Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 5 - Alternate Energy Sources PDF
Unit 5 - Alternate Energy Sources PDF
Rajesh, AP/Mech,RMKCET
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
Use of Natural Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Bio-diesel and Bio-ethanol
Engine modification required
Gasohol as fuel
Hydrogen as fuel
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Fuel Cells
80
EQUIPMENT
DAY OF OIL
70
60 D e s ir e d d e m a n d
50 P o t e n t ia l s u p p ly
40
30
20
10
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
YEAR
Utilization Share
Agriculture
Domestic 4%
18% Transport
51%
Commercial
13%
Industry
14%
Jatropha curcus
Pongamia pinnata
Rubber seeds
Madhuca indica
Neem oil
Flash point, °C 35 49 70 70 71
min.
Transesterification
- Lower viscosity (nearer to diesel)
- Lower density
- Lower carbon residues and cloud points
- Higher cetane number
- Heating value slightly reduced
- improves the volatility
Prepared By:K.Rajesh, AP/Mech,RMKCET
TRANSESTERIFICATION
Availability of Ethanol
Methane - 91.9 %
Ethane - 3.7 %
Propane - 1.2 %
1-butane - 0.4 %
CO2 - 2.0 %
Dual-fuel
- vehicles have two separate fuel systems, with only one
fuel being used at a time.
flexi-fuel
- vehicles have one fuel system operating on a mixture of
fuels.
LowerIgnition Energy
Small Quenching Distance
High diffusivity
Lower density
Gasification
synthesis gas which reacts with steam to produce more
hydrogen
Electrolyte Processes
Electrolytic processes use an electric current to
split water into hydrogen and oxygen
Photolytic Processes
Uses light energy to split water into hydrogen and
oxygen
Liquid hydrogen
Manifold introduction
Supplementation to gasoline
More Expensive.
GB: Gearbox
M: Electric motor
Disadvantages of IC Engine
COMPONENTS INVOLVED:
•ELECTRODES(ANODE&CATHODE)
•ELELCTROLYTE
•CATALYSTS
•BACKING LAYERS
•FLOW FIELDS TO ENHANCE DIFFUSION AND CONDUCTION OF
FUEL CELLS
• CURRENT COLLECTORS
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Advantages
• Zero Emissions
• High efficiency
• High power density
• Recharging is not required
Quiet operation
Disadvantages
1. Portable applications
small personal vehicles
laptops, cell phones
Backup power
2.Transportation applications
Industrial , Public &Commercial transportations
Marine and Military transportation
3. Power distribution applications
Small power grids
Power plants
Prepared By:K.Rajesh, AP/Mech,RMKCET