPTER 1

GEOLOGICAL STUDIES

The Himalaya has drawn the attention of a large number of investigators for over a
century who endeavoured to work out the structural and tectonic patterns in this region. The
results of these investigations have added to the knowledge and understanding of the complex
geology of the Himalayan terrain.

1.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY

The Himalaya is broadly divided into four principal East-West trending linear tectonic
belts on the basis of their characteristic geologic attributes (Shankar et al., 1989, Kumar et al.,
1989). The Karakorum Belt is the Northern most (Table 1.1) which is followed in the south by
the Ophiolitic melange and the plutonic zone of the Indus-Shyok Belt, followed in the south by
the Main Himalayan Belt which has been further sub divided into two viz., Lesser Himalaya
and Higher Himalaya. The Frontal Fold Belt is the Southern most Belt which consists
essentially of the Tertiary rocks of the foreland basin.

On the basis of lithological assemblages, grade of metamorphism, limited radiometric

data, emplacement of granites, presence of diagnostic sedimentary structures and presence of
unconformities, eleven different stacks of sedimentary cycles have been identified (Shankar et
al., 1989).

A brief description of each belt is given below:

1.1.1 FRONTAL FOLD BELT (FFB)

It is the Southern most tectonic belt and is made up essentially of Tertiary and
Quaternary sediments, consisting the Subathu, the Murree and the Siwalik Group rocks overlain
by alluvium. The former three sequences rest on the Proterozoic basement. This belt is
separated from Main Himalayan Belt by tectonic surface known as Murree thrust in Jammu
region, Krol thrust in the Eastern and Western part of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
respectively, and the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)/ Main Boundary Fault (MBF) in parts of
Garhwal and Kumaon in U.P., Nepal, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh (Kumar et al, 1989).

1.1.2 MAIN HIMALAYAN BELT

This is the most complex tectonic belt which occurs between the FFB in the South and
the ISB in the North. It abuts in the east against the Lohit Complex along the Tidding Suture,
whereas in the west it continues upto Pakistan. This belt itself can be divided into two zones
(Shankar et al. 1989) - Lesser Himalayan Zone and Higher Himalayan Zone

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/ Zonal Plan/AHEC/Oct.,1998

1
 TABLE 1.1 THE HIMALAYAN TECTONIC BELTS
(Kumar et al., 1989)

North

Karakorum Belt (KB)

---------------------------------------Shyok Suture----------------------------------------
Indus Shyok Belt (ISB) & Lohi Complex Belt (LCB)
-----------------------------Indus-Tsangpo/Tidding Suture----------------------------
Main Himalayan Belt (MHB)
-----------------------------Main Boundary Thrust/Fault-------------------------------
Frontal Fold Belt (FFB)

South

Lesser Himalayan Zone

The Lesser Himalayan zone is composed of the late Precambrian-Eocene rocks. The
Murree, Krol Thrust, and MBT/MBF marks the Southern boundary with the Frontal Folded
Belt whereas, the Main Central Thrust (MCT) separates it from the Higher Himalaya.

Higher Himalayan Zone

This represents a zone of greatest vertical uplift. The Main Cental Thrust (MCT) marks
the boundary between the Lesser and the Higher Himalaya whereas the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ)
marks the upper boundary. This zone is characterised by low to high grade metamorphic rocks.

1.1.3 INDUS SHYOK BELT

This belt is sandwitched between the Karakoram Belt in the North and the Main
Himalayan Belt in the South. It is essentially made up of early to late Cretaceous to Tertiary
Sediments and associated ultramafic, mafic, intermediate and acid magmatic rocks. However,
imprints of earlier geologic history are also known in parts of this belt. This belt can also be
divided into three Zones (Kumar et. al, 1989) i.e.

i) Zone I - Indus Suture Zone

ii) Zone II - Ladakh Granitoid with Indus Group & Khardung Volcanics

iii) Zone III - Shyok Suture Zone

1.1.4 KARAKORUM BELT

It is the Northern most lithotectonic belt on which very limited information is available.
The Karakorum fault marks its Southern boundary.

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/ Zonal Plan/AHEC/Oct.,1998

2
 EXPLANATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL MAP

GROUP STATE ROCK TYPE

Alluvium Uttar Pradesh Loose sand, Silt, clay mainly soil cover
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Bihar
West Bengal
Assam
Arunachal Pradesh
Meghalaya
Manipur

River Terrace Assam Loose sand and silt with boulder beds
Quaternary Jammu and Kashmir Lacustrine and fluvial silt and clays intercalated with glacial tills
deposits
(Karewas)

Siwaliks Uttar Pradesh Sandstone,Shale, Clay stone, conglomerates, grits, coarse boulders, silt
Himachal Pradesh stones
Jammu and Kashmir
West Bengal
Arunachal Pradesh

Krol Uttar Pradesh Dolomitic and siliceous limestones, conglomerates, dark shales,
Himachal Pradesh siltstones, tillites, black carbonaceous shales and slates with intercalation
of brown quartzites

Shimla Group Uttar Pradesh Bedded and massive limestone, shale and siltstone, greywacke, quartzite
Himachal Pradesh and conglomerates

Shali Group Himachal Pradesh Predominantly carbonate sequence; red shale, siltstone and dolomite with
Jammu and Kashmir local development of salt; quartzite, limestone, cherty dolomite; also
metavolcanics

Lower Tertiary Himachal Pradesh Subhathu Formation (pisolitic laterite, green, grey and red shales
intercalated with thin lenticular bands of sandstone and impure
limestone)
Dagshai Formation (alternate sequence of grey and purple clay and
impure greenish sandstones, shale, siltstone)
Kasauli Formation (alternation of massive pale grey to buff micaceous
sandstones and purple and grey clay and siltstone)
Dharamshala Group (alternation of fine to medium grained grey and
marron sandstone and varigated clay)

Lesser Himalayan Uttar Pradesh Himachal Quartzite-volcanic association, carbonaceous pyritic phyllites, limestones
Foreland Basinal Pradesh Jammu & and shales
Sequence Kashmir

Almora Uttar Pradesh Phyllites, schist and gneisses, mostly metamorphic rocks
Crystallines

Higher Himalayan Uttar Pradesh Himachal Phyllites, schist, gneisses, mostly metamorphic rocks
Crystallines Pradesh Jammu &
(HHC) Kashmir Sikkim
Darjeeling Group West Bengal Phyllites, schist, gneisses, mostly metamorphic rocks

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/ Zonal Plan/AHEC/Oct.,1998

3
Metamorphics Manipur Schist and gneisses, mostly metamorphic rocks
Nagaland
Tertiary Granite Uttar Pradesh Himachal Granite, granite gneiss
Pradesh Jammu &
Kashmir

Proterozoic Himachal Pradesh Granite, granite gneiss

granite

Paleozoic rocks Uttar Pradesh Himachal Fossiliferous rocks including shale, phyllite, siltstones, quartzite,
Pradesh Jammu & limestones, mudstones, slates, dolomites
Kashmir

Kiogarh Exotic Uttar Pradesh Exotic blocks of limestones, serpentinite

block
Tso-Morari Jammu & Kashmir Phyllites, schist, gneisses, mostly metamorphic rocks
Crystallines

Indus-Tsangpo Jammu & Kashmir Volcanic rocks, ophiolitic melange, sandstones, siltstones
Suture Zone

Shyok Suture Jammu & Kashmir Volcanic rocks, ophiolitic melange

Zone

Ophiolite Manipur Oceanic crust (sedimentary and basaltic rocks)

Nagaland

Ladakh Jammu & Kashmir Granite, granodiorite and other plutonic intrusive rocks
Batholithic
Complex

Karakoram Jammu and Kashmir Granite, granodiorite and other plutonic intrusive rocks
Batholithic
Complex

Gondwana Group South Bihar Silty shales, mudstones, fine soft sandstones with a few calcareous
Sikkim bands, boulders beds, tillites, shales, coal measures, sandstones, clay
West Bengal beds, carbonaceous shale

Lingtse Granite Sikkim Granite gnesis

gnesis
Cholahmo Sikkim
Formation

Lachi Formation Sikkim

Everest Sikkim Limestones

Limestones

Everest Formation Sikkim Quartzite, slate, phyllite

Bicham Group Arunachal Pradesh Metamorphic rocks mainly phyllite, schists & gneisses
Basic & Arunachal Pradesh Volcanic rocks of dark colored
Ultrabasic rocks Meghalaya

Granite & Granite Arunachal Pradesh Granite & Granite gneiss

gnesiss Assam
Meghalaya
Bihar

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/ Zonal Plan/AHEC/Oct.,1998

4
Buxa Formation Sikkim Metamorphic rocks mainly quartzite, slate, volcanics, limestone
Dirang Formation Arunachal Pradesh
Sela Group Arunachal Pradesh

Shillong Group Assam Metamorphic rocks mainly phyllite, schsits & gneisses
Meghalaya

Bomdila Group Arunachal Pradesh Metamorphic rocks mainly phyllite, schsits & gneisses
Khasi Group Meghalaya

Sylhet Trap Meghalaya Volcanic rocks with basic composition

Rajmahal Trap South Bihar Volcanic rocks with basic composition

Laterite deposite South Bihar Laterites

Teriary South Bihar
Vindhayans South Bihar Quartzite, conglomerates, limestones, shales, glauconite, sandstones,
shales

Archean Schist South Bihar Metamorphic rocks mainly schists

Archean lava & South Bihar Volcanic rocks with basic composition
basic igneous
intrusions
Basic dykes South Bihar Volcanic rocks with basic composition

Jaintia/Disang Arunachal Pradesh Shales, limestones and sandstones

Group Assam
Meghalaya
Manipur
Nagaland

Barail Group Arunachal Pradesh Sandstones and shales

Assam
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Manipur
Nagaland

Surma Group Arunachal Pradesh Sandstones and shales

Assam
Mizoram
Manipur
Tripura
Nagaland

Tipam Group Assam Sandstones and clays

Meghalaya
Mizoram
Manipur
Tripura
Nagaland

Dupitila Group Tripura Sandstones, clay and conglomerates

Nagaland

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/ Zonal Plan/AHEC/Oct.,1998

5
 GEOLOGICAL MAPS

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
 73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

JAMMU AND KASHMIR

37°
37°
INDEX
Alluvium Siwaliks Shali Belt Tso-Morari Crystalline
N Lesser Himalayan Higher Himalayan Recent Alluvium
sequence Crystallines (HHC) (Karewa) Nanga Parbat Massif
Shyok Suture Zone Karakoram Batholithic Ladakh Batholithic
Atabad (SSZ) Complex (KBC) complex (KBC)
Yasin Indus-Tsangpo Tethyan Sedimentary
Gupis Suture Zone(ITSZ) Zone

Barsat Gakuch
36°
CHINA
Gilgit Kushumul
KB
Chilas
NP CHINA

NU
BR
Gurikota Skardu SH

A
YO Dou

R.
35° K
R.
SS 35°
Z Kataklik LEGEND
Muzaffarabad INBiagdang
DU
S Burtsa Tang Potential Small
R. Hydro Sites
Donlkhar
Kaksar LB Diskit City and Towns
C
International Boundary
Donlkhar State Boundary
Saspol District Boundary
Baramula Leh Barma Drainage
Chushot
34° AN Road
I ST ITS
K SRINAGAR Z 34°
PA

.
Punch

RR
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Anantnag Jarapa Project, MNES

KA
Bardangompa

NS
HHC Zonal Plan -

ZA
PAK I S TAN Gya Identified Potential Sites with
CHE NAB GEOLOGICAL MAP of
Mirpur LH R.
JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE

Riasi Numa National Consultants :

33° TMC Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
University of Roorkee
33°
Kyangtam
Kyangfam with
Udhampur Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
SCALE Jammu HIMACHAL PRADESH (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and
0 85 km
Kathua National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee

73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

 76° 77° 78° 79°

76
HIMACHAL PRADESH
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
J A M MU & K A S H M I R
33° 33°
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites with
N GEOLOGICAL MAP OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH

National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Kyelang University of
22°Roorkee
with 94°
Chamba Department of Earth Sciences
Khoksar Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
Kaja File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Dharamshala
CHINA

32° Jogindernagar 32°

Kullu

Mandi
Hamirpur

Kalpa

Una Rampur Sangla

PUNJAB
Karsog Satluj R.
Bilaspur

SCALE
0 25 km
SHIMLA

31° 31°

INDEX Solan UTTARANCHAL LEGEND

Alluvium Siwaliks Lower Tertiary Potential Small

sequence Hydro Sites
Shali Belt Krol Belt Lesser Himalayan City and Towns
sequence International Boundary
Higher Himalayan Cystallines State Boundary
Shimla Group
(HHC) Proterozoic Granite Nahan District Boundary
Nahan
Drainage
Tertiary Granite Tethyan Sedimentary Zone Road
76° 77° 78° 79°
 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

UTTARANCHAL N UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
HIMACHAL PRADESH
AND Zonal Plan -
81°
UTTAR PRADESH N
Identified Potential Sites with
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF
UTTARANCHAL & UTTAR PRADESH

Yamunotri 31°
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
31°
Gangotri CHINA University of Roorkee
with
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
Uttarkashi Badrinath and
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
Trijugi Joshimath File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee

Gopeshwar
Dehradun
Narendra
nagar Pauri
Rishikesh
SCALE 30°
30° 0 30 60 km
Hardwar
Saharanpur
Roorkee
UTTAR AN C HAL
LEGEND
Ranikhet
Pithoragarh
Almora Potential Small
Muzzafarnagar N E PAL
Hydro Sites 81°
City and Towns
Nainital Internation Boundary
Bijnor State Boundary
District Boundary
Drainage
UTTAR PRAD E S H Road
Railway Line

INDEX 29°

29° Meerut Siwaliks Krol Belt Almora Crystallines

Moradabad Lesser Himalayan Higher Himalayan Crystallines
Shimla Group
sequence (HHC)
Rampur Tethyan Sedimentary Zone Kiogar Exotic Block
Tertiary Granite

77° 79° 80° 81°

 86° 87°
87° 88°

N BIHAR
AND
JHARKHAND
27°

Bettiah N E PAL

Motihari

Gopalganj Madhubani
Muzaffarpur
Siwan Dharbhanga Supaul Kishanganj
26° 26°

UTTAR Saharsa
PRADESH Chhapra Samastipur
Hajipur Purnia
Ara Katihar
PATNA Begusarai
WEST
Bihar Sharif Munger BENGAL
BIHAR Bhagalpur
25°
25° Sasaram
Aurangabad Nawada
Gaya

Dumka
Giridih

24°
Daltenganj Hazaribad 24°

° SCALE
Dhanbad
0 25 50 km

RANCHI
MAD HYA
PRADESH W E S PURULIA
T BENGAL
JHARKHAND
23° 23°

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
LEGEND
Chaibasa
Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
BIHAR STATE&
City and Towns JHARKHAND
LEGEND State Boundary
District Boundary
National Consultants :
DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
22°
Potential Small Road 22°
Hydro Sites University of Roorkee
City and Towns with95°
ORISSA Department of Earth Sciences
International Boundary
State Boundary Centre for Remote Sensing
District Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
Drainage and
Road National Institute of Hydrology,
Railway Line Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
INDEX

Alluvium Laterite deposits Tertiary deposits Rajmahal Traps Gondwana Group

Granite,granite gneiss Archean Schists Archean Iava &basic

Vindhyan Supergroup with associated rocks (Iron-ore Series igneous intrusive Basic dykes
&Kolhan Series rocks
84° 85° 86° 87° 88°
 92° 93° 94° 95° 97°
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
CHINA
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro 29°
29° Project, MNES

Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
CHINA Anini
N
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
University of Roorkee
with
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and Pasighat
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
28° File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee Daporiji

Karimgaon Tezu

Ziro

Seppa

Bomdila ITANAGAR
B H UTAN
MYAN MAR
27° 27°
Khonsa SCALE
ASSAM NAGALAN D 0 25 km
LEGEND

Potential Small INDEX °

Hydro Sites Surma Group Barail Group Jaintia/disang Group Bicham Group
City and Towns Alluvium
International Boundary Granite & granite
State Boundary Basic rocks Dirang Formation Sela Group Bomdila group
gneiss
District Boundary
Drainage Bomdila Formation
Road

92° 93° 94° 95° 96° 97°

 90° 91° 92° 93° 94° 95° 96°

ASSAM
28° 28°

N
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
INDEX
Chapakhowa
R.
Alluvium River Terrace Tipam Group Surma Group pu tra
hama
Dhemaji Bra

Barail Group Jaintia /Disang Group Bomdila Formation Shillong Group Granite

52
Dibrugarh Tinsukia

NH
hiDihin
Bur g R.
B H UTAN North
27° Lakhimpur Sibsagar 27°

Jorhat 37
NH
NH 52
WEST
BENGAL Golaghat
Tezpur NAGALAN D
Mangaldai
Kokrajhar Nagaon
Nalbari
Barpeta
GUWAHATI Marigaor
Goalpara

39
NH
Dhuburi 26°
26°
Dispur
NH 36

Diphu

M E G HALAYA
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES

Zonal Plan -
Haflong Identified Potential Sites
ASSAM STATE
25° 25°
Karimganj National Consultants :
MANIPUR Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Silchar
LEGEND BAN G LAD E S H University of Roorkee
with
Potential Small
Hydro Sites
Department of Earth Sciences
Hailakandi SCALE Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns 0 45 km
International Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
TRIPURA MIZORAM
90° 91° 92° 93° 94° 95° 96°
 93° 94°

N
MANIPUR NAGALAN D

R.

.
Ther R
iye
Tadubi

Lan
39
NH
Chingai

Karong
ASSAM
Tamei Kangpokpi
Tousem Ukhrul
l R.
Iri
.
kR

Tamenglong Saikul 25°

na
Bu

Tuyungbi R.
R.
R.

ing
kru

Irv

Jiribam IMPHAL Kamjong

Ma

NH 53 Phungyar
Nungba Kasom
Khullen
Bishnupur Thoubal
Moirang Kakehing
Henglep
NH MAYAN MAR
39 Tengnoupal

Thanlon Chura
Tuiva Chandpur Chandel
i R.
Hmongzungkai
Chakpikarong
al R.

Thinghat
Imph

24°
24°
MIZORAM

MAYAN MAR
SCALE
INDEX 0 25 km
Alluvium Tipam Group Jaintia Group

Surma Group Barail Group Metamorphic UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
LEGEND
Ophiolite
Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
MANIPUR STATE
City and Towns
State Boundary
LEGEND District Boundary
National Consultants :
DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
Potential Small Road
University of Roorkee
Hydro Sites with95°
City and Towns Department of Earth Sciences
International Boundary Centre for Remote Sensing
State Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
93° 94°
 90° 91° 92°
N
MEGHALAYA
ASSAM 26°
26°

NH 40
AI
HN
IS
51

KR
NH
SHILLONG
WILLIAM NAGAR
TURA
JOWAI MANIPUR
NONGSTOIN

NH 4
0
JA
DU
KA
TA

BAN G LAD E S H 25°

25°

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

INDEX Project, MNES
LEGEND
Alluvium Tipam Group Barail Group Jaintia/Disang Group Sylhet Trap
Zonal Plan -
Potential
Identified Small Sites
Potential
Basic & ultrabasic rocks Granites Khasi Group Shillong Group Granite & gneisses Hydro Sites STATE
MEGHALAYA
City and Towns
State Boundary
National Consultants :
LEGEND District Hydro
Alternate Boundary
Energy Centre
Drainageof Roorkee
University
Potential Small Road
with
Hydro Sites Department of Earth Sciences
95° for Remote Sensing
Centre
City and Towns
International Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary SCALE and
District Boundary 0 National Institute of Hydrology,
25 km
Roorkee
Drainage
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Road
90° 91° 92°
 93°
MIZORAM
N

NH 54
TRIPURA

Kolasib MANIPUR

Tuwawi
24° 24°
Mamit
Cutur

AIZAWL
Dhales

Champhai
wari

23° 23°
Tlabung
INDEX
NH 54 Tipam Group
Lunglei MYANAMAR
Ph

BAN G LAD E S H Surma Group

aira

Barail Group
ng

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
SCALE
Lawnglai
Zonal Plan -
0 16 32 km Identified Potential Sites
MIZORAM STATE
Saiha National Consultants :
LEGEND Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
University of Roorkee
Potential Small with 22°
Department94° of Earth Sciences
Hydro Sites
City and Towns Centre for Remote Sensing
International Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
22° 22°
92° 93°
27° 93° 94° 95° 27°

NAGALAND ARUNACHAL
PRADESH

N
Mon

ASSAM

Mokochung

INDEX MYAN MAR

Metamorphies Ophiolite Belt Jaintia/Disang Group (BURMA)
Tuensang

R.
Barail Group Surma Group Tipam Group

ng
yu
Dupitila Group

Di
26° Wokha
26°
Zunheboto
LEGEND

Potential Small
Hydro Sites UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
City and Towns Project, MNES
International Boundary LEGEND
State Boundary Zonal PlanSmall
-
District Boundary KOHIMA Potential
Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
Drainage NAGALAND STATE
Road Phek City and Towns
State Boundary
District Boundary
National Consultants :
DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
Road
University of Roorkee
with95°
Department of Earth Sciences
MANIPUR Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
SCALE and
0 25 km National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
93° 94° 95°
 88° 10' 88° 20' 88° 30' 88° 40' 88° 50'

SIKKIM
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
CHINA
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites bo Chh
u
SIKKIM STATE Chhom

National Consultants :
27° 27°
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre 60'
60'

R.
University of Roorkee

ta
with

Tis
Department of Earth Sciences

u
22°

h
Ch
Centre for94°
Remote Sensing

ya
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)

gk
and

n
Do
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
27° 27°
50' 50'

N E PAL Kunchenjunga Lachen

Monastery
27° 27°
40' 40'

Ti
sta
R.
CHINA

Kodyong
27° 27°
30' 30'
Mangan

Shampung

Dhupidanda Dikchu
Chhanggu Natula
Yaksam Lingi

27° Kupup
20' GANGTOK
Rabang
Mangkha
Uttare Gezing Yagang Bara Pathing Lungthung
Dentam
Damthang Pademchen
Mayong Pakyong Machong
Temi
Bhasme Rangli
Ra
ng

Bhareng Rhenok
it R

Soreng Namthang
.

27° 27°
Namchi R.
10' Sombare a 10'
st
Manjhitar Ti
Sumbuk
Naya
Bazar
SCALE Great R
angit R
. Melli Bazar
0 4.25 8.5 km

WEST BENGAL
LEGEND
27°
00'
INDEX Potential Small
Lingtse Granite Hydro Sites
Buxa Formation gneiss Everest Limestone City and Towns
International Boundries
Gondwana Group Cholahmo Formation Everest Formation State Boundary
Higher Himalayan Drainage
Daling Formation Lachi Formation crystallines Road
88° 10' 88° 20' 88° 30' 88° 40' 88° 50'
 92° 91°
N
TRIPURA

Dharmanagar
Kailashahar

44
MIZORAM

NH
Kamalpur
BAN G LAD E S H

Kumarghat

Khowai

Deo R.
24° 24°

NH 44

AGARTALA
Gunamanipara

Udaipur

Sonamura
Amarpur
Gu
m
ti R
.

Belonia BAN G LAD E S H

SCALE
0 15 km

BAN G LAD E S H
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
INDEX
23°
Sabruin Zonal Plan - 23°
Dupitila Group Tipam Group
Identified Potential Sites
TRIPURA STATE
Surma Group
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
LEGEND University of Roorkee
with
Potential Small Department of Earth Sciences
Hydro Sites Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
International Boundary and
State Boundary
District Boundary
National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
91° 92°
 87° 88° 89° 90°

WEST BENGAL N

SIKKIM
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Kalimpong
Darjiling
Project, MNES
27° B H UTAN 27°
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
WEST BENGAL STATE Siliguri
Jalpaiguri Alipur Duar ASSAM
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre Matabhanga
University of Roorkee Islampur Koch Bihar Tufan
with Mekhliganj Ganj
Department of Earth Sciences Dinhata
26° Ti 26°
Centre for Remote Sensing st
a
R.
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and BAN G LAD E S H
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
Raiganj
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Gang
a R. Balurghat
BIHAR Ingraj
25° Bazar 25°

INDEX
Alluvium Siwalik Group Gondwana Group
Daling Group Darjeeling Group
Jangipur
Ga
ng
aR
.
Lalbag
Rampur
24° Baharampur 24°
Hat
Siuri Kandi
Asansol
Katoya Hu
gl
BAN G LAD E S H
iR
.
Krishnanagar

Puruliya Bankura Bardman

Ranaghat
Bishnupur
23° Bangaon 23°
Arambag Chunchura
JHARKHAND Chandannagar
Barakpur
Ghatal
LEGEND
Hawrah SCALE
Jhargram Kolkata 0 50 km
Potential Small Medinipur Alipur
Hydro Sites
City and Towns Tamluk Ulubariya
International Boundary
Coast Line
State Boundary Diamond
22° 22°
District Boundary Harbour
Drainage
Road Kanthi
Railway Line
Special Reference
Koch Bihar (W.B)
Rangpur(bangladesh)
BAY OF BENGAL
86° 87° 88° 89° 90°
 CHAPTER - 2

SEISMOLOGICAL STUDIES

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA

The Seismic Zoning Map of India, as incorporated in the Indian

Standards Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (IS: 1893-
1984, Fourth Revision, issued in 1988), divides the country into five
Seismic Zones. These Zones have been designated as Seismic Zone I, II, III,
IV, and V, as shown in Figure 2.1. The Seismic Zoning Map of India has
been prepared based on known magnitudes and known epicentres of
earthquakes, geologic and tectonic set up, lithology and maximum
intensities as recorded from damage surveys, etc. The map takes into
account past history and future probabilities.

The northern, northwestern and northeastern parts of India along

with Kutch and Kathiawar regions are known to be geologically unstable.
Some of the most devastating earthquakes have occurred in these regions.
Some strong earthquakes have also occurred in the Peninsular region. The
Seismicity Map of India shows greater concentration of earthquake
epicentres all along the Himalayan arc and the adjacent Indo-Gangetic
plain. Elsewhere the concentration of epicentres is not so pronounced.

The object of the Seismic Zoning Map is to classify the area of the
country into zones in which one may reasonably expect earthquake
generated ground motion of more or less than the same intensity in future.
The Modified Mercalli Intensity broadly associated with various zones is V
or less, VI, VII, VIII, and IX and above for Seismic zones, I, II, III, IV and
V, respectively. The maximum seismic ground acceleration expected in a
given zone in the event of a future earthquake cannot be predicted with
reasonable accuracy either on a deterministic or probabilistic basis. Each
Seismic Zone has been characterised by a Basic Horizontal Seismic
Coefficient and a Seismic Zone Factor (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1 Values of Basic Horizontal Seismic Coefficients and

Seismic Zone Factors in Different Zones

Seismic Zone Basic Horizontal Seismic Zone Factor

Coefficient
I 0.08 0.40
II 0.05 0.25
III 0.04 0.20
IV 0.02 0.10
V 0.01 0.05

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/Zonal Plan/AHEC 18

 All structures will normally experience more severe ground motion
than the one envisaged in the seismic coefficients specified for a given
zone. However, in view of the energy absorbing capacity available in
inelastic range, ductile structures will be able to withstand ground shaking
of higher intensity without much damage.

The earthquake forces experienced by a structure depends on its own

dynamic characteristics in addition to those of the ground motion. Response
spectrum method takes into account these characteristics. In the static
approach use of a seismic coefficient is adopted.

In Seismic Coefficient Method the design value of horizontal

seismic coefficient αh, is computed as given by the following :

αh = βIαo

where β is a coefficient depending upon the soil-foundation system : I. A

factor depending on the importance of the structure and αo, the basic
horizontal seismic coefficient.

In Response Spectrum Method the response acceleration coefficient is first

obtained for the natural period and damping of the structure and the design
value of horizontal seismic coefficient is computed using the following
expression :

αh = β IFo Sa/g

where β and I are the same as in Seismic Coefficient Method, F is the

Seismic Zone Factor and Sa/g is the average acceleration coefficient as read
from Figure 2 for appropriate period and damping of the structure.

2.1 SEISMICITY MAPS

The seismicity maps presented show epicentres of all earthquakes for

which data is available from earliest times to the end of 1995 and which
have occurred within the state and its immediate neighbourhood, alongwith
lines separating different seismic zones passing through the state.

The earthquake data for preparing these maps was obtained from
United States Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Center,
Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. which has one of the most comprehensive data
bank on seismic events on global basis. All relevant information about all
the known earthquakes, instrumentally recorded for mentioned in historical
documents within the area of interest has been used for preparing these

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/Zonal Plan/AHEC 19

maps. State of the art software developed at the Department of Earth
Sciences for searching and extracting seismic data in the region under
investigation have been used. These data have been superimposed on the
map of the state on the appropriate scale. The Seismic Zoning lines were
then superimposed on the seismicity maps. By the use of advanced GIS
software the seismicity map can be superimposed on another map showing
other data, e.g., river courses, sites of river valley projects, etc. The
information which can be derived from these maps is of great value to an
investigator interested in earthquake resistant design of small and large
structures.

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/Zonal Plan/AHEC 20

 68° 72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92° 96°

36° 36°

SEISMIC MAP OF INDIA

SRINAGAR

32° 32°

MANDI
AMRITSAR
LUDHYANA SHIMLA
CHANDIGARH
PATIALA
AMBALADEHRADUN
ROORKEE
NAINITAL
28° 28°
DELHI DIBRUGARH
BAREILLY ITANAGAR
BIKANER GANGTOK
BAHRAICH JORHAT
JAIPUR AGRA DARJEELING
LUCKNOW GORAKHPUR
GAUHATI KOHIMA
AJMER KANPUR
JODHPUR SHILLONG
BARAUNI
VARANASI
ALLAHABAD
PATNA
JHANSI IMPHAL 24°
24° UDAIPUR
GAYA
AGARTALA
BOKARO ASANSOL
BHUJ
GANDHINAGAR BHOPAL DURGAPUR AIZAWL
RANCHI
AHMADABAD JAMSHEDPUR
DWARKA
RAJKOT CALCUTTA
VADODARA
VIRAVAL
SURAT
20° SILVASSA 20°
NAGPUR
BHUBANESHWAR
NASIK
AURANGABAD
JABBALPUR GOPALPUR
BOMBAY PUNE

RATNAGIRI HYDERABAD VIJAYWADA 16°

16°

BALGAUM
KURNOOL
PANJI

MACHILIPATNAM
LEGEND
ANDA
CHITRADURGA
MAN

BANGALORE ZONE I
MADRAS 12°
12° MANGALORE ZONE II
AND NICOB

MYSORE
ZONE III
ZONE IV
TIRUCHCHIRAPPALLI ZONE V
COIMBATORE
AR IS

NAGAPPATTINAM
LAKSHAWDEEP
COCHIN
L AN

MADURAI
DS

8° 8°
TRIVANDRUM

72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92°

The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate
base line.
Responsibility for the correctness of internal details show on the maps rest with the publisher.
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India.

(Ref. IS : 1893 - 1984, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures

(fourth revision) Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi, 1986

Fig. 1 Seismic Zoning Map of India

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project/Zonal Plan/ AHEC/ Oct.,1998

21
 SEISMOLOGICAL MAPS

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
 73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

JAMMU AND KASHMIR UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
37°
Zonal Plan - 37°
Identified Small Hydro Potential Sites
with Seismic Zones and Earthquake
N Epicenter Locations
JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE
CHINA
Yasin Atabad
National Consultants :
Gupis Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Barsat Gakuch University of Roorkee
Gilgit with 36°
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
Kushumul (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and
Chilas National Institute of Hydrology,
Gurikota Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Dou
35°
35°
Biagdang Kataklik
Burtsa Tang CHINA
SEISMIC ZONES
Kaksar Diskit ZONE I
Muzaffarabad Donlkhar ZONE II
ZONE III
Baramula Saspol ZONE IV
Leh Barma ZONE V

34°
SRINAGAR Chushot
34°
Punch Jarapa SCALE
Anantnag 0 85 km
Bardangompa Gya
PAK I S TAN
Mirpur
LEGEND
Riasi Numa Small Hydro
33° Potential Site
Major Earthquakes 33°
Kyangtam Earthquakes with less
Udhampur than 7.0 magnitude
City and Towns
Jammu HIMACHAL PRADESH International Boundary
State Boundary
Kathua District Boundary
Drainage
Road

73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

 76° 77° 78° 79°

Ch
en
HIMACHAL PRADESH J A M MU & K A S H M I R

ab
R.
33° 33°

Kyelang
Chamba
7.1
Khoksar

8.0

Dharamshala Kaja
CHINA

32° Jogindernagar 7.0 32°

Kullu

SEISMIC ZONES
ZONE I
ZONE II Mandi
Hamirpur
ZONE III
ZONE IV
ZONE V
PUNJAB Kalpa

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Una Rampur Sangla

Project, MNES ba
r
Karsog Pa Satluj R.
Bilaspur
Zonal Plan - SCALE
Potential Sites with Seismic 0 25 km
Zones and Earthquake Epicenters
Locations SHIMLA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
31° 31° LEGEND 31°
National Consultant :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre Small Hydro
Solan UTTARANCHAL Potential Sites
University of Roorkee
Major Earthquakes
with Earthquakes with less
Department of Earth Sciences than 7.0 magnitude
Centre for Remote Sensing City and Towns
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering) International Boundary
and State Boundary
District Boundary
National Institute of Hydrology, Nahan Drainage
Roorkee Road
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee Railway line
76° 77° 78° 79°
 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

UTTARANCHAL N UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
HIMACHAL PRADESH 93°

AND Zonal Plan -

Identified Potential Sites with
UTTAR PRADESH .
in R Seismic Zones and Earthquake
Sup Epicenter Locations
UTTARANCHAL & UTTAR PRADESH
Yamunotri 31°

R.
National Consultant :

thi
31°
CHINA Alternate Hydro Energy Centre

Alak
Gangotri

ira
sR
University of Roorkee

ag
with

R.
nan
To

Bh
Department of Earth Sciences

ga
7.0 Centre for Remote Sensing
Uttarkashi Badrinath (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)

da R

an
SEISMIC ZONES Trijugi and

lig
ZONE I National Institute of Hydrology,

au
Joshimath

.
ZONE II Roorkee

Dh
ZONE III File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
ZONE IV
ZONE V
R. Gopeshwar
Dehradun
a

Go
un
m

rig
Ya

Narendranagar

an

Dh
Pauri

ga

au
Rishikesh 7.7

lig. a
R.
30°

nga
30°
Saharanpur Hardwar SCALE
0 30 60 km

R.
Roorkee
UTTAR AN C HAL
R.
a
g Ranikhet
n
ga
Muzzafarnagar
Ram Almora
Pithoragarh N E PAL
Nainital
Bijnor

UTTAR PRAD E S H LEGEND

Small Hydro
Potential Site
Major Earthquakes
Earthquakes with less
than 7.0 magnitude 29°
Meerut City and Towns
29° International Boundary
State Boundary
Moradabad District Boundary
Drainage
Rampur Road
Railway line

77° 79° 80° 81°

 84° 85° 86° 87° 88°

N BIHAR
8.0
AND
JHARKHAND
27° 27°

Bettiah N E PAL

Motihari
8.3
8.4
Gopalganj Madhubani
Muzaffarpur Dharbhanga
Siwan Supaul Kishanganj
26° 26°

UTTAR Saharsa
PRADESH
Chhapra Samastipur
Hajipur Purnia
Ara Katihar
PATNA Begusarai
Munger WEST
Bihar Sharif BENGAL
BIHAR Bhagalpur
25°
Sasaram
Gaya Nawada

Aurangabad

Dumka
Giridih
Daltenganj
24° Hazaribad 24°

Dhanbad

Ranchi
MAD HYA WEST BENGAL
PRADESH JHARKHAND
23° 23°
23°

Chaibasa

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

SCALE Project, MNES
22° LEGEND 22°
0 25 50 km
Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
ORISSA Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
BIHAR STATE
City and Towns& JHARKHAND
State Boundary
District Boundary
National Consultants :
LEGEND
DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
Road
University of Roorkee
Small Hydro
Potential Sites with95°
Major Earthquakes Department of Earth Sciences
Earthquakes with less
than 7.0 magnitude Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns SEISMIC ZONES (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
ZONE I
District Boundary
Drainage
ZONE II National Institute of Hydrology,
ZONE III
Road ZONE IV
Roorkee
Railway line ZONE V File : C-101 July2001 Roorkee
84° 85° 86° 87° 88°
 92° 93° 94° 95° 97°
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
CHINA

29°
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro 29°
Project, MNES

Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites CHINA N
ARUNACHAL PRADESH Anini
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
University of Roorkee
with
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
28° File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Daporiji Karimgaon
Pasighat Tezu

Ziro

Seppa
Bomdila
B H UTAN ITANAGAR
27°
27°
Khonsa
LEGEND MYAN MAR
Small Hydro ASSAM
Potential Sites
Major Earthquakes NAGALAN D
Earthquakes with less
than 7.0 magnitude
City and Towns SEISMIC ZONES
International Boundary ZONE I
State Boundary ZONE II SCALE
District Boundary
Drainage
ZONE III
ZONE IV
0 25 km
Road ZONE V

92° 93° 94° 95° 96° 97°

 90° 91° 92° 93° 94° 95° 96°

ASSAM
28° 28°

7.0 7.0 N

Chapakhowa
ARUNACHAL PRADESH a R.
aputr
ham
Dhemaji Bra

52
Dibrugarh Tinsukia

NH
hiDihin
Bur g R.
B H UTAN North
27° Lakhimpur Sibsagar 27°

Jorhat 37
NH
NH 52
WEST
BENGAL Golaghat
Tezpur NAGALAN D
Mangaldai
Nagaon
Nalbari
Kokrajhar Barpeta
GUWAHATI Marigaor

39
Dispur
Goalpara

NH
Dhuburi 8.7 26°
26°
7.06
NH 36

7.1
Diphu

M E G HALAYA 7.0
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
SEISMIC ZONES
Project, MNES
ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III 7.1 Zonal Plan -
ZONE IV 7.3 Identified Potential Sites
ZONE V Haflong 7.2
ASSAM STATE
8.0
25° 25°

LEGEND Karimganj National Consultants :

MANIPUR Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Small Hydro Silchar
Potential Sites BAN G LAD E S H University of Roorkee
Major Earthquakes with
Earthquakes with less 7.6 7.5
Department of Earth Sciences
than 7.0 magnitude Hailakandi SCALE Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns 0 45 km (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
International Boundary 7.4
and
State Boundary 7.25 7.5 National Institute of Hydrology,
District Boundary
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
MIZORAM 7.4
TRIPURA
90° 91° 92° 93° 94° 95° 96°
 93° 94°

N
MANIPUR NAGALAN D

R.

.
Ther R
iye
Tadubi

Lan
39
NH
Chingai
Karong
ASSAM
Tamei
Tousem Kangpokpi Ukhrul
l R.
Iri
.
kR

Tamenglong 25°
na

Saikul
Bu

Tuyungbi R.
R.
R.

Kamjong
ing
kru

Irv

Jiribam
Ma

IMPHAL
Phungyar
NH 53

Nungba Kasom
Bishnupur
Khullen
Thoubal

Moirang
Henglep Kakehing

NH MAYAN MAR
39 Tengnoupal

Thanlon Chura
Tuiva Chandpur Chandel
i R.
Hmongzungkai
Chakpikarong
al R.

Thinghat
Imph

24°
24°
MIZORAM

MAYAN MAR

SCALE
0 25 km UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
LEGEND
Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
MANIPUR STATE
City and Towns
LEGEND State Boundary
Small Hydro District Boundary
National Consultants :
Potential Site DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
Road
University of Roorkee
Major Earthquakes
Earthquakes with less with95°
than 7.0 magnitude Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns SEISMIC ZONES
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary ZONE I and
District Boundary ZONE II
National Institute of Hydrology,
ZONE III
Drainage ZONE IV Roorkee
Road ZONE V File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
93° 94°
 90° 91° 92°

MEGHALAYA N

ASSAM
8.7
26° 7.0

NH 40
AI
7.1

HN
IS
51

KR
NH
SHILLONG
WILLIAM NAGAR
TURA JOWAI MANIPUR
NONGSTOIN

NH 4
0
JA
DU
KA
7.1 TA

BAN G LAD E S H 25°

25°
SCALE UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
0 25 km Project, MNES
LEGEND
Zonal Plan -
Potential
Identified Small Sites
Potential
Hydro Sites STATE
MEGHALAYA
City and Towns
LEGEND
State Boundary
National Consultants :
Small Hydro District Hydro
Boundary
Alternate Energy Centre
Potential Site Drainageof Roorkee
University
Major Earthquakes Road
with
Earthquakes with less
Department of Earth Sciences
than 7.0 magnitude 95° for Remote Sensing
Centre
City and Towns SEISMIC ZONES (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
International Boundary
ZONE I and
State Boundary
ZONE II National Institute of Hydrology,
District Boundary ZONE III Roorkee
Drainage ZONE IV File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Road ZONE V

90° 91° 92°

92°
MIZORAM N

NH 54
7.25
TRIPURA

Kolasib MANIPUR

Tuwawi
24° 24°
Mamit
Cutur

AIZAWL
Dhales

Champhai
wari

23° 23°
Tlabung
SEISMIC ZONES
NH 54 ZONE I
Lunglei MYANAMAR ZONE II
Ph

BAN G LAD E S H ZONE III

aira

ZONE IV
ZONE V
SCALE
ng

0 16 32 km UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
Lawnglai
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
MIZORAM STATE
LEGEND
National Consultants :
Small Hydro Saiha Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Potential Sites University of Roorkee
Major Earthquakes with 22°
Earthquakes with less 94° of Earth Sciences
Department
than 7.0 magnitude
International Boundary Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
22° 22°
92°
93°
27° 93° 94° 95° 27°

NAGALAND ARUNACHAL
PRADESH

7.0 N
7.2

Mon

Mokochung
ASSAM
MYAN MAR
(BURMA)
SEISMIC ZONES
Tuensang

R.
ZONE I

ng
ZONE II

yu
ZONE III

Di
ZONE IV
ZONE V
7.06 Wokha
26° 26°
Zunheboto
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
LEGEND
Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
LEGEND Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
Small Hydro NAGALAND STATE
City and Towns
Potential Sites State Boundary
Major Earthquakes KOHIMA District Boundary
National Consultants :
Earthquakes with less DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
than 7.0 magnitude Phek Road
City and Towns University of Roorkee
International Boundary with95°
State Boundary Department of Earth Sciences
District Boundary Centre for Remote Sensing
Drainage (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
Road and
MANIPUR National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
SCALE File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
0 25 km
7.3
7.2
93° 94° 95°
 88° 10' 88° 20' 88° 30' 88° 40' 88° 50'

SIKKIM
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
CHINA
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites bo Chh
u
SIKKIM STATE Chhom

National Consultants :
27° 27°
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre 60'
60'

. R
University of Roorkee

ta
with

Tis
Department of Earth Sciences

hu
22°

Ch
Centre for94°
Remote Sensing

kya
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)

ng
and

Do
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
27° 27°
50' 50'

N E PAL Kunchenjunga Lachen

Monastery
27° 27°
40' 40'

Ti
sta
R.
CHINA

27° Mangan Kodyong 27°

30' 30'

Shampung

Dhupidanda
Dikchu Chhanggu Natula
Yaksam Lingi

27° GANGTOK Kupup

20'

Gezing Rabang
Mangkha
Uttare Yagang Bara Pathing Lungthung
Dentam

Mayong Machong Pademchen

Pakyong
Damthang
Temi
Ra

Bhasme Rangli
ng
it R

Rhenok
.

Bhareng Soreng Namchi Namthang

27° 27°
10' Sombare R. 10'
a
st
Ti
Manjhitar Sumbuk
Naya
Bazar Melli Bazar LEGEND
Great R
ancit R Small Hydro
.
Potential Sites
Major Earthquakes
No Earthquake Greater WEST BENGAL
Earthquakes with less
than 7 Magnitude exists.
than 7.0 magnitude
27° International Boundary
00' SEISMIC ZONES City and Towns
ZONE I State Boundary
SCALE ZONE II
ZONE III District Boundary
0 4.25 8.5 km
ZONE IV Drainage
ZONE V Road
88° 10' 88° 20' 88° 30' 88° 40' 88° 50'
 92° 91°
N
TRIPURA
7.6 7.5

Dharmanagar
Kailashahar

44
NH
MIZORAM
Kamalpur
BAN G LAD E S H

Kumarghat

Khowai

Deo R.
24° 24°

NH 44

AGARTALA
Gunamanipara

Udaipur
Sonamura
Amarpur
Gu
m
ti R SEISMIC ZONES
.
ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III
ZONE IV
Belonia ZONE V

BAN G LAD E S H
BAN G LAD E S H
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES

23°
Sabruin Zonal Plan - 23°
Identified Potential Sites
SCALE TRIPURA STATE
0 15 km

National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
LEGEND
Small Hydro
University of Roorkee
Potential Sites with
Major Earthquakes Department of Earth Sciences
Earthquakes with less
than 7.0 magnitude
Centre for Remote Sensing
International Boundries (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
City and Towns and
State Boundary
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
91° 92°
 87° 88° 89° 90°

WEST BENGAL N

SIKKIM
Kalimpong
Darjiling
27° B H UTAN 27°

8.25
Siliguri
Jalpaiguri Alipur Duar ASSAM
Matabhanga
Islampur Koch Bihar Tufan
Mekhliganj Ganj
Ti Dinhata
26° st 26°
a
R.
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro BAN G LAD E S H
Project, MNES

Zonal Plan - Raiganj

Identified Potential Sites
WEST BENGAL STATE Gang
a R. Balurghat

National Consultants : Ingraj

25° Alternate Hydro Energy Centre Bazar 25°
University of Roorkee
with
BIHAR
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and
National Institute of Hydrology, Jangipur Ga
ng
aR
Roorkee Lalbag . BAN G LAD E S H
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee Rampur
24° Baharampur 24°
Hat
Siuri Kandi
SEISMIC ZONES
Asansol
Hu ZONE I
Katoya gl ZONE II
iR
. ZONE III
Krishnanagar ZONE IV
ZONE V
Puruliya Bankura Bardman
Ranaghat Major Earthquakes
Bishnupur Earthquakes with less
23° Bangaon than 7.0 magnitude
23°
Arambag Chunchura
JHARKHAND Chandannagar
Barakpur
Ghatal
LEGEND
Hawrah SCALE
Jhargram KOLKATA 0 50 km
Potential Small Medinipur Alipur
Hydro Sites
City and Towns Tamluk Ulubariya
International Boundary
Coast Line
State Boundary Diamond
22° 22°
District Boundary Harbour
Drainage
Road Kanthi
Railway Line
Special Reference
Koch Bihar (W.B)
Rangpur(bangladesh)
BAY OF BENGAL
86° 87° 88° 89° 90°
--

CHAPTER - 3

VEGETATION STUDIES

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
 TABLE 3.1 : GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, RECORDED FOREST COVER AND
ACTUAL FOREST COVER OF VARIOUS STATES ( IN SQ KM)

S. States/UTs Geog. Recorde % of Actual % of % of Actual

No. Area d forest Reco. Forest Actual to Recorded
area forest forest forest area
to to
Geog. Geog.
area area

1. Arunachal 83621 51540 61.64 68621 81.9 133.14

Pradesh

2 Assam 78438 30708 39.15 24061 30.7 78.35

3 Bihar 173877 29226 16.81 26561 15.3 90.88

4 Himachal 55673 35407 63.69 12501 22.4 35.31

Pradesh

5. Jammu & 222235 20182 9.08 20433 9.2 101.24

Kashmir

6. Manipur 22327 15154 67.87 17558 78.6 115.86

7 Meghalaya 22429 9496 42.34 15714 70.1 165.48

8 Mizoram 21081 15935 75.59 18576 88.1 116.57

9 Nagaland 16579 8629 52.04 14291 86.2 165.62

10 Sikkim 7096 2650 37.34 3127 44.1 118.00

11 Tripura 10486 6292 60.01 5538 52.8 88.00

12 Uttar Pradesh 294411 51663 17.54 33986 11.5 65.78

13 West Bengal 88752 11879 13.38 8276 9.3 69.67

(Source : The State of Forest Report : 1995 - Forest survey of India, Dehradun)

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

 TABLE 3.2 : RESERVED/PROTECTED/UNCLASSED FOREST AREA (IN SQ KM)

S. States/UTs Reserved Protected Unclassed Total Actual

No. Forest Forest Forest Forest

1. Arunachal 15321 8 36211 51540

Pradesh

2 Assam 18242 3934 8532 30708

3 Bihar 5051 24168 7 29226

4 Himachal 1896 31473 2038 35407

Pradesh

5. Jammu & 20182 -- -- 20182

Kashmir

6. Manipur 1463 4171 9520 15154

7 Meghalaya 981 12 8503 9496

8 Mizoram 7127 3568 5240 15935

9 Nagaland 86 507 8036 8629

10 Sikkim 2261 285 104 2650

11 Tripura 3588 509 2196 6293

12 Uttar Pradesh 36425 1499 13739 51663

13 West Bengal 7054 3772 1053 11879

(Source : The state of forest Report : 1995 - Forest survey of India, Dehradun)

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

 TABLE 3.3 : DISTRICTWISE FOREST COVER (IN SQ KM)

S. State/UTs Geog. Forest Cover Total Percent Scrub

No. District area forest
cover to
Geograp
hic area

Dense Open Mangr

Forest Forest ove

1 ARUNACHAL PRADESH

i Dibang Valley 13029

ii Kameng East 4134

iii Kameng west 9594

iv Lohit 11402 54176 14445 -- 6821 81.94 354

v Siang East 6512

vi Siang West 12006

vii Subansiri 7032

Upper

viii Subansiri 13010

ix Tirap 7024

2 ASSAM

i Cachar 6923

ii Darrang 8805

iii Golapara 10301 13905 7851 -- 21756 38.35 604

iv Kamrup 9847

v Karbi Anglong 10434

vi Nowgong 5535

vii North Cachar 4888

viii Dibrugarh 7170 1095 155 -- 1250 17.43 6

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

ix Lakhimpur 5514 278 78 -- 356 6.46 1

x Sibsagar 9021 416 283 -- 699 7.75 12

3 BIHAR

i Hazariabagah 11165 2449 2335 -- 4784 42.85 202

ii Palamu 12749 2690 2121 -- 4811 37.74 415

iii Ranchi 18266 2096 2421 -- 4517 24.73 214

iv Singhbhum 13440 3083 1519 -- 4602 34.24 248

4 HIMACHAL PRADESH

i Bilaspur 1167 49 108 - 157 13.45 11

ii Chamba 6528 1767 293 - 2060 31.55 202

iii Hamirpur 1118 151 72 - 223 19.95 4

iv Kangra 5739 1071 673 - 1744 30.39 119

v Kinnaur 6401 547 82 - 629 9.83 716

vi Kullu 5503 1911 133 - 2044 37.14 37

vii Lahaul Spiti 13835 49 34 - 83 0.60 262

viii Mandi 3950 848 461 - 1309 33.14 81

ix Shimla 5132 2094 331 - 2425 47.25 176

x Sirmaur 2825 740 279 - 1019 36.07 119

xi Solan 1936 164 254 - 418 21.59 91

xii Una 1540 174 216 - 390 25.32 27

5. JAMMU & KASHMIR

i Anantnag 7201 1476 716 - 2192 30.44 202

ii Baramula 9319 1675 817 - 2492 26.74 167

iii Chilas 4226 180 554 - 734 17.37 556

iv Gilgit 34896 10 149 - 159 0.46 739

v GGilgitwazart 4376 17 165 - 182 4.16 192

vi Jammu 2972 298 446 - 744 25.03 130

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

vii Kathua 2651 413 661 - 1074 40.51 -

viii Ladakh 120827 - 20 - 20 0.02 108

6. MEGHALAYA

i Garo Hills 2603 4045 11669

(East)

ii Garo Hills 5564 4045 11669

(West)

iii Khasi Hills 5196 4045 11669 - 15714 70.06 816

(East)

iv Khasi Hills 5247 4045 11669

(West)

v Jaintia Hills 3819 4045 11669

7. MIZORAM

i Aizwal 12588 4281

14295

ii Chhimtuipui 3957 4281 -- 18576 88.12 1070

iii Lunglei 4536 4281

8. NAGALAND

i Kohima 4041 1471 1845 - 3316 82.03 10

ii Mon 1786 377 1226 - 1603 89.75 32

iii Mokokchung 1615 169 1237 - 1406 87.06 15

iv Phek 2026 308 1489 - 1797 88.70 7

v Thensang 4228 780 2822 - 3602 85.19 21

vi Wokha 1628 316 1161 - 1477 90.72 19

vii Zumheboto 1255 66 1024 - 1090 86.85 16

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

 9. SIKKIM

i Sikkim North 4226

ii Sikkim South 750

iii Sikkim East 954 2424 703 - 3127 44.07 437

iv Sikkim West 1166

10. TRIPURA

i North Tripura 3872

1819 3719 - 5538 52.81 138

ii South Tripura 3581

iii West Tripura 3033

11. UTTAR PRADESH

i Almora 5385 2076 461 - 2537 47.11 21

ii Chamoli 9125 2530 622 -- 3152 3454 22

iii Dehradun 3088 1243 327 -- 1570 50.84 90

iv Garhwal 5440 2207 969 -- 3176 58.38 115

v Nainital 6794 2926 642 -- 3568 52.52 5

vi Pithoragarh 8856 2188 808 -- 2996 33.83 141

vii Tehri Garhwal 4421 1911 749 -- 2560 57.90 132

viii Uttar Kashi 8016 2634 465 -- 3099 38.66 41

12. WEST BENGAL

i Darjeeling 3149 1091 357 -- 1448 45.98 1

ii Jalpaiguri 6227 1414 164 -- 1578 25.34 4

(Source : The state of Forest Report : 1995 - Forest survey of India, Dehradun)

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

TABLE 3.4: COMPARATIVE FOREST COVER
(1989-1995 ASSESSMENT)

S. Name of Stat/UTs 1989 1995 Real Change (1989-95)

No. Assessment Assessment

in sq
km
%
1 Arunachal Pradesh 68763 68621 142 .206

2 Assam 26058 24061 1997 7.66

3 Bihar 26934 26561 373 1.38

4 Himachal Pradesh 13377 12501 876 6.54

5 Jammu & Kashmir 20424 20433 -9 -0.04

6 Manipur 17885 17558 327 1.8

7 Meghalaya 15690 15714 -24 -0.15

8 Mizoram 18178 18576 -398 -2.18

9 Nagaland 14356 14291 65 0.45

10 Sikkim 3124 3127 -3 -0.09

11 Tripura 5325 5538 -213 -4.0

12 Uttar Pradesh 33844 33986 -142 -0.41

13 West Bengal 8394 8276 118 1.40

(Source : The state of Forest Report : 1995 - Forest Survey of India- Dehradun)

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

 RECORDED FOREST COVER (1987)

S. States/UTs Geog. forest % of Reco. Population Geog. Area in

No. Area area forest to Hect. per capita
2 2
(km) (km) Geog. area (1981)

1. Arunachal 83580 51540 61.7 631839 8.15

Pradesh

2 Assam 78520 30708 39.1 19896843 0.15

3 Bihar 173880 29230 16.8 69914734 0.04

4 Himachal 55670 21325 38.3 4280818 0.50

Pradesh

5. Jammu & 222240 20892 9.9 5987389 0.34

Kashmir

6. Manipur 22360 15155 67.8 1420953 1.07

7 Meghalaya 22490 8514 37.9 1335819 0.64

8 Mizoram 21090 15935 75.5 493757 3.2

9 Nagaland 16530 8625 52.2 774930 1.11

10 Sikkim 7300 2650 36.3 316384 0.83

11 Tripura 10480 6280 60.2 2053058 0.31

12 Uttar Pradesh 294411 51269 17.4 110862013 0.05

13 West Bengal 87850 11879 13.5 54580647 0.02

(Source : The state of Forest India. 1987 - Forest Survey of India, Dehradun)

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan

 VEGETATION MAPS

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Project-Zonal Plan AHEC, DES, CRS & NIH, India
 73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

JAMMU AND KASHMIR UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

Project, MNES
37°
37°
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE
N
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Yasin Atabad
CHINA University of Roorkee
Gupis with
Gakuch Department22°of Earth Sciences
Barsat
Centre for94°
Remote Sensing
Gilgit (Deptt. of Civil Engineering) 36°
and
Kushumul National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
Chilas File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Gurikota

Dou
35°
35°
Biagdang Kataklik
Burtsa Tang CHINA

Kaksar Diskit
Muzaffarabad Donlkhar
Baramula Saspol
Leh Barma
34°
SRINAGAR Chushot
34°
Punch Jarapa
Anantnag SCALE
Bardangompa Gya 0 85 km
PAK I S TAN
Mirpur
Numa LEGEND
Riasi
33° Forest Cover
(Source: FSI, Dehradun) 33°
Kyangtam Potential Small
Udhampur Hydro Sites
Jammu City and Towns
HIMACHAL PRADESH International Boundary
State Boundary
Kathua District Boundary
Drainage
Road
73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°
 76° 77° 78° 79°

Ch
HIMACHAL PRADESH

en
J A M MU & K A S H M I R

ab
R.
33° 33°

Kyelang
Chamba
Khoksar

Dharamshala Kaja
CHINA

Jogindernagar 32°
32°

Kullu

Mandi
Hamirpur
PUNJAB

Kalpa
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES Una Rampur Sangla
a r
Zonal Plan - Karsog Pab
Satluj R.
Forest Cover Map Bilaspur
HIMACHAL PRADESH SCALE
0 25 km
SHIMLA
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre 31°
31°
University of Roorkee LEGEND
with Solan UTTARANCHAL Forest cover
Department of Earth Sciences (Source : FSI, Dehra Dun)

Centre for Remote Sensing Potential SHPs

(Deptt. of Civil Engineering) City and Towns
and International Boundary
National Institute of Hydrology, State Boundary
District Boundary
Roorkee
Nahan Drainage
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee Road
Railway Line
76° 77° 78° 79°
 77° 78° 79° 80° 81°

UTTARANCHAL N UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

HIMACHAL PRADESH Project, MNES
AND Zonal Plan -
UTTAR PRADESH .
in R
Identified Potential Sites
Sup
UTTARANCHAL & UTTAR PRADESH

Yamunotri National Consultants : 31°

R.
31° Alternate Hydro Energy Centre

thi
University of Roorkee
CHINA

Alak
Gangotri

ira
sR
with

ag
Department of Earth Sciences

R.
nan
To

Bh
Centre for Remote Sensing

ga
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
Uttarkashi Badrinath and

da R

an
Trijugi National Institute of Hydrology,

lig
Roorkee

au
Joshimath

.
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee

Dh
Gopeshwar
R.
Dehradun
a

Go
un
m

rig
Ya

Narendranagar

an

Dh
Pauri

ga

au
Rishikesh

lig. a
R.
30°

nga
30°
Saharanpur Hardwar

R.
Roorkee
UTTAR AN C HAL
R.
a
g Ranikhet
n
ga SCALE
Muzzafarnagar
Ram Almora
Pithoragarh 0 30 60 km
N E PAL
Nainital
Bijnor
LEGEND
UTTAR PRAD E S H
Forest Cover
Source: FSI, Dehradun
Potential Small
81°
Hydro Sites
City and Towns 29°
Meerut Internation Boundary
29°
State Boundary
Moradabad District Boundary
Drainage
Rampur Road
Railway Line

77° 79° 80° 81°

 84° 85° 86° 87° 88°

N BIHAR N

AND
JHARKHAND
27° 27°

Bettiah N E PAL

Motihari

Gopalganj Madhubani
Muzaffarpur
Siwan Dharbhanga Supaul Kishanganj
26° 26°

UTTAR Saharsa
Chhapra Samastipur
PRADESH Hajipur Purnia
Ara Katihar
PATNA Begusarai
Munger WEST
Bihar Sharif BENGAL
BIHAR Bhagalpur
25°
Sasaram
Gaya Nawada

Aurangabad

Dumka
Giridih
Daltenganj
24° Hazaribad 24°

Dhanbad

Ranchi
MAD HYA WEST BENGAL
PRADESH JHARKHAND
23° 23°

Chaibasa

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

SCALE
Project, MNES
22° 0 25 50 km LEGEND 22°

ORISSA Zonal PlanSmall

Potential -
Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
BIHAR STATE&
City and Towns JHARKHAND
LEGEND State Boundary
District Boundary
National Consultants :
Forest Cover DrainageHydro Energy Centre
(Source FSI, Dehradun) Alternate
Road
University of Roorkee
Potential Small
Hydro Sites with95°
City and Towns Department of Earth Sciences
International Boundary Centre for Remote Sensing
State Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
District Boundary and
Drainage National Institute of Hydrology,
Road Roorkee
Railway Line 84° File87°: C-101 July 2001 88°
Roorkee
85° 86°
 92° 93° 94° 95° 97°
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
CHINA
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro 29°
29° Project, MNES

Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
CHINA Anini
N
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
University of Roorkee
with
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and Pasighat
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
28° File : C-101 July2001 Roorkee
Daporiji Karimgaon
Tezu

Ziro

Seppa

B H UTAN Bomdila ITANAGAR

27° 27°
Khonsa
LEGEND MYAN MAR
ASSAM
Forest Cover NAGALAN D
(Source:FSI,Dehradun)
Potential Small
Hydro Sites
City and Towns
International Boundary
State Boundary SCALE
District Boundary
Drainage 0 25 km
Road
92° 93° 94° 95° 96° 97°
 90° 91° 92° 93° 94° 95° 96°

ASSAM
28° 28°

N
Chapakhowa
ARUNACHAL PRADESH a R.
aputr
ham
Dhemaji Bra

52
Dibrugarh Tinsukia

NH
hiDihin
Bur g R.
B H UTAN North
27° Lakhimpur Sibsagar 27°

Jorhat 37
NH
NH 52
WEST
BENGAL Golaghat
Tezpur NAGALAN D
Mangaldai
Kokrajhar Nagaon
Nalbari
Barpeta
GUWAHATI Marigaor
Goalpara

39
Dispur

NH
Dhuburi 26°
26°

NH 36

Diphu

M E G HALAYA
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES

Zonal Plan -
Haflong Identified Potential Sites
ASSAM STATE
25° 25°
LEGEND Karimganj National Consultants :
MANIPUR Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Silchar
Forest Cover BAN G LAD E S H University of Roorkee
(Source: FSI,Dehradun)
Potential Small
with
Hydro Sites Department of Earth Sciences
City and Towns Hailakandi SCALE Centre for Remote Sensing
International Boundary 0 45 km (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101July 2001 Roorkee
TRIPURA MIZORAM
90° 91° 92° 93° 94° 95° 96°
 93° 94°

N
MANIPUR NAGALAN D

R.

.
Th e r R
iye
Tadubi

Lan
39
NH
Chingai
Karong
ASSAM
Tamei
Tousem Kangpokpi Ukhrul
.
Iril R
.
kR

Tamenglong 25°
na

Saikul
Bu

Tuyungbi R.
R.
R.

Kamjong
ing
kru

Irv

Jiribam
Ma

IMPHAL
Phungyar
NH 53

Nungba Kasom
Bishnupur
Khullen
Thoubal

Moirang
Henglep Kakehing

NH MAYAN MAR
39 Tengnoupal

Thanlon Chura
Tuiva Chandpur Chandel
i R.
Hmongzungkai
Chakpikarong
al R.

Thinghat
Imph

24°
24°
MIZORAM

MAYAN MAR

SCALE
0 25 km UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
LEGEND
Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
LEGEND MANIPUR STATE
City and Towns
State Boundary
Forest Cover District Boundary
National Consultants :
(Source: FSI, Dehradun) DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
Potential Small Road
University of Roorkee
Hydro Sites with95°
City and Towns Department of Earth Sciences
International Boundary Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee

93° 94°
 90° 91° 92°

MEGHALAYA N

ASSAM 26°
26°

NH 40
AI
HN
IS
51

KR
NH
SHILLONG
WILLIAM NAGAR
TURA JOWAI MANIPUR
NONGSTOIN

NH 4
0
JA
DU
KA
TA

BAN G LAD E S H 25°

25°

SCALE UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

0 25 km Project, MNES
LEGEND
Zonal Plan -
Potential
Identified Small Sites
Potential
Hydro Sites STATE
MEGHALAYA
LEGEND City and Towns
State Boundary
National Consultants :
Forest Cove District Hydro
Alternate Boundary
Energy Centre
(Source: FSI,Dehradun)
Drainage
University of Roorkee
Potential Small Road
with
Hydro Sites
Department of Earth Sciences
City and Towns 95° for Remote Sensing
Centre
International Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
90° 91° 92°
92°
MIZORAM
N

NH 54
TRIPURA

Kolasib MANIPUR

Tuwawi
24° 24°
Mamit
Cutur

AIZAWL
Dhales

Champhai
wari

23° 23°
Tlabung
NH 54
Lunglei MYANAMAR
Ph

BAN G LAD E S H
aira
n
g

UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro

SCALE Lawnglai Project, MNES
0 16 32 km
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
MIZORAM STATE
Saiha
LEGEND National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Forest Cover University of Roorkee
(Source:FSI,Dehradun)
Potential Small with 22°
Department94° of Earth Sciences
Hydro Sites
City and Towns Centre for Remote Sensing
International Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
22° 22°
92°
93°
27° 93° 94° 95° 27°

NAGALAND ARUNACHAL
PRADESH

N
Mon

Mokochung
ASSAM
MYAN MAR
(BURMA)
Tuensang

R.
ng
yu
Di
26° Wokha
26°
Zunheboto
LEGEND

Forest Cover
(Source: FSI,Dehradun)
Potential Small UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Hydro Sites Project, MNES
LEGEND
City and Towns
International Boundary KOHIMA Zonal PlanSmall
Potential -
State Boundary Identified Potential Sites
Hydro Sites
District Boundary Phek NAGALAND STATE
City and Towns
Drainage State Boundary
Road District Boundary
National Consultants :
DrainageHydro Energy Centre
Alternate
Road
University of Roorkee
with95°
Department of Earth Sciences
MANIPUR Centre for Remote Sensing
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
SCALE and
0 25 km National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
93° 94° 95°
 88° 30'
88° 30' 88° 40'
88° 10' 88° 20' 88° 50'

SIKKIM
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES
CHINA
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites bo Chh
u
SIKKIM STATE Chhom

National Consultants :
27° 27°
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre 60'
60'

R.
University of Roorkee

ta
with

Tis
Department of Earth Sciences

u
22°

h
Ch
Centre for94°
Remote Sensing

ya
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)

gk
and

n
Do
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
27° 27°
50' 50'

N E PAL Kunchenjunga Lachen

Monastery
27° 27°
40' 40'

Ti
sta
R.

CHINA

27° Mangan Kodyong 27°

30' 30'

Shampung

Dhupidanda
Dikchu Chhanggu Natula
Yaksam Lingi

27° GANGTOK Kupup

20'

Gezing Rabang
Mangkha
Uttare Yagang Bara Pathing Lungthung
Dentam

Mayong Machong Pademchen

Pakyong
Damthang
Temi
Ra

Bhasme Rangli
ng
it
R.

Bhareng Soreng Namchi Namthang Rhenok

27° 27°
10' Sombare R. 10'
a
st
Ti
Manjhitar Sumbuk
Naya
Bazar Melli Bazar
Great R
ancit R
.
LEGEND

WEST BENGAL Forest Cover

(Source: FSI,Dehradun)
Potential Small
27°
Hydro Sites
00'
City and Towns
International Boundries
SCALE State Boundary
0 4.25 8.5 km Drainage
Road

88° 10' 88° 20' 88° 30' 88° 40' 88° 50'
 92° 91°

N
TRIPURA

Dharmanagar

44
NH
Kailashahar MIZORAM
Kamalpur
BAN G LAD E S H

Kumarghat

Khowai

Deo R.
24° 24°

NH 44

AGARTALA

Gunamanipara

Udaipur
Sonamura
Amarpur
Gu
m
ti R
.

Belonia

BAN G LAD E S H
BAN G LAD E S H
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro
Project, MNES

23° SCALE Sabruin Zonal Plan - 23°

0 15 km
Identified Potential Sites
TRIPURA STATE

National Consultants :
LEGEND
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Forest Cover University of Roorkee
(Source: FSI, Dehradun) with
Potential Small Department of Earth Sciences
Hydro Sites
Centre for Remote Sensing
City and Towns
International Boundary (Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
State Boundary and
District Boundary National Institute of Hydrology,
Drainage Roorkee
Road File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
91° 92°
 87° 88° 89° 90°

WEST BENGAL N

SIKKIM
UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Kalimpong
Darjiling
Project, MNES
27° B H UTAN 27°
Zonal Plan -
Identified Potential Sites
WEST BENGAL STATE Siliguri
Jalpaiguri Alipur Duar ASSAM
National Consultants :
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre Matabhanga
University of Roorkee Islampur Koch Bihar Tufan
with Mekhliganj Ganj
Department of Earth Sciences Dinhata
26° Ti 26°
Centre for Remote Sensing st
a
R.
(Deptt. of Civil Engineering)
and BAN G LAD E S H
National Institute of Hydrology,
Roorkee Raiganj
File : C-101 July 2001 Roorkee
Gang
a R. Balurghat
Ingraj
25° Bazar 25°

BIHAR

Jangipur
Ga
ng
aR
.
Lalbag
Rampur
24° Baharampur 24°
Hat
Siuri Kandi
Asansol
Katoya Hu
gl BAN G LAD E S H
iR
.
Krishnanagar

Puruliya Bankura Bardman

Ranaghat
Bishnupur
23° Bangaon 23°
Arambag Chunchura
JHARKHAND Chandannagar
Barakpur
Ghatal
LEGEND
Hawrah SCALE
Jhargram Kolkata 0 50 km
Forest Cover Medinipur Alipur
(Source: FSI,Dehradun)
Potential Small Tamluk Ulubariya
Hydro Sites
City and Towns
International Boundary Diamond
22° Coast Line 22°
Harbour
State Boundary
District Boundary Kanthi
Drainage
Road
Railway Line
Special Reference
Koch Bihar (W.B)
Rangpur(bangladesh) BAY OF BENGAL
86° 87° 88° 89° 90°