Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the statistical

analysis done and interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables

following the sequence of the specific research problem regarding the

Effectiveness of Beat Patrol System in of San Manuel, Pangasinan.

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The first problem of this study focused on the profile of the PNP personnel

being assigned in the Police Beat System and the profile of the other respondents

in San Manuel, Pangasinan.

Table 2 on the next page presents the profile of the PNP Personnel being

assigned in the Police Beat System and the profiles of the other respondents in

San Manuel, Pangasinan. The profile of the respondents was tabulated and

computed according to the following: classification, age, sex, civil status, religion,

educational attainment and occupation.

It can be noted in table 2 that the classification of the respondents,

community got the highest frequency of 388 with the percentage of 69 while,

police officer got the lowest frequency of 23 with the percentage of 4.

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Table 2
Profile of the respondents
PROFILE F %
Classification
PNP Officer 23 4
School Personnel 95 17
Community 388 69
Barangay Official 56 10
Age
19yo&younger 11 2
20-40 278 49
41-65 257 46
Older than 65 16 3
Sex
Male 258 46
Female 304 54
Civil Status
Single 95 16.90
Married 415 73.84
Separated/Divorced 21 3.74
Widow/er 31 5.52
Religion
Roman Catholic 440 78.29
Iglesia Ni Cristo 74 13.17
Jehovah's Witness 8 1.42
Born Again 39 6.94
Islam 0 0
Pentecost 1 0.18
Educational Attainment
No Formal Education 4 1
Elementary Undergraduate 6 1
Elementary Graduate 29 5
High School Undergraduate 87 15
High School Graduate 210 37
College Undergraduate 71 13
College Graduate 121 22
Master's Degree 33 6
Doctorate Degree 1 0
Occupation
Farmer 107 19.0
Housekeeper 146 26.0
Self-Employed, Vendor, Businessman 88 15.7
Skilled: Carpenter, Painter, Encoder 53 9.4
Professional: Doctor, Teacher, Engineer, Manager 105 18.7
PNP uniformed personnel 21 3.7
PNP non-uniformed personnel 2 0.4
Driver 16 2.8
Laborer: saleslady, service crew, baby sitter 8 1.4
Student 8 1.4
Barangay Official 6 1.1
Pensioner 2 0.4

According to the study Espejo, et. al., they pointed out that the community

and/or stakeholders are more vigilant and observer in the since that they are very

curious to their safety. They also pointed out that the police force is not enough
 40

to protect the interest of the people in terms of safety. This is seconded by the

Chief of San Manuel Police Station. However, they are doing their best to protect

the whole community of San Manuel, Pangasinan that is why they have a Beat

Patrol System.

Under the age ranging 20-40 years old, it got the highest frequency of 278

and a percentage of 49 while, 19 years old to younger got the lowest frequency

of 11 and a percentage of 2. This implies that age ranging 20 to 40 is more

dominant compared to the youngsters. Erick Ercikson stated that the individual

has hopefully developed a stable identity, he/she moves into the adult world

seeking a partner with whom to share work, sex, friendship, and intimate feelings,

failing which, she sinks into exclusivity, elitism, isolation, or other forms of non-

intimate social relations.

On the other hand, in sex, female got the highest frequency of 304 with a

percentage of 54 while, male got the frequency of 258 with a percentage of 46.

This indicates that female are more conscious regarding to their safety compared

to male. Panopio (2006), he reiterated that female is more focus in their family. It

has been said that they are more conscious and they are family oriented.

However, in civil status, married respoondents got the highest frequency of

415 with a percentage of 73.84 while, widow/er got the lowest frequency of 31

with a percentage of 5.52. This implies that that married man is committed to give

the basic necessity or physiological needs of man. They tend to find other ways
 41

for them to leave in this sinful world. Reyes (2000), stated that married man

experiencing some difficulties in their lives because of these difficulties they tend

to find some alternative to be able to survive.

In Religion, Roman Catholic got the highest frequency of 440 with a

percentage of 78.29 while, Pentecost got the lowest frequency of 1 with a

percentage of 0.18. This implies that Roman Catholic dominates religion in the

municipality of San Manuel, Pangasinan. These findings can be supported through

observation and statistics that the majority of Filipino people believe to the doctrine

of Roma Catholica. Bardes and Oldendick (2000), explained that in the course of

studying the distribution of opinions among religious denomination, research have

found that affiliation with a religion is not a very good predictor of opinion for

many individuals. They also stated that Catholics differ considerably from the

protestant Evangelicals because their views are considerably more liberal

especially on social welfare issues.

Meanwhile, in educational attainment, high school graduate got the highest

frequency of 210 with a percentage of 37 while, doctorate degree got the lowest

frequency of 1 with the percentage of 0. This indicates that after attending in high

school, majority of people of San Manuel cannot send their child in college because

of lack of resources.
 42

According to the police officers of this municipality, the reason why they

cannot afford to send their child in tertiary after high school is poverty and because

of this factor, majority of law violators are high school graduate.

Finally, in occupation, housekeeper got the highest frequency of 146 with

a percentage of 26 while, pensioner got the lowest frequency of 2 with the

percentage of 0.4. This implies that there is collaboration and/or related to the

findings in educational attainment because, if you are high school graduate only

you cannot find a decent job or permanent job. The minimum requirement as

stated in the job description is at least college graduate. This finding can be

supported through observation and based on the crime statistics of the Philippine

National Police.

EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE BEAT SYSTEM IN SAN MANUEL,

PANGASINAN

The second problem of this study dealt on the Level of Effectiveness of

Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan as perceived by the respondents.

Table 3 on the next page presents the perception of the respondents on

the Level of Effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan.

It can be gleaned in the table that the respondents perceived the Level of

Effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan is high with the

overall average weighted mean of 3.77 as reflected. This implies that stakeholders
 43

and/or citizens of San Manuel, Pangasinan is not quite satisfied with the

performance of the police officers. As we interviewed the selected citizens and/or

stakeholders of San Manuel, Pangasinan they said that Police Beat System is not

totally exerting their effort to do their job specially in far-flung areas.

Table 3

Respondent’s Perception on the Effectiveness of the Beat Patrol

System in San Manuel, Pangasinan

Effectiveness of the Beat System WM DE

1 PNP Beat Patrol Officers conducts regular patrol 24/7. 4.03 High
2 Lessen the rate of crime incidence. 4.04 High
3 Interaction with the community. 4.05 High
4 Promote safe atmosphere. 4.00 High
5 Conduct seminars for crime prevention. 3.70 High
6 Discourage would be perpetrators. 3.86 High
7 Immediately respond to crime incidence. 3.90 High
8 Proper deployments of the PNP Personnel in their AOR (Area Of
3.91 High
Responsibility).
9 Wearing of proper uniform while on duty (TamangBihis). 4.15 High
10 Provide materials of PCR activities for Patrollers. 3.58 High
11 Properly approach the community for their presence. 3.67 High
12 Doing unnecessary things while on duty (e.g. Texting, Calling,
2.31 Low
Sleeping).
13 Responsible to protect life and property. 3.95 High
14 Makes the community understand the objectives of Beat Patrol. 3.59 High
AWM 3.77 High

Legend: Mean Scale Description

1.00 - 1.79 Very Low
1.80 - 2.59 Low
2.60 - 3.39 Moderate
3.40 - 4.19 High
4.20 - 5.00 Very High
 44

In the study of Espejo, et. al., (2015), they also got the same perception of

the respondent most particularly on the part of the community/ stakeholder. They

pointed out that the demand of safety is very high and because of this demand

they come up into recommendation that the Philippine National Police should exert

their effort and should be vigilant to the wrong doer.

It can be noted in the table that the provided materials for PCR activities of

Patrollers makes the community understand the objectives of Beat Patrol, properly

approach the community for their presence, conduct seminars for crime prevention,

discourage would be perpetrators, immediately respond to crime incidence, proper

deployments of the PNP Personnel in their AOR (Area Of Responsibility),

responsible to protect life and property, promote safe atmosphere, PNP Beat Patrol

Officers conducts regular patrol 24/7, lessen the rate of crime incidence,

interaction with the community, and wearing of proper uniform while on duty

(Tamang Bihis) are high as reflected in each weighted mean of 3.58 to 4.15,

respectively. These indicate that the police officers are doing their job in serving

the people of San Manuel, Pangasinan. However, the police officers did not get

the highest rate which is very high. This implies that there is lacking on the part

of the police officers in San Manuel, Pangasinan. As the Chief of Police Station in

San Manuel, Pangasinan the force of police officer in the municipality is not enough

to suffice and address the needs of the townspeople most particularly in giving the
 45

security and safety of the citizens and/or stakeholders. Hence, they imposed police

beat system to lessen the commission of crime at least.

On the other hand, doing unnecessary things while on duty (e.g. Texting,

Calling, Sleeping) are low as reflected in its weighted mean of 2.31 and got the

lowest average weighted mean. This implies that the Chief of San Manuel Police

Station is strict in implementing the rules. According to Flores, et. al., (2015), they

proved that texting while working is not advisable while you are in duty and even

answering calls which is not an emergency. Through this policy, the police officers

can focus on their duty.

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE

CLASS RESPONDENTS ON THE EFFECTIVES OF POLICE BEAT SYSTEM
IN SAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN

The third problem of this study dealt on the significant difference between

the perceptions of the class respondent on the effectiveness of Police Beat System

in San Manuel, Pangasinan as shown in table 4.

It can be inferred in the table that the computed t value of 0.40 is outside

the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there

is no significant difference between the perceptions of the PNP officers and school

personnel on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan”

is accepted, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do not significantly differ.

Table 4
 46

Categorized Comparison of Beat Patrol System

Mean
Comparison N Mean var. tC Df tT Decision
Diff.
PNP Officer versus 23 2.58 0.04 0.142 0.40 116 1.645 Accept
School Personnel 95 2.54 0.363
PNP Officer versus 23 2.58 -0.07 0.142 -0.82 409 1.645 Accept
Community 388 2.65 0.389
PNP Officer versus 23 2.58 -1.45 0.142 -12.59 77 1.645 Reject
Barangay Official 56 4.03 0.377
PNP Officer versus 23 2.58 -1.19 0.142 -14.33 583 1.645 Reject
Overall 562 3.77 0.387
School Personnel
95 3.67 1.02 0.363 14.66 481 1.645 Reject
versus
Community 388 2.65 0.389
School Personnel versus 95 3.67 -0.36 0.363 -3.48 149 1.645 Reject
Barangay Official 56 4.03 0.377
School Personnel versus 95 3.67 -0.10 0.363 -1.49 655 1.645 Accept
Overall 562 3.77 0.387
Community versus 388 3.73 -0.30 0.389 -3.40 442 1.645 Reject
Barangay Official 56 4.03 0.377
Community versus 388 3.73 -0.04 0.389 -0.97 948 1.645 Accept
Overall 562 3.77 0.387
Barangay Official versus 56 4.03 0.26 0.377 3.01 616 1.645 Reject
Overall 562 3.77 0.387

However, it can be inferred in the table that the computed t value of -0.82

is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states

that “there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the PNP officers

and community on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel,

Pangasinan” is accepted, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do not

significantly differ.

Moreover, it can be noted in the table that the computed t value of -1.49 is

outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that
 47

“there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the school personnel

and overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in the Municipality of San

Manuel, Pangasinan” is accepted, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do

not significantly differ.

Hence, it can be gleaned in the table that the computed t value of -0.97 is

outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that

“there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the community and

overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan” is

rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.

Since, the findings have significant difference between the perceptions of

the class respondent on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel,

Pangasinan, this implies that the respondents do not vary to each other and to the

extent that the police officers doing their best to protect the interest of the

stakeholder and/or community particularly in giving the safety of the community.

On the other hand, it can be noted in the table the respondents who

rejected the perceptions of the respondents on the effectiveness of Police Beat

System in San Manuel, Pangasinan.

It can be inferred that the computed t value of -12.59 is outside the critical

region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there is no

significant difference between the perceptions of the police officers and barangay
 48

officials on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan” is

rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.

Hence, it can be inferred that the computed t value of -14.33 is outside the

critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there is

no significant difference between the perceptions of the police officers and overall

on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan” is rejected,

meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.

However, it can be inferred that the computed t value of 14.66 is outside

the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there

is no significant difference between the perceptions of the school personnel and

community on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan”

is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.

Meanwhile, it can be gleaned that the computed t value of -3.48 is outside

the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there

is no significant difference between the perceptions of the school personnel and

barangay officials on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel,

Pangasinan” is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do

significantly differ.

Hence, it can be inferred that the computed t value of -3.40 is outside the

critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there is

no significant difference between the perceptions of the community and barangay

 49

officials on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan” is

rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.

Finally, it can be noted that the computed t value of 3.01 is outside the

critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that “there is

no significant difference between the perceptions of the barangay officials and

overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan” is

rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.

Therefore, there is a significant difference between the perceptions of the

class respondent on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel,

Pangasinan. This implies that the respondents have different perceptions from the

other respondents. It indicates through these findings and it proves to the findings

of the community. Through this, the researchers conducted interview. Police

Officers are reluctant on what may happen and/or occurs. PO3 Flores, pointed out

when he was interviewed that the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan are

trying their best to address the demand of respondents must particularly the school

personnel and the community.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE POLICE BEAT OFFICER WHILE

CONDUCTING PATROL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OFSAN MANUEL,
PANGASINAN

The fourth problem of this study looks into the problems encountered by

the Police Beat Officer while conducting patrol in San Manuel, Pangasinan.
 50

Table 5 on the next page presents the problems encountered by the Police

Beat Officer while conducting patrol in San Manuel, Pangasinan as perceived by

the respondents.

It can be inferred in the table that the perception of the respondents with

regards to the problems encountered by the Police Beat Officer while conducting

patrol in San Manuel, Pangasinan is slightly serious as reflected in its overall

average weighted mean of 2.38. This implies that problems encountered by the

respondents are not much serious, therefore it is good indicator even though the

police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan is experiencing lack of personnel they

are exerting their effort for the safety of the stakeholders. In the study of Cabralda,

et. al., (2015), they reiterated that lack of police personnel is the common

problems entire the Philippines that’s why, the Philippine National Police continuing

the filing of application for police officer twice a year to address the demand of

the police officer.

Table 5

Summary of Problems Encountered Result

Problems Encountered WM DE
1 Inadequate number of personnel. 2.91 Serious
2 Lack of Equipment. 2.70 Serious
Slightly
3 Physical Hazards experience 2.57
Serious
4 Lack of coordination between the community and the Slightly
2.04
PNP. Serious
Slightly
5 Lack of cooperation among the community. 2.26
Serious
 51

Slightly
6 Lack of appreciation among the PNP Patrollers. 2.17
Serious
7 Insufficient training and seminar related to the task at
Slightly
hand such as crisis management, self-defense, and 2.22
Serious
basic first aid.
8 Poor Relationship between Police Beat Patrol Unit and Slightly
2.13
community members. Serious
9 Inadequate police communication due to insufficient
2.61 Serious
number of radios (10-111).
10 Feeling of indifference of the community towards the Slightly
2.22
Policemen (Public Apathy). Serious
2.3 Slightly
AWM
8 Serious

Legend: Mean Scale Description

1.00 - 1.79 Not Serious
1.80 - 2.59 Slightly Serious
2.60 - 3.39 Serious
3.40 - 4.19 Much Serious
4.20 - 5.00 Very Much Serious

It can be also noted in the table that the lack of coordination between the

community and the PNP, poor Relationship between Police Beat Patrol Unit and

community members, lack of appreciation among the PNP Patrollers, feeling of

indifference of the community towards the Policemen (Public Apathy), insufficient

training and seminar related to the task at hand such as crisis management, self-

defense, and basic first aid, lack of cooperation among the community, Physical

Hazards experience, inadequate police communication due to insufficient number

of radios (10-111), lack of equipment and adequate number of personnel are

slightly serious as reflected to the descriptive equivalent of 2.04 to 2.91,

respectively. These indicate that the community and other respondents appreciate
 52

the working output of the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan. Somehow,

the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan come up into another plan for them

to be able to serve well the stakeholders and/or community of this municipality to

become number one public servant entire Pangasinan and if possible entire the

Philippines. According to Tradio (2002), police visibility or omni presence is the

most ideal practice of the law enforcer that needs to observe and at least lessen

the commission of crime.