FORMULAS IN WIRE ROPES APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF ROPE (Wr) (DOUGHTIE

&VALLANCE)
EQUIVALENT BENDING STRESS (Sb)
𝑾𝒓 = 1.58𝑫𝑟 2 𝒉 , lb
𝑬𝑫𝑤
𝑺𝑏 =
𝑫𝑠 APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF ROPE (Wr) (FAIRES)
Where, Rope Approximate Weight of Rope
E = modulus of elasticity
Dw = approximate wire diameter 6x 7 1.52Dr2h
Ds = sheave diameter
EQUIVALENT BENDING LOAD (Fb) 6 x 19 1.6Dr 2h 1.76Dr 2h

𝑬𝑫𝑤 6 x 37 1.55Dr2h 1.71Dr 2h

𝑭𝑏 = 𝑨 [ ] Where,
𝑫𝑠 Dr = nominal diameter of the wire rope ( should be in inches)
Where, h = height/length of the rope
A = cross sectional area of the wire rope APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF ROPE (Wr) (FAIRES)
FACTOR OF SAFETY (FS)
Rope Approximate Weight of Rope
𝑭𝑢 − 𝑭𝑏
𝐹𝑆 = 6x 7 1.52Dr2h
𝑭𝑡
6 x 19 1.6Dr 2h 1.76Dr 2h
Where,
Fu = breaking strength of the wire rope 6 x 37 1.55Dr2h 1.71Dr 2h
Ft = total tensile force due to the load
Fb = equivalent bending load Where,
Dr = nominal diameter of the wire rope ( should be in inches)
FORCES DUE TO ACCELERATION
h = height/length of the rope

DUE TO WEIGHT OF WIRE ROPE (WLa) APPROXIMATE DIAMETER OF SHEAVES

Recommended Sheave Diameter
𝑾𝑟 𝒂 Rope Uses
𝑾𝑟𝑎 = Minimum Preferred
𝒈 6x 7 42 Dr 72 Dr Mines,haulage tramways
DUE TO WEIGHT CONNECTED TO THE END OF WIRE ROPE 30 Dr 45 Dr Hoisting Rope
(WLa) 6 x 19 60 Dr 100Dr Cargo cranes, mine hoists
20 Dr 30 Dr Derricks,dredges, elevato rs and small shears

𝑾𝐿 𝒂 6 x 37 18 Dr 27 Dr Cranes, high speed elevato rs and small shears

𝑾𝐿𝑎 =
𝒈 8 x 19 21 Dr 31 Dr Extra Flexible hoisting rope
Where,
Wr = weight of the rope ESTIMATED ULTIMATE STRENGTH (6x19), FU, (in
WL = useful load Tons)
a = acceleration
g= standard gravitational acceleration VHS: 𝑭𝒖≈𝟒𝟖𝑫𝒓𝟐
TOTAL TENSION OF THE ROPES (Ft) IPS: 𝑭𝒖≈𝟒2𝑫𝒓𝟐
PS: 𝑭𝒖≈36𝑫𝒓𝟐
𝑭𝑡 = 𝑾𝑟𝑎 + 𝑾𝐿𝑎 + 𝑾𝑟 + 𝑾𝐿 MPS: 𝑭𝒖≈32𝑫𝒓𝟐
TRACTION STEEL: 𝑭𝒖≈0.87(𝑭𝒖 for
𝒂 MPS)
𝑭𝑡 = (𝑾𝑟 + 𝑾𝐿 ) (𝟏 + ) MAXIMUM RATED LOAD OF PASSENGER
𝒈 ELEVATORS (PSME CODE)

DESIGN FORMULAS FOR AN ELEVATOR HAVING AN INSIDE NET PLATFORM

AREA OF NOT MORE THAN 4.65 m2
APPROXIMATE DIAMETER AND AREA
𝑾 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟏 𝑨𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟐𝟒 𝑨
Rope Dw A, in2
FOR AN ELEVATOR HAVING AN INSIDE NET PLATFORM
6x 7 0.106Dr 0.38Dr 2 AREA OF MORE THAN 4.65 m2

6 x 19 0.063Dr 0.38Dr 2 𝑾 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟖 𝑨𝟐 + 𝟔𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 𝑨 − 𝟔𝟐𝟏. 𝟒

6 x 37 0.045Dr 0.38Dr 2
8 x 19 0.050Dr 0.35Dr 2
POWER CHAIN FORMULAS
TEETH AND SPEED RELATIONSHIP AVERAGE GOOD CENTER DISTANCE
(Velocity and Teeth Ratio) 𝑫𝟏
𝑪 = 𝑫2 +
𝟐
𝑻𝟐 𝑵𝟏
𝑉𝑅 = = Where,
𝑻𝟏 𝑵𝟐
C – center distance ( in / mm)
Where, Cp – center distance in pitch
T1 – no. of teeth (small sprocket) Lp – length of chain in pitch
T2 – no. of teeth (large sprocket) D1 – pitch diameter of smaller sprocket
N1 – rpm (small sprocket) D2 – pitch diameter of larger sprocket
N2 – rpm (large sprocket)
PITCH
PITCH DIAMETERS
Small Sprocket (Driver) Large Sprocket (Driven) Recommended Value if
𝒑 𝒑 Not Given
𝑫𝟏 = 𝑫𝟐 =
𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( ) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( )
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝟑
𝒑≤( ) Chain No. Pitch
𝑻𝟏
Where, 25 1/4
T1 – no. of teeth (small sprocket) 35 3/8
41 1/2
T2 – no. of teeth (large sprocket) Where,
40 1/2
p – pitch p – pitch in inches
50 5/8
T1 – no. of teeth (small 60 3/4
OUTSIDE DIAMETERS sprocket) 80 1
Small Sprocket (Driver) Large Sprocket (Driven) 100 1 1/4
𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝟎 120 1 1/2
𝑫𝒐𝟏 = 𝒑 [𝟎. 𝟔 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕 ( )] 𝑫𝒐𝟐 = 𝒑 [𝟎. 𝟔 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕 ( )]
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 CHAIN SPEED 140 1 3/4
160 2
𝒗 = 𝝅𝑫𝑵 𝒗 = 𝒑𝑻𝑵
Where, 180 2 1/4
T1 – no. of teeth (small sprocket) Where, 200 2 1/2
T2 – no. of teeth (large sprocket) T– no. of teeth 240 3
p - pitch N – revolutions per
minute
LENGTH OF CHAIN p – pitch
𝟏 (𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )𝟐 𝑪
𝑳𝒑 = (𝑻𝟏 + 𝑻𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝑪𝑷 + 𝑪𝒑 = NUMBER OF STRANDS
𝟐 𝟒𝟎𝑪𝑷 𝒑

𝑳 = 𝑳𝒑 ∗ 𝒑 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒉𝒑
𝑵𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔 =
𝒉𝒑 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅
Where,
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒉𝒑 = 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒑 × 𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
C – center distance ( in / mm)
Cp – center distance in pitch 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒉𝒑
Lp – length of chain in pitch ( always even 𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 =
𝒉𝒑 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅
number )
L – length of chain ( in / mm)
CENTER DISTANCE
PSME CODE
𝒑 𝟐
𝑪 = [𝟐𝑳𝒑 − 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 + √(𝟐𝑳𝒑 − 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 ) −. 𝟖𝟏(𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )𝟐 ]
𝟖
SAMPLE PROBLEMS IN WIRE ROPES SAMPLE PROBLEMS IN CHAINS
1. A wire rope lifts a load of 10 kips at a maximum speed of
1000 fpm, attained in 5 seconds starting from rest. The rope 1. The driving sprocket has 18 teeth rotates at 700 rpm and
has a cross sectional area of 0.4 in2. Compute the maximum pitch of chain is 1 inch. The velocity ratio is 5/3. Determine
tensile stress on the rope in ksi. the rotative speed and the number of teeth of the driven
a. 23.5 b. 27.6 c. 25.7 d. 34.1 sprocket. 420 rpm; 30
2. Determine the pitch diameters of driving and driven
2. What horsepower is required to lift a load of 5000 lb by
sprockets. 5.7588 in; 9.5668 in
means of a cable wrapped around the drum hoist, the drum
3. Determine the outside diameters of driving and driven
being 40-in diameter and making 24 rpm?
sprockets. 6.2713 in; 10.1144 in
a. 10 hp b. 18 hp c. 29 hp d.38 hp
4. Determine the center distance of sprockets 12.45 in
5. Determine the length of the chain. 49.2 pitches
3. In a high rise building, the elevator rises 366 m with an
operating speed of 5 meters per second and reaches full
6. A 2O-tooth motor sprocket, running at 1200 rpm, drives a
speed in 10.68 m. The loaded elevator weighs 2000 kg.
blower at a speed ratio of 4:1. Compute the length of chain
Determine the acceleration of the elevator in m/s 2.
in pitches required to connect the sprockets by using the
a. 1.17 b. 2.17 c. 3.17 d. 4.17
largest permissible chain size with the largest permissible
center distance of 80 pitches.
4. Determine the bending stress of wire rope with drum
a. 215 b. 210 c. 212 d. 222
diameter of 7.8 inches and wire diameter of 0.0987 in.
a. 380 ksi b. 400 ksi
7. Certain farm equipment which requires 2200 newton-meter
c. 250 ksi d. 130 ksi
torque at 500 rpm has a diesel engine to operate at 1500
rpm as its prime mover. A number 60 roller chain with a total
5. Determine the bending stress and equivalent bending load
length of 60 pitches and a small sprocket with 23 teeth are
in a 1.5-in2 steel rope made from 0.098-in wire, when it is
to be used with an operating temperature to remain
used on a 90-in sheave. Use E = 12x106 psi
constant at 45 degree C. Use pitch of 3/4 in. Determine the
a. 13.07 ksi; 19.61 kips b. 32.24 ksi; 48.36 kips
number of teeth of the large sprocket.
c. 25.24 ksi; 37.86 kips d. 19.24 ksi; 28.86 kips
a. 65 b. 67 c. 69 d. 72
8. Determine the center distance, in mm, between sprockets if
6. A 6x19 IPS wire rope has a wire rope diameter of 2 in. and
it is 1- ½ times the diameter of the larger sprocket.
a sheave diameter of 50 in. Find the bending stress and
a. 573 b. 628 c. 640 d. 222
equivalent bending load of the rope.
9. What is the horsepower transmitted in horsepower?
a. 30.24 ksi; 45.96 kips b. 40.24 ksi; 35.96 kips
a. 154 b. 168 c. 175 d. 186
c. 20.24 ksi; 35.96 kips d. 30.24 ksi; 35.96 kips
10. Determine the design hp if the service factor is 1.4?
a. 200 hp b. 216 hp c. 238 hp d. 248 hp
7. A wire rope is used with total load of 8500 kg and bending
11. Determine the approximate number of strands if
load of 55,000kg. If the breaking strength of the rope
horsepower rating per strand is 25.95 hp?
is120,000 kg, find the factor of safety.
a. 4.245 b. 7.647 c. 1.352 d. 5.254 a. 7 b. 6 c. 8 d. 9

8. A 6x19 IPS wire rope with rope diameter of 2.5 in is to be 12. A three strand no. 80 roller chain powered by a Diesel
used for hoisting. Find the weight of the rope if the depth of engine through a mechanical drive operates 8 hrs per day
the mine hoist is110m. under normal condition in which the service factor may be
a. 4000 kg b. 1352 lbs taken equal to 1.20. The driving sprocket has 18 teeth,
c. 3562.9 lbs d. 2540 kg rotates at 700 rpm and the driven sprocket has 30 teeth.
Multiple strand factor is 2.70 and the single strand kW is 25
9. A vertical mine hoist is to carry a total load of 8 metric tons. kW based on the number of teeth on the driving sprocket
The depth of the mine hoist is 100 meters. A 6x19 IPS wire and its speed. Calculate the pitch diameter of driving
rope with rope diameter of 44.5 mm is to be used for sprocket 5.7588 in
hoisting on a sheave 1.0 meter diameter. This cage with 13. Calculate the pitch diameter of driven sprocket 9.569 in
toad is to start from rest and will attain a maximum velocity 14. Calculate the transmitted power 56.25 hp
of 160 m/min in 10 seconds. Find the factor of safety tor the
size ot wire rope. 15. A roller chain is operated by a 1200 rpm electric motor. The
a. 9.07 b. 11.07 c. 8.07 d. 12.07 chain, in turn, drive a rotary screen, this would be
considered an application with moderate shock in which the
10. What is the maximum rated in kg of an elevator having a service is 1.4. Using a three strand no. 50 chain, it was
2.5 m2 floor area. found out that the multiple strand factor is 2.5 and the
a. 1035 kg b. 935 kg c. 1235 kg d. 1135 kg corresponding horsepower per strand is 5.3. Determine the
standard hp of the motor.
a. 10 b. 9.46 c. 2.97 d. 7