TECHNICAL PROPOSAL FOR

Impact Assessment Study of Badi

Pariyojana in Tribal Area of Betul District
of Madhya Pradesh”

By Ravneet Kaur
INTRODUCTION

Madhya Pradesh houses the most number of people from tribal communities amongst all the states

in India. According to 2011 census, they comprise of 21.1% of the total population in the state.

There are a total of 46 recognized tribes in Madhya Pradesh out of which 3 are Particularly

Vulnerable Tribal Groups. Despite these facts, the socio-economic indicators of the tribal

population in the state are abysmally low. Hence as a part of the Tribal Sub Plan, to address these

needs, the NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS), a subsidiary of National Bank for

Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), came up with Badi Pariyojana. A badi of 1 acre

is given to a tribal family having land less than 5 acres to grow crops that are suitable with the

climatic conditions. The scheme has been designed with the objective of expanding the livelihood

bases of families living below the poverty line by providing employment and additional source of

income to them. The scheme is not just provided to improve the financial status of the families but

other themes are also tied up with it. To tackle the issue of climate change and reduce the

exploitation of natural resources, efficient management of resources is one theme that is tied up

with the scheme. Similarly, it is known that the tribal women face double marginalization due to

their social identity of being a tribal and a woman, hence the theme of women empowerment is

tied up with the scheme. For developing human resources and sustainability of the program, the

capacity building sessions are intertwined with the program. The scheme was implemented in 3

blocks of Betul district in 4 phases. The purpose of this assignment is to ascertain whether the

scheme was successful in attaining its goals.

OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT
 Assess the Impact of Badi project on beneficiaries’ vis-à-vis non beneficiaries in term of
livelihood including impact on income, migration and livelihoods base.
 Impact on beneficiary’s living conditions such as sanitation, nutrition, health etc.
 Capacity building of farmers
 Impact on environment, including impact on soil and water resources, biomass production,
productivity, cropping pattern etc.
 Assess the success of plants using parameters such as height, girth, survival rate etc.
 Analysis of physical and financial performance of the scheme and elaborate the operational
bottlenecks and suggested measures to overcome.
 Establish strengths and weakness of the programme
 Suggest strategy to overcome weaknesses if any

SCOPE OF THE ASSIGNMENT

 Study the Impact of Badi project on beneficiaries’ vis-à-vis non beneficiaries in term of
livelihood including impact on income, migration, livelihoods base, living condition,
sanitation, nutrition, health etc. Comparative study of increase in income and standard of
living before and after the inception of project.
 Impact on soil and water resources, biomass production, productivity, cropping pattern etc
In addition, following components are to be studied in detail:
 Plantation of prescribed number of plants (plants by spices) on the land of beneficiaries as
per programme
 Providing of implements and other inputs to beneficiaries, as per programme, in term of
number and timings
 Number of village level meetings, with detailed venue and dates, held for implementation
of programme
 The number training programme held for skill development of beneficiaries along with
duration and venue and timings
 Educational tour of beneficiaries along with timings and place of visit
 Measures taken for security and growth of plants
  Replacement of failed plants
 Availability of fertilizers/manure and pesticide for proper growth of plants
 Measures taken for assuring water availability throughout the year
 Present status of Badi Pariyojana whether succeeded in achieving its objectives or not
 Policies and measures to make a sustainable development process

APPROACH FOR THE STUDY

Key Guiding Principles for the study

While designing and conducting the impact assessment, following principles shall be internalized
to guide the assignment:

Credibility: The impact assessment methodology and tools will adhere to the stated purpose of the
assignment. The capacity of the team members will be developed to enable them to perform their
tasks effectively. Different tools will be used to validate the information to ensure the quality of
the data.

Honesty: The evaluators will engage with the assignment honestly and with integrity. They will
collect the data with utmost integrity and communicate to the relevant stakeholders the purpose of
the same. The data analysts shall accurately reflect the data and the findings in the report. There
would be full disclosure about funds for the study and who requested it.

Participation- The impact assessment will uphold the principle of participation through the
assignment. The perspectives of multiple stakeholders will be brought out in the report. It will be
ensured that the people from different gender, age, social identities are included in the study.

Respect for participants: The field executives will respect the self-determination, dignity, and
honor of the participants of the study. Their informed consent will be taken for the process. They
will have the agency to leave the study if they feel uncomfortable.

Usefulness- The impact assessment will center the community at the heart of the assignment.
Taking cue from their experiences, the strategies will be devised in a way that it maximizes the
impact of the program for the people. The findings and the recommendations of the report will be
useful for the common public.
Information Need Matrix

Stakeholders Key Questions

Beneficiaries What is the amount of additional income generated?

What is their experience with the program?

Women Beneficiaries How has the scheme impacted their life?

Implementing agency What were the enabling factors for implementing this scheme?

What were major roadblocks during the implementation?

Village level officials How was their experience with the implementing agency?

How involved was the community during the process?

What was the response of the community?

Tribal Department What is their opinion about the functioning of the scheme?

In order to conduct the impact assessment efficiently, the interactions with the following
stakeholders would be helpful:

Based on the objectives of the assignment, following indicators would be used to measure each
objective. The measures are specific, observable, and measurable.

Indicator Qualitative
Objective Criteria
(Quantitative)

1. Assess the Impact of Income Additional Income Experience with

Badi project. Migration No. of people who the scheme
migrated
 Livelihood Base No. of Income sources

2. Impact on Nutrition Change in Positive effects on

beneficiary’s living Sanitation expenditure/composition living conditions
conditions of these items
Health

Education

3. Capacity building of No. of village level Experience with

farmers meetings held for the capacity
implementation building program

No. of training sessions

No. of Educational tours

No. of follow ups

4. Impact on Soil Changes in the criteria Experience with

environment Water Resources listed these changes

Biomass
Production

Productivity

Cropping Pattern

5. Assess the success of Measures of girth, survival Experience of

plants rate, yield and height maintaining the
plant, support
-----------
required
 6. Analysis of physical Financial records of the
and financial scheme
performance of the Physical inspection of the
----------- -----------
scheme badis, nurseries,
composting pits

7. Establish strengths Perceptions about

and weakness of the ----------- ----------- strength and
programme weaknesses

8. Suggest strategy to Suggestions from

overcome weaknesses if ----------- ----------- the stakeholders
any

9.Assess income- Forest Plant No. of activities Experience with

generating component Nurseries, Vermi undertaken the component
Composting, No.of households involved

Additional income
generated

10. Women No. of smokeless stoves Experience of

Empowerment women
beneficiaries with
-----------
the scheme

Capacity Building of Team Members

A capacity building session with the team will be held before the impact assessment begins to
familiarize them with the following:

 Purpose of the assignment

 Specifics of the scheme
 Training on tools
METHODOLOGY
Sampling
The project was implemented in three blocks of Betul district namely Ghoda Dongri, Shahpur and
Chicholi in 4 phases starting from 2007-08. By using stratified multistage sampling wherein
villages would be considered as primary unit and beneficiaries as final unit of the sample, 70
villages out of a total 103 would be covered. The villages from all the phases will be included in
the sample. The beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries will be selected for each village.

Blocks No.of villages Sample

Shahpur 59 40

Ghoda Dongri 31 20

Chicholi 13 10

Total 103 70

A total of 1800 beneficiaries would be chosen as a sample out of 3455 beneficiaries covering all
the phases in a following manner:

Phases Total beneficiaries Sample (including women

beneficiaries)

Phase 1 251 206

Phase 2 1496 756

Phase 3 1506 738

 Phase 4 202 100

Total 3455 1800

Since it’s a comparative study of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, the non-beneficiaries
would be selected on the basis of the following criteria:

1. Landless households

2. Small and marginal farmers/ households (without badi)

3. Household who had established their own badi without any financial support under the
programme

For each category, minimum of two households will be selected.

Other stakeholders shall also be included in the sample for impact assessment which comprises of
interviews with implementing agency, village level officials from each village, and officials from
the tribal department.

Note: Since the information regarding number of women is not available at this moment, the
women beneficiaries from all the villages and phases will be included in the sample wherever
possible.

Field Process Protocol Control

Following personnel would be required to undertake the impact assessment:

The field executives will be responsible for collection of both qualitative and quantitative data.
They will also be responsible for conducting FGDs and selection for beneficiaries for case studies.
The Field supervisors will be responsible for managing the field executives. The field supervisor
will make sure that the data collected from the field is of good quality. He/She/They shall also be
responsible for managing any uncertainties on the field
The Data Entry operators will be responsible for putting data into the database.
The Data Analysts would be responsible for analyzing the data collected from the field as well as
secondary data.
The filmmaker team will be responsible for shooting and editing the documentary.
The Project Manager will be responsible for coordinating among different teams and writing
reports.

Tool for Data Collection

For collecting data for impact assessment, three tools would be used:

Structured Interview Schedule for collecting data about the socio-economic profile of the
households. Information like health status, educational status, sources of income, number of
members in the family, assets owned, debts etc. will be collected through these schedules.
Additionally, the information for quantitative part of the impact assessment like additional income
gained, impact on soil, performance of plants will be collected through these schedules.

Interview Guides for interaction with the stakeholders to know their opinion about the functioning
of the scheme.

Interview Guide for beneficiaries

 Opinion about functioning of the scheme
 Perception about impact on living conditions
 Perceptions about their capacity
 Views about the impact on environment
 Views about the implementation strategy for the scheme
 Opinion about the strength of the program
 Opinion about the weaknesses of the program
 Suggestions for improving the scheme
 Suggestions for additional support they might require
 Attitude of people from the implementing agency
 Participation of the beneficiaries in planning/implementing
 Support from the implementing agency
  Sustainability of the project
 Views about micro enterprises in farm
 Experience of negotiation with government department
 Experience of managing the badis

Interview Guide for Women beneficiaries

 Experience of working with the scheme
 Impact of the scheme in daily chores
 Decision making power in the household
 Participation in the process of implementation
 Views about strengths of the scheme
 Views about weaknesses of the scheme
 Experience with the implementing agency

Interview Guide for implementing agency

 Response of the community
 Support from the community
 Participation from the community
 Financial/logistical issues in the implantation
 Capacity building sessions for the beneficiaries
 Strengths and weaknesses of the
 Impact of the scheme on women’s life
 Impact of the scheme on climate change
 Suggestions for improving the scheme

Interview Guide for officials from Tribal Development

 Views about the functioning of the scheme
 Financial roadblocks
 Administrative strengths and challenges
 Response of the community
  Importance of such schemes

Focus Group Discussions with the stakeholders at village level and with other stakeholders. The
focus group discussions would be around the themes discussed in the interview guides.

Case Study around 4 different themes will be prepared as follows:

 Change in living conditions due to the project

 Good practices for sustainability of the badis

 Impact on Environment

 Women empowerment

Structure of analysis

Qualitative Data- The in-depth interviews of multiple stakeholders and the FGDs comprise of the
qualitative data for this study. It will be analysed in the following manner:

Categorisation

Coding

Summarising

Categorization- The responses for the open- ended questions will be categorized in accordance
with different themes. Narratives with quotes will also be extracted from the data to bring out
specific examples and contexts.
Coding- Next, coding will be done to bring out the different perspectives of the stakeholders about
an issue.

Summarizing- The data would be then summarized to form a coherent picture of the impact
assessment. The analysis would be done to gauge the impact of the scheme on people’s income,
living conditions, climatic conditions and so on.

Based on the analysis of the qualitative data, we shall recommend strategies to make the
implementation of this project more effective.

Case Study- The case study will be selected from among the beneficiaries while taking the in-
depth interviews. The beneficiaries would be selected and asked for their consent to be filmed as
a part of digital documentary. After talking to the beneficiaries, a story line would be
conceptualized to develop each case into a documentary. A suitable timing would be fixed for the
shooting and after that final editing would be undertaken to complete the process.

Quantitative data-The quantitative data in the assessment comprises of the socio-economic profile
of the respondents and the structured interviews with the respondents.

Secondary Data- Secondary Data in the form of reports of the implementing agency about the
project will also be carried out. In conjunction with the primary data, the secondary data will be
analyzed to form a coherent picture of the program.

Structure of Report
According to ToR, three main reports shall be supplied to Poverty Monitoring and Policy Support
Unit (PMPSU) MP, which are Inception Report, Progress Report, and Final Report which shall
contain the following components
 Inception Report Progress Report Final Report

• Introduction • Introduction • Introduction

• Methodology • Description on • Methodology
• Data Collection work done • Findings from the
Tools • Description about study
• Workplan how much work is • Recommendation
• Logistics and left • Summary
Support • Changes in work
• Summary plan (if any)
• Challenges (if any)
• Summary

WORK PLAN

The impact assessment will be conducted as per the following timeline as prescribed:

Task M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6

Finalization of data collection tools,

methods, data sources, indicators
Inception Report
Data Collection
Progress Report 1
Data Collection
Data Entry
Data Analysis
Report Writing-Draft
Draft Final Report
Finalizing report
Final Report and Plan