Exam 2: Solutions

∂z ∂z 2 3
Problem 1. Use the chain rule to find ∂u and ∂v if z = x y +x sin y,
2
x = u , y = uv. Solution.
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y 3 2 2
= ∂x ∂u + ∂y ∂u = (2xy + sin y)(2u) + (3x y + x cos y)v
∂u
2 3 3 4 2 2 2
= (2u u v + sin(uv))(2u) + (3u u v + u cos(uv))v
6 3 6 3 2
= 4u v + 2u sin(uv) + 3u v + u v cos(uv)
6 3 2
= 7u v + 2u sin(uv) + u v cos(uv).
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y 3 2 2
= ∂x ∂v + ∂y ∂v = (2xy + sin y) · 0 + (3x y + x cos y)u
∂v
4 2 2 2 7 2 3
= (3u u v + u cos(uv))u = 3u v + u cos(uv).

2 3
Problem 2. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = x y +
√ − −→ −→ −→ xz at (1, 2, 3) in
the direction of a = 5 j + k .
−→
Solution. The unit vector in the direction of a is
u= a = →− +
→− 5 1

j
→− a √ √
k→−k 26 26
Then
→− − r −
√
D u f (1, 2, 3) = f (1, 2, 3)

z
= 2xy3 + √ −→ 2 2−→ √x −→ i + 3x y j
2 x +2zk
(1,−2,3)

· √26 →− + √26→−

5 1

j k
→− + !
= (−16 + 2
)→− + 12 2√ 3 →− · √26 →−
√3 1 5

i j k j
60 1
= √ + √ . 26 2 78
 Problem 3. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface
2
z = x y at the point (1, 2, 2).
1
 2

Solution. The equation of the tangent plane to the surface z = f

(x, y) at the point (x0, y0, z0) is

z = z0 + fx(x0, y0)(x − x0) + fy(x0, y0)(y − y0).

2
We have fx(x, y) = 2xy, fy(x, y) = x , fx(1, 2) = 2 · 1 · 2 = 4, fy(1, 2) =
2
1 = 1. Thus, the tangent plane is z = 2 + 4(x − 1) + 1(y − 2), i.e.,
z = 4x + y − 4.

Problem 4. The temperature, T , at a point in space is given by T (x,

2
y, z) = 400xyz degrees Celsius. Use the Lagrange multiplier method
2 2 2
to find the highest temperature on the sphere x + y + z = 1.

2
Solution. The problem is to maximize T (x, y, z) = 400xyz which
2 2 2
is subject to the constraint g(x, y, z) = x + y + z − 1 = 0. The
2
Lagrange equations Tx = λgx, Ty = λgy, Tz = λgz become 400yz =
2
2λx, 400xz = 2λy, 800xyz = 2λz. Eliminating λ from these
equations, we obtain
2 2
200 yz 200xz

= = 400xy.
x y
(Note that z 6= 0, otherwise it follows from the Lagrange equations that x
= y = z = 0 which is impossible for the given constraint.) The first of the
2 2 2 2
two equations above gives x = y , and the second one gives z = 2y .
2 2 2
From the constraint equation we obtain y +y +2y = 1, i.e.,
1 1 1 1
2
4y = 1. Thus y = 2
or y = − . Correspondingly, x =
2 2
or x = − ,
2

√ 2 √2
and z = or z = . The maximal value of the temperature
2
2 −2 2 2
T (x, y, z) on the sphere x +y +z = 1 is therefore

1 1 √ 1 1 √ 2
2
! 2

T 2 ,2 , 2 = 400 · 2 · 2 · 2 ! = 50 (degrees Celsius).

Problem 5. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant

2
enclosed by z = 4 − y , z = 0, x = 0, y = x, and y = 2.
 Solution. The projection of the solid onto the xy-plane is the (tri-
angle) domain D bounded by the lines x = 0, y = x, and y = 2. It can
be described by the inequalities 0 ≤ y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ y. Therefore the
 3

volume of the solid is

ZZ 2 Z 2 Z y 2
V = D(4 − y ) dA = 0 0 (4 − y ) dx dy
2 2

2 y Z 2
= Z 0 x(4 − y )|x =0 dy = 0 y(4 − y ) dy
4
2 y
3 2
= Z 0 (4y − y ) dy = 2y − 4

= 8 − 4 = 4.

2
2 √ 4−x 2 2
)
Problem 6. Evaluate R R e−(x +y dy dx by converting to an
−2 0
equivalent integral in polar coordinates.
Solution. The domain of integration D is described in rectangular
√
2
coordinates as −2 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 − x . Thus, D is an upper half
of the disk of radius 2 centered at the origin. In polar coordinates, D
can be described as 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, 0 ≤ r ≤ 2. Thus,

2 √ 4−x2 π 2

ZZ
Z Z e−(x2+y2) dy dx = e−r2 r dr dθ
−2 0 0 0
π 2
= −2
Z
0
Z
0 e−r
d(−r2) dθ
1 2

π dθ
= −2 Z
e−r r=0
1 2 2

0
π
= −2
Z
0 (e −4 − 1) dθ = −2(e−4
− 1) · π
1 1
 π
−4
= 2 (1 − e ).
1 2
RR

2
Problem 7 (extra credit). Evaluate cos(x ) dx dy by convert-
0 2y
ing to an equivalent integral with order of integration reversed.
4

Solution. The domain of integration D is described as a type II

domain by 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 2y ≤ x ≤ 2. It can be easily seen that D is a
triangle bounded by the lines y = 0, x = 2y, and x = 2. The domain
x
D is described also as a type I domain by 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2 .
Therefore,
x

1 2 2 2

Z Z cos(x2) dx dy = ZZ cos(x 2) dy dx =
Z
y cos(x2) y2=0 dx

0 2y 0 0 0
2 2
2
= Z0
2 cos(x ) dx = 4 Z0 2x cos(x2) dx

x 1

2 2 2 2
= 4 Z
cos(x ) d(x ) = 4 sin(x ) 0 = 4 .
1 1 2 sin 4
0