SHEAR

 STRENGTH  PROVIDED    by  CONCRETE  for    

NON  PRESTRESSED  MEMBERS  
[Link] Calculation for Shear Strength Provided By
Concrete Vc

1. For members subject to shear and flexure only:

(2010 NSCP)

Vc = 0.17 λ fc' bw d

2. For members subject to axial compression:

(2010 NSCP)

[
Vc = 0.17 1 +
Nu
14 A g
]λ fc' b w d

Nu = factored axial load normal to cross section occuring simultaneously with Vu

Ag = cross sectional gross area of concrete section
[Link] Calculation for Shear Strength Provided By
Concrete Vc

1. For members subject to shear and flexure only:

(2010 NSCP)

[
Vc = 0.17 λ fc' + 17 ρ w
Vu d
Mu
bw d ]

but not greater than Vc = 0.29 fc' b w d

Vu d
shall not be greater than 1.0
Mu
Vu = factored shear force at a critical distance d from the face of support
M u = simultaneous factored moment at a critical section for Vu
As
ρw =
bd
øVn = Vu
Vu
Vn = (nominal shear strength)
ø
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. For members subject to axial compression:

(2010 NSCP)

[
Vc = 0.17 λ fc' + 17 ρ w
Vu d
Mm
bw d ]
M m = M u - Nu ( 4h - d
8
)
Vu d
is not limited to 1.0
Mm
M m = is modified moment in kN.m
Nu = axial compressive force in kN
h = total depth of beam in m
d = effective depth of beam in m

Vc shall not be greater than:

0.3 Nu
Vc = 0.3 1 + fc' bw d
Ag

When Mm is negative:
0.3 Nu
Use Vc = 0.3 1 + fc' bw d
Ag
3. For members subject to significant axial tension:

(2010 NSCP)

[
Vc = 0.17 1 +
0.29Nu
Ag
]λ fc' bw d but not less than zero

N = axial compressive force in N (negative for tension)

A = cross sectional gross area of concrete section

Modification factors λ as multiplier of f' c

➀ λ = 0.85 for sand-lightweight concrete
➁ λ = 0.75 for all lightweight concrete
➂ λ = 1 for normal weight concrete

Vc = nominal shear strength provided by concrete

bw = width of beam
d = effective depth of beam
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SHEAR STRENGTH CAPACITY of
WEB REINFORCEMENT

Vu
Vs = - Vc
ø
Vs = shear strength of stirrups
2
Vs shall not be greater than 3 fc' bw d .
Vu = max. shear force at a critical distance “d” (effective depth of beam) from
support
Vc = shear strength of concrete

Reduction Factor For Shear

(2010 NSCP) ø = 0.75
Note: When Vu exceeds øVc/2, stirrups are needed.

SPACING of STIRRUPS or WEB REINFORCEMENT

1. When shear reinforcement is perpendicular to axis of

member.
Av fy d
S=
Vs
Av = shall be taken as two times the area of the bar in a circular tie,
hoop, or spiral at a spacing s.
Vs = shear strength of stirrups
2. When inclined stirrups are used as shear reinforcement.

Av fy d
S= (Sin α + Cos α )
Vs

MAX. SPACING of STIRRUPS

(2010 NSCP)

1. When Vs < 0.33 fc' bw d

Max. S = d/2 or 600 mm (whichever is smaller)

2. When Vs > 0.33 fc' bw d

Max. S = d/4 or 300 mm (whichever is smaller)
 MIN. AREA of SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

(2001 NSCP)`

bw S
Min. Av =
3 fy

Vu
øV s øV c /2
øV c

d no more stirrups
needed up to this point

(2010 NSCP)

0.062 fc' bw s 0.35 bw s

Min. Av = but not less than
fyt fyt
where bw and s are in mm.
fyt = specified yield strength of transverse
reinforcement (stirrup)

 
 Spacing of stirrups:
S=Av fy d/Vs

Vu øVc Spacing of stirrups:

S=Av fy t/0.35bw
øVc/2

d
Spacing of stirrups:
a) When Vs <0.33√fd bwd
S = d/2 or 600mm whichever is smaller
b) When Vs > 0.33√fc’ bwd
S = d/4 or 300mm whichever is smaller

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Problem:  1  
A typical framing plan of a bldg. is as shown.

B C D
A

3m
F G H
E

3m
J K L
I
3m
N O P
M

4m 4m 4m

All columns is 400 mm x 400 mm Concrete weighs = 24 kN/m3

All beams 300 x 400 mm
Slab thickness = 100 mm.
Dead loads:
Slab weight including floor finish = 3.4 KPa
Movable partition, ceiling and electrical, mechanical features = 1.4 KPa
Live load = 2.8 KPa

➀ Determine the factored uniformly distributed load for beam JK

➁ Determine the factored uniformly distributed load for beam GK
➂ Determine the max. factored negative moment of beam IJKL.
➃ Determine the max. factored positive moment of beam IJKL.
➄ Determine the max. factored shear force of beam IJKL.
Problem:  1   Continuation  
Solution:
➀ Uniformly distributed load for beam JK:
w S ⎛ 3 - m2 ⎞
w' =
3 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
S 3
m= = = 0.25
L 4 J K
For dead load
w = 3.4 + 1.4 = 4.8 KPa
4.8(3) ⎡ 3 - (0.25)2 ⎤
w' = ⎢ ⎥ (2) + wt. of beam
3 ⎣ 2 ⎦
w' = 11.7 + 0.3(0.30924) = 13.86 kN/m
w S ⎡ 3 - m2 ⎤ 2.8(3) ⎡ 3 - 0.25 2 ⎤
w' = ⎢ ⎥= ⎢ ⎥ (2)
3 ⎣ 2 ⎦ 3 ⎣ 2 ⎦
w ' = 6.83 kN/m (live load)

Uniformly distributed load:

w u = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
w u = 1.2(13.86) + (1.6)(6.83)
w u = 27.56 kN / m
Problem:  1   Continuation  
➁ Uniformly distributed load for beam GK
For dead load
wS
w'DL = (2) + wt. of beam
3
4.8(3)
w'DL = (2) + 0.3(0.3)(24)
3
w'DL = 11.76 kN/m
G
For live load 45 45
wS
w'LL = (2)
3
2.8(3)(2) 45
w'LL = K
3
w'LL = 5.6 kN/m

w u = 1.2 w DL + 1.6 w LL
w u = 1.2 (11.76) + 1.6(5.6)
w u = 23.07 kN / m
Problem:  1   Continuation  
➂ Max. negative moment of beam IJKL:
w u L2
Mu =
10
27.6(4 - 0.4)2
Mu =
10
M u = 35.77 kN.m

➃ Max. positive moment of beam IJKL:

w u L2
Mu =
14
27.6(4 - 0.4)2
Mu =
14
M u = 25.55 kN.m

➄ Max. shear force of beam IJKL:

1.15 w u L
Vu =
2
1.15(27.6)(3.6)
Vu =
2
Vu = 57.13 kN.m
Problem:  2    
A floor plan is shown in the figure. floor beams has total depth of 600 mm
and a width of 300 mm. Columns have a cross section of 0.45 m.
Slab thickness is 150 mm.
Super imposed dead load = 0.96 KPa.
Live load = 2.8 KPa.
Weight of concrete 24 KN/m3.
Use Wu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Apply the reduction of live loads:

2.8
A B C D

2.8

2.8

8m 7m 8m

➀ Compute the negative moment at A for beam AB.

➁ Compute the positive moment at beam BC.

➂ Compute the negative moment at B.

Problem:  2   Continuation  

Solution:
➀ Negative moment at A.
A T = 2.8(8) = 22.4 m2
A1 = AT(influence area)
A1 = 2(22.4) = 44.8 m2 > 37.2 m2 ok
Reduced live load in KPa.
⎡ 4.57 ⎤
L r = L ⎢ 0.25+ ⎥
⎢ A1 ⎥⎦
⎣
⎡ 4.57 ⎤
L r = 2.8 ⎢ 0.25+ ⎥
⎣ 44.8 ⎦
L r = 2.61 KPa > 0.5 (2.8) = 1.4 KPa (ok)
Uniform dead load:
Super imposed DL = 0.96(2.8)
super imposed DL = 2.69 KN/m.
Slab = 0.15(2.8)(24)
Slab = 10.08 KN/m
Beam = 0.3(0.45)(24)
Beam = 3.24 KN/m
DL = 2.69 + 10.08 + 3.24
DL = 16.01 KN/m
Problem:  2   Continuation  

Factored uniform load:

Wu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Wu = 1.2 (16.01)+ 1.6(7.31)
Wu = 30.91 KN/m
Negative moment at A:
shear span L= 8 - 0.45 m.
clear span = 7.55 m.
WuL2
Mu = -
16
30.91(7.55)2
Mu = -
16
Mu = - 110.11 KN.m

➁ Positive moment for beam BC.

AT = 2.8(7)
AT = 19.6 (tributany area)
A1 = 2 AT (influence area)
A1 = 2(19.6) = 39.2 M2 > 37.2 ok
Problem:  2   Continuation  

Reduced live load :

AT = 2.8(7)
AT = 19.6 (tributany area)
A1 = 2 AT (influence area)
A1 = 2(19.6) = 39.2 M2 > 37.2 ok
Reduced live load :
⎡ 4.57 ⎤
L r = L ⎢ 0.25 + ⎥
⎢ A1 ⎥⎦
⎣
⎡ 4.57 ⎤
L r = 2.8 ⎢ 0.25 + ⎥
⎣ 39.2 ⎦
L r = 2.74 KPa > 0.5 (2.8) = 1.4 KPa (ok)
Reduced live load :
LL = 2.74(2,8)
LL = 7.672 KN/m
Problem:  2   Continuation  

Uniform load:
Wu = 1.2 DL +1.6 LL
Wu = 1.2(16.01)+1.6(7.672)
Wu = 31.49 KN/m
Clear span = 7 - 0.45
Clear span = 6.55 m.

Positive moment for span BC.

2
WuL
+M =
16
31.49(6.55)2
+M =
16
+ M = 84.43 KN.m
Problem:  2   Continuation  
➂ Negative moment at B.
For interior support, the combined lengths of the two adjacent spans
are used to find the tributany area.
A T = 2.8(8+7)
A T = 42 m2 .
Influence area:
A1 = 2 A T
A1 = 2(42) = 84 m2 >37.2 m2 ok
Reduced live load:
⎡ 4.57 ⎤
⎢
L r = L 0.25 + ⎥]
⎢ A1 ⎥⎦
⎣
⎡ 4.57 ⎤
L r = 2.8 ⎢ 0.25 + ⎥
⎣ 84 ⎦
L r = 2.10 KN/m2 >0.5(2.8) = 1.4KPa (ok)
Uniform live load:
WLL = 2.10(2.8)
WLL = 5.88 KN/m.
WDL = 16.01 KN/m.
Factored uniform load:
Wu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 (5.88)
Wu = 1.2 (16.01) + 1.6(5.88)
Wu = 28.62 KN/m
Negative moment at B.
WuL2
MB = -
10
(6.55+7.55)
L= = 7.05 m.
2
28.62(7.05)2
MB = -
10
MB = - 142.75 KN.m
Problem:  3    

Given:
h1 = 100 mm b = 350 mm
h2 = 500 mm
Tension steel, As = 6 of 28 mm diameter bars
Compression steel, As’ = 4 of 28 mm diam. bars
Lateral ties = 12 mm diameter
Clear concrete cover = 40 mm
Concrete, fc’ = 28 MPa
Steel, fy1 (main bars) = 415 MPa
Steel, fv (ties) = 275 MPa
Allowable concrete shear stress at factored loads = 0.88 MPa
 
100
4-28 mm ø

12 mm ø
stirrups
500

6-28 mm ø a

350

➀ Which of the following gives the minimum spacing “a”, (mm)?

➁ Which of the following gives the nominal shear strength (kN)
provided by the concrete?
➂ Which of the following gives the nominal shear strength if the lateral
ties are spaced at 125 mm on centers?
Problem:  3   Continuation  
Solution:
➀ Minimum spacing “a”

a = 25 + 28
a = 53 mm a 25 mm

➁ Nominal shear strength provided by the concrete

π
As = (28)2 (2) = 1231.50
1 4
π 100
A s = (28)2 (4) = 2463 mm2
2
4
A s = 3694.50 d
500
A s y = A s (53) + A s (0)
1 2

3694.50y = 1231.50(53) + 2463(0) 83.67

y = 17.67 350

x = 17.67 + 14 + 12 + 40
x = 83.67
53
d = 600 - 83.67 y
x = 83.67
d = 516.33 mm 40 66

350

Vc = 0.88 b w d
Vc = 0.88(350)(516.33)
Vc = 159030 N
Vc = 159 kN
Problem:  3   Continuation  
➂ Nominal shear strength of section if spacing of lateral ties
are 125 mm on centers
π
Av = (12)2 (2) = 226.2 mm2
4
A s fy d
S=
Vs
226.2(275)(516.33)
125 =
Vs
Vs = 256940
Vs = 257 kN
Vc = 0.88 b w d
Vc = 0.88(350)(516.33)
Vc = 159030 N
Vc = 159 kN
Vn = Vs + Vc
Vn = 257 + 159
Vn = 416 kN (nominal shear strength)