Professional Documents
Culture Documents
d. A.H. 40 / A.D. 661 A.H. 386–411 / A.D. 996–1021 al-Salih Isma'il (2nd reign)
Hasan al-Zahir A.H. 637–43 / A.D. 1239–1245
d. ca. A.H. 49 / A.D. 669 A.H. 411–427 / A.D. 1021–1036 al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (2nd
Husayn al-Mustansir reign)
d. A.H. 61 / A.D. 680 A.H. 427–487 / A.D. 1036–1094 A.H. 643–47 / A.D. 1245–1249
'Ali Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musta'li al-Mu'azzam Turan Shah
d. A.H. 94 / A.D. 712 A.H. 487–495 / A.D. 1094–1101 A.H. 647–48 / A.D. 1249–1250
Muhammad al-Baqir al-Amir al-Nasir Salah al-Din II
d. A.H. 113 / A.D. 731 A.H. 495–524 / A.D. 1101–1130 A.H. 648–58 / A.D. 1250–1260
Ja'far al-Sadiq [interregnum] Ayyubid
d. A.H. 148 / A.D. 765 A.H. 524–525 / A.D. 1130–1131 Dynasty (Aleppo)
Musa al-Kazim al-Hafiz A.H. 579–658 / A.D. 1183–1260
d. A.H. 183 / A.D. 799 A.H. 525–544 / A.D. 1131–1149 al-'Adil I
'Ali al-Rida al-Zafir A.H. 579–582 / A.D. 1183–1186
d. A.H. 203 / A.D. 818 A.H. 544–549 / A.D. 1149–1154 al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din
Muhammad al-Jawad al-Fa'iz A.H. 582–613 / A.D. 1186–1216
d. A.H. 220 / A.D. 835 A.H. 549–555 / A.D. 1154–1160 al-'Aziz Ghiyath al-Din
'Ali al-Hadi al-'Adid A.H. 613–634 / A.D. 1216–1237
d. A.H. 254 / A.D. 868 A.H. 555–567 / A.D. 1160–1171 al-Nasir Salah al-Din II
Hasan al-'Askari Ayyubid A.H. 634–658 / A.D. 1237–1260
d. A.H. 260 / A.D. 874 Dynasty (Egypt) Ayyubid Dynasty
Muhammad al-Mantazar A.H. 564–650 / A.D. 1169–1252 (Mayyafariqin, Sinjar)
d. ca. A.H. 264 / A.D. 878 Salah al-Din (Saladin) A.H. 581–658 / A.D. 1185–1260
Egypt A.H. 564–589 / A.D. 1169–1193 Ayyubid Dynasty (Ba'lbakk)
Tulunid Dynasty al-'Aziz A.H. 568–658 / A.D. 1172–1260
A.H. 254–292 / A.D. 868–905 A.H. 589–595 / A.D. 1193–1198 Ayyubid Dynasty (Hama)
Ahmad ibn Tulun al-Mansur A.H. 574–732 / A.D. 1178–1332
A.H. 254–270 / A.D. 868–884 A.H. 595–596 / A.D. 1198–1200 Ayyubid Dynasty (Hims)
Khumarawayh al-'Adil I A.H. 574–661 / A.D. 1178–1272
A.H. 270–282 / A.D. 884–896 A.H. 596–615 / A.D. 1200–1218 Ayyubid Dynasty (Yemen)
Jaysh al-Kamil A.H. 569–626 / A.D. 1174–1229
A.H. 282–283 / A.D. 896 A.H. 615–635 / A.D. 1218–1238 al-Mu'azzam Shams al-Din Turan
Harun al-'Adil II Shah
A.H. 283–292 / A.D. 896–905 A.H. 635–637 / A.D. 1238–1240 A.H. 569–577 / A.D. 1174–1181
Shayban al-Salih Ayyub al-'Aziz Zahir al-Din Tughtigin
A.H. 292 / A.D. 905 A.H. 637–647 / A.D. 1240–1249 A.H. 577–593 / A.D. 1181–1197
Ilkhshidid Dynasty Turan Shah Mu'izz al-Din Isma'il
A.H. 323–358 / A.D. 935–969 A.H. 647–648 / A.D. 1249–1250 A.H. 593–598 / A.D. 1197–1202
Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ashraf II al-Nasir Ayyub
A.H. 323–334 / A.D. 935–946 A.H. 648–650 / A.D. 1250–1252 A.H. 598–611 / A.D. 1202–1214
Unujur Ayyubid al-Muzaffar Sulayman
A.H. 334–349 / A.D. 946–960 Dynasty (Damascus) A.H. 611–612 / A.D. 1214–1215
'Ali A.H. 582–658 / A.D. 1186–1260 al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din
A.H. 349–355 / A.D. 960–966 al-Afdal A.H. 612–626 / A.D. 1215–1229
Kafur A.H. 582–92 / A.D. 1186–1196 Ayyubid Dynasty (Hisn Kayfa
A.H. 355–357 / A.D. 966–968 al-'Adil I and Amid)
Ahmad A.H. 592–615 / A.D. 1196–1218 A.H. 629–9th c. / A.D. 1232–15th
A.H. 357–358 / A.D. 968–969 al-Mu'azzam c.
Fatimid A.H. 615–24 / A.D. 1218–1227 Mamluk
Dynasty al-Nasir Salah al-Din Da'ud Dynasty (Bahri)
A.H. 297–567 / A.D. 909–1171 A.H. 624–26 / A.D. 1227–1229 A.H. 648–792 / A.D. 1250–1390
'Ubaydullah al-Mahdi al-Ashraf Shajar al-Durr
A.H. 297–322 / A.D. 909–934 A.H. 626–34 / A.D. 1229–1237 A.H. 648 / A.D. 1250
al-Qa'im al-Salih Isma'il (1st reign) Aybak
A.H. 322–334 / A.D. 934–946 A.H. 634–35 / A.D. 1237–1238 A.H. 648–655 / A.D. 1250–1257
al-Mansur al-Kamil 'Ali
A.H. 334–341 / A.D. 946–953 A.H. 635 / A.D. 1238 A.H. 655–657 / A.D. 1257–1259
al-Mu'izz al-'Adil II Qutuz
A.H. 341–365 / A.D. 953–975 A.H. 635–36 / A.D. 1238–1239 A.H. 657–658 / A.D. 1259–1260
al-'Aziz al-Salih Isma'il Najm al-Din Baybars I
A.H. 365–386 / A.D. 975–996 Ayyub (1st reign) A.H. 658–676 / A.D. 1260–1277
al-Hakim A.H. 636–37 / A.D. 1239 Baraka Khan
Muslim History by Muhmmad Ali 2019
A.H. 676–678 / A.D. 1277–1280 Faraj (2nd reign) A.H. 1296–1309 / A.D. 1879–
Salamish A.H. 808–815 / A.D. 1405–1412 1892
A.H. 678 / A.D. 1280 al-'Adil al-Musta'in 'Abbas II Hilmi
Qala'un A.H. 815 / A.D. 1412 A.H. 1309–1333 / A.D. 1892–
A.H. 678–689 / A.D. 1280–1290 al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh 1914
Khalil A.H. 815–824 / A.D. 1412–1421 Husayn Kamil
A.H. 689–693 / A.D. 1290–1294 al-Muzaffar Ahmad A.H. 1333–1335 / A.D. 1914–
al-Nasir Muhammad (1st reign) A.H. 824 / A.D. 1421 1917
A.H. 693–694 / A.D. 1294–1295 Tatar Ahmad Fu'ad I
Kitbugha A.H. 824 / A.D. 1421 A.H. 1335–1355 / A.D. 1917–
A.H. 694–696 / A.D. 1295–1297 al-Salih Muhammad 1936
Lajin A.H. 824–825 / A.D. 1421–1422 Faruq
A.H. 696–698 / A.D. 1297–1299 Barsbay A.H. 1355–1371 / A.D. 1936–
al-Nasir Muhammad (2nd reign) A.H. 825–841 / A.D. 1422–1437 1952
A.H. 698–708 / A.D. 1299–1309 Yusuf Fu'ad II
Baybars II A.H. 841–842 / A.D. 1437–1438 A.H. 1371–1372 / A.D. 1952–
A.H. 708–709 / A.D. 1309 al-Zahir Jaqmaq 1953
al-Nasir Muhammad (3rd reign) A.H. 842–857 / A.D. 1438–1453 Arabian Peninsula
A.H. 709–741 / A.D. 1309–1340 'Uthman Ziyadid Dynasty
Abu Bakr A.H. 857 / A.D. 1453 A.H. 204–409 / A.D. 819–1018
A.H. 741–742 / A.D. 1340–1341 Inal Ya'furid Dynasty
Kujuk A.H. 857–865 / A.D. 1453–1461 A.H. 247–387 / A.D. 861–997
A.H. 742–743 / A.D. 1341–1342 al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad Qaramita Dynasty
Ahmad A.H. 865 / A.D. 1461 A.H. 281–5th century / A.D. 894–
A.H. 743 / A.D. 1342 Khushqadam 11th century
Isma'il A.H. 865–872 / A.D. 1461–1467 Zuray'id Dynasty
A.H. 743–746 / A.D. 1342–1345 Bilbay A.H. 476–569 / A.D. 1083–1173
Sha'ban I A.H. 872 / A.D. 1467–1468 Najahid Dynasty
A.H. 746–747 / A.D. 1345–1346 Timurbugha A.H. 412–551 / A.D. 1021–1156
Hajji I A.H. 872 / A.D. 1468 Mahdid Dynasty
A.H. 747–748 / A.D. 1346–1347 al-Ashraf Qayitbay A.H. 554–569 / A.D. 1159–1173
al-Nasir al-Hasan (1st reign) A.H. 872–901 / A.D. 1468–1496 Sulayhid Dynasty (Yemen)
A.H. 748–752 / A.D. 1347–1351 al-Nasir Muhammad A.H. 439–532 / A.D. 1047–1138
Salih A.H. 901–903 / A.D. 1496–1498 'Ali ibn Muhammad
A.H. 752–755 / A.D. 1351–1354 Qansuh A.H. 439–459 / A.D. 1047–1067
al-Nasir al-Hasan (2nd reign) A.H. 903–905 / A.D. 1498–1500 al-Mukarram Ahmad
A.H. 755–762 / A.D. 1354–1361 Janbalat A.H. 459–477 / A.D. 1067–1084
al-Mansur Muhammad A.H. 905–906 / A.D. 1500–1501 al-Mukarram 'Ali
A.H. 762–764 / A.D. 1361–1363 al-'Adil Tuman Bay A.H. 477–484 / A.D. 1084–1091
Sha'ban II A.H. 906 / A.D. 1501 al-Mansur Saba'
A.H. 764–778 / A.D. 1363–1376 Qansuh al-Ghawri A.H. 484–492 / A.D. 1091–1099
al-Mansur 'Ali A.H. 906–922 / A.D. 1501–1517 al-Sayyida Arwa
A.H. 778–783 / A.D. 1376–1382 al-Ashraf Tuman Bay A.H. 492–532 / A.D. 1099–1138
al-Salih Hajji II A.H. 922 / A.D. 1517 Hamdanid Dynasty (San'a')
A.H. 783–784 / A.D. 1382 Muhammad 'Ali Dynasty A.H. 492–569 / A.D. 1098–1173
[Barquq] A.H. 1220–1372 / A.D. 1805– Ayyubid Dynasty: see above
[A.H. 784–791 / A.D. 1382–1389] 1953 under Egypt, Ayyubid Dynasty
Hajji II (2nd reign) Muhammad 'Ali (Yemen)
A.H. 791 / A.D. 1389 A.H. 1220–1264 / A.D. 1805– Rasulid Dynasty (Yemen)
Mamluk 1848 A.H. 626–858 / A.D. 1229–1454
Dynasty (Circassian [Burji]) Ibrahim al-Mansur 'Umar I
A.H. 784–922 / A.D. 1382–1517 A.H. 1264 / A.D. 1848 A.H. 626–647 / A.D. 1229–1250
Barquq (1st reign) 'Abbas I al-Muzaffar Yusuf I
A.H. 784–791 / A.D. 1382–1389 A.H. 1264–1270 / A.D. 1848– A.H. 647–694 / A.D. 1250–1295
[Hajji I] 1854 al-Ashraf 'Umar II
[A.H. 791–792 / A.D. 1389–1390] Sa'id A.H. 694–696 / A.D. 1295–1296
Barquq (2nd reign) A.H. 1270–1280 / A.D. 1854– al-Mu'ayyad Da'ud
A.H. 792–801 / A.D. 1390–1399 1863 A.H. 696–721 / A.D. 1296–1322
Faraj (1st reign) Isma'il al-Mujahid 'Ali
A.H. 801–808 / A.D. 1399–1405 A.H. 1280–1296 / A.D. 1863– A.H. 721–764 / A.D. 1322–1363
al-Mansur 'Abd al-'Aziz 1879 al-Afdal al-'Abbas
A.H. 808 / A.D. 1405 Tawfiq A.H. 764–778 / A.D. 1363–1377
Muslim History by Muhmmad Ali 2019
A.H. 266–318 / A.D. 879–930 al-Amir al-Mu'ayyad 'Abd al-Malik A.H. 388–403 / A.D. 998–1012
Musafirid Dynasty (or Sallarid I Sultan al-Dawla
Dynasty or Kangarid Dynasty) A.H. 343–350 / A.D. 954–961 A.H. 403–412 / A.D. 1012–1021
A.H. 304–483 / A.D. 916–1090 al-Amir al-Sadid Mansur I Musharrif al-Dawla Hasan
Rawwadid Dynasty A.H. 350–365 / A.D. 961–976 A.H. 412–415 / A.D. 1021–1024
A.H. 4th century–463 / A.D. 10th al-Amir al-Rida Nuh II 'Imad al-Din Marzuban
century–1071 A.H. 365–387 / A.D. 976–997 A.H. 415–440 / A.D. 1024–1048
Sharwan Shahs (First Dynasty) Mansur II al-Malik al-Rahim Khusraw-Firuz
A.H. 183–381 / A.D. 799–991 A.H. 387–389 / A.D. 997–999 A.H. 440–447 / A.D. 1048–1055
Sharwan Shahs (Second 'Abd al-Malik II Fulad-Sutun (Fars only)
Dynasty) A.H. 389–390 / A.D. 999–1000 A.H. 447–454 / A.D. 1055–1062
A.H. 418–455 / A.D. 1027–1063 Isma'il II al-Muntasir Buyid Dynasty (Kirman)
Sharwan Shahs (Fourth A.H. 390–395 / A.D. 1000–1005 A.H. 324–440 / A.D. 936–1048
Dynasty) Saffarid Dynasty Mu'izz al-Dawla Ahmad
A.H. 1180–1236 / A.D. 1766– A.H. 253–ca. 900 / A.D. 867–ca. A.H. 324–338 / A.D. 936–949
1821 1495 'Adud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw
Shaddadid Dynasty Ya'qub ibn Layth al-Saffar A.H. 338–372 / A.D. 949–983
A.H. 340–571 / A.D. 951–1174 A.H. 253–265 / A.D. 867–879 Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban
Dabuyid Dynasty 'Amr ibn Layth A.H. 372–388 / A.D. 983–998
A.H. 40–142 / A.D. 660–760 A.H. 265–288 / A.D. 879–901 Baha' al-Dawla Firuz
Bawandid Dynasty (Ka'usiya Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn 'Amr A.H. 388–403 / A.D. 998–1012
line) A.H. 288–296 / A.D. 901–908 Qawam al-Dawla
A.H. 45–466 / A.D. 665–1074 Layth ibn 'Ali A.H. 403–419 / A.D. 1012–1028
Bawandid Dynasty A.H. 296–298 / A.D. 908–910 'Imad al-Din Marzuban
(Ispahbadiya line) Muhammad ibn 'Ali A.H. 419–440 / A.D. 1028–1048
A.H. 466–606 / A.D. 1074–1210 A.H. 298 / A.D. 910 Buyid Dynasty (Jibal)
Bawandid Dynasty Buyid Dynasty (Iraq) A.H. 320–366 / A.D. 932–977
(Kinkhwariya line) A.H. 334–447 / A.D. 945–1055 'Imad al-Dawla 'Ali
A.H. 635–750 / A.D. 1238–1349 Mu'izz al-Dawla Ahmad A.H. 320–335 / A.D. 932–947
Baduspanid Dynasty A.H. 334–356 / A.D. 945–967 Rukn al-Dawla Hasan
A.H. 40–1006 / A.D. 665–1599 'Izz al-Dawla Bakhtiyar A.H. 335–366 / A.D. 947–977
Zaydi 'Alid Dynasty A.H. 356–367 / A.D. 967–978 Buyid Dynasty (Hamadan and
(Tabaristan) 'Adud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw Isfahan)
A.H. 250–316 / A.D. 864–928 A.H. 367–372 / A.D. 978–982 A.H. 366–419 / A.D. 977–1028
Iran (before the Seljuqs) Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban Mu'ayyid al-Dawla Buya
Tahirid Dynasty A.H. 372–376 / A.D. 983–987 A.H. 366–373 / A.D. 977–983
A.H. 205–259 / A.D. 821–873 Sharaf al-Dawla Shirzil Fakhr al-Dawla 'Ali
Tahir I ibn al-Husayn A.H. 376–379 / A.D. 987–989 A.H. 373–387 / A.D. 983–997
A.H. 205–207 / A.D. 821–822 Baha' al-Dawla Firuz Shams al-Dawla
Talha A.H. 379–403 / A.D. 989–1012 A.H. 387–412 / A.D. 997–1021
A.H. 207–213 / A.D. 822–828 Sultan al-Dawla Sama' al-Dawla
'Abdullah A.H. 403–412 / A.D. 1012–1021 A.H. 412–ca. 419 / A.D. 1021–
A.H. 213–230 / A.D. 828–845 Musharrif al-Dawla ca. 1028
Tahir II A.H. 412–416 / A.D. 1021–1025 Buyid Dynasty (Rayy)
A.H. 230–248 / A.D. 845–862 Jalal al-Dawla Shirzil A.H. 366–420 / A.D. 977–1029
Muhammad A.H. 416–435 / A.D. 1025–1044 Fakhr al-Dawla 'Ali
A.H. 248–259 / A.D. 862–873 'Imad al-Din al-Marzuban A.H. 366–387 / A.D. 977–997
Samanid Dynasty A.H. 435–440 / A.D. 1044–1048 Majd al-Dawla Rustam
A.H. 204–395 / A.D. 819–1005 al-Malik al-Rahim Khusraw-Firuz A.H. 387–420 / A.D. 997–1029
Ahmad I ibn Asad ibn Saman A.H. 440–447 / A.D. 1048–1055 Buyid Dynasty ('Uman)
A.H. 204–250 / A.D. 819–864 Buyid Dynasty (Fars and A.H. 363–388 / A.D. 974–998
Nasr I ibn Ahmad Khuzistan) Dulafid Dynasty
A.H. 250–279 / A.D. 864–892 A.H. 322–454 / A.D. 934–1062 A.H. 210–284 / A.D. 825–898
Isma'il I ibn Ahmad 'Imad al-Dawla 'Ali Banijurid Dynasty
A.H. 279–295 / A.D. 892–907 A.H. 322–338 / A.D. 934–949 A.H. 233–237 / A.D. 848–948
Ahmad II ibn Isma'il 'Adud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw Qarakhanid Dynasty
A.H. 295–301 / A.D. 907–914 A.H. 338–372 / A.D. 949–983 A.H. 382–607 / A.D. 992–1222
al-Amir al-Sa'id Nasr II Sharaf al-Dawla Shirzil Khwarazmshah Dynasty
A.H. 301–331 / A.D. 914–943 A.H. 372–380 / A.D. 983–990 (Afrighid Dynasty)
al-Amir al-Hamid Nuh I Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban A.H. ?–385 / A.D. ?–995
A.H. 331–343 / A.D. 943–954 A.H. 380–388 / A.D. 990–998 Khwarazmshah Dynasty
Baha' al-Dawla Firuz (Ma'munid Dynasty)
Muslim History by Muhmmad Ali 2019
A.H. 385–408 / A.D. 995–1017 Seljuq Dynasty (Rum): see A.H. 485–500 / A.D. 1092–1107
Khwarazmshah Dynasty below under Asia Minor Malik Shah
(Governors) Burid Dynasty A.H. 500–510 / A.D. 1107–1116
A.H. 408–425 / A.D. 1017–1034 A.H. 497–549 / A.D. 1104–1154 Rukn al-Din Mas'ud I
Khwarazmshah Dynasty Zangid Dynasty (Mosul) A.H. 510–551 / A.D. 1116–1156
(Anushtigin Line) A.H. 521–619 / A.D. 1127–1222 'Izz al-Din Qilich Arslan II
A.H. 470–624 / A.D. 1077–1231 'Imad al-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur A.H. 551–588 / A.D. 1156–1192
Anushtigin Gharcha'i A.H. 521–541 / A.D. 1127–1146 Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw
A.H. ca. 470–490 / A.D. ca. Sayf al-Din Ghazi I I (1st reign)
1077–1097 A.H. 541–544 / A.D. 1146–1149 A.H. 588–592 / A.D. 1192–1196
[Turkish governor] Qutb al-Din Mawdud Rukn al-Din Sulayman II
[A.H. 490 / A.D. 1097] A.H. 544–564 / A.D. 1149–1169 A.H. 592–600 / A.D. 1196–1204
Qutb al-Din Muhammad Sayf al-Din Ghazi II 'Izz al-Din Qilich Arslan III
A.H. 490–521 / A.D. 1097–1127 A.H. 564–572 / A.D. 1169–1176 A.H. 600–601 / A.D. 1204
'Ala' al-Din Atsiz 'Izz al-Din Mas'ud I Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw
A.H. 521–551 / A.D. 1127–1156 A.H. 572–589 / A.D. 1176–1193 I (2nd reign)
Il-Arslan Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I A.H. 601–607 / A.D. 1204–1210
A.H. 551–567 / A.D. 1156–1172 A.H. 589–607 / A.D. 1193–1211 'Izz al-Din Kay Ka'us I
'Ala' al-Din Tekish 'Izz al-Din Mas'ud II A.H. 607–616 / A.D. 1210–1219
A.H. 567 / A.D. 1172 A.H. 607–615 / A.D. 1211–1218 'Ala' al-Din Kay Qubadh I
[rival ruler] Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II A.H. 616–634 / A.D. 1219–1237
[A.H. 567–589 / A.D. 1172–1193] A.H. 615–616 / A.D. 1218–1219 Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw II
'Ala' al-Din Muhammad Nasir al-Din Mahmud A.H. 634–644 / A.D. 1237–1246
A.H. 596–617 / A.D. 1200–1220 A.H. 616–619 / A.D. 1219–1222 'Izz al-Din Kay Ka'us II
Jalal al-Din Zangid Dynasty (Aleppo) A.H. 644–646 / A.D. 1246–1248
A.H. 617–628 / A.D. 1220–1231 A.H. 541–577 / A.D. 1146–1181 Kay Ka'us II / Rukn al-Din Qilich
Ziyarid Dynasty Nur al-Din Mahmud ibn Zangi Arslan IV (joint rule)
A.H. 315–483 / A.D. 927–1090 A.H. 541–569 / A.D. 1146–1174 A.H. 646–647 / A.D. 1248–1249
Hasanwayhid Dynasty Nur al-Din Isma'il Kay Ka'us II / Qilich Arslan IV /
A.H. 348–405 / A.D. 959–1014 A.H. 569–577 / A.D. 1174–1181 'Ala' al-Din Kay Qubadh II (joint
Ilyasid Dynasty Zangid Dynasty (Sinjar) rule)
A.H. 320–357 / A.D. 932–968 A.H. 566–617 / A.D. 1170–1220 A.H. 647–655 / A.D. 1249–1257
Kakuyid Dynasty Zangid Dynasty (Jazira) Qilich Arslan IV
A.H. 398–443 / A.D. 1008–1051 A.H. 576–648 / A.D. 1180–1250 A.H. 655–663 / A.D. 1257–1265
Seljuqs and Atabegs Begteginid Dynasty Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw III
Great Seljuq Dynasty A.H. 539–630 / A.D. 1145–1233 A.H. 663–681 / A.D. 1265–1282
A.H. 429–552 / A.D. 1037–1157 Artugid Dynasty (Hisn Kayfa Ghiyath al-Din Mas'ud II (1st
Rukn al-Dunya wa-I-Din Toghril I line) reign)
(Tughril) A.H. 491–629 / A.D. 1098–1232 A.H. 681–683 / A.D. 1282–1284
A.H. 429–455 / A.D. 1038–1063 Artugid Dynasty (Mardin line) 'Ala' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (1st
'Adud al-Dawla Alp-Arslan A.H. 497–811 / A.D. 1104–1408 reign)
A.H. 455–465 / A.D. 1063–1072 Suqman Shahs A.H. 683 / A.D. 1284
Jalal al-Dawla Malik Shah I A.H. 493–604 / A.D. 1100–1207 Ghiyath al-Din Mas'ud II (2nd
A.H. 465–485 / A.D. 1072–1092 Eldeguzid Dynasty reign)
Nasir al-Din Mahmud I A.H. 531–622 / A.D. 1136–1225 A.H. 683–692 / A.D. 1284–1293
A.H. 485–487 / A.D. 1092–1094 Salghurid Dynasty 'Ala' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (2nd
Rukn al-Din Berk-yaruq A.H. 543–668 / A.D. 1148–1270 reign)
(Barkiyaruq) Fadlawayhid Dynasty A.H. 692–693 / A.D. 1293–1294
A.H. 487–498 / A.D. 1094–1105 A.H. 448–718 / A.D. 1056–1318 Ghiyath al-Din Mas'ud II (3rd
Mu'izz al-Din Malik Shah II Hazaraspid Dynasty reign)
A.H. 498 / A.D. 1105 A.H. 550–827 / A.D. 1155–1424 A.H. 693–700 / A.D. 1294–1301
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad I Qutlugh Khans 'Ala' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (3rd
A.H. 498–511 / A.D. 1105–1118 A.H. 619–706 / A.D. 1222–1306 reign)
Mu'izz al-Din Sanjar Asia Minor and Turkey A.H. 700–702 / A.D. 1301–1303
A.H. 511–552 / A.D. 1118–1157 Seljuq Dynasty Ghiyath al-Din Mas'ud II (4th
Seljuq Dynasty (Iraq) (Rum) reign)
A.H. 511–590 / A.D. 1117–1194 A.H. 470–707 / A.D. 1077–1307 A.H. 702–704 / A.D. 1303–1305
Seljuq Dynasty (Syria) Sulayman ibn Qutlumush 'Ala' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (4th
A.H. 471–511 / A.D. 1078–1117 A.H. 470–479 / A.D. 1077–1086 reign)
Seljuq Dynasty (Kirman) [interregnum] A.H. 704–707 / A.D. 1305–1307
A.H. 433–583 / A.D. 1041–1187 [A.H. 479–485 / A.D. 1086–1092] Ghiyath al-Din Mas'ud III
Qilich Arslan I A.H. 707 / A.D. 1307
Muslim History by Muhmmad Ali 2019
Menqüchekid Dynasty A.H. 982–1003 / A.D. 1575–1595 A.H. 1255–1277 / A.D. 1839–
A.H. 464–ca. 650 / A.D. 1071– Mehmet III 1861
1252 A.H. 1003–1012 / A.D. 1595– 'Abdüleziz
Danishmandid Dynasty 1603 A.H. 1277–1293 / A.D. 1861–
A.H. 464–573 / A.D. 1071–1177 Ahmed I ( 1876
Isfendiyarid Dynasty 44.30 Murad V
A.H. 690–866 / A.D. 1291–1461 ) A.H. 1293 / A.D. 1876
Saru Khanid Dynasty A.H. 1012–1026 / A.D. 1603– 'Abdülhamid II
A.H. 700–813 / A.D. 1300–1410 1617 A.H. 1293–1327 / A.D. 1876–
Aydinid Dynasty Mustafa I (1st reign) 1909
A.H. 708–829 / A.D. 1308–1425 A.H. 1026–1027 / A.D. 1617– Mehmet V Reshad
Germiyandid Dynasty 1618 A.H. 1327–1336 / A.D. 1909–
A.H. 699–832 / A.D. 1300–1429 Osman II 1918
Hamidid Dynasty A.H. 1027–1031 / A.D. 1618– Mehmet VI
A.H. 700–826 / A.D. 1239–1423 1622 A.H. 1336–1341 / A.D. 1918–
Menteshadid Dynasty Mustafa I (2nd reign) 1922
A.H. 700–829 / A.D. 1300–1426 A.H. 1031–1032 / A.D. 1622– 'Abdülmecid II (caliph only)
Eretnaid Dynasty 1623 A.H. 1341–1342 / A.D. 1922–
A.H. 736–782 / A.D. 1335–1380 Murad IV 1924
Ramadanid Dynasty A.H. 1032–1049 / A.D. 1623– Kšprülü Wazirs
A.H. 780–819 / A.D. 1378–1416 1640 A.H. 1066–1122 / A.D. 1656–
Dhu-I-Qadrid Dynasty Ibrahim 1710
A.H. 738–928 / A.D. 1337–1552 A.H. 1049–1058 / A.D. 1640– Mehmet Pasha
Karamanid Dynasty 1648 A.H. 1066–1072 / A.D. 1656–
A.H. 654–888 / A.D. 1256–1483 Mehmet IV 1661
Ottoman Dynasty A.H. 1058–1099 / A.D. 1648– Fazil Ahmed Pasha
A.H. 680–1342 / A.D. 1281–1924 1687 A.H. 1072–1087 / A.D. 1661–
Ertugrul Süleyman II 1676
ca. A.H. 679–680 / A.D. 1280– A.H. 1099–1102 / A.D. 1687– Kara Mustafa Pasha (by
1281 1691 marriage)
Osman Ahmed II A.H. 1087–1095 / A.D. 1676–
A.H. 680–724 / A.D. 1281–1324 A.H. 1102–1106 / A.D. 1691– 1683
Orhan 1695 Fazil Mustafa Pasha
A.H. 724–761 / A.D. 1324–1360 Mustafa II A.H. 1101–1102 / A.D. 1689–
Murad I A.H. 1106–1115 / A.D. 1695– 1691
A.H. 761–791 / A.D. 1360–1389 1703 Hüseyin Pasha
Bayezid I Ahmed III A.H. 1109–1114 / A.D. 1697–
A.H. 791–805 / A.D. 1389–1403 A.H. 1115–1143 / A.D. 1703– 1702
[interregnum] 1730 Nu'man Pasha
[A.H. 805–816 / A.D. 1403–1413] Mahmud I A.H. 1122 / A.D. 1710
Mehmet I Chelebi A.H. 1143–1168 / A.D. 1730– Mongols
A.H. 816–824 / A.D. 1413–1421 1754 Great Mongols
Murad II (1st reign) Osman III A.H. 603–1043 / A.D. 1206–1634
A.H. 824–848 / A.D. 1421–1444 A.H. 1168–1171 / A.D. 1754– Ilkhanid Dynasty
Mehmet II Fatih (1st reign) 1757 A.H. 654–754 / A.D. 1256–1353
A.H. 848–850 / A.D. 1444–1446 Mustafa III Hülegü
Murad II (2nd reign) A.H. 1171–1187 / A.D. 1757– A.H. 654–663 / A.D. 1256–1265
A.H. 850–855 / A.D. 1446–1451 1774 Abaqa
Mehmet II Fatih (2nd reign) 'Abdülhamid I A.H. 663–680 / A.D. 1265–1282
A.H. 855–886 / A.D. 1451–1481 A.H. 1187–1203 / A.D. 1774– Ahmad Tegüder
Bayezid II 1789 A.H. 680–683 / A.D. 1282–1284
A.H. 886–918 / A.D. 1481–1512 Selim III Arghun
Selim I Yavuz A.H. 1203–1222 / A.D. 1789– A.H. 683–690 / A.D. 1284–1291
A.H. 918–926 / A.D. 1512–1520 1807 Gaykhatu
Süleyman I Kanuni Mustafa IV A.H. 690–694 / A.D. 1291–1295
( A.H. 1222–1223 / A.D. 1807– Baydu
18.70.8 1808 A.H. 694 / A.D. 1295
) Mahmud II Mahmud Ghazan
A.H. 926–974 / A.D. 1520–1566 A.H. 1223–1255 / A.D. 1808– A.H. 694–703 / A.D. 1295–1304
Selim II 1839 Muhammad Khudabanda Öljeytü
A.H. 974–982 / A.D. 1566–1574 'Abdülmecid I (Uljaytu)
Murad III A.H. 703–716 / A.D. 1304–1317
Muslim History by Muhmmad Ali 2019