Episode 3

Bisaya! How rich is your

Literature?
Representative Texts from Central Visayas

Eyes on me
Welcome to 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World specifically, the Central
Visayas. This is a Core Learning Subject under the Senior High School Track or Strand you are
enrolled in.
Have you even asked: What are the Provinces consist by Central Visayas? Where are they
located?
Now, here’s a background check of Region VII-Central Visayas:

Central Visayas, designated as Region IV, is a region of

the Philippines located in the Central part of the Visayas island
groups. It consists of four provinces- Bohol, Cebu, Negros
Oriental and Siquijor, and the highly-urbanized cities of Cebu
City,Lapu- Lapu City and Mandaue City.
The land area of the region is 15.875 square km. As of
2015 census, it has a population of 7,396,898 making it the
second most populous region in the Visayas and 5th rank of the
country’s 17 regions. Cebuano is the dominant language of the
region. (Philippine Statistics Authority)
Bohol

The island province of Bohol has a

population of 1, 102,000 in forty-eight towns and
one city, Tagbilaran which is the provincial capital.
The island seems to have even more history than
usual of long and bitter fighting against foreign
invaders, Spanish, American and Japanese. This
represents the concept of blood-brotherhood
between Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Sikatuna.

Cebu

The Philippine province of Cebu includes

the island of Cebu and a number of smaller islands
nearby. The area of the province is 5, 088 sq. km.,
the population is 2, 179, 00 in forty-seven towns
and five cities, of which Cebu City is the capital.
The Province has rich in mineral resources, with
copper and cements the leading products, and also
produces large amount of coconut oil, rice and
maize.

Negros Occidental

Negros Occidental occupies the eastern part

of the island of Negros. The province has a
population of 1, 124,000 by the 2000 census on
5402 sq. km. in twenty-two towns and three cities,
Dumaguete (capital), Canlaon and Bais. The
population has long been a mix of Negritos, Malays
and Chinese.
 Siquijor

The island of Siquijor is the smallest of the

four provinces of Region VII (at 343.5 sq. km.),
least populous (at 82, 000 most recent census), and
the newest province in the region. It comprises the
six towns, the municipality of Siquijor serving as
the capital.

Heads Up

In this episode, you will:

years

-test to determine your current state of knowledge in the subject

tral Visayas literary

history.

Please come back to these outcomes later after our last task in this episode.

Have fun learning!

Necks Back

Here is a pre-test to check what you have learned previously in your elementary and high school
years. Don’t worry, this is only a diagnostic activity and this would not measure if you will be a
good student or not. This is only for the purpose of knowing where we will start in your learning
in the subject. Also, your teacher will be around to facilitate your amazing study of Central
Visayas literature in the 21st century.

With this, answer the ‘What a word!’ assessment on what is the appropriate visayan word used
based on the given English translation, put your answer in the space provided. A Word Bank is
provided in the bottom for your choices.

Answers will be shared later by the teacher once you are done answering this pre-test.

Good luck!
What a word!

1. one (adj.); before (adv.); deer (n.)

2. chair (n.); set of three consecutive mahjong tiles (n.); he (pron.); she (pron.)

they (pron.)

3. this [nominative/near you and me] (adv.); this (pron.)

4. child (n.); offspring (n.); progeny (n.)

5. is (v.)

6. nay (adv.); no (adv.); not (adv.)

7. Bohol Island (n.); Bohol province (n.)

8. I (pron.); mine (pron.)

9. this [possessive/near you and me] (adv.); thus (adv.)

10. from (prep.); depart (v.); emanate (v.); leave (v.)

11. for (prep.)

12. but (adv.); yet (adv.); defect (n.); demerit (n.); fault (n.); flaw (n.); handicap (n.)

13. forward (adv.); there[motion/far] (adv.); onto (prep.); to (prep.); unto (prep.)

14. there [near] (adv.); upon (adv.)

15. in order to (adv.)

16. hers (pron.); him (pron.)

17. character (n.); human (n.); individual (n.); man (n.); mortal (n.); person (n.)

18. left (adj.); no (adj.); without (adj.); non (adv.); none (adv.)

19. her (pron.); hers (pron.); him (pron.); his (pron.)

20. albeit (adv.); although (adv.); despite (adv.); even (adv.); though (adv.); yet (adv.)

21. directly beneath (adj.); because (conj.); due to (prep.)

22. current (adj.); present (adj.); now (adv.)

23. all (adj.); everybody (n.); everyone (n.); everything (n.)

24. cinnamon (n.); them (pron.)

25. another (adj.); other (adj.); along (adv.); companion (n.); gray hair (n.); mate (n.)
uban tungod mao
kanila tawo alang anak
tanan kaniya gikan kini
karon aron niini sila
wala diha ako siya
niya ngadto Bohol usa
bisan apan dili
Hearts All In

Let’s use the previous task for this part here on sharing what is intended for the episode. At the
same time, we will discuss what we have to learn more about the Central Visayas Literature and
its history.

Major and Minor Languages

Major Language
A. Cebuano -Language mostly spoken in Central Visayas by most of its speakers as Bisaya
or Binisaya. Second-most-spoken language in the Philippines next to Tagalog.

Minor Languages
B. Bantayanon -spoken in Bantayan Islands of Cebu province.
C. Boholanon -a Cebuano dialect spoken in Bohol.
D. Hiligaynon - spoken in western Negros Oriental.
E. Porohanon -spoken in Camotes Islands of Cebu province.

Question:

How important are these major and minor languages when it comes to communication?

History

In the annotation of the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal of Dr. Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas which narrates the Filipino civilization before the coming of the Spaniards the
indications of early Filipino civilization were exposed as opposed to the Spaniard’s claim that
Filipinos were uncivilized people before they came. Some of them were the early Filipino-
Chinese trade, the early written laws of the Philippines, its early forms of government and
literature.

In that annotation, it was mentioned that Filipinos had their own distinct literature even before
the coming of the Spaniards. The first known Filipino poet was Karyapa who happened to be the
Visayas and so a Bisaya. Aside from that, the Bisayas have lots of poets and writers who can be
proud of. Cebuano, the dialect spoken by most of the natives in the area, could be a very
figurative language if you would only try to explore. And so, in this episode, you will experience
the beauty of Visayan literature through the different Visayan legend, folktale, proverbs and
riddles.
Question:

Who is Karyapa in the world of Visayan Literature?

Famous Contributors of Visayan Literature

Don Vicente Yap Sotto was called the "Father of

Cebuano Journalism, Language and Literature." The
first issue of the "Ang Suga," the first newspaper
in Cebuano, published the first short story in Cebuano,
entitled "Maming." It was printed on the first issue of Ang
Suga on June 16, 1901.

Hope Sabanpan-Yu is a short story

writer/poet from Cebu City, Philippines. She
earned her doctorate degree in Comparative
Literature from the University of the Philippines
Diliman and her Master of Arts in English from
the University of Calgary (Canada).

Lakambini A. Sitoy is an author,

journalist and teacher. Her novel Sweet Haven
was published in French translation by Albin
Michel as "Les filles de Sweethaven" in October
2011, in the original English by the New York
Review of Books in 2014, and by Anvil
Publishing Inc. in 2015.
Foremostly a poet, Emeniano Acain Somoza, Jr. is
also a fictionist, an essayist and a playwright. He hails
from Siquijor Island, an island in Central Visayas, south of
the Philippine Archipelago. Most of his stories have been
published in Philippine Graphic, Philippines Free
Press, The Philippine Star, and anthologized in ANI
Literary Journal of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
 Ernesto Degumbis Lariosa, also known as Nyor
Erning, (December 11, 1944 – August 20, 2019) was
a Filipino Visayan writer, poet, and columnist
from Cebu, Philippines and a three-time Palanca awardee
in Cebuano short story. In 2003, he was recognized by
the Cebu City government as the "Vanguard of Cebuano
Literature".

Lina Espina-Moore (born Austregelina Espina)

(May 20, 1919 – 2000) was a Cebuano writer. She was a
recipient of the S.E.A. Write Award.She was born
in Toledo, Cebu.

Ian Rosales Casocot (born 1975) is a creative

writer and journalist from Dumaguete City, Negros
Oriental, Philippines. He is known for his prizewinning
short stories "Old Movies," "The Hero of the Snore Tango,"
"Rosario and the Stories," "A Strange Map of Time," "The
Sugilanon of Epefania's Heartbreak," and "Things You
Don't Know."

Uldarico Aguilar Alviola Sr. (born July 4, 1883

and died April 29, 1966) was a Filipino Visayan civil
servant, novelist, and editor from Cebu, Philippines. While
he wrote in English and Spanish, his published works in
Cebuano language earned him the title, "Dean of Cebuano
Writers."

Tomás N. Alonso (1881 – 1962) is a well-

known Cebuano Visayan writer. He published the first
complete Cebuano translation of Jose Rizal's El
filibusterismo. He also translated the Mi último adiós. He
was a columnist with Bag-ong Suga and editor of the
Spanish publication La opinión.
 Marjorie Evasco is an award-
winning Filipino poet, born in Maribojoc, Bohol on
September 21, 1953. She writes in two languages: English
and Cebuano-Visayanand is a supporter of women's rights,
especially of women writers. Marjorie Evasco is one of the
earliest Filipinafeminist poets.[1] She is a recipient of
the S.E.A. Write Award.

Martin Abellana (1904–1989) was

a Filipino Visayan writer. He was a teacher by profession.
In the years 1956 to 1958, he was president of the
LUDABI, a group of writers in Cebuano. His novels are
characterized by a concern for the working class. Abellana
National School, Cebu City is named after him.

Erlinda Kintanar Alburo is a prolific

contemporary Cebuano language scholar and promoter of
the language. She is the Director of the Cebuano Studies
Center of the University of San Carlos, Philippines. She is
an active member of Women in Literary Arts (WILA), and
writes poetry both in English and cebuano. She teaches on
the anthropology of linguistics.

Marcelino M. Navarra (June 2, 1914 – March 28,

1984) was a Filipino Visayan editor, poet, and writer
from Cebu, Philippines. He was regarded as the father of
modern Cebuano short story for his use of realism and
depictions of fictionalized version of his hometown, barrio
Tuyom in Carcar, Cebu.
Literary Pieces

A. Legend

THE LEGEND OF CATALINA OF DUMAGUETE

It is said that even the wild people who once roamed the remote mountains spoke of Catalina
with love. Around the coastal towns and villages of the island, when the wind whips the waters
of the Tañon Strait into a frenzy and storms rampage in from the sea, the old men and women
would gather their grandchildren around the glow of burning coconut lamp. As the wind howled
and shook the walls and the roof they would tell the story of Catalina of Dumaguete.

They would tell how many, many years ago, there was an old man named Banog who made his
living by making daily rounds of the town selling the sweet water from the coconut tree. This
was before the custom of making it into strong liquor became widespread. Although Banog was
poor, he was very much respected and considered a good man despite his poverty. Banog had a
daughter named Catalina, and everyone did all they could to support them because the Gentle
People always supported one another the best they could.

At the age of sixteen, Catalina was a very pretty and hardworking girl. She always wore a long
white dress, which she kept spotlessly clean and in good repair. Everyone agreed she was very
good of character, with a lovely nature, and everyone liked her. But in some ways she was a very
strange girl. She very rarely spoke, and was often found standing staring out over the sea while
shading her eyes with one hand. At other times she would suddenly stand tall while clasping her
hands together and gaze into the sky, as though she could see something that no one else could.
Because of these strange characteristics, the people believed she had some mysterious power of
sight.

THE PIRATE ATTACK

There came a day when a fleet of ships carrying fierce pirate warriors appeared off the coast of
Dumaguete. They came ashore and attacked the islanders, killing the men and enslaving the
women. They even killed poor, harmless, Banog. They robbed and pillaged, and rounded up all
the women and placed them on to a ship to be sold as slaves. One of the prisoners was Catalina,
and she sat silently in the bow of the ship staring fixedly at the sky. Although her companions
talked to her trying to comfort her, she gave them no reply. Then a very wonderful thing
happened. Suddenly, Catalina stood upright and leaped from the bow into the water. But instead
of sinking, she landed lightly on the sea’s surface and walked over the waves back to her island
home. Her captors were astounded, but made no attempt to stop or interfere with her because
they feared her, so she reached shore safely.
There were still many survivors on the island who had escaped and hid in the forests, and when
they saw Catalina return they all came out to meet her. Although they greeted her warmly, she
said nothing and gazed beyond them at the great Thunder Mountain of Dalugdug. Then, she
walked straight towards it with her eyes still fixed upon it. She walked through the burnt town of
Dumaguete, ignoring the horrors that lay all around her, and strode steadfastly onwards.
© Princeofmagatas CC BY-SA 4.0 Source

THE SIGBIN OF THE THUNDER MOUNTAIN

The Thunder Mountain of Dalugdug was the home of a terrible beast called a Sigbin. Some say it
was like a monstrous crow but under its neck two long legs protruded, similar to those found on
grasshoppers, which gave it the ability to leap great distances without the need to use its wings.
There are many conflicting descriptions, possibly because few people survive an encounter with
one. Others say the Sigbin is a nocturnal creature that can suck the blood from the shadows of its
chosen victim, and it has a terrible smell that is often the first sign of it being nearby. At every
opportunity it would attack and kill humans and sometimes it ventured out in search of prey.
People feared to go near the Thunder Mountain.
When the people saw Catalina begin to take the road up to the mountain, they grew afraid and
cried warnings to her. She took no notice, but continued to stride along the mountain path with
her eyes firmly fixed on the mountain top. She walked higher and higher until all they could see
was the white of her dress floating up the mountain.
Suddenly, Catalina stopped and raised her hands. A terrifying sound was heard, and the Sigbin
came rushing down the mountainside taking great leaps and screaming. It leaped over the heads
of the people and jumped across the sea to the island of Cebu, where it hid itself in the
mountains.
Seeing the panicked departure of the Sigbin, the people ran up the Thunder Mountain looking for
Catalina. To their sorrow they found no sign of her, although they searched and searched.
Dismayed, the people returned to their ruined town intent on rebuilding it and making it a fair
and happy place to live again.

THE PIRATES RETURN

They rebuilt Dumaguete, and several years later a fleet of pirate ships again appeared off the
coast. This time the men were determined to fight and armed themselves with what poor
weapons they could find. They gathered on the beaches to meet the invaders, and told the women
to take the children and the animals into the forest and hide.
Although they were not warriors, the Gentle People remembered their loved ones who had been
killed or enslaved and remembered their homes that had been destroyed and they fought fiercely.
This time they managed to drive the enemies back to the sea. But more pirate boats arrived with
reinforcements and landed further along the shore, and they came around behind the defenders.
The islanders eventually became outnumbered and exhausted and were facing defeat.

THE RETURN OF CATALINA

Then something else wonderful happened. A cloud floated across the sky to form a bridge from
the Thunder Mountain to Dumaguete, and down the bridge strode Catalina carrying in her hands
a beehive. She stood before the astounded pirates holding the beehive high above her head, and
then spoke magical words and placed it on the ground in front of them. She uttered a single word
of command, and from the beehive instead of bees thousands of fierce little men swarmed out
wielding deadly spears. Instantly, they attacked the pirates and killed all of them. Then, Catalina
picked up the hive and returned over the cloud bridge to the Thunder Mountain without saying
another word.
The people came out of hiding and asked the little men many questions. They gave no answers,
and ran back through the forest to the Thunder Mountain where they are said to live to this day
wild and free. Also, the Sigbin has never returned and is still said to haunt the mountains of the
island of Cebu.

REMEMBERING CATALINA

All this happened a long, long time ago. For many years thereafter, during anxious and
frightening times, the old men and women of Dumaguete would gather their grandchildren
around them. They would tell the story of Catalina, the strange girl with the faraway look in her
eyes, who chased out the Sigbin and came down from the Thunder Mountain and saved their
ancestors from the pirates. So this is why all the Gentle People love and remember Catalina, who
is still said to reside on the Thunder Mountain of Dalugdug.
B. Visayan Riddles
Tigmo tigmo, literally translates to "Riddles, riddles!" Just as every country has its own set of
riddles, the Visayas Region is also rich in this type of statement or question or phrase having
a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be solved. It's called "tigmo" in Cebuano
and "bugtong" in Filipino.
Bisaya Riddles
Gipalit ko bisan ug mahal,
Apan magpulos lamang ug magbitay.
Na-ay kaban sa pari,
Ukbon dili mauli.
Ako, apan dili ko magamit,
Laing tao ang mogamit.
Mohilak, apan walay mata,
Molakaw, apan walay tiil.
Ang dahon na-a sa bunga,
Ang bunga na-a sa dahon.
May ligon nga balay,
Ang haligi atua sa taas,
Ang atop atua sa ubos,
Ang ulan gikan usab sa ubos?
Hikit-an sa tanang adlaw,
Apan dili nimo makamkam.
May baba apan dili makasulti.
Didto ang buno,
Dinhi ang dugo.
Dili mananap, ug dili tao,
Walay tiil, apan makalakaw;
Walay baba, apan maka sulti.
English Translation Answer
{I bought it and it's costly,
earrings
But I use it for hanging only.}
{There's a priest's trunk,
an egg
But when opened, it could not be
closed.}
{I own it, but I don't use it.}
your name
{It cries without eyes,
a pen
it walks without feet.}
{The leaves are on the fruit,
a pineapple
The fruits are on the leaves.}
{What house has post on top,
A roof at the bottom,
a boat
While the rain comes from
below?}
{You can see it every day,
the sky
But cannot touch it at will.}
{It has a mouth, but cannot talk.} a cave
{The murder happened there,
a flood
But the blood flowed here.}
{Neither an animal nor a person;
a letter
It has no feet, but can walk;
It has no mouth, but can talk.}
C. Visayan Sayings/Proverbs

Mga Panultihon sa Binisaya

Aron dili ka limbongan, pangutana sa presyo sa tulo ka tindahan.

In order that you would not be cheated, ask the price at three shops.

Kon ikaw sa usa ka tawo makautang, kinahanglan magpakita ka niya sa kanunay.

If you owe a man anything, there is nothing like seeing him often.

Kon makapalit ka ug barato, ikaw ra ang matonto.

If you got a thing too cheaply, you’ll be taken in.

Kon gusto ka nga makakita ug higala, pautanga sya ug ayaw paningla.

If one wishes to get friends with his fellows, let him buy on credit and
never collect the money.

Ang magbaligya, pirming moingun na tam-is ilang baligya.

The melon seller declares his melon sweet.

Kadtong magabuhat ug maayo panalanginan, kadtong magabuhat ug dautan,

paninglan.
Those who lay up goodness prosper; those who lay up evil are destroyed.

Ang kasing-kasing na matarung, dili mahadlok; Bisan liti ang madungog.

The upright in heart, fears not; not even the thunderbolts.

Ang pamilya na nagatanum ug kaayohan, nag ani ug kapalaran; ang nag tanum ug
kadautan, nag ani ug Lonlon kasakitan.
The family that accumulates virtue will have felicity; but the family that
increases in evil will have misery.

Sa katapusan, ang maayo ug dautan paga gantihan; Ang pangutana mao, moabot
ugma ug karon?
In the end, good and evil will have its rewards; the question is, will it come
sooner or later?

Ang mga butang na dili hikit-an, ug dili hidungan sa tawo, sa langit hikit-an ug
hibaloan.
What man sees not, and hears not, Heaven sees and knows.
Ang kasing-kasing sa mga tawo, mao ang kasing-kasing sa langit.
The heart of the people is the heart of Heaven.

Ang pag sulti, sapi. Ang paghilum, bulawan.

Speech is silver, silence is gold.

Ang puthaw madunot sa iyang kaugalingon na taya.

Iron is destroyed by its own rust.

Ang Owang nga matulog, paga dad-on sa solog.

Asleeping shrimp is carried away by the current.

Walay kauswagan, kon walay inantusan.

There is no success, if there is no sacrifice.

Ang magdula sa kalayo, masunog gayod ug seguro.

He who plays with fire, is surely burned.

Ang tanum na kalabasa, ang bunga pagabiyaan sa iyang pag panaw.

A squash plant leaves its fruits behid as it travels.

Ang pobre kon makalapas, sa tanang tawo hikitan.

A poor man’s mistake is noted by all.

Ang sayop sa uban, himatngonan, apan ang imo, tabunan.

Other’s fasults you see clearly, but not you own.

Ang tawo kon mahadlok, molukso bisan unsa ka habog.

There is no fence too high for a frightened person.

Bisan unsa ka taas sa prosisyon, mo pauli gayod sa kaugalingon.

No matter how long the procession be, it always goes back to its starting
place.

Unsaon pa ang kompay, kon patay na ang kabayo?

Oh what’s the use of the hay, when the horse is already dead?

Pila'y pa'ad sa pungkol.

Everyone has his luck.

Hands Out to Help

Task 1- Know me! (Famous Contributors of Visayan Literature)

Complete the table below, by listing down the Contributors of Visayan Literature (as shown in
the previous page) and their role in the World of Visayan Literature.

Contributors Role
1. Don Vicente Yap Sotto

2. She is a short story writer/poet from Cebu

City, Philippines.

3. A Filipino Visayan editor, poet, and writer

from Cebu, Philippines.

4. Erlinda Kintanar Alburo

5. She is an award- winning Filipino poet, born

in Maribojoc, Bohol.
6. Martin Abellana

7. Ernesto Degumbis Lariosa

8.
She was a Cebuano writer. She was a recipient of
the S.E.A. Write Award. She was born in Toledo,
Cebu.
9. 10.

11. Tomás N. Alonso

12. He was a Filipino Visayan civil

servant, novelist,
and editor from Cebu, Philippines.
13. She is an author, journalist and teacher.

14. Emeniano Acain Somoza, Jr.

Task 2- Make it short! (The Legend of Catalina of Dumaguete)

Using a plot diagram, fill in the diagram below of the series of events of the Legend of
Catalina of Dumaguete from exposition to denouement/resolution and after, write the
theme and the moral lesson of the legend in the box provided below.

THE LEGEND OF CATALINA OF DUMAGUETE

Theme:

Moral Lesson:
Task 3- What is it? (Visayan Riddles)

Identify what is the answer of the given visayan riddles(tigmo-tigmo) based also on the given
choices. Incircle the letter of your answer.

1. Usa ka prinsesa, nagpungko sa tasa ( A princess sits on cup).

a. kasuy (cashew) b. mabolo (persimmon) c. pinya (pineapple)

2. Nakatago nga nagabukot, nagapakita sa iyang bungot ( Hidden and shrouded, but beard
protrudes).
a. mata (eye) b. mais (corn) c. lansang (nail)

3. Di mananap di tawo, mokaon og gisado ( Neither animal nor man, but eats guisado [ variety of
stirfried noodles]).
a. kaha (frying pan) b. lababo (sink) c. basurahan (bin)

4. Di isda di pato, magtingog kon gusto ( Neither fish nor goose, but creates noise whenever it
pleases).
a. pito (whistle) b. plawta (flute) c. baki (frog)

5. Kaban sa pari, kon ukbon di mauli ( A priest's trunk/ chest, once opened can never be closed).
a. pitaka (wallet) b. itlog (egg) c. bagol (coconut shell)

6. Tan- aw kanako, aron makakita ka kanimo ( Look at me, so you will be able to see you).
a. samin (mirror) b. anino (shadow) c. mata (eye)

7. Gamay nga babaye, nagguyod sa iyang tinai ( There's a petite woman whose bowels are
trailing behind her).
a. tatlong (snail) b. anino (shadow) c. dagum (needle)

8. Sa salog gibuno, sa ilong naigo ( Pelted on the floor, but hits the nose instead).
a. bola miuntol (bouncing ball) b. utot (fart) c. anino (shadow)

9. Si Adan ug Eba naggukod sa taliwala, pag- abot sa daplin dayong nangawala ( Adam chases
Eve in the middle of somewhere, but disappears when reaching near).
a. balud (wave) b. bato naligid (rolling stone) c. uwan (rain)

10. Hikit- an tibook adlaw, apan dili nimo mahakgum (A sight the whole day, but cannot be
touched).
a. adlaw (sun) b. balangaw (rainbow) c. langit (sky)
Task 4- Your turn! (Visayan Sayings)

Based from the given sets of visayan proverbs or sayings on the previous page, now it is your
turn to make your own Sayings/Proverbs(much preferably a visayan one) and write what is the
hidden meaning in each sayings.

Ex: Pila'y pa'ad sa pungkol. Meaning: Everyone has his luck.

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________

Saying:_______________________________________________________________________

Meaning:________________________________________________________________
Ears Down to Listen

Here are possible answers to the tasks in the previous pages:

Task 1

1. He is the "Father of Cebuano Journalism, Language and Literature."

2. Hope Sabanpan-Yu

3. Marcelino M. Navarra

4. She is a prolific contemporary Cebuano language scholar and promoter of the language.
She is the Director of the Cebuano Studies Center of the University of San
Carlos, Philippines.

5. Marjorie Evasco

6. He was a teacher by profession. In the years 1956 to 1958, he was president of the
LUDABI, a group of writers in Cebuano.

7. He is a Filipino Visayan writer, poet, and columnist from Cebu, Philippines and a three-
time Palanca awardee in Cebuano short story.

8. Lina Espina-Moore

9. Ian Rosales Casocot

10. He is a creative writer and journalist from Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines.

11. He is a well-known Cebuano Visayan writer. He published the first complete Cebuano
translation of Jose Rizal's El filibusterismo.

12. Uldarico Aguilar Alviola Sr.

13. Lakambini A. Sitoy

14. He is a fictionist, an essayist and a playwright. He hails from Siquijor Island, an island in
Central Visayas, south of the Philippine Archipelago.

Task 2- answers may vary

Task 3

1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. C

Task 4

Imbes ga dali, nag ka bali.

Haste makes waste.

Sa siging pili, sa pinilian pauli.

Too much choosing leads to a poor choice.

Nagdaginot sa binlod, nag usik-usik sa bugas.

Man in his attempt to own everything, may lose things of much greater
importance.

Puslan nga maligo, manglugod.

In doing a piece of work, one must do it well

Ang gaba dili magsaba!

Curse, karma comes anytime

Ang kalimot way gahom.

Everyone may forget

Bisan ang ulan may paglurang.

Everything has an end.

Unaha una og silhig ang imong tugkaran, una ka manlimpyo sa uban!

Get rid first of the bad things around you before telling others to clean their
mess also.
Noses Straightened

To check if you have really learned a lot in this episode, here is a Chapter Quiz. Read and answer
the items carefully. Then, select the item which corresponds to your answer. Good luck!

Test I Compare and Contrast!

Central Visayas Literature vs. Eastern Visayas Literature. Using a Venn diagram, identify what
are the simmilariities and differences of of the two Visayan Literature. You can use your mobile
data or any references to search for the Eastern Visayas Literature since Central Visayas
Literature was been presented as seen on the previous page.

Central Visayas Literature Eastern Visayas Literature

Test II Multiple Choice

Read the following excerpts from the Legend of Catalina of Dumaguete and answer the
following questions based on the given choices.

THE PIRATE ATTACK (An excerpt from the Legend of Catalina of Dumaguete)

There came a day when a fleet of ships carrying fierce pirate warriors appeared off the
coast of Dumaguete. They came ashore and attacked the islanders, killing the men and enslaving
the women. They even killed poor, harmless, Banog. They robbed and pillaged, and rounded up
all the women and placed them on to a ship to be sold as slaves. One of the prisoners was
Catalina, and she sat silently in the bow of the ship staring fixedly at the sky. Although her
companions talked to her trying to comfort her, she gave them no reply. Then a very wonderful
thing happened. Suddenly, Catalina stood upright and leaped from the bow into the water. But
instead of sinking, she landed lightly on the sea’s surface and walked over the waves back to her
island home. Her captors were astounded, but made no attempt to stop or interfere with her
because they feared her, so she reached shore safely.
There were still many survivors on the island who had escaped and hid in the forests, and when
they saw Catalina return they all came out to meet her. Although they greeted her warmly, she
said nothing and gazed beyond them at the great Thunder Mountain of Dalugdug. Then, she
walked straight towards it with her eyes still fixed upon it. She walked through the burnt town of
Dumaguete, ignoring the horrors that lay all around her, and strode steadfastly onwards.

1.) What is the place mentioned on the C. Weak and shy

excerpt? D. Strong and independent
A. Cebu B. Bohol C. Dumaguete D. Samar
7.) What word that described the reaction of
2.) What did the pirates do to the woman the pirates on Catalina’s escape?
they caught? A. Adjacent B. Shocked
A. Pleased them to join B. Enslave them C. Amused D. Astounded
C. Killed them D. Marry them
8.)”She leaped into the sea but didn’t sink
3.) Banog was also killed during appearance and instead she was able to walk back home
of the warriors. What kind of animal is with the help of waves”. Is this happen
Banog? really in real life?
A. Bird B. Cat C. Dog D. Rat A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Sometimes

4.) How did the author described the Banogs 9.) Where did some of the survivors hid
of Dumaguete? themselves?
A. Strong and powerful A. Forest B. River
B. Poor and dangerous C. In their houses D. On the other island
C. Small and precious
D. Poor and harmless 10.) A mountain was mentioned on the last
part of the story. What mountain is being
5.) Who is the girl in the excerpt? mentioned?
A. Catrina B. Catalina A. Mt. Apo
C. Carmina D. Camila B. Mt. Everest
C. Mt. Kanlaon
6.) Her braveness signifies what trait of D. Thunder Mountain of Dalugdug
Filipino woman?

A. Strong and brave

B. Feminine and shy
Test III Multiple Choice (Continuation)

THE SIGBIN OF THE THUNDER MOUNTAIN (An excerpt from the Legend of Catalina of Dumaguete)
The Thunder Mountain of Dalugdug was the home of a terrible beast called a Sigbin.
Some say it was like a monstrous crow but under its neck two long legs protruded, similar to
those found on grasshoppers, which gave it the ability to leap great distances without the need to
use its wings. There are many conflicting descriptions, possibly because few people survive an
encounter with one. Others say the Sigbin is a nocturnal creature that can suck the blood from the
shadows of its chosen victim, and it has a terrible smell that is often the first sign of it being
nearby. At every opportunity it would attack and kill humans and sometimes it ventured out in
search of prey. People feared to go near the Thunder Mountain.
When the people saw Catalina begin to take the road up to the mountain, they grew afraid and
cried warnings to her. She took no notice, but continued to stride along the mountain path with
her eyes firmly fixed on the mountain top. She walked higher and higher until all they could see
was the white of her dress floating up the mountain.
Suddenly, Catalina stopped and raised her hands. A terrifying sound was heard, and the Sigbin
came rushing down the mountainside taking great leaps and screaming. It leaped over the heads
of the people and jumped across the sea to the island of Cebu, where it hid itself in the
mountains.
Seeing the panicked departure of the Sigbin, the people ran up the Thunder Mountain looking for
Catalina. To their sorrow they found no sign of her, although they searched and searched.
Dismayed, the people returned to their ruined town intent on rebuilding it and making it a fair
and happy place to live again.

1. The sigbin is a_____ creature? A. Because they are afraid of sigbin

A. Good creature b. Nocturnal c. Small creature
2. Why do people are afraid of getting near to
Thunder Mountain?
A. Because it is big
B. Because of the ghost living there
C. Because of the sigbin
B. Because of the Thunder Mountain
C. Because few people survive from the sigbin
7. What is the first sign that the sigbin is near?
A. There is a bad smell
B. They have long leg
C. They suck blood

3. A nocturnal creature who suck bloods from
the shadows of its chosen victim?
A. Vampire B. Bats C. Sigbin
4. Why people are looking for Catalina in the
mountain?
A. Because of the departure of the sigbin
B. Because sigbin wants to play with Catalina
C. Because sigbin wants to eat Catalina
5. Where did the sigbin hid itself?
A. At the river B. At the forest
C. At the mountain
6. Why there is many conflicting description
about sigbin?
8.Where is the Thunder Mountain located??
A. Dalugdug B. Cebu C. Manila
9. What did people do in their ruined town?
A. They cry and laugh at the same time
B. They dance until morning came
C. They rebuild it and make it a happy place to
live again
10. Whos white dress people see floating in the
higher part of the mountain?
A. Carmela
B. Catalina
C. Carmen
 Heels Over
Explore 1 Musical Play with a Twist!
In groups of 10 members, create a very creative musical play using the combination of Visayan
Riddles and Sayings/Proverb by making it into a song. Instead of using your preferred song in
the play, use the different Visayan Riddles and Sayings as your song to present during the play.
Please be guided of the rubrics attached here.
Character Development
Is the student creative in
his/her development and
delivery of their character?
Movement
Is the body utilized to the
student's utmost ability to
aid in development of
character's intent and
delivery of lines/music?
Focus
Does the student retain
focus (stay in character)
throughout the entire
performance?
Ensemble Contribution
Graded performance is part
of a scene. This is the
student's ability to work
with others.
Musicality
Does the student contribute
musically to the
performance?
Dance
Does the student make the
dance come alive?
Falls Short of Expectations
1 pts Student is in need of
additional skills and mastery of
the techniques needed for a
successfully delivered theatrical
performance.
Falls Short of Expectations
Character objective and
motivation is lacking.
There is little depth or range of
choices. Student is doing little
more than walking around the
stage lip-syncing.
Falls Short of Expectations
Student strives to employ
appropriate use of physicality,
but overall, moves without
purpose. Execution of
choreography is inconsistent.
Falls Short of Expectations
Student never truly immerses
enough into their character to
produce any kind of believability.
Student's focus is easily broken;
attention wavers often, student
seems unprepared.
Falls Short of Expectations
Student's awareness and
willingness to connect to other
ensemble members is weak.
Student seems to have little
concept of how to work as a
team.
Falls Short of Expectations
Student lip-synchs or sings
mostly off pitch.
Falls Short of Expectations
Student does not remember
dance moves.
Meets Expectations
2 pts Student possesses sufficient skill
and mastery of all techniques needed
for a successfully delivered theatrical
performance.
Meets Expectations
Character's motivation is somewhat
defined.
Depth and range of choices is
adequate.
Meets Expectations
Student employs appropriate use of
physicality to enhance character with
body movement and facial expression.
Student uses an appropriate amount of
blocking to add interest to the piece.
Student's movements usually reflect
purpose.
Any choreographed moments are
sufficient and executed effectively.
Meets Expectations
Student weaves in and out of character
slightly throughout performance.
Student subtly breaks focus when
possible distractions occur.
Meets Expectations
Student's awareness and willingness to
connect to other ensemble members is
acceptable.
Student's ability to work as part of a
team is sufficient.
Meets Expectations
Student is engaged in the music,
expresses emotion and sings
accurately.
Meets Expectations
Student executes the dance moves
with appropriate expression in time to
the music.
Surpasses Expectations
3 pts Student possesses exemplary
skill and mastery of all techniques
needed for a successfully delivered
theatrical performance.
Surpasses Expectations
Character objective and motivation is
well-defined.
Depth and range of choices is
expansive.
Surpasses Expectations
Student employs phenomenal use of
physicality to enhance character with
body movements and facial
expressions.
Student uses a variety of blocking to
add interest to the piece.
Student's movements always reflect
purpose.
Any choreographed moments are
succinct and well executed.
Surpasses Expectations
Student stays completely immersed in
their character throughout the entire
performance.
Student never breaks focus, even
during missed lines/cues or mistakes in
the music.
Surpasses Expectations
Student's awareness and willingness to
connect to other ensemble members is
very apparent.
Student's ability to work as part of a
team is extraordinary.
Surpasses Expectations
Student sings masterfully and
interprets the material with accuracy
and flair.
Surpasses Expectations
Student moves confidently and
executes the dance moves with grace
and flair.
Explore 2 News Article

Central Visayas Literature. Make a short news article on what you have done in this whole
topic. As we all know, news article covers the basics of current events. They answer the
questions: who, what, where, how, and when? Please be guided of the rubrics attached here.

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Headline Article has a Article has a Article has a Article is missing
headline that headline that headline that does headline.
captures the reader's accurately describes not describe the
attention and the content. content.
accurately describes
the content.
Supporting The details in the The details in the Most details in the The details article
Details article are clear and article are clear but article are clear. are neither clear nor
supportive of the need to be Article does not related to the topic.
topic. developed more. focus on the topic
Some details may well.
not fit in with the
topic.

Who, What, Article adequately The article is missing The article is missing The article is missing
When, Where & addresses the 5 W's one of the 5 W's. 2 of the 5 W's. 3 or more of the 5
(who, what, when, W's.
How where and how).
Lead Sentence Lead sentence grabs Lead sentence tells Lead sentence is not There is no clear
the reader's attention most important clearly connected to lead sentence in the
and focuses the details. the article. article.
reader on the topic.

Spelling and No spelling or No more than a No more than 3 Several spelling or

Grammar grammar errors. couple of spelling or spelling or grammar grammar errors.
grammar errors. errors.

Explore 3 News Broadcasting

Refer to Explore 2, in groups of 4 members; broadcast the news articles that you’ve made in
Explorer 2 and present it in front. ? Please be guided of the rubrics attached here.

Beginning Developing Proficient Advanced

6 pts 7 pts 8 pts 10 pts

Presentation Beginning Developing Proficient Advanced

Performance is not professional.
There are numerous errors in
broadcast.
Performance attempts
professionalism but comes
across as immature or
monotone.
Performance is Performance is
professional and professional and creative.
complete. Skill and mastery of
broadcast concepts are
beyond expectations.

Lead Beginning Developing Proficient Advanced

Content
The story leads do not tell all of The story leads tells majority The story leads All story leads are
who, what when, where, why or of who, what, when, where, contains all 5 W's. organized and describes
how. The facts may be why or how. The facts are The facts are the 5 W's with skill and
 incomplete, wrong or not
properly sourced.
Story Beginning
Content
The facts are incorrect, wrong,
not properly sourced or
undeveloped. The facts may be
confusing or inappropriate for
the story and news broadcast.
Editing Beginning
There are major errors in editing
and mechanics. Production and
script are poor.
Style Beginning
News style maybe inappropriate
for the story. Story is not told
from top down perspective.
mostly correct. Some may be
incomplete or not properly
sourced.
Developing
Attempts to develop the facts,
but are not clearly described
or sourced.
Developing
There are some errors in
editing and mechanics.
Production and script are
adequate.
Developing
News style is appropriate.
Some story facts are
incorrectly sequenced for top
down perspective.
END OF TEST
complete, correct and clarity beyond
properly sourced. expectations.
Proficient Advanced
Clearly and Story is developed in a
accurately develops way that shows skill and
facts. Information is mastery beyond
clearly described. expectations
Proficient Advanced
Minimal errors in No errors in editing or
editing and mechanics. Production and
mechanics. script are complete and
Production and script developed in a way that
are complete and exceeds expectations.
show creativity.
Proficient Advanced
News style is correct News style is correct,
and effective. Facts creative and effective.
are in correct order Facts are in correct order
using top down and are developed in a
perspective. creative and entertaining
way.