SOLVED PROBLEMS: ROCKET MOTION, FREE FALL, ELEVATOR MOTION

SOLVED PROBLEMS
SUBJECTIVE
Problem 1: A rocket is fired vertically and ascends with constant vertical acceleration of 20m/s 2 for 1
minute. Its fuel is then all used and it continues as a free particle. Find the
(a) maximum height reached by the rocket
(b) total time elapsed from the take off till the rocket strikes the earth.(g=10m/s2).
Solution: For the time interval from 0 to 60 seconds rocket accelerates and there after it moves
under gravity. Distance moved by it in 60 seconds is given by
1 20m
 2   60s  = 36000m.
2
S1 =
2 s
20m
v(60s) =  60s  1200m / s = Velocity attained by it in 60 seconds.
s2
If H be the maximum height reached. Then it’s vertical velocity must be zero.
2
 m
Then 0 = 1200   2g H  36000  , (v2 = u2 + 2as)
 s
1200  1200
 H = 36000 + m = 108000m
2  10
(b) Time taken to ascend is
1200 u
t1 = 60s + s = 180 s, [t = t1 + ]
10 a
Let time taken to descend is t2 then
1 2 2  108000
108000 = gt 2  t2 =  146.96s
2 10
Total time T = t1 + t2 = 180 + 146.96 = 326.96 s.
Problem 2: A steel ball is dropped from the roof of a building. An observer standing in front of a
1
window of height 1.5m high notes that the ball takes s to fall from the top to the bottom
10
of the window. The ball reappears at the bottom of the window 2s after passing it on the
way down. If the collision between the ball and the ground is perfectly elastic, then find the
height of the building. Take g = 10 m/s 2.
Solution: Since collision is perfectly elastic, the
speed of the ball just before collision is
equal to the speed of the ball just after
collision. Hence time of descent is equal 1.5 m
to the time of ascent. Therefore time H
taken by the ball to reach the ground from
the bottom of the window is 1 sec.
Let u be the speed of the ball when it is at the top of the window
1 1 1   12
 1.5 = u +  10 x . ( s  u t  at )
10 2 100 2
 u = 14.5 m/s
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SP-PH-KM(C)-2
 ball is dropped hence its initial speed is 0

If t be the time taken by the ball to acquire the speed of 14.5 m/s, then
14.5 = 0 + 10  t ,  v  u  at 
  
 t = 1.45 sec
Hence total time of descent is given by
1
T = 1.45 + + 1 = 2.55 s
10
1 2
If H be the height of the building, then H = 0 + gt
2
1
 10   2.55  = 32.5 m
2
 H=
2
Problem 3 : An elevator car whose floor to ceiling distance is equal to 2.7 m starts ascending with a
constant acceleration of 1.2 m/s2. 2.0 sec after it starts, a bolt begins to fall from the ceiling
of the elevator. Find
(a) the bolt’s free fall time
(b) the displacement and the distance covered by the bolt during the fall in the reference
frame fixed to the elevator shaft. Use g = 9.8 m/s2.
Solution : (a) a = 1.2 m/sec2 is the constant acceleration of the elevator car while ascending and h
= 2.7 m is the separation between the floor and the ceiling.
1 2h
h= (g + a)t2  = 0.7 sec
2 ga
(b) Velocity of elevator at t = 2 sec is 2.4 m/sec and displacement 1.22=2.4 m
(w.r.t the reference frame fixed to the elevator shaft i.e. with relative to stationary
observer,) the displacement in the course of free fall is
1
Y = –2.4  0.7 +  9.8  (0.7)2 = 0.72 m
2
Total distance covered w.r.t. the elevator shaft during the free fall times is (s) = 0.72 +
2
 2 .4  2 = 1.31 m.
2  9 .8
Problem 4: A body falling freely from a given height ‘H’ hits an inclined plane in its path at a
height ‘h’. As a result of this impact, the velocity of the body becomes horizontal.
For what value of (h/H), will the body take maximum time to reach the ground?
O
Solution: After rebound the body has only horizontal velocity and
hence no vertical velocity. OA = H – h
t1 = time to fall freely from O to A1 vertically A
2 H  h 
H
= h
g
B B1
2h
t2 = time to fall freely from A to B vertically (i.e. from A to B 1) =
g
2 H  h
t = total time from O to B = t1 + t2 =
g
+
2h
g
=
2
g
 Hh  h 
If ‘t’ depends on h (H and g are constants)
 for maximum value of t ,

d  t  0
dh
SP-PH-KM(C)-3
i.e.
d
dh
  H  h 1/ 2
 h1 / 2  = 0  h/H = 1/2
Problem 5: A ball is thrown from the origin in the x - y y

plane with velocity 28.28 m/s at an angle v0
45 to the x - axis. At the same instant a 10m/s
trolley also starts moving with uniform
3m
velocity of 10m/s along the positive x - axis. B C
Initially, the trolley is located at 38m from 45 A D 2m
the origin. Determine the time and position O 38m x
at which the ball hits the trolley.
Solution : Let t be the instant at which the ball hits rear face AB of the trolley.
Then (v0cos45  u0)t = 38
38 38
or t=   3.8s
v 0 cos 45  u0

28.28 cos 45  10
At t = 3.8 s, the y - coordinate of the ball is
1 2
y = (v0sin45)t  gt = 20t  5t2 or y = 20(3.8)  5(3.8)2 = 3.8 m
2
Since 3.8m > 2m, therefore, the ball cannot hit the rear face of the trolley.
Now, we assume that the ball hits the top face BC of the trolley , and let t be that instant.
Then,
y = 2 = 20t - 5 t  2 or t 2  4 t + 0.4 = 0
t = 3.9 s
Let d be the distance from the point B at which the ball hits the trolley. Then,
d = (v0cos45  u0) (t  t) = (20  10) (3.9  3.8) = 1 m
Problem 6: A stone is projected from a point on the ground in such a direction so as to hit a
bird on the top of a telegraph post of height h, and then attains a maximum
height 2h above the ground. If, at the instant of projection, the bird were to fly
away horizontally with a uniform speed, find the ratio of the horizontal velocities
of the bird and the stone if the stone still hits the bird.
Solution : Maximum height of the projectile is given by the vo
v 02 2
sin θ 2h
expression
2g O  h
v 02 sin2  2 gh
 2h =  vo = (1)
2g sin θ
1 2
 y = vo sint  gt
2
2 gh 1
 h= sin t  gt 2
sin  2
 gt2  4 gh t  2h  0
4 gh  2 2gh
 t=
2g
SP-PH-KM(C)-4
 t1 =
h
g

2 2  and t2 =
h
g
2 2 
at these two times the projectile is at the same height as the bird.
Let v be the speed of the bird, for bird to be hit.
vt2 = vo cos (t2 - t1)
v t t 2
  2 1
v o cos  t2 2 1
Problem 7: A block of ice starts sliding down from the top of the inclined roof of a house along a line of
the greatest slope. The inclination of the roof from the horizontal is 30 o. The heights of the
highest and lowest points of the roof are 8.1m and 5.6 m respectively. At what horizontal
distance from the lowest point will the block hit the ground ? Neglect any friction. [ g = 9.8
m/s2]
Solution: Acceleration of the block
along the greatest slope is
30o
equal to ‘a = g sin30o’. 8.1
ucos30o
u
Distance travelled by the
block along the greatest 5.6 usin30 o
slope is equal to gcos30o

 8 .1  5 . 6  g
gsin30o
S= = 5m.
sin 30 o
If u be the speed of the block when it is just about to leave the roof then
u2 = 0 + 2g sin30o  5  u = 7 m/s.
If t be the time taken to hit the ground then
1 2 7 1
5.6 = u sin30o t + gt = t   9.8 t 2
2 2 2
 7t2 + 5t - 8 = 0
 5  25   4  7     8 
t=
27
 5  15.78
 t= s, -ve value is to be rejected.
14
 5  15 .78
i..e t= = 0.77 sec.
14
Horizontal distance travelled is equal to
7 3 10.78
x = u cos30o t =  m
2 14
 x = 4.67m
Problem 8: A particle projected with velocity v0, strikes at right

angles a plane through the point of projection and of v0
inclination  with the horizontal as shown in the figure.

Find the height of the point struck, from horizontal plane
through the point of projection.
SP-PH-KM(C)-5
Solution : Let  be the angle between the velocity of X

Y
projection and the inclined plane.
v0x = v0cos, v0 y  = v0 sin Y
ax = gsin ay = gcos v0

X
 vx (t) = v0cos  gsint 

At the point of impact vx = 0
v 0 cos α
 t= . . .(1)
g sin β
Also y at the point of impact is zero.
1 2v 0 sin α
 v0 sint  gcost2 = 0  t= . . . (2)
2 g cos β
cot β
From (1) and (2) tan = . . . (3)
2
x = v0 cos( + )t
v 02
 cos2  cot   sin  cos  
g  
 
2

v2  2 cot  2 
 0  cot   .
g  4  cot 2   4  cot  4  cot  
2 2
  
v 02 2 cot 

g 4  cot 2 
v 02 2cot 
 y  x tan   . tan 
g 4  cot 2 
2v 02
 y

g 4  cot 2  
Problem 9: A large heavy box is sliding without friction down a u
smooth inclined plane of inclination  . From a point P
on the bottom of the box a particle is projected inside Q

the box, with speed u (relative to box) at angle  with
P
the bottom of the box. 
(a) Find the distance along the bottom of the box between the point of projection P
and the point Q where the particle lands. The particle does not hit any other
surface of the box.
(b) If horizontal displacement of the particle with respect to ground is zero. Find the
speed of the box at the moment when particle was projected.
Solution : For the part (a) choose the co-ordinate axes parallel to the plane and perpendicular
to the inclined plane and for the part (b) choose the horizontal axis and vertical axis
as co-ordinate axes.
SP-PH-KM(C)-6

(a) ab  g sin  î Y
 X
v p / b( t  0 )  u cos  î  u sin  ĵ

a P  g sin  î  g cos  ĵ

 a P / b  g cos  ĵ
 1
RP / b( t )  u cos t î  (u sin t  g cos t 2 ) ĵ
2
1
At Q, u sin t  g cos  t2 = 0
2
2u sin 
t=
g cos 
u2 sin 2
 PQ = .
g cos 

(b) Let v b / G   v cos  î  v sin  ĵ Y

v p / b  u cos(   ) î  u sin(   ) ĵ
X

 v p / G  [u cos(      v cos ] î  [u sin(  )  v sin ] ĵ
For x to be 0
u cos ( + ) = v cos 
u cos(  )
 v= .
cos 
Problem 10: A man can row a boat 4 km/hr in still water. If he is crossing a river where the current is 2
km/hr.
(a) In what direction will his boat be headed if he wants to reach a point on the other bank,
directly opposite to starting point?
(b) If width of the river is 4 km how long will it take him to cross the river, with the condition
in part ‘a’.
(c) In what direction should he head the boat if he wants to cross the river in shortest time?
(d) How long will it take him to row 2 kms up the stream and then back to his
starting point?
Solution : B is a point directly opposite to the starting point A. B
Let the man heads the boat in a direction making an v

d  u
angle  with the line AB.

Here v w  2 î
A

v bw  4 sin θ î  4 cos θ ĵ
  
 v b  absolute   v bw  v w Y
=  2  4 sin   î  4 cos  ĵ X
 vbx = 2  4 sin 
and vby = 4 cos
1
(a) for directly opposite point vbx = 0  sin = = sin30o
2
  = 30o
SP-PH-KM(C)-7
Hence to reach the point directly opposite to starting point he should head the boat
an angle  = (90o + 30o) = 120o with the river flow.
y d 4 2
(b) t = =   hr.
v by 4 cos  4 cos 30 o
3
(c) for t to be minimum cos  = 1

  = 0o
4
 tmin =  1hr.
4 cos 0
2 2  1 4
(d) T = hr  hr   1  hr  hr.
 4  2  4  2  3 3
Problem 11: A man wants to reach point B on the B

opposite bank of a river flowing at a speed
u as shown in the figure. What minimum 0
speed relative to water should the man 45 u
have so that he can reach point B? In
which direction should he swim?
A
Solution: vx = u – v sin , vy = v cos 

vy u
tan 450 = =1 0
vx  45
 vy = v x v
u – v sin  = v cos 
u
 v=
sin   cos 
u
=
2 sin(   450 )
u
= for  = 450.
2
Problem 12: A man wants to cross a river 500 m wide. The rowing speed of the man relative to water is 3
km/hr and the river flows at the speed of 2 km/hr. If the man’s walking speed on the shore
is 5 km/hr, then in which direction should he start rowing in order to reach the directly
opposite point on the other bank in the shortest time?
Solution : Let him start at an angle  with the normal B C y


v m   u  v sin θ  î  v cos θ ĵ
 vm12 x
Here v m = velocity of the man relative to v
 u
ground.
v = velocity of the man relative to water A
u = velocity of water
0. 5
Hence time taken by the man to cross the river is t1 =
v cos 
 Drift of the man along the river is x = (u  v sin)t1
0. 5
x = (u  vsin
v cos 
SP-PH-KM(C)-8
Time taken by the man to cover this distance by walking upto the desired point, i.e. from
C to B
 u sec  
0.5  tan  
t2 =  v   0.1 u sec   tan  
 
5 v 
Therefore, total time T = t1 + t2
0. 5 0.1u
 T= sec   sec   0.1tan 
v v
Putting the value of u and v , we get
0.5 0.1 2
T= sec   sec   0.1tan 
3 3
0. 7
= sec   0.1tan 
3
dT 0.7
  sec  tan   0.1sec 2 
d 3
dT
for T to be minimum,  0 ,  = sin-1(3/7)
dθ
Problem 13: Two particles A and B move with constant velocities v 1 and v2 along two mutually
perpendicular straight lines towards the intersection point O. At moment t = 0, the particles
were located at distances l1 and l2 from O, respectively. Find the time, when they are nearest
and also this shortest distance.
   y
Solution :  v AB  v A  v B  v1î  v 2 ĵ
A v1 O
Minimum distance is the length of the  x

perpendicular to v AB from B.
If  is the angle between the x - axis and D
v2 C
 v v 
v AB , then tan  =  2  2 B
vAB
v1 v1
v2
In AOD, OD = OA tan = l1
v1
v 1l 2  v 2 l1
Therefore BD = l2 - OD =
v1
BC
In BCD, cos
BD
v1l2  v 2l1 v1
 BC = BD cos = 
v1 v1  v 22
2
| v1l2  v 2l1 |
 BC =
v12  v 22
AC AD  DC
The required time t = | v |  
| v AB |
AB
SP-PH-KM(C)-9
1 v12  v 21 v2
1 sec   BC tan  v12  v 22  x
 = v1 v12  v 22 v1 = 1v1  2 v 2
2 2
v12  v 22 v1  v 2
v12  v 22
Aliter
l1
After time ‘t’, the position of the point A
A O
and B are (l1 - v1t) and v1 A
(l2 - v2t), respectively.
L
The distance L between the points A and
l2
B are
B
L2 = (l1  v1t)2 + (l2  v2t)2 . . . (i) v2
B
Differentiating with respect to time,
dL dL
2L  2 l1  v 1t (  v 1 )  2 l 2  v 2 t (  v 2 ) For minimum value of L, 0
dt dt
l1v 1  l 2 v 2
v 2
1  v 22  t  l1v 1  l 2 v 2 or t
v 12  v 22
| l1v 2  l 2 v 1 |
Putting the value of t in equation (1) L mi n 
v 12  v 22
Problem 14: A man moving with a velocity of 5
m/s on a horizontal road observes 450 y
0
that raindrops fall at an angle of 45 v = 5 m/s x
with the vertical. When he moves

300
with a velocity of 16 m/s along an
inclined plane, which is inclined at
300 with the horizontal, he observes v = 16 m/s
raindrops
falling vertically downward as shown in the figure. Find the actual velocity of the raindrops.
 
Solution: Velocity of rain v r  v x î  v y ĵ , v m  5 î

v rm  ( v x  5) î  v y ĵ
vy
  tan 450 (Given)  vy = -(vx – 5) … (i)
vx  5
 16 3 16
In second case: vm  î  ĵ
2 2

vrm  ( v x  8 3 ) î  ( v y  8) ĵ

Given resultant v rm is in vertical direction.
Þ vx  8 3
Hence from (i), v y   8 3  5  


Þ v r  8 3iˆ  8 3  5 ˆj 
Problem 15: A wheel rotates around a stationary axis so that rotation angle  varies as  = Pt2, where P =
0.20 rad/s2. Find the total acceleration a of the point A at the rim at the moment t = 2.55 sec,
SP-PH-KM(C)-10
if the linear velocity of the point A at this moment is

v = 0.65 m/s
Solution : Total acceleration of a body moving in a circular path an

  
a  aR  at
   at
a
a  aR2  a2t
d d
Given d  Pt 2     2Pt and  =  2P
dt dt
The radial acceleration aR is the centripetal acceleration
aR = 2R = 4P2t2R
Tangential acceleration aT = R = 2PR =  4P t R    2PR 
2 2 2 2
v
=2PR 1 4P 2 t 4 = 1  4P 2 t 4 = 0.7 m/s2.
t
OBJECTIVE
SP-PH-KM(C)-11
Problem 1: The magnitude of the resultant of two velocities of equal magnitude becomes
3 times when the direction of one velocity is reversed. The angle between the velocity
vectors is
(A) 30° (B) 60°
(C) 120° (D) None of these
  R2
Solution: Let the velocities be A & B , A = B (given),  3 (given )
R1
A 2  B 2 - 2 AB Cos
  3
A 2  B 2  2 AB Cos
Putting A = B we obtain  = 120°, Hence, (C) is correct.
Problem 2: A body when projected vertically up, covers a total distance D during its time of flight. If
there were no gravity, the distance covered by it during the same time is equal to
(A) 0 (B) D
(C) 2D (D) 4D
Solution: The displacement of the body during the time t as it reaches the point of projection
1 2 2v 0
 S = 0  v0t  gt = 0 t
2 g
During the same time t, the body moves in absence of gravity through a distance
D = v.t, because in absence of gravity g = 0
 2v 0  2v 02
 D = v 0    …(1)
 g  g
In presence of gravity the total distance covered is
2
v 02 v2
= D = 2H = 2  0 …(2)
2g g
(1)  (2)  D = 2D, Hence (C) is correct.
Problem 3: A particle is projected vertically upward with initial velocity 25 ms-1. During third second of
its motion, which of the following statement is correct?
(A) Displacement of the particle is 30 m
(B) Distance covered by the particle is 30 m
(C) Distance covered by the particle is 2.5 m
(D) None of these
Solution : Displacement of the particle during third second of the motion (i.e. between t = 2s and t =
3s) is zero. Hence t = 2.5 sec is the turning point of the motion.
1
For distance St = 2 = 25  2   10  22 = 30 m
2
1
and St=2.5 = 25  2.5   10  2.52 = 31.25 m
2
Hence distance covered by the particle during third second of motion
= 2 (31.25  30) = 2.5 m, Hence (C) is correct.
Problem 4: If velocity of a particle moving along a straight line changes with time as
V(m/s) = 4 sin (/2)t, its average velocity over time interval t = 0 to
SP-PH-KM(C)-12
t = 2(2n1) sec, (n being any +ve integer) is,

8 4
(A) m/s (B) m/s
π(2n  1) π(2n  1)
16(2n  1)
(C) Zero (D) m/s
π
Solution : Displacement over the interval t = 0 to t = 2(2n  1) seconds.
2( 2n 1) 2( 2n 1)
  8  
= 4  sin t dt    cos t 
2    2 0
0
8 16
=    cos ( 2n  1)  cos 0  m
 
16 8
 average velocity = =
2 2n  1   2n  1  m/s., Hence (A) is correct.
Problem 5: A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the ground. If it hits the ground and
bounces up vertically to a height d/2. Neglecting subsequent motion and air
resistance, its velocity v varies with the height h above the ground as
(A) (B)
v v
d
d h
h
(C) (D)
v v
d h
d h
Solution: As the ball falls, at height h the velocity of the ball is zero and at any height h,
2 2
v =u +2g(dh), with decreasing h, v increases.
When h = 0, velocity v is maximum.
After the ball collides the floor, its velocity changes in magnitude as wall as direction, as
the body goes to a smaller height in bouncing up. The change in velocity takes place
within zero height and with no change in time.
Hence, (A) is correct.
y
Problem 6: A particle is projected from point P with velocity 5 2
-1
ms perpendicular to the surface of a hollow right
angle cone whose axis is vertical. It collides at Q
normally. The time of the flight of the particle is P Q
(A) 1 sec. (B) 2 sec. 900 x
(C) 2 2 sec (D) 2 sec
u 5 2 2
Solution: t=  = 1 sec. Hence (A) is correct.
g sin  10
SP-PH-KM(C)-13
Problem 7: A particle is projected from a point A with a velocity v at an angle  (upward) to the
horizontal. At a certain point B, it moves at right angle to its initial direction. It follows that
(A) velocity of the particle at B is v.
(B) velocity of the particle at B is v cos .
(C) velocity of the particle at B is v tan .
v
(D) the time of flight from A to B is .
gsinθ
  
Solution : v  u  at
considering along the line AC C
v
0 = v – g sin t  t =
g sin  B
Now consider along the line CB v
v
A 
v
v = 0 + g cos   v cot  , Hence, (D) is correct
g sin 
Problem 8: Two particles 1 and 2 are allowed to descend on the two O

frictionless chord OA and OB of a vertical circle, at the same
instant from point O. The ratio of the velocities of the particles 1 
1 and 2 respectively, when they reach on the circumference 2
will be ( OB is the diameter)
(A) sin (B) tan A
B
(C) cos (D None of these

Solution : OA = d cos, aOA = g cos O
2
 v A = 2gcos.d cos 1  2
2
v = 2gd
B
g cos d
vA A
= cos, Hence, (C) is correct. B
vB
Problem 9: The relative velocity of a car ‘A’ with respect to car B is 30 2 m/s due North-East. The
velocity of car ‘B’ is 20 m/s due south. The relative velocity of car ‘C’ with respect to car ‘A’
is 102 m/s due North-West. The speed of car C and the direction (in terms of angle it makes
with the east).
(A) 202 m/s, 45 (B) 202 m/s, 135
(C) 102 m/s, 45 (D) 102 m/s, 135
Solution :
 

v A  v B  30 2 cos 45o î  sin 45o ĵ = ( 30 
i  30
j vCA
N(Y)
vAB
) m/s


v B   20 ĵ m/s  450 450 E(x)
 

v C  v A  10 2  cos 45 o î  sin 45o ĵ = 
  10 î  10 ĵ  m/s vB
Hence, (A) is correct.
SP-PH-KM(C)-14
Problem 10: If a boat can have a speed of 4 km/hr in still water, for what values of speed of river flow, it
can be managed to row boat right across the river, without any drift ?
(A)  4 km/hr (B) greater than zero but less than 4 km/hr
(C) only 4 km /hr (D) none of these
Solution : Drift (x) = (vb, x) t = (vbr cos  + vr)t
for x = 0, vr = -vbr cos   (vr)max = vbr
For, vr > vbr we can not have zero drift. Hence (B) is correct.
Problem 11: A swimmer crosses a river of width d flowing at velocity v. While swimming, he keeps
himself always at an angle of 120  with the river flow and on reaching the other end he finds
a drift of d/2 in the direction of flow of river. The speed of the swimmer with respect to the
river is
(A) (2 – 3 )v (B) 2 (2 – 3 )v
(C) 4 (2 – 3 )v (D) (2 + 3 )v
Solution: Drift = d/2 = (Vr – Vssin30)d/Vscos30
 Vs = 4 (2 – 3 )V, Hence (C) is correct.
Problem 12: Which of the following parameters of a particle executing uniform circular motion
remains constant?
(A) Velocity (B) Radial acceleration
(C) Angular velocity (D) All of these
Solution: The magnitude of the velocity of the particle, that is speed v remains constant and
velocity vector changes from time to time. Therefore, it accelerates radially inwards. This
v2
is known as Centripetal acceleration, ar. Its magnitude remains constant where as
r

its direction changes from time to time. Therefore a r is not constant. Since the sense of

rotation of the particle remains constant its angular velocity  remains constant in
direction. Hence (C) is correct.
Problem 13: A bullet makes n turns inside the barrel of length  of a rifle and emerges from it
with a speed v. Assuming that the bullet moves inside the barrel with a uniform
acceleration, the angular velocity of the bullet about its longitudinal axis as it
emerges from the barrel is
v 2 nv
(A) (B)
 
n
(C) (D) none of these
2v
Solution : v = at ,  = t
1 2
2n = t
2
1 2 2n  
= at   =
2  a v
2n
= v , Hence, (B) is correct.

Problem 14: A particle is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff of height H with a speed 2gH .
The radius of curvature of the trajectory at the instant of projection will
SP-PH-KM(C)-15
H
(A) (B) H
2
(C) 2H (D) 
 
Solution: Since, g  v
Radial acceleration ar = g
v 02
  g where r is the radius of curvature.
r
2gH
 g ( v  2gH )
r
 r = 2H, Hence (C) is correct.
Problem 15: Three particles start moving simultaneously from a point on a horizontal smooth plane.
First particle moves with speed v1 towards east, second particle moves towards north with
speed v2 and third one moves towards north east. The velocity of the third particle, so that
the three always lie on a straight line, is
v1 + v 2
(A) (B) v1v 2 s
2
v 1v 2 v1v 2
(C) (D) 2
v1 + v 2 v1 + v 2
y 2  y1 y1  y 3
Solution: using  , we have (0, V2t) B
x 2  x1 x1  x 3
v2t  0


0  v3 / 2 t  C v 3 t, v 3 t
 
2 2
0  v1t v1t  v 3 / 2 t
2 v 1v 2 A
 v3 = , Hence (D) is correct. O (V1t, o)
v1  v 2
SP-PH-KM(C)-16
ASSIGNMENTS
SUBJECTIVE
LEVEL - I
1. A particle starts from rest and its acceleration (a) plotted against time (t) is a
as shown. Plot corresponding– velocity (v) and displacement (s) – time (t)
graph.
2. A body goes from A to B with a velocity of 40 m/s and comes back from B to A with a velocity of
60 m/s. What is the
(a) average velocity during the whole journey?
(b) average speed during the whole journey?
3. A player throws a ball upwards with an initial speed of 39.2 m/s.

(a) What is the direction of acceleration during the upward motion?
(b) Find the velocity and acceleration of the ball at the highest point?
(c) Find the height through which the ball rises and the time after which it returns to the player’s
hand. [g = 9.8 m/sec2]
4. A ball is dropped freely from rest. If it is travels a distance 54 m in the 5 th second of its journey
find the acceleration.
5. A stone is dropped from a point of height 300 m. At the same time another stone is vertically
projected with a velocity 100 ms -1. Find the distance from the ground where the two stones meet
together?
6. When a stone is dropped into a well, the splash of water is heard after 4.23 s. If the depth of the
well is 78.4 m, find the velocity of sound? (g = 9.8 ms -2)
7. A particle starting from rest moves with constant acceleration. If it takes 5.0 s to reach the speed
18.0 km/hr find
(a) the average velocity during this period, and
(b) the distance travelled by the particle during this period.
8. A bullet traveling with a velocity of 16 m/sec penetrates a tree trunk and comes to rest in 0.4 m.
Find the time taken during the retardation.
9. Mention the path of an object which is dropped outside through the window of a moving vehicle
as seen by ground observer.
10. A stone is thrown horizontally and another dropped freely from the same height. Which of the two
will reach on the ground early?
SP-PH-KM(C)-17
LEVEL – II
1. The position of a particle along the x-axis is given in centimeters by x=9.75+1.50t 3, where t is in
seconds. Consider the time interval t = 2s to t = 3s and calculate
(a) the average velocity
(b) instantaneous velocity at t = 2s;
(c) the instantaneous velocity when t = 2.5s;
(d) the instantaneous velocity when the particle is mid way between its position at t = 2s and t = 3s.
2. A train started from rest and moved with constant acceleration. At one time it was travelling at
33.0m/s and 160 m farther it was travelling at 54.0 m/s. Calculate
(a) the acceleration.
(b) the time required to travel the 160m.
(c) the time required to attain the speed of 33.0m/s.
(d) the distance moved from rest to the time the train had a speed of 33m/s.
3. A body travelling in straight line a travels 2 m in the first two seconds and 2.2m in the next four
seconds with constant retardation. What will be its velocity at the end of the seventh second from
the start?
4. A motorcyclist moving with uniform retardation takes 10 s and 20 s to travel successive quarter
kilometer. How much further he will travel before coming to rest.
5. A car moving on a straight road with a speed 20m/s. At t = 0, the driver of the car applies the
brakes after watching an obstacle 150m ahead. After application of brakes the car retards with
2m/s2. Find the position of the car from the obstacle at t =15s.
6. A ball is thrown vertically up with a certain velocity from the top of a tower of height
40 m. At 4.5 m above the top of the tower its speed is exactly half of that it will have at 4.5 m below the
top of the tower. Find the maximum height reached by the ball above the ground?
7. A ball is thrown with a velocity of 100 ms -1 at an angle of 30 0 to the horizontal and meets the
same horizontal plane later. Find
(a) its time of flight (b) the horizontal distance it travels
(c) the velocity with which it strikes the ground at the end of its flight. [ g = 9.8 ms-2]
8. A projectile shot at an angle of 60 above the horizontal strikes a wall 30m away at a point 15m
above the point of projection (a) find the speed of projection.
(b) find the magnitude of velocity of the projectile when it strikes the wall.
9. A particle A is moving along a straight line with velocity 3 m/s and another particle B has a
velocity 5 m/s at an angle 30o to the path of A. Find the velocity of B relative to A.
10. A rotating fan completes 1200 revolutions every minute. Consider a point on the tip of the blade,
which has a radius of 0.15m
(a) Through what distance does the point move in one revolution?
(b) What is the speed of the point? (c) What is its acceleration?
SP-PH-KM(C)-18
LEVEL – III
1. The equation of motion of a particle moving along a straight line is given as
1
x= vt when x, v t, have usual meaning, prove that the acceleration is constant.
2
2. A point moving in a straight line traversed half the distance with a velocity v o. The remaining part
of the distance was covered with velocity v 1 for half the time, and with velocity v 2 for the other half
of the time. Find the mean velocity of the point averaged over the whole time of motion.
3. At the instant the traffic light turns green, an automobile starts with a constant acceleration of 2.2
m/s2. At the same instant a truck, travelling with a constant speed of 9.5 m/s, overtakes and
passes the automobile.
(a) How far beyond the starting point will the automobile overtake the truck?
(b) How fast will the car be traveling at the instant?
(It is instructive to plot a qualitative graph of ‘x’ versus t for each vehicle.)
4. From point A located on a highway (Fig.) one has to get by car as A C D
soon as possible to point B located in the field at a distance  from

the highway. It is known that the car moves in the field n times 
slower than the highway. At what distance from point D one must
turn off the highway? B
5. A balloon is ascending vertically with an acceleration of 1 m/s 2. Two stones are dropped from it at
an interval of 2 s. Find the distance between them 1.5 sec after the second stone is released.
6. Two particles move in a uniform gravitational field with an acceleration g. At the initial moment the
particles were located at one point in space and moved with velocities
v1 = 3.0 m/s and v2 = 4.0 m/s horizontally in opposite directions. Find the distance between the
particles at the moment when their velocity vectors become mutually perpendicular.
7. A particle is projected with a velocity u at an angle  with the horizontal. Find the radius of the
curvature of the parabola traced out by the particle at the point where velocity makes an angle
(/2) with the horizontal.
8. A particle moves in x-y plane with constant acceleration a directed along the negative
y-axis. The equation of motion of the particle has the form y = px – qx 2 where p and q are positive
constants. Find the velocity of the particle at the origin of co-ordinate.
9. To a man walking at 7 km/hr due west the wind appears to blow from the north west, but when he
walks at 3 km/hr due west the wind appears to blow from the north. What is the actual direction of
the wind & what is its velocity.
10. A ship A streams due north at 16 km/hr and a ship B due west at 12 km/hr. At a certain instant B
is 10 km north-east of A. Find the velocity of A relative to B. Find also the nearest distance of
approach of ships.
SP-PH-KM(C)-19
OBJECTIVE
LEVEL - I
1. A particle experiences constant acceleration for 20 sec after starting from rest. If it travels a
distance s1 in the first 10 seconds and a distance s2 in the next 10 seconds then
(A) s1 = s2 (B) s2 = 2s1
(C) s2 = 3s1 (D) s2 = 4s1
2. A car travelling on a straight road moves with a uniform velocity v 1 for a time t and with uniform
velocity v2 for the time t following the first period t. the average velocity of the car is
1 1
(A) v1v 2 (B) 
v1 v 2
1  1 1 v1  v 2
(C)    (D)
2  v1 v 2  2
3. An object moving at 13 m/s slows uniformly at the rate of 2 m/s each second for a time of 6 sec.
The average speed during the 6s is
(A) 7 m/s (B) 6.5 m/s
(C) 7.5 m/s (D) 8.0 m/s
4. Which of the following graphs represents motion with uniform velocity?

(A) (B)
S S
t t
(C) (D)
a a
t t
5. The range of a projectile when launched at an angle of 15 0 with the horizontal is 1.5 km. What is
the range of the projectile when launched at an angle of 45 0 to the horizontal
(A) 2.5 km (B) 3 km
(C) 6 km (D) 4 km
6. A stone falls from an aeroplane moving with uniform horizontal velocity v. At the moment stone
just touches the ground. (Assuming negligible air friction)
(A) It would be just below the aeroplane at that moment.
(B) It would be left behind the plane
(C) It would go ahead of the plane
(D) Nothing could be said with certainly.
7. If the speed of a motor car is tripled the distance needed for stopping it increases by a factor of
(A) 3 (B) 6
(C) 9 (D) 12
SP-PH-KM(C)-20
8. A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the ground describing a parabolic path. Which of the
following quantities remains constant
(A) kinetic energy of the ball (B) the speed of the ball
(C) the vertical component of velocity (D) the horizontal component of velocity.
9. Which of the following figures represents the motion of a body moving in a straight line under
constant acceleration?
(A) (B)
V V
t t
(C) (D)
V V
t t
10. The area of the shaded portion of the graph represents V

(A) the average acceleration
(B) the maximum KE.
(C) the momentum
(D) the displacement
t
SP-PH-KM(C)-21
LEVEL- II
1. Choose the wrong statement

(A) Zero velocity of a particle does not necessarily mean that its acceleration is zero.
(B) Zero acceleration of a particle does not necessarily mean that its velocity is zero.
(C) If speed of a particle is constant, its acceleration must be zero
(D) none of these
2. The velocity-time graph of a linear V (m/s)

motion is shown in figure. The 4
displacement from the origin after 8
2
sec. is  t (sec.)
(A) 5 m (B) 16 m 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(C) 8 m (D) 6 m -2
3. A body is thrown horizontally from a tower, 100 m high with a velocity 10 ms -1. It is moving at an
angle 450 with horizontal after:
(A) 2 sec (B) 4 sec
(C) 1 sec (D) 3 sec
4. A ball is projected from ground with a speed of 20 m/s at an angle of 45 o with horizontal. There is
a wall of 25 m height at a distance of 10 m from the projection point. The ball will hit the wall at a
height of
(A) 5 m (B) 7.5 m
(C) 10 m (D) 12.5 m
5. A ball is thrown up vertically with speed u. At the same instant another ball B is released from rest
from a height h. At time t, the speed of A relative to B is
(A) u (B) u – 2gt
(C) u2  2gh (D) u – gt
6. The greatest height to which a man can throw a stone is h. The greatest distance to which he can
throw will be:
(A) h/2 (B) h
(C) 2 h (D) 4 h
7. A motor boat is to reach at a point 30 0 upstream on the other side of a river flowing with velocity 5
m/s. Velocity of motor boat with respect to water is 5 3 m/sec. The driver should steer the boat
an angle:
(A) 300 w.r.t. the line of destination from starting point
(B) 600 w.r.t.. normal to the bank
(C) 1200 w.r.t. stream direction
(D) None of these
SP-PH-KM(C)-22
8. A body starts from rest moves along a straight line with constant acceleration. The variation of
speed v with distance s is given by graph
(A) v (B) v
O O
s s
(C) v (D) v
O O
s s
9. A projectile is projected at an angle (>45°) with an initial velocity u. The time t, at which its
horizontal velocity will equal the vertical velocity.
u u
(A) t = (cos – sin ) (B) t = (cos + sin )
g g
u u
(C) t = (sin  - cos ) (D) t = (sin2  – cos2 )
g g
10. A body moving with a uniform acceleration has velocities of u and v when passing through points
A and B in its path. The velocity of the body midway between A and B is
uv u2  v 2
(A) (B)
2 2
(C) uv (D) None of these
SP-PH-KM(C)-23
LEVEL- III
1. A stone is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity v 0. The distance travelled in time 4v0/3g
is
2v 02 v 02
(A) (B)
g 2g
4v 02 5v 02
(C) (D)
3g 9g
dv
2. The motion of a body depends on time according to the equation = 6.0 – 3v, where v is
dt
speed in m/s and t is time in second. If the body was at rest at t = 0 which of the following
statements is correct?
(A) The speed of the body approaches 2 m/s after long time
(B) The speed varies linearly with time
(C) The acceleration remains constant
(D) The initial acceleration is zero
3. If the angle () between velocity vector and the acceleration vector is 90 <  < 180. The body is
moving on a:
(A) Straight path with retardation (B) Straight path with acceleration
(C) Curvilinear path with acceleration (D) Curvilinear path with retardation
4. The relation between time t and distance x is t = x2 + x where  and  are constants. The
retardation is: (if v is velocity of the particle)
(A) 2 v3 (B) 2 v2
(C) 2 v2 (D) 2 2v3
5. Two particles start moving along the same straight line starting at the same moment from the
same point. The first moves with constant velocity u and the second with constant acceleration f.
During the time that elapses before second catches the first, the greatest distance between the
particles is
u u2
(A) (B)
f 2f
f u2
(C) (D)
2u 2 f
6. The height y and distance x along the horizontal for a body projected in the vertical plane are
given by y = 8t - 5t2 and x = 6t. The initial speed of projection is
(A) 8 m/s (B) 9 m/s
(C) 10 m/s (D) (10/3) m/s
7. A particle is projected horizontally in air at a height of 25 m from the ground with a speed of 10
m/s. The speed of the particle after 2 seconds will be
(A) 10 m/s (B) 22.4 m/s
(C) 25 m/s (D) 28.4 m/s
SP-PH-KM(C)-24
8. A man can swim at a speed of 5 km/h w.r.t. water. He wants to cross a 1.5 km wide river flowing
at 3 km/h. He keeps himself always at an angle of 60 o with the flow direction while swimming. The
time taken by him to cross the river will be
(A) 0.25 hr. (B) 0.35 hr.
(C) 0.45 hr. (D) 0.55 hr.
9. The displacement of a particle in a straight line motion is given by

s = 1+ 10t – 5t 2 . The correct representation of the motion is
(A) (B)
s s
t t
(C) (D)
s s
t t
10. The position of a particle along x-axis at time t is given by x = 1+ t – t 2 . The distance
travelled by the particle in first 2 seconds is
(A) 1m (B) 2m
(C) 2.5 m (D) 3m
SP-PH-KM(C)-25
ANSWERS
SUBJECTIVE
LEVEL - I
1. v s
t t
2. 0, 48 m/sec
3. (a) downward (b) 0 , 9.8 m/sec 2 (c) 78.4 m, 8 sec.
4. 12 m/sec 2 5. 255m
6. 341 m/sec 7. (a) 2.5 m/sec (b) 12.5 m

8. 0.05 sec 9. Parabolic
10. Both will reach on the ground simultaneously
LEVEL - II
1. (a) 28.5 cm/s (b)18.0 cm/s (c) 28.1cm/s (d) 30.4 cm/s
2. (a) 5.71m/s2 (b) 3.68s (c) 5.78s (d) 95.4m
3. 0.1m/s 4. 10.42 m 5. 50 m 6. 47.5 m
7. (a) 10.20s; (b)883.67 m; (c) 100 m/s 8. (a) 21.8 m/s, (b) 13.55 m/s
9. 2.832 m/s at an angle of 32o with VB 10. (a) 94cm (b) 19m/s (c) 2406 m/s2.
LEVEL – III
2v o  v 1  v 2  
2. 3. (A) 82 m; (B) 19 m/s 4. CD =
2v o  v 1  v 2 2
n 1
2 2
u cos 
5. 55 m 6. 2.5 m 7. 
g cos3
2
a  p 2  1
8. 9. 5 km/hr, 53 o North of East.
2q
3
2
10. 20 km/hr at an angle tan-1 4 or 37o east of north, km
SP-PH-KM(C)-26
OBJECTIVE
LEVEL - I
1. C 2. D
3. A 4. B
5. B 6. A
7. C 8. D
9. D 10. D
LEVEL - II
1. C 2. A
3. C 4. B
5. A 6. C
7. B 8. B
9. C 10. B
LEVEL - III
1. D 2. A
3. D 4. A
5. B 6. C
7. B 8. B
9. D 10. C

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SOLVED PROBLEMS

 ball is dropped hence its initial speed is 0

 for maximum value of t ,

Problem 5: A ball is thrown from the origin in the x - y y

slope is equal to gcos30o

Problem 8: A particle projected with velocity v0, strikes at right

Solution : Let  be the angle between the velocity of X

ax = gsin ay = gcos v0

Let the man heads the boat in a direction making an v

(c) for t to be minimum cos  = 1

Problem 11: A man wants to reach point B on the B

Solution: vx = u – v sin , vy = v cos 

Solution : Let him start at an angle  with the normal B C y

with the vertical. When he moves

Hence from (i), v y   8 3  5  

if the linear velocity of the point A at this moment is

Solution : Total acceleration of a body moving in a circular path an

t = 2(2n1) sec, (n being any +ve integer) is,

Problem 8: Two particles 1 and 2 are allowed to descend on the two O

(C) cos (D None of these

Hence, (A) is correct.

The radius of curvature of the trajectory at the instant of projection will

3. A player throws a ball upwards with an initial speed of 39.2 m/s.

4. From point A located on a highway (Fig.) one has to get by car as A C D

soon as possible to point B located in the field at a distance  from

4. Which of the following graphs represents motion with uniform velocity?

10. The area of the shaded portion of the graph represents V

1. Choose the wrong statement

2. The velocity-time graph of a linear V (m/s)

9. The displacement of a particle in a straight line motion is given by

6. 341 m/sec 7. (a) 2.5 m/sec (b) 12.5 m

2. (a) 5.71m/s2 (b) 3.68s (c) 5.78s (d) 95.4m

3. 0.1m/s 4. 10.42 m 5. 50 m 6. 47.5 m

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