URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

ACTIVITY 1:

1. What are the improvements (development) that you observed in your locality?
Impasugong is making a way in becoming a progressive municipality. Several infrastructures and
projects have put up to access goods and for the general welfare of its people as well. As I
observed, it’s best to have a municipal hospital since nowadays we have number cases thriving.
With this project, it allows us to have sufficient and convenient medical care. Also, it would be
easier for us to get access as we’re not going to other municipalities to confine our patient.
Hopefully, this will be realized in the long run.

2. What are the economic, physical and social impacts of development in your locality?
There are numerous impacts of development in my locality. Firsthand, it bought a bunch of
employment rate. With the projects and programs downloaded by the current administration,
unemployed workers who  are actively looking for work have now given an opportunity to
work and jobs. Also, it decreases the number of underemployment in our locality. Hence,
the unemployment rate is considered one of the most important economic indicators.

3. How does planning impact development in your locality?

Planning should be strengthen and intensified because this phase solidifies all the projects and
programs. If planning isn’t good at first then the degree of failure will exist. I can really say that
in my locality, the foundation of planning is beyond excellence as numbers of infrastructure
have been erected and realized. Thus being said, planning is indeed successful.

4. Who are the planners in your locality? Why are their roles important?
My huge respect to the current mayor of my municipality Hon. Anthony A Uy. He’s the one who
plans and the one who envision to have a progressive and competitive municipality. It’s essential
simply because without them do you think our projects and programs will exist? With their
presence, projects will be implemented.

5. What are the skills that you need to develop as a future planner? How do you think can it be
achieved?
There are so many qualities that you need to consider to be a successful planner. But, I think the
most important qualities are accountable, transparent and responsive. Without these, I’m pretty
sure that you can’t be a successful planner. You’ll just need to embody these because if you just
keep on talking without doing it so then you’ll never be effective and efficient.

ACTIVITY 2:

1. What are the imbalances of the demands and supply for growth and productivity in Manila?

SECTORS DEMAND SUPPLY

Economic  Land and Housing  Zero water supple
insecurity  Food Scarcity
 Hunger and poor
nutrition
Physical  Infrastructure  Land area
developments  Inadequate of trees and
 Traffic and Travel plants
demand
Social  Entertainment industry  Income Gap
 Clubs and Bars Resto  Refuge crisis

2. What are the limits of supply or constraints for growth and productivity in Metro Manila

SECTORS LIMITS OF SUPPLY OR CONSTRAINTS

Economic Shortage of food supply

Physical Water Scarcity

Social Floods

3. How can these limits of supply or constraints be reduced managed by the government in order
to match?

SECTORS Ways to reduce or manage the limits

Economic One of the best way to eradicate food supply is
plant vegetables along your garden area. Make
sure to store food because not every time is good
time.
Physical Sustainable water management. Improving water
infrastructure must be a priority, as water
conservation and efficiency are key components
of sustainable water management
Social Prevent deforestation and mining of the
mountains by private companies and provide
good drainage of water in the cities

4. What are the paradigm shift or interventions can you suggest to ensure the balance in the
demand and supply

SECTORS PARADIGM SHIFT OR INTERVENTIONS

Economic Improve food production and availability,

processing and conservation, supply and
commercialization
Physical Large scale interventions to water resources,
such as irrigation, dams and reservoirs, and water
withdrawals
Social Construct dams to stop excess water from
inundating dry areas.

ACTIVITY 3: Do check your understanding

SITUATION 1: The plan contains the following major contents:

Principle: The principle used in this first scenario is basically the clear and organized practice
Explanation: I can honestly say that they have comprehensive practices in planning. You can easily
achieve this since it’s well guided. You can easily input all the details needed and you can directly
spot the goals that you’ll attain.

SITUATION 2:
Principle: Funding Assistance through the United Nations Development Programme
Explanation: This principle used reinforcement such as funding assistance. I can really that they their
planning is attainable because they seek and tap other expert technical assistance. In this manner,
the goals will be easily realized as they have other hand to help and scaffold them.

SITUATION 3:
Principle: Collaboration of Neda X and Climate Change Commission
Explanation: With collaboration, they can gather and brainstorm new ideas to eradicate the
problems. Also, they can share their insights and possibly give recommendations as how to provide
solutions to the problems that will rise. It’s an open ended discussion and cooperation with each
other.

SITUATION 4:
Principle: Research Forum to disseminate the results.
Explanation: Personally, I can definitely say that this is reliable because it take so much time to
assess and evaluate the goals. Additionally, research provide valid reasons since this is real life
application and it’s experience by others. In this way, it can provided better solutions to the
problem.

SITUATION 5:
Principle: Master Plans
Explanation: I think this is least effective when it comes to planning. You can’t say that master plans
are consistent with because a person can lie with his/her ideas. Hence, you’ll ne deceive if you don’t
prior experience.

8. What are three principles which you perceived as important in planning? Why?
Suggested Principle Explanation
The planning is related to the future and for the While formulating plans, complete, clear and
future, there are several assumptions. reliable knowledge should be collected and
forecasts should be well prepared.
Principle of Efficiency This principle tells that the maximum results
should be obtained from minimum cost and
effort.
 If this does not become possible, or the goals are
not efficiently achieved, it may be regarded as the
inefficiency of planning.
Principle of Flexibility According to these principles of planning, plans
should be flexible. Flexibility means to change
according to need. Flexible plans may be revised,
in accordance with the changed requirements
and the losses may be averted or minimized

ACTIVITY 5: Consider the Regional Development Physical Framework in accomplishing the task.

Components of the RDFP Relevance to Standards Relevance to Implementation

1. Good Governance and Peace and order is an
Peace Order occurrence of harmony
characterized by the lack of
violence, conflict behaviors and
the freedom from fear of
violence. Thus, this will further
strengthen the serenity of the
community
2. Agriculture and Fishery Quality of life includes adequate
supplies of basic needs like
food, clothing, and shelter.
Agriculture provides food,
clothing, and shelter. It helps
people to enjoy a higher quality
of life. Hence, this standard can
help out our people to live.
3. Well-being and Welfare programs are usually
Improved Welfare funded by the taxpayers and
enable people to overcome
financial stress during the rough
periods of their lives. Mostly,
people using welfare will get a
biweekly or monthly payment.
The goals of welfare can be
promoting work, education, or
providing a better standard of
living.
4. Environment and Through, sustainable
Sustainable development standard it will
Development maintain a balance between
economic advancement while
protecting the environment in
order to meet the needs of the
present as well the future
Crucially, good governance can
ensure that peace lasts by
addressing root causes of
tension and making sure that all
citizens feel that their needs
and interests are fairly
represented.
The agriculture and fisheries
sector provides food and vital
raw materials for the rest of the
economy. Rising productivity
and efficiency in the sector are
critical in maintaining the
affordability of food and
purchasing power, especially
among the poor.
It enhances healthy lifestyles,
physical health and functional
abilities and promotes recovery
from illness. It also has
important social benefits on
educational attainment,
economic productivity, social
and family relationships, social
cohesion and overall quality of
life across the entire population.
Sustainability improves the
quality of our lives, protects our
ecosystem and preserves
natural resources for future
generations. … Going green and
sustainable is not only
beneficial for the company; it

5. Education and Youth
Empowerment
Education as the path leader
of the youth: It is with the
help of education that the
youth can choose and seek
their interests. They choose
their ways and directions of
lives. With this, they set goals
for themselves and strive to
achieve them
also maximizes the benefits
from an environmental focus in
the long-term.
Education plays a significant
role in the empowerment of
young people in all income
brackets, from poverty-stricken
to affluent. Education can open
up better economic
opportunities for them, improve
the quality of their lives, and
empower them to make the
world a better place for others
in their sphere of influence.

ACTIVITY 5:

SITUATION 1: NEDS RDC X FORMULATED ITS VISION AS STATED BELOW

STEP: Equal opportunities in harnessing its agricultural and natural resources and in building a
decent, harmonious and safe environment
Explanation: It’s essential to have an equal opportunities with each other so that the people can
feel that they’re inclusive and feel that they’re not left behind. Bias is always been the greatest key
towards aghast and anger. With these, toxicity will thrive.

SITUATION 2:
STEP: RDC-X nurtures the roles of other stakeholders to stir action for well-coordinated agenda to
manage disaster and climate risks.
Explanation: It’s essential to seek for help with the stakeholders. They’re the ones who will guide
and bring us together when there’s disaster. With them, we can prevent chaos and war. It’s a must
to protect our relationship with the stakeholders.

SITUATION 3:
STEP: Facilitates periodic review, evaluation and revision of the RPFP.
Explanation: Technically, we need to facilitate to the several process. From time to time, change is
there. How can we provide effective and efficient solutions if we don’t facilitate. Hence, we should
be focus so that we can provide accurate data and information.

SITUATION 4:
Step: Tracking the implementation of programs and projects
Explanation: We need to track the implementation process so that we can evaluate if we have a
successful project. It’s going to be useless if we don’t see the improvement. With this, it enables us
to have an idea of what are the things that needs improvement.

SITUATION 5:
Step: Update the Climate and Disaster Risk-Sensitive RPFP through new data and methodologies
Explanation: Change is always around the corner. We need to update the existing data so that we
can easily provide possible solutions to the problem. If so, we can immediately bridge the gap and
be able to think new strategies for new data and information.
ACTIVITY 6

Challenge 1: The increasing urban population, density, and demand for urban services.
1. What is/are the development directions of the country to overcome this challenge?
The best development directions that I can recommend is that people should be open minded
with sex education. Research says that dominant of the unwanted pregnancy were caused by
lack of knowledge regarding with sex education. Hence, we need to educate ourselves to the
possibilities if we’re knowledgeable in sex education.

2. What is the strategies that government should employ to address this challenge and achieve
the desired development directions?
Government should be the one who’ll spearhead the seminars for sex education. Also, they
should allocate budget for free condoms and other birth controls. Additionally, government
should give free consultation for married couples. In this way, we can address the challenges
and adversities in population growth.

Challenge 2: Unplanned expansion of settlement areas

1. What is/are the development directions of the country to overcome this challenge?
I think we need to intensify the law to combat the illegal settlers. Why? Because illegal settlers
will continue reclaiming the lands if government won’t take responsibility on this matter. If so,
illegal settlers will be afraid of doing it so.

2. What is the strategies that government should employ to address this challenge and achieve
the desired development directions?
Government should always be accountable since they’ve more power and authority on this
challenges. They should enact laws and regulations to strengthen the reclaiming of lands. With
this, we can minimize the illegal settlers of our country.

Challenge 3: Declining Agricultural Productivity

1. What is/are the development directions of the country to overcome this challenge?
As one the farmers, I recommend that government should support the farmers steadfastly.
Farmers are the ones who feeds us and without them we can’t survive. Thus, we need to
support our local products as this reinforce the efforts and labor our farmer. If we’ll just help
one another we can surely incline the agricultural productivity.

2. What is the strategies that government should employ to address this challenge and achieve
the desired development directions?
Farms plays a vital role in everyone’s lives. We need to show our support and love them,
without their hard work and efforts, we can’t survived. By simply, supporting local and
indigenous products, you can uplift the economic status of the farmers. On the hand,
government should also give free seedlings and fertilizers to our real life heroes as this extend
care and support to the farmers.

Challenge 4: Land Degradation in the Philippines

1. What is/are the development directions of the country to overcome this challenge?
With the advancement of technology, environment hasn’t been put on priority. Land
Degradation thrive to it’s finest. Hence, we should take this seriously because this our home. If
we continue doing it we’ll suffer from environmental, socioeconomic and climate pressures. If
 we don’t want this to happen, we should amplify our voices to speak and educate our fellow
constituents.
2. What is/ strategies that government should employ to address this challenge and achieve the
desired development directions?
As for the strategies, we need to have an exemplar policy when it comes to land degradation.
We need to have a comprehensive policy for us to be guided with the things that we can do and
not. We need to back up policies and regulations because this will be the basis for the violations
and penalties they have violated.

Challenge 5: Limited access to land

1. What is/are the development directions of the country to overcome this challenge?
We’ve been known Bukidnon as of the biggest population in the world. It sadden me because
we’ve been known Bukidnon for expansive land areas. We should ne mindful of how many
house do you need to tike. We should always support our local and indigenous products.
Together we can overcome this.

2. What is/ strategies that government should employ to address this challenge and achieve
the desired development directions?
Government should promulgate policies that provide the framework within which the
development control process can take place. In the absence of this framework and
guidance, how can applications for development permission be assessed? What criteria will
be used to determine whether or not a development proposal is compatible with nearby
activity/land uses or is located on an appropriate site or includes the necessary facilities to
support the proposed activity?

Challenge 6: Outdated land use plans and increasing role of LGU’S planning
1. What is/are the development directions of the country to overcome this challenge?
Government should be transparent in land use plans. This really important because this
ensures that resources are used efficiently so that the needs of the people are met while
safeguarding future resources. This planning process can be used to prevent land-use
conflicts and reduce exposure to pollutants. Land use planning is essential for any
development project.

2. What is/ strategies that government should employ to address this challenge and achieve
the desired development directions?
Government should push for law also that for remedies for those persons affected by
planning and development decisions/activities and penalties for those who fail to comply
with the provisions of the legislation.
ACTIVITY 7: Do practice and expand
1. What did I learn from the module
I learned that this module equipped us with knowledge within land areas. Me, myself and I
experienced different scenarios that my circle of influence quarrel because of land. This open up
my cognitive aspect to take this seriously because I know for sure that I’m just alone facing this
kind of problem.

2. Why is this significant?

I think that government should look this in way that they can provide better solutions.
Numerous people tend to be violent and aggressive when it comes to land ownership. Some
might forget that they’re family and some kill they’re circle just because of land. Hence, we need
to strengthen the laws that we should impose for us to avoid chaos and harm.

3. How will I apply my learning in real life situation?

I see that I should be responsible for educating my family since I can hear stories that beyond
facts. It’s my duty and responsibility to inculcate them the right and factual law when it comes
to land ownership.

ACTIVITY 8:

RURAL SETTLEMENTS URBAN SETTLEMENTS

Agriculture Cars

Wildlife Traffics

Farms and ranches Buildings

Gardens Railways

Green nature Trains

ACTIVITY 9:
1. How does human settlement effect urbanization in Cebu City?
With globalization band modernization, urbanization really affects the way of living and human
settlement of cebuanos. For instance, on the brighter side, the job opportunities thrive to its
finest. If you’re really wanted to have an easy job, you can just travel to Cebu. On the other
hand, when it comes to environment, they tend to look for something that’s fresh and green
nature to unwind their selves in the hustle and bustle City.

2. In your city or municipality, cite 1 barangay which characterized rural settlement. Why?
Most of the barangay in my municipality is considered as rural settlement but I one barangay
that I can say is the place of Dumalaguing. Simply because there ‘s no access to internet
connection and there’s no even signal on your phone. Additionally, people really speak with
 their native dialects and children weren’t engage in social media and gadgets. Dominant of their
livelihoods are agriculture. If you go there, you don’t aircon because the air will surely caress
your soul.

3. Out of the estimated 108.8 million people in 2019 in the Philippines, what are the advantages
and disadvantages of having 47.15% urban population and 52.85% rural population in the
country’s growth and productivity in terms of the economic, physical, social sectors as well as
public administration and governance?

SECTOR/AREA ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

ECONOMIC Urbanization brings higher
productivity because of its
positive externalities and
economies of scale and people
will have bigger opportunities
and help them discover
consumption opportunities. For
the rural, with agriculture, we
can help them thrive the
economic status.
PHYSICAL Large cities are often cultural
hubs for their entire state or
region. There’s no shortage of
events, activities, and
excitement, which often attracts
people from other areas. Rural
communities may be far from
the big city, but they are closer
to nature and green spaces.
Spending time outdoors
is highly beneficial for your
health and wellbeing. 
IAL Cities are full of people. You
have countless opportunities to
meet new people and make
new friends every single day.
Rural communities tend to be
small and tight-knit. Because
there are so few people and
only a handful of places to
congregate, you can really get
to know your neighbors.
In rural areas, average incomes
have been lower, poverty rates
higher, and unemployment and
underemployment more
extensive. While in urban area,
there may be more high-paying
jobs available in the city, but
more people are competing to
get those positions.
Cities are a desirable place to
live, which results in higher
housing prices and smaller
dwellings. In rural areas, Small
towns have limited access to
public transportation.
Cities tend to have much higher
crime rates than small, rural
towns. As for the rural,
Similarly, there are fewer
people, there are also fewer
businesses you can patronize.
 4. What are the consequences if urban and rural areas failed to establish linkages or
partnership? How can the government correct and prevent these consequences from
happening?

CONSEQUENCES CORRECTIVE MEASURES PREVENTIVE MEASURES

These regional differences have
led to a series of land use
problems, such as land
degradation due to improper
use, land pollution because of
increased industrialization, food
security issues due to the
conversion of agricultural land
and/or over-intensive farming,
as well as ecological issues
caused by land use change
Understanding rural-urban It is best placed for decision-
linkages matters because it making on physical transport
provides the basis for measures and communication
that can improve both urban infrastructure; however,
and rural livelihoods and expenditure for infrastructure
environments. Ignoring them can be significant and well
means that important beyond the means of local
opportunities will be lost, and in government. Wider alliances,
many cases it will also which increase access to
contribute to poor and marginal financial resources, are
people’s hardship. There are therefore necessary.
urban initiatives that can reduce
ecological damage to rural
areas, and help support regional
development. However, with a
narrow urban-centric approach,
such initiatives are unlikely to
be given the priority they
deserve.

ACTIVITY 10:
1. Consider urbanization in the Philippines, what are the causes and effects of urbanization in
the Philippines in terms of the following sectors/areas: economic, physical, social and public
governance and administration. How can urbanization be solved in the Philippines?

SECTOR/AREAS CAUSES OF EFFECTS OF SUGGESTED

URBANIZATION URBANIZATION SOLUTIONS TO
URBANIZATION
Economic Industrialization and The industrialization To lessen the negative
Commercialization has increased effects of rapid
employment urbanization while at
opportunities by giving the same time
people the chance to conserving natural
work in modern ecosystems, private
sectors. investments should be
Commercialization and encouraged so as to
trade come with the utilize natural
general perception that resources and create
the towns and cities more job
offer better opportunities
commercial
 opportunities and
returns compared to
the rural areas.

Physical Modernization plays a When more people Governments should

very important role in move to towns and also encourage
the process of cities, one of the major sustainable use of
urbanization. As urban challenges posed is in urban resources and
areas become more the transport system. support an economy
technology savvy More people means an based on the
together with highly increased number of sustainable
sophisticated vehicles which leads to environments such as
communication, traffic congestion and investment in green
infrastructure, medical vehicular pollution. infrastructure,
facilities, dressing code Many people in urban sustainable industries,
and enlightenment, areas drive to work and recycling and
liberalization. this creates a severe environmental
traffic problem, campaigns, pollution
especially during rush management,
hours. Also as the cities renewable energy,
grow in dimension, green public
people will move to transportation, and
shop and access other water recycling and
social needs/wants reclamation.
which often cause
traffic congestion and
blockage.
Social People also embrace Overcrowding is a Governments should
changes in the modes situation whereby a pass laws that plan and
of living namely huge number of provide
residential habits, people live in a small environmentally sound
attitudes, dressing, space. This form of cities and smart growth
food, and beliefs. As a congestion in urban techniques, considering
result, people migrate areas is consistent that people should not
to cities and the cities because of reside in unsafe and
grow by absorbing the overpopulation and it polluted areas.
growing number of is an aspect that
people day after day. increases day by day
as more people and
immigrants move into
cities and towns in
search of a better life
 2. What are the five possible ways the government can do to ensure effective implementation of
the Balik Probinsya Program and resource mobilization that would entice the support of the
urban dwellers in this program?
1. Government should stay and stick with their plans. They shouldn’t just rely on word but
they should take this into reality. Honestly, the plan is beyond excellent and it’s going to
be useless if they can’t put this into practice.
2. Government should also allocate budgets for this. How can this work if they don’t
allocate funds and budget? They must be transparent with all the government
transaction at all times.
3. Coordinate with the stakeholder and persons involved in implementation. This may be
as simple as communicating to your client community. However, few solutions today
can be implemented without involving a number of organizations.
4. Monitor the solution. Usually the project team will spend some period of time
monitoring the implemented solution. If there are problems that come up immediately
after implementation, the project team should address and fix them.
5. Government should also be particular with their duties and responsibilities so that the
programs will be easily push through.

ACTIVITY 11:

AREAS FOR PHYSICAL EXAMPLE OF ISSUES AND SUGGGESTED INTERVENTIONS

PLANNING
Planning within the context of
national network of settlement
Spatial Distribution and
Planning for future population
growth
Infrastructure and basic
services
Housing and informal settlers
Food Security and Land
Conversion
CONCERNS EXISTING NON THE
PHILIPPINES
Unable to construct a
comprehensive context of
hierarchical network.
Physical plans become
unrealistic and difficult to
implement
Provision of infrastructure and
basic services and demand of
the existing population.
Rapid urbanization, low income
levels and lack of areas
allocated for affordable
residential development
Food Scarcity and unsupported
farmers
Aside from making a
comprehensive context, they
should also employ strategies
for economic growth and focus
on the delivery of services.
1. Redevelopment/
renewal
2. Growth of other
towns/cities
3. Urban
expansion/metropolitan
growth
4. New town/city
development
It’s essential to adopt a more
strategic approach to planning
for the land and infrastructure
requirements of basic services.
Direct allocation and improving
infrastructure to access
unutilized land.
Protect key agricultural
production sites, enhancing

Environmental Impacts
ACTIVITY 12:
QUESTIONS
What is the current situation of
Metro Manila?
What is the main task of the
urban and regional planners for
Metro Manila?
QUESTIONS
What are the appropriate
actions that planners need to
do for Metro Manila’s
settlement development and
urbanization?
What is the expected results
based on the actions of the
planners?
Black smokes and air, land
population
PLANNING
Metro Manila is considered as
the most highly urbanized place
in the country. Thus being said,
government should relocate
informal settlers to the
hinterland so that Metro Manila
wont be congested with
numbers of people.
They should also intensify and
double their work so that
informal settlers will be lessen.
Also, urban should add people
or workforce as they can quickly
monitor the informal settlers.
PLANNING
Regional planners should
strengthen the formulation,
adoption and implementation
of policies, standards, rules and
regulations, programs and
projects to rationalize and
optimize urban land use and
provide direction to urban
growth and expansion.
I believe that thru this projects
we can minimize the numbers
of informal settlers and we can
eliminate the population
density and demands of urban
environments.
productivity.
Provide laws to have a
sustainable development of the
environmental impacts.
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
These constraints should be
create a significant change.
Government should provide &
impose law for informal settlers.
If so, informal settlers won’t
easily relocate to Manila as
there are laws amended by the
government.
They should always monitor the
condition of it's people.
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Create private-public
partnerships to provide services
such as waste disposal and
housing
Combat poverty by promoting
economic development and job
creation
 ACTIVITY 14:
1. What is the main idea of each theory/model? How can you use the theory/model in the
planning practices of the Philippines?
THEORIES/MODELS
Matter of the Center versus the
Periphery
Growth Poles Theory
Circular Circulation Theory
Stages of Economic Growth
Circular Cumulative Causation
Theory of Unbalanced Growth
Rational-Comprehensive
Approach
MAIN IDEA
The center–periphery model
thus suggests that the global
economy is characterized by a
structured relationship between
economic centers which, by
using military, political, and
trade power, extract an
economic surplus from the
subordinate peripheral
countries.
The core idea of the growth
poles theory is that economic
development or growth is not
uniform even an entire region,
but instead takes place around
a specific pole.
A circular economy is a systemic
approach to economic
development designed to
benefit businesses, society, and
the environment
Suggested that developed
countries have tended to pass
through five stages to reach
their current degree of
economic development.
It’s a multi-causal approach
where the core variables and
their linkages are delineated
where the form of an institution
will lead to successive changes
in other institution.
Development is a chain of
disequilibrium that must be
kept alive rather eliminate the
disequilibrium of which profits
and losses are symptoms in a
competitive economy.
This theory focused on the
improvement of the built
environment based on key
PLANNING PRACTICES USAGE
The core periphery model
shows spatially how economic,
political, and cultural authority
is dispersed in core or dominant
regions and the surrounding
peripheral and semi-peripheral
regions.
The pole is often characterized
by a key industry around which
linked industries developed,
mainly through direct and
indirect effects.
In a circular economy,
manufacturers design products
to be reusable
The five stages are as follows
Traditional Society, pre
condition to take-off, take off,
drive to maturity, and age of
high mass consumption.
The theory emphasizes that
“Poverty is further perpetuated
by poverty” and “Affluence is
further promoted by affluence”
If economy keeps moving
ahead, the task of development
policy is to maintain tension,
disproportions and disequilibria.
It relied on a small group of
highly specialized technicians,
including architects, urban
 factors.
Incremental Approach This approach meant choosing a
small number consequences
and are firmly bounded by
reality, constantly adjusting the
objectives of the planning
process using multiple analyses
and evaluation.
Mixed Scanning Mixed Scanning approach
would allow planning
organizations to work on both
the functional and mote big-
picture oriented levels.
Transactive Planning This theory focuses on
interpersonal dialogue that
develops ideas,, which will be
turned into action.
Advocacy Planning The Advocacy Planning model
take the perspective that there
are large inequalities in the
political system and in the
bargaining process between
groups that result in large
numbers of people unorganized
and unrepresented in the
process.
Radical Planning This model is a stream of urban
planning which seeks to manage
development in an equitable
and community-based manner.
Bargaining Model The Bargaining Model views
planning as the result of giving
and take on the part of a
number of interests who are all
involved in the process.
Communicative Approach It focuses on using
communication to help
different interests in the
process to understand each
other.
Concentric Zone Model It also known as the Burgess
Model or the CCD Model, is one
designers, and engineers.
Planning as “mudding through”
and thought that practical
planning required decisions to
be made incrementally.
Organizational plan on two
different levels: the tactical and
strategic
Planner gets more information
on the community and citizens
to become more educated
about planning issues.
A plurality of public interests is
assumed, and the role of the
planner is essentially the one as
a facilitator who either
advocates directly for
underrepresented groups
directly or encourages them to
become part of the process.
It promotes the urgency of
decentralizing planning,
advocating a planning paradigm
that is normative l, innovative,
political, transactive and based
on a social learning approach to
knowledge and policy.
It makes public participation the
central dynamic in the decision-
making process. Decisions ate
made first and foremost by the
public.
The idea is each individual will
approach a conservation with
his/her own subjective
experience in mind and that
from that conservation shared
goals and possibilities will
emerge.
This concentric ring models
depicts the Central Business

Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
of the earliest theoretical
models to explain urban social
structures .
It also known as the Hoyt
Model, is a model land used and
it is a modification of the
economic concentric zone
model of city development.
It says that even though a city
may have begun with central
business district other smaller
develop on the outskirts of the
city.
District was in the middle of he
model and the city expanded in
rings with different land uses.
This model includes the facts it
allows for an outward
progression of growth.
This creates nodes or nuclei in
other parts of the city besides
the CBD this the name multiple
nuclei model.

2. What are the steps in the planning process? Discuss how each step can be use in planning.

STEPS PLANNING PRACTICES USAGE

1. Analyze Your Situation  Gather as much information as possible at

this stage. This will help you to formulate
a more detailed and robust plan further
down the line.
2. Identify the Aim of Your Plan  When you’ve completed a realistic
analysis of your situation, and the
opportunities for change, the next step is
to precisely define the aim of your plan.
This sharpens your focus, and stops you
from wasting effort on irrelevant issues.
3. Explore Your Options  By this stage, you should have a good
understanding of your situation and what
you want your project to achieve. The
next step is to work out how to do it!
4. Select the Best Option  When you’ve explored your ideas, you
need to decide which one to pursue. If
you have the necessary time and
resources, you might decide to do detailed
planning, costing, and risk assessment
work for each one
5. Detailed Planning  With your final decision made, you need
to establish the most efficient and
effective way to achieve your aim. This
determines who will do what, when,
where, how, why, and at what cost.
6. Evaluate the Plan and Its Impact  The next stage is to review your plan and
decide whether you should implement it.
It’s crucial to be objective here – even if
you’ve done a lot of work to reach this
 stage, it may still not be worth your while
to pursue the project.
7. Implement Change  If you’ve followed the previous steps
closely then your plan should also explain
how to implement it! It should also show
how you will monitor its progress and
execution

3. Discuss the planning system and the plans of the Philippines in the national, regional, and
local levels

LEVELS PHYSICAL PLANNING SYSTEM PHYSICAL PLANS

National Government
Regional Government
Local Government
Spatial Planning National Framework for Physical
Planning
Socio-economic Development Regional Framework for
Planning Physical Planning
Comprehensive Development Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Plan

4. Discuss the function of the National Economic Development Authority.

LEVELS FUNCTIONS

1. National Government  It formulates as an integrated national

land use policy agenda that would guide
the allocation, utilization, development
and management of the country’s
physical resources
2. Regional Government  Lays out policies and initiatives related to
the distribution, utilization,
management, and development of land
and material resources.
3. Local Government  Granting more power, authority,
responsibility and resources by the
national government to its local
counterparts, the former seeks
engagement of the latter to have “more
freedom in carrying-out programs
suitable for their areas” and to be more
“self-reliant and active partners in
development”
FINAL TERM EXAM

Urban Issues and Challenges Applicable Theories/Models of Planning Process

Metro Manila is facing many
difficult challenges—including
provision of public health
services, housing, water,
sewage services, garbage
collection, transportation, and
education—following a
dramatic increase in population
over the past two decades that
has strained urban
infrastructure.
Planning
Philippine urbanization has a
distinct hierarchy of
settlements. The Metro Manila
landscape is characterized by
high rises of moderate and high
income citizens and the
informal slum settlements of
those citizens living in poverty.
The settlement hierarchy is very
evident with a high
concentration of population in a
few urban centers.
The project proposed here, the
Slum Upgrading Project (SUP), is
an initiative of private investors,
international aid organizations,
and local authorities with the
aim of creating small offices
that would be in-stalled in the
informal settlement areas.

MODULE 4: URBAN DESIGN

ACTIVITY 7: MODULE 1
Guide Questions: (15 Points)
1. What is the current situation of your barangay?
 Honestly, our barangay is slowly gearing up to urbanization. Several infrastructures and
establishment are conspicuous alongside in the highways. I can definitely say that it’s getting
congested as people are competing for businesses.

2. What are the improvements and development needs or challenges?

 I guess everyone is keen and particular with the needs and necessities of the people. Hence, the
challenges and needs of Impasugonganons are easily addressed as there numerous
establishments nestled in the barangay.

3. What are the development directions and strategies initiated by your barangay?
 I believed that they just always open to implement change in the locality. Whenever there’s
people rise, automatically, the barangays solve this in a way that they think what’s best solution
to address the gap.

ACTIVITY 11: MODULE 2

Guide Questions:
1. What is the current situation of your barangay in terms of urban and rural settlements?
 As I observed, most of the people has roof over their heads. In fact, there were 2 housing
established in the heart of Impasugong. Thus, everyone has their own house and you can’t see
people who are living along the streets.
2. How does human settlements in your barangay affects urbanization?
 When the human settlements are in, then expected that there are numbers of people living in
the locality. It affects the urbanization as businesses are thriving and increasing since the
demands of the people needs to be addressed.

3. What are the current situations concerns on physical planning in your barangay?
 The issues and concerns that rise above is the road widening. This isn’t a big issue but they
should be address. But mostly, the roads are fully constructed and accessible. This magnified
how LGU do its job.

4. What are the settlements development initiated by the barangay to address the issues and
concerns on the physical planning?
 They always update the LGU so that people would come along and help one other. For instance,
they go to the barangay to check who’s your idea?

ACTIVITY 13: MODULE 3

Guide Questions

1. What are the planning theories applicable to your barangay?

 I think the Explanatory Analysis, Instead of explaining what happened, they’re more focused on
how and why it happened and what should happen next and, in most cases, communicating that
to the necessary decision-makers and stakeholders.

2. What is the community involvement in the physical planning process of the barangay?
 Community takes a massive involvement in physical planning process. In fact, without
community planning stage won’t be realized. There voice can be the efficient tool to assess and
create an objective.

3. What is the physical planning system in your barangay?

 As a primary planning and implementing unit, the barangay is mandated to plan development
projects and programs and implement government policies and activities in the community,
create projects in its territory and to deliver basic services of the government to the people.