PROSE

Presented by:
Lemmuela Alvita Kurniawati (136332040)
 PROSE

Elements
Introductio Types of
Narrative of Prose
n Prose
 INTRODUCTION

• From Latin word prosa, part of the phrase prosa oratio, meaning
straightforward speech/ a natural flow of speech

• Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure

• Written in full grammatical sentences, which then constitutes paragraph

 TYPES OF PROSE

• Short story • Biography

Fiction

Non Fiction
• Novel • Autobiography
• Novella • History
• Folktale – legend, • Letter
fable, parable • Diary
• Journal
 ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE

• Is telling stories, true or false, factual

or fictional, in any medium.
Narrative • Is any activity which results in a story
being told and an event represented
and reported.
 ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE (CONTINUED)

Story (What is
told)
Narrative Texts
Discourse (How
is it told)
 ELEMENTS OF PROSE FICTION

1. Plot
2. Character and
characterization
3. Setting
4. Point of View
5. Theme
 PLOT

The structure, “framework” or “skeleton” of

the story

The story arc that holds all the events of a

story in an orderly way (E.M. Froster)

The casual and logical structure that

connects events (E.M. Froster)
PLOT (CONTINUED)
 PLOT (CONTINUED)
Introduction (Exposition) Rising Action
• The beginning of the story where • Complications that arise when the
characters and setting are characters take steps to resolve
established their conflict

Falling Action Climax

• The conflict is in the process of • The turning point of the story and
being resolved or “unraveled is meant to be the moment of
highest interest and emotion

Resolution (Denouement)
• When the problem/conflict is
resolved and the story ends
 CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION

• Character : a person or being in a story that performs the action of

the plot.
• Characterization : the process by which the writer reveals the
personality of the character
 CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
(CONTINUED)

Protagonist Dynamic

Antagonist Static
Types of
Character
 CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
(CONTINUED)

Direct • Example: He was a simple, good-natured man; he was moreover

a kind neighbor and an obedient, henpecked husband. (‘Rip Van
characterization Winkle’ by Washington Irving)

Indirect • Example: I jumped up, knocking over my chair, and had reached
the door when Mama called, ‘Pick up that chair, sit down again,
characterization and say excuse me’. (‘The Scarlet Ibis’ by James Hurst)
 SETTING

The historical time and place, and the social circumstances in the
‘world’ of the literature

Geographic Cultural Artificial

Properties
location backdrop environment

• topography • way of life • buildings • furniture

 SETTING

Like as he is to look at, so is his apartment in the dusk of the present

afternoon. Rusty, out of date, withdrawing from attention, able to afford it.
Heavy broad-backed old-fashioned mahogany and horsehair chairs, not easily
lifted, obsolete tables with spindle-legs and dusty baize covers, presentation
prints of the holders of great titles in the last generation, or the last but one,
environ him. A thick and dingy Turkey-carpet muffles the floor where he sits,
attended by two candles in old-fashioned silver candlesticks, that give a very
insufficient light to his large room.

(Dickens, Bleak House, ch. 10).

 POINT OF VIEW

Point of view is how an author tells his or her reader about a character.

• Involving the • Employing the • Entering the • Entering the

use of either of pronoun “you” thought of thought of one
the two every character character
pronouns “I”
and “we
Second Third person Third person
First person
person omniscient limited
 POINT OF VIEW
“I have of late,—but wherefore I know not,—
lost all my mirth, forgone all custom of
exercises; and indeed, it goes so heavily with
my disposition that this goodly frame, the
earth, seems to me a sterile promontory.”
‘Hamlet’ by Shakespeare

Harry had taken up his place at wizard school,

where he and his scar were famous ...but now
the school year was over, and he was back
with the Dursleys for the summer, back to
being treated like a dog that had rolled in
something smelly.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by
J.K. Rowling
 THEME

• A main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly
or indirectly.
• Examples of themes:

Love and friendship War

Crime and mystery Revenge

THANK YOU