soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti

rusudan fifia

qarTuli enisa da
literaturis swavlebis
Tanamedrove paradigmebi

Tbilisi - 2018

1
 wigni warmoadgens damxmare saxelmZRvanelos,
maswavleblis momzadebis sabakalavro-samagistro da
maswavleblis momzadebis (sabazo da saSualo safex-
urze) damoukideblad arsebuli programebis stu-
dentebisTvis. monografiaSi Seswavlilia qarTuli
enisa da literaturis dawyebiTi kursis swavlebis
meTodikaSi, meore etapis (V-VI klasebis) moswavleze
da Sedegze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis dage-
gmvis, swavlisa da swavlebis mravalferovani, mos-
wavleTa saWiroebebze morgebuli strategiebi da
meTodebi. gaanalizebulia swavlebis yvela safex-
urze Sefasebis tipebi, principebi, meTodebi da sssm
moswavleTa isg-s safuZvelze swavlebis meTodika.
wigni daxmarebas gauwevs swavlebis meTodikiT dain-
teresebul pirebs.

redaqtorebi: maka saxuria, filologiis doqtori

Tbilisis klasikuri gimnaziis
qarTuli enisa da literatris
wamyvani maswavlebeli
lela mircxulava, filologiis doqtori

recenzentebi: ekaterine gigaSvili, pedagogikis doqtori,

profesori
ciala qanTaria, jvaris ludoviko Wanturias
saxelobis pirveli sajaro skolis
dawyebiTi safexuris wamyvani maswavlebeli

© რუსუდან ფიფია, 2018

2
 sarCevi

winasityvaoba 5
Tavi I. axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ganxor-
cielebis meTodikuri orientirebi qarTul enasa
da literaturaSi 8
Tavi II. Sefaseba qarTul enasa da literaturaSi 30
Tavi III. samodelo gakveTilis Catarebis meTodika 56
3.1. integrirebuli gakveTilis Catarebis meTodika 59
3.2. problemaze orientirebuli gakveTilis Catare-
bis meTodika 69

3.3. gamWol kompetenciebze orientirebuli ga-

kveTilis Catarebis meTodika 92

3.4. inovaciuri gakveTilis dagegmva da Catarebis

meTodika 114

Tavi IV. qarTul enisa da literaturis swavlebis

problemuri sakiTxebi sabazo da saSualo safexurze
4.1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma mxatvruli teqstis
gagebisa da TviTgamoxatvis Sesaxeb 196
4.2. sabazo safexuris qarTuli enisa da litera-
turis saxelmZRvaneloebi da teqstis swavlebis
problemebi skolaSi 210

4.3 blumis taqsonomia da misi gamoyeneba mxatvru-

li literaturis swavlebisas 220

4.4. ,,vefxistyaosnis~ swavlebis sakiTxebi 233

4.5. problemaze orientirebuli gakveTilis Catare-
bis meTodika vaJa fSavelas Semoqmedebis mixedviT 243

3
4.6. pedagogiuri naazrevi akaki wereTlis publi-
cistur werilebSi 253

Tavi V. praqtikis kvleva sauniversiteto swavle-

baSi
5 .1 praqtikis kvlevis swavlebis axleburi mid-
gomebi da gamowvevebi 264

Tavi VI. swavla-swavlebis problemuri sakiTxebi

inkluziur ganaTlebaSi
6.1 meTodikur saganTa swavlebis specifika in-
kluziuri ganaTlebis sabakalavro programaSi 292

6.2 inkluziuri ganaTleba - axali xedva da axle-

buri midgomebi 303

6.3 saswavlo aqtivobebi da diferencirebuli

midgoma universaluri dizainis principebis gaT-
valiswinebiT 312
Tavi VII. multikulturuli ganaTleba da qarTu-
li saganmanaTleblo sivrce
7.1 multikulturul klasebSi literaturis in-
tegrirebuli swavlebis Taviseburebani 323

7.2 saxelmwifo enis swavlebis praqtikuli sakiTx-

ebi sauniversiteto sivrceSi 330

Modern Paradigms of Teaching of Georgian Language

and Literature 341

4
 winasityvaoba

Tbilisis klasikur gimnaziaSi vaswavli qarTul

enasa da literaturas da, rogorc moqmed maswavleb-
els, SemiZlia vTqva, rom Cemi kolegebic da maswav-
leblis profesiaSi Sesvlis msurveli axalgazrda
specialistebic mwvaved ganicdian damxmare pedago-
giuri da meTodikuri literaturis deficits. Ta-
namedrove pedagogika arnaxul siaxleebs, inovaci-
ur kvlevebsa da meTodebs efuZneba ganviTarebul
qveynebSi, xolo Cvens saganmanaTleblo sistemas am
mimarTulebiT win aqvs didZali samuSao.
rusudan fifia ganaTlebis gamocdili special-
isti, mkvlevari da analitikosia, mas saukeTeso ga-
mocdileba daugrovda sauniversiteto saleqcio
procesebis warmarTvisa da maswavleblis momza-
debis sabakalavro-samagistro programis studen-
tebTan muSaobis procesSi da dakvirvebebi,
gamocdilebis gaziareba, rasac misi morigi, winamde-
bare wigni gvTavazobs, udavod, sasargeblo resursi
iqneba Cveni ganaTlebis muSakebisTvis.
avtori ZiriTadad gvTavazobs Cveni saskolo
ganaTlebis dawyebiTi safexuris meore etapze (V-VI
klasebi) swavla-swavlebis, Sefasebisa da sagakveTi-
lo procesis optimizaciis mimarTulebiT validur
rekomendaciebs.
wigni Svidi Tavisgan Sedgeba da moicavs axali
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis orientirebis mimoxil-
vas, saswavlo procesis yvelaze rTuli segmentis,
Sefasebis, Sesaxeb rekomendaciebs, samodelo ga-
kveTilis Catarebis meTodikur, agreTve maswavleb-

5
lis praqtikis kvlevis sakiTxebs, qarTuli enisa da
literaturis swavlebis problemur sakiTxebs saba-
zo da saSualo safexurze, ixilavs aqtualur Te-
mebs inkluziuri da multikulturuli ganaTlebis
mimarTulebiT.
rusudan fifia sxvadasxva WrilSi uRrmavde-
ba Cveni saskolo da sauniversiteto ganaTlebis
problemebs da gvTavazobs maTi gadawyvetis gzebs.
misi dakvirvebebi mravalSriani, xolo rekomenda-
ciebi maRali akademiuri Rirebulebisaa. qarTuli
enisa da literaturis moqmedi maswavleblebisTvis
gansakuTrebiT saintereso iqneba sxvadasxva tipis
samodelo gakveTilebis Catarebis meTodikis gac-
noba, rac maT praqtikulad daexmareba samodelo
gakveTilebis dagegmvaSi, aseve uaRresad saintere-
soa literaturis swavlebis problemuri sakiTx-
ebis gacnoba. wignSi Sesulia mxatvruli teqstebis
gagebisa da TviTgamoxatvis kognituri paradigme-
bi, STambeWdavad da kvalificiurad aris ganxilu-
li saxelmZRvaneloebisa da axali saganmanaTleblo
teqnologiebis sakiTxebi, SemoTavazebulia `vefx-
istyaosnis~ swavlebis, vaJa-fSavelas poemis Temaze
konkretuli tipis (problemaze orientirebuli)
gakveTilis Catarebis meTodika, iSviaT aRmoCenebs
warmogvidgens avtori akaki wereTlis publicis-
tikis pedagogiuri naazrevis mimoxilvisas.
warmodgenili wignis avtoris msgavsi motivire-
buli, maRalkvalificiuri da originaluri xed-
vis mkvlevrebi namdvilad sanatrelia Cveni sagan-
manaTleblo sistemisTvis da am danaklisis Sevsebis
uaRresad warmatebuli cdaa rusudan fifias war-

6
modgenili monografia, romelic qarTuli enisa da
literaturis maswavleblebs fasdaudebel samsax-
urs gauwevs sakuTari praqtikis ukeT gaazrebasa da
inovaciebis realizebaSi.
avtors vusurvebT, rom kvlavac ase aqtiurad
ganagrZos dakvirvebebi, kvlevebi, ar daiSuros
rekomendaciebi da samomavlodac araerTxel Se-
mogvTavazos maswavlebelTaTvis esoden aqtualuri
wignebi.

maka saxuria
filologiis doqtori

7
 Tavi I

axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ganxor-

cielebis meTodikuri orientirebi dawyebiTi
safexuris meore etapze (V-VI klasebi) qarTul
enasa da literaturaSi

erovnuli saswavlo gegma gansazRvravs saer-

To miznebsa da orientirebs, romlebiskenac unda
miemarTebodes skolebSi mimdinare saswavlo pro-
cesi. qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi 2018 wlis
seqtembridan amoqmedda mesame Taobis erovnuli
saswavlo gegma, romelic ganviTarebis axal etapad
unda CaiTvalos. rogorc axali dokumentis avtore-
bi aRniSnaven, pirveli da meore etapebis saswavlo
gegmebi ZiriTadad efuZneboda imgvar saganmanaT-
leblo xedvas, romelic moswavles swavla-swavlebis
obieqtad ganixilavda. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom am tipis saswavlo gegmebi `moswavle-obieqtis~
paradigmaSi Camoyalibda. mesame etapis saswavlo
gegmebis filosofia ki upiratesad efuZneba iseT
saganmanaTleblo koncefcias, romelic moswavles
swavla-swavlebis subieqtad, mTavar moqmed pirad
miiCnevs. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba am tipis kurikulume-
bi arsebiTad `moswavle-subieqtis~ paradigmas miva-
kuTvnoT [jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: gv. 10].
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis miRw-
evis erT-erTi ZiriTadi saSualebaa erovnuli sas-
wavlo gegma, romelic warmoadgens sabaziso doku-
ments da gansazRvravs, ra, rodis da rogor unda
iswavlebodes saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleb-

8
lo skolebSi, kerZod: swavla-swavlebis miznebsa
da saganmanaTleblo principebs; ZiriTad meTodi-
kur orientirebs; saswavlo procesis organizebas;
moswavlis Sefasebis sistemas; calkeul saganTa
swavlis miznebsa da amocanebs, sagnobriv stand-
artebsa da programebs; inkluziuri ganaTlebis
principebsa da a.S [meliqiZe,bagration-gruzinski,
lorTqifaniZe, 2018: gv.8]. erovnuli saswavlo geg-
ma warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs imisaTvis, rom
moxdes mozardis SesaZleblobebis mravalmxrivi
ganviTareba. erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi gaTvalis-
winebulia Rirebuli miznebi. Sesabamisad, rodesac
moswavlis saswavlo procesi warimarTeba aRniSnuli
dokumentis safuZvelze, mas gadaecema funqciuri
codna da unar-Cvevebi. yvela skolisTvis saval-
debulod aris miCneuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
saxelmZRvanelod gamoyeneba TiToeul moswavles-
Tan mimarTebiT, radgan aRiarebulia am dokumentSi
mocemuli miznebis mniSvneloba bavSvebisa da mo-
zardebis ganviTarebisa da ganaTlebisTvis [bagra-
tion-gruzinski da sxv.., 2018: gv.18].
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesaval nawilSi mkaf-
iod ganisazRvra swavla-swavlebis xuTi principi. es
swored is principebia, romelTa saswavlo procesSi
ganxorcielebis gareSec warmoudgenelia `moswav-
le subieqtis~ saganmanaTleblo paradigmis sakla-
so oTaxSi danergva: 1. swavla-swavleba xels unda
uwyobdes moswavleTa Sinagani Zalebis gaaqtiurebas;
2. swavla-swavleba xels unda uwyobdes moswavleTa
Sinagani Zalebis gaaqtiurebas; 3. swavla-swavleba
xels unda uwyobdes codnis etapobrivad konstru-

9
irebas winare codnaze dafuZnebiT; 4. swavla-swav-
leba xels unda uwyobdes codnaTa urTierTdakav-
Sirebasa da organizebas; 5. swavlis-swavleba unda
uzrunvelyofdes swavlis strategiebis dauflebas
(swavlis swavla). 6. swavla-swavleba unda moicavdes
codnis samive kategorias: deklaratiuls, proce-
durulsa da pirobiseuls. am principebis ganxor-
cieleba xels uwyobs ganaTlebis axali paradigmebis
fuZemdebluri principebis ganxorcielebas saswav-
lo procesSi [jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: gv. 10].
mesame Taobis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi mkaf-
iodaa gamokveTili zogadi ganaTlebis safexurebis
misia da miznebi, romlebic srulad daefuZna zogadi
ganaTlebis erovnul miznebs. axali, 2018-2023 wlebis
erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romelmac mniSvnelo-
vani cvlilebebi ganicada, pirvel rigSi, gulisx-
mobs wliuris nacvlad safexurebrivi standartebis
danergvas, romelic orientirebulia grZelvadian
miznebze da maTi miRwevis gzebsa da saSualebebze.
grZelvadian miznebze orientireba, Tavis mxriv, Ses-
aZlebels xdis saswavlo procesis dagegmvas moswav-
leTa saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac exmareba
moswavles fundamenturi, myari, dinamikuri codnis
konstruirebaSi.
standartis safexurebrivi Sedegebis Semota-
na met Tavisuflebas iZleva da pirdapir pasuxobs
pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebul saganmanaT-
leblo koncefcias, rac axali erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis mTavari RerZia. pirovnebaze orientirebuli
saganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas moswavle,
misi ganviTarebis procesi da mis mier miRweuli Se-

10
degi.
safexurebrivi standarti maswavlebels met sa-
Sualebas aZlevs, sworad Seuwyos xeli bavSvze ori-
entirebuli sistemis amoqmedebas, saganmanaTleblo
procesi moargos calkeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis
temps, gaiTvaliswinos TiToeuli maTganis fizikuri
da fsiqikuri maxasiaTeblebi, swavlis stili, pira-
di gamocdileba da akademiuri saWiroebebi. aseve,
yovel konkretul skolas saSualeba eZleva, Tavad
dagegmos drois garkveuli monakveTisaTvis sagakve-
Tilo procesi moswavleebis SesaZleblobebisa da
saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
praqtikam aCvena, rom pedagogebisTvis yvelaze
rTuli grZelvadiani miznebis dasaxva iyo. safex-
urebrivi Sedegebis Semotana saswavlo procesis
grZelvadian miznebze mimarTvas da orientirebas
emsaxureba. yovelwliuri misaRwevi Sedegebis na-
cvlad, rogorc cvlilebis SemomRebni migviTiTeben,
safexurebrivi Sedegebi ZiriTadad ufro unarebia,
Tumca, cxadia, Cans sagnis specifikac. Sesabamisad,
sagnobriv programebSi mocemuli swavlis Sedegebi
gansazRvrulia safexurisTvis (da ara saswavlo wl-
isTvis) da aRniSnuli swavlis Sedegebis misaRwevad
moswavle muSaobs mTeli safexuris ganmavlobaSi.
amavdroulad, moswavles evaleba aCvenos uwyveti
yovelwliuri progresi SedegTan mimarTebaSi. sxva
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, mocemul wels moswavlis
miRweva konkretul SedegTan mimarTebaSi ukeTesi
unda iyos, vidre misi miRwevis done igive SedegTan
mimarTebaSi gasul wels. maSasadame, swavlis Sede-
gebis miRwevisa da myari, dinamikuri kompetenciis

11
ganviTarebisTvis moswavle xangrZlivad aris kon-
centrirebuli Rirebul mizanze da etapobrivad ax-
dens codnis dagrovebas da saTanado unaris SeZenas.
safexurebriv standartSi Tavi moiyara mxolod um-
niSvnelovanesma saswavlo miznebma, rac gantvirTavs
saswavlo process da tovebs sivrces moswavlis
interesebsa da saWiroebebze orientirebuli swav-
lebis ganxorcielebisTvis.
yvelaze didi siaxle mesame Taobis erovnul
saswavlo gegmaSi, aris misi or did nawilad dayo-
fa: sagnobrivi standartad da wliur programebad.
2018-2023 saswavlo wlebis erovnuli saswavlo ge-
gmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sagnobrivi standarti mos-
wavleze orientirebul da relevantur miznebs
moicavs da aerTianebs swavla-swavlebis sam kompo-
nents: Sedegebs, Sinaarssa da Sefasebas, aseve gan-
sazRvravs savaldebulo moTxovnebs (safexuris bo-
los misaRwev Sedegebs) da warmoadgens orientirs,
romliskenac unda warimarTos saganmanaTleblo
procesi. am cvlilebelis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gax-
da mkafio mijnis gavleba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
savaldebulo da sarekomendacio nawilebs Soris.
wina Taobis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis dizaini amis
saSualebas naklebad iZleoda. wliuri Sedegebisa
da indikatorebis sistema am sakiTxze garkveul pa-
suxs ar iZleoda. skolebs SemoqmedebiTi Tavisu-
fleba TiTqos indikatorebSi unda eZebnaT, Tumca
indikatorebis funqciuri datvirTva ar iyo bolom-
de naTeli. safexuris standartisa da wliuri pro-
gramebis SemotaniT es problema martivad gadaiWra.
standarti warmoadgens moTxovnebs, wliuri pro-

12
grama ki maTi realizebis saSualebebs [jayeli, si-
lagaZe, 2018: gv. 41].
2018-2023 saswavlo wlebis erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis sagnobrivi standarti organizebulia Semde-
gnairad: a) dawyebiTi safexuri I-IV klasebis stand-
arti da V-VI klasebis standarti; b) sabazo safexuri
- VII-IX klasebis standarti; g) saSualo safexuri -
X-XII klasebis standarti.
standartze dayrdnobiT TiToeulma saganma
gansazRvra Tavisi miznebi safexuris farglebSi,
da safexurebrivi Sedegebi, rac niSnavs imis gansaz-
Rvras, Tu risi miRweva gvsurs TiToeuli sagnis
swavlebis farglebSi, rogor miaRwios TiToeulma
saganma da yvelam erTad erovnuli saswavlo geg-
miT dasaxul miznebs. wliuri programa aris stan-
dartis moTxovnebis Sesasrulebeli erT-erTi gza,
Tumca skolas SeuZlia sakuTari wliuri programis
SemuSavebac. saskolo saswavlo gegma erovnul sas-
wavlo gegmas unda efuZnebodes.
cvlileba Sevida Sefasebis sistemaSic,
I-IVklasebSi Zveli gegmiT gvqonda mxolod ganma-
viTarebeli Sefaseba, dawyebiTi safexuris meore
etapze (V-VI klasebi) ki, V klasidan, erTdroulad,
axali maswavlebeli saganSi da ganmsazRvreli Se-
fasebis sistema, stresuli iyo moswavleebisTvis,
iqmneboda fsiqologiuri barierebi, rac xSir-
ad moswavleTa motivaciasa da swavlisadmi damok-
idebulebebs uSlida xels. erovnuli saswavlo geg-
mebis komisiam gaiTvaliswina es faqtori da mexuTe
klasis pirveli semestric dauTmo mxolod ganmavi-
Tarebel Sefasebas. es periodi sakmarisia imisaTvis,

13
rom moswavleebma gaiaron adaptacia da Seeguon
siaxleebs stresisa da emociebis gareSe. axali mid-
gomebiT saSinao davalebaSi ar iqneba ganmsazRvreli
Sefaseba da meti dro daeTmoba saklaso aqtivobebs,
rac xels Seuwyobs davalebebis raodenobis simZimis
Semsubuqebas moswavleebisaTvis.
zogadi ganaTlebis marTvisa da ganviTare-
bis departamentis gadawyvetilebiT, qarTuli eni-
sa da literaturis swavlebaSi siaxlea is, rom V-VI
klasebSi calke gamoiyo enis komponenti. integrire-
buli swavlebis nacvlad, axla maswavlebeli gansaz-
Rvravs Tu ramden saaTs dauTmobs kviraSi qarTul
enas da ramdens literaturas. SesaZlebelia enisa
da literaturis gakveTilebis integrirebac, amis
saWiroebas sakuTari praqtikis kvlevis safuZvelze
gadawyvets maswavlebeli.
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi gansazRvrulia qar-
Tuli enisa da literaturis standarti: qarTuli
enisa da literaturis standartis birTvs warmoad-
gens ena, rogorc pirovnebis TviTgamoxatvis, azris
Camoyalibebisa da gadacemis saSualeba. enobrivi un-
ar-Cvevebi warmoadgens ara SemTxveviT nakrebs, ar-
amed erT mTlian sistemas. man xeli unda Seuwyos
pirovnebis piradi, cxovrebiseuli, socialuri Tu
profesiuli sirTuleebis damoukideblad daZlevis
process, vinaidan qarTuli ena mxolod erT-erTi
saswavlo sagani ki ar aris, aramed, sxva saganTagan
gansxvavebiT, swavlebis enaa, yvela danarCeni sagnis
Seswavlis saSualebaa. swavlebis ZiriTadi principia
sagnis (enisa da literaturis) Sinaarsobrivi erTia-
noba. pirovnebis saerTo kultura, sakomunikacio

14
da profesiuli unar-Cvevebi swored mSobliuri enis
safuZvelze yalibdeba. is qmnis im ZiriTad baziss,
romelsac efuZneba adamianis Tavisufali ganvi-
Tarebis mTeli Semdgomi procesi. swored amis gaT-
valiswinebiT ganisazRvreba qarTuli enisa da lit-
eraturis swavlebis ZiriTadi miznebi:
• ganuviTaros mozards ZiriTadi sakomunikacio
unarebi (mosmena, laparaki, kiTxva, wera);
• gamoumuSaos weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis
kultura;
• ganuviTaros sakuTari azris logikuri Tan-
amimdevrobiT gamoTqmisa da sxvadasxva dan-
iSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unari;
• Camouyalibos damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi
da refleqsuri azrovnebis unari;
• Seayvaros kiTxva; gamoumuSaos literaturis,
rogorc sityvis xelovnebisa da kulturis faq-
tis, aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari;
• gaacnobierebinos erovnuli da zogadsakaco-
brio kultura, rogorc cvlilebisa da ganvi-
Tarebis mudmivmoqmedi procesi.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis Zir-
iTad mimarTulebebs warmoadgens zepirmetyvelebis,
kiTxvisa da weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo sagnis
zogadi miznebis gansazRvris Semdeg, erovnul sas-
wavlo gegmaSi, romelic saganmanaTleblo procesis
bazisia da romelzec unda daSendes mTeli saswavlo
procesi, gansazRvrulia dawyebiTi klasebis saswav-
lo kursi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis mixedviT. Cveni
mizania, ganvixiloT qarTuli enisa da literatur-

2. r. f i f i a 15
is swavlebis meTodikuri orientirebi dawyebiTi
safexuris meore etapisTvis (V-VI klasebi), Sesabam-
isad, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mxolod am nawils
ganvixilavT.
mSobliuri enis swavleba dawyebiT safexurze
emsaxureba aucilebeli enobrivi unar-Cvevebis Cam-
oyalibebas zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris
mimarTulebiT. amave dros, es procesi gulisxmobs
im minimaluri lingvisturi kompetenciis formire-
bas, romelic enis praqtikuli gamoyenebis Tvalsaz-
risiT aris aqtualuri da Seesabameba moswavlis in-
teleqtualur SesaZleblobebsa da interesebs.
mSobliuri enisa da literaturis swavleba daw-
yebiT safexurze efuZneba mdidar teqstur korpuss
- sxvadasxva saxis mxatvrul da aramxatvrul, aseve
multimediur teqstebs.
teqstebis nairsaxeoba qmnis im aucilebel Tem-
atur garemos, romlis gacnobac moswavles SesZens
cxovrebiseuli urTierTobebisaTvis saWiro gamoc-
dilebas. moswavleebi unda unda daeuflon mxat-
vruli, sainformacio-SemecnebiTi da pragmatuli
teqstebis aRqmis, gagebis, gamoyenebisa da Seqmnis,
aseve informaciis mopovebisa da damuSavebis sabazi-
so unar-Cvevebs. saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces
aseve moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTare-
bas.
mimarTulebebis aRwera: dawyebiTi safexuris
meore etapis qarTuli enisa da literaturis swav-
lebis mimarTulebebi ZiriTadad dafuZnebulia
pirveli etapis safexureobriv Sedegze da qmnis sa-
fuZvels imisaTvis, rom es umniSvnelovanesi etapi

16
dawyebiTi safexurisa mivides konkretul Sedegebam-
de da moswavleebi momzadebulni Sexvdnen sabazo
safexuris gamowvevebs, ganviTarebuli hqondeT sa-
komunikacio Tu weriTi unarebi.
1. mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba
zepirmetyveleba (mosmena da laparaki) umniS-
vnelovanes rols asrulebs codnis SeZenisa da
enobrivi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis procesSi. ga-
saTvaliswinebelia, rom kiTxvisa da werisgan gansx-
vavebiT, zepirmetyvelebis unarebi moswavleebs ukve
met-naklebad ganviTarebuli aqvT skolaSi misvli-
sas: maT adreuli codna, ZiriTadad, SeZenili aqvT
mosmeniT; komunikaciisa Tu TviTgamoxatvis mizniT
ki am asakis moswavleebi umeteswilad laparaks
iyeneben.
swavla-swavlebis procesSi moswavleTa ze-
pirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTarebas sistemuri
da Tanamimdevruli xasiaTi unda mieces. mosmenilis
zepirad gadmocema/Txroba, masze azris gamoTqma,
piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatva da sxva xels
uwyobs gageba-gaazrebis procesebs. swavlebis pro-
cesSi mosmenili teqstobrivi masalis enobriv-ga-
momsaxvelobiTi saSualebebisa da Seswavlili si-
tyvebis aqtiurad gamoyenebiT ki TandaTanobiT
mdidrdeba moswavleTa leqsikuri maragi, ixveweba
maTi metyveleba.
V-VI klasebSi saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces
kritikuli mosmenis, mosmenilis interpretaciisa
da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas; individ-
ualuri da jgufuri sakomunikacio unarebis, aseve
TviTgamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

17
 2. mimarTuleba: kiTxva
sawyis etapze kiTxvis swavlebis upirvelesi mi-
zania moswavleebSi werilobiTi teqstis gaSifvris
unaris gamomuSaveba (gaSifvra, igive dekodireba -
sityvis grafikuli xatis akustikur xatad konver-
tireba, anu asoebis amocnoba da maTi dakavSireba
Sesabamis bgerebTan; bgerebis sityvad gamTlianeba,
akustikuri xatis sityvis mniSvnelobasTan daka-
vSireba). es saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, gani-
viTaron gawafuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebi, Tumca
muSaoba imavdroulad unda warimarTos wakiTxulis
gageba-gaazrebis unaris ganviTarebis mimarTuleb-
iTac - moswavleebs unda esmodeT is, rasac kiTxu-
loben. swored es unari aZlevs maT saSualebas, SeiZ-
inon codna da miiRon informacia sxvadasxva tipisa
da daniSnulebis teqstebidan.
kiTxvis swavlebis saboloo mizania wakiTxulis
gaazreba, rac gulisxmobs mkiTxvelis aqtiur monaw-
ileobas kiTxvis procesis samive etapze: kiTxvis
dawyebamde, kiTxvis drosa da kiTxvis Semdeg. kiTx-
vis teqnikis TandaTanobiT srulyofa saSualebas
miscems moswavleebs, gaxdnen gawafuli mkiTxvelebi,
gaigon da gaiazron wakiTxuli.
wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba mniSvnelovan-
wiladaa damokidebuli leqsikur maragze - rac
ufro mdidaria moswavlis leqsikuri maragi, miT
ufro warmatebulia igi, rogorc mkiTxveli. amdenad,
leqsikuri maragis Sevseba-gamdidrebaze zrunvas
swavlebis sawyis etapzeve sagangebo yuradReba unda
mieqces. zepiri da beWduri verbaluri teqstebis
garda, muSaoba unda warimarTos, aseve, multimedi-

18
uri teqstebis kiTxva-gagebis mimarTulebiTac, rac
xels Seuwyobs moswavleebSi zogadi wignierebis un-
ar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
V-VI klasebSi Rrmavdeba moswavleTa enobrivi
kompetenciebi rogorc recefciul, ise funqciur
doneze, moswavleebs TandaTan uyalibdebaT esTe-
tikuri da emociuri damokidebuleba mxatvruli
teqstebis mimarT. am Sinagani procesebis stimuli-
rebas saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces. muSaoba
unda warimarTos im mimarTulebiTac, rom moswav-
leebs gamoumuSavdeT da ganuviTardeT qveteqstis
(implicituri informaciis) wvdomis, aseve masalis
konteqstSi gaazrebisa da intepretaciis, kritiku-
li azrovnebisa Tu wakiTxulis Sefasebis unarebi.
3. mimarTuleba: wera
moswavleTa umravlesoba weras swavlebis pir-
vel wels swavlobs. weraSi kargi Sedegebis misaR-
wevad aucilebelia, moswavleebma weron xSirad da
mizanmimarTulad.
sxvadasxva saxisa da tipis teqstebis Sedgenaze
muSaoba Tavdapirvelad unda warimarTos maswavleb-
lis xelmZRvanelobiT, sayrdenebis/miniSnebebis ga-
moyenebiT Tu modelis mixedviT. mkafio da gasage-
bi instruqciebis TanxlebiT, mravalferovani da
Sinaarsiani konteqstis mqone weriTi davalebebis
Sesrulebis gziT moswavleebi TandaTan daxvewen ka-
ligrafias, gaiwafebian weraSi da Seiqmnian garkveul
warmodgenas weris procesze, rac gulisxmobs mos-
wavleTa aqtiur monawileobas weris samive etapze:
weris dawyebamde, weris procesSi, weris Semdeg.
V-VI klasebSi muSaoba unda warimarTos im mimar-

19
TulebiT, rom moswavleebs gamoumuSavdeT gamarTu-
li weriTi metyvelebis, azris Tanamimdevrulad da
logikurad gadmocemis unar-Cvevebi. aseve saTanado
yuradReba unda mieqces moswavleTa TviTgamoxatvi-
sa da SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas.
V-VI klasebis standarti qarTul enasa da lit-
eraturaSi
a) VI klasis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi
indeqsebis ganmarteba
dawyebiTi safexuris standartSi gaweril Ti-
Toeul Sedegs win uZRvis indeqsi, romelic miu-
TiTebs sagans, swavlebis etapsa da standartis Sede-
gis nomers; mag., qarT. dawy. (II).1 `qarT.~ - miuTiTebs
sagans `qarTuli ena da literatura~; `dawy. (II).” -
miuTiTebs V-VI klasebis standarts; `1~- miuTiTebs
standartis Sedegis nomers.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis standarti (V-VI
klasebi)
1. mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba Sedegebis in-
deqsiTa da standartis SedegebiT moswavlem unda
SeZlos:
qarT. dawy. (II). 1. sametyvelo qcevis warmarTva
sakomunikacio miznisa da konteqstis Sesabamisad.
qarT. dawy. (II). 2. standartiT gansazRvruli sx-
vadasxvatipis teqstebis mosmena da gageba-gaazreba;
teqstebze msjeloba da daskvnis gamotana.
qarT. dawy. (II). 3. standartiT gansazRvruli
sxvadasxva tipis nacnobi teqstebis interpretire-
ba da Sefaseba; maT mimarT piradi damokidebulebis
gamoxatva da axsna; mxatvruli nawarmoebis esTeti-
kuri Sefaseba (sawyis doneze).

20
 qarT. dawy. (II). 4. saTanado leqsikis, naswavli
enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis amocnoba
daadekvaturad gamoyeneba.
qarT. dawy. (II). 5. zepirmetyvelebis nacnobi
strategiebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba miznis Sesabam-
isad.
2. mimarTuleba:kiTxva
qarT.dawy.(II).6. standartiT gansazRvruli sx-
vadasxva tipis teqstebis wakiTxva, gageba da gaana-
lizeba arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxebis/de-
talebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
qarT. dawy. (II). 7. wakiTxuli teqstebis inter-
pretireba, dasabuTebuli daskvnis gamotana da Se-
faseba; teqstebis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis
gamoxatva da axsna; kiTxviT gamowveuli ganwyo-
bilebisa da STabeWdilebis gadmocema.
qarT. dawy. (II). 8. standartiT gansazRvruli sx-
vadasxva tipis teqstebis leqsikuri da semantikuri
maxasiaTebelebis, struqturul-kompoziciuri el-
ementebisa da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi formebis
amocnoba.
qarT. dawy. (II). 9. kiTxvis nacnobi strategiebis
SerCeva da gamoyeneba miznis Sesabamisad.
3. mimarTuleba: wera
qarT. dawy. (II). 10. nacnob Tematikaze standar-
tiT gansazRvruli sxvadasxva tipis mcire zomis te-
qstebis Seqmna.
qarT. dawy. (II). 11. nacnobi leqsikis, naswavli eno-
briv-sintaqsuri konstruqciebisa da struqturu-
li elementebis miznobrivad SerCeva da saTanadod
gamoyeneba; qarTuli saliteraturo enis ZiriTadi

21
normebis dacva.
qarT. dawy. (II). 12. weris nacnobi strategiebis
SerCeva da gamoyeneba miznis Sesabamisad.
b) Sinaarsi
dawyebiTi safexuris damamTavrebel etapze
(iseve, rogorc I-IV klasebSi) enobrivi sakiTxebis
swavleba unda mimdinareobdes praqtikuli aq-
tivobebiT. mizanSewonili ar aris ZiriTadi aqcen-
tis gadatana gramatikuli wesebisa da enobrivi
kanonzomierebebis Teoriul daswavlaze. Tumca,
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom V-VI klasebidan ukve iw-
yeba moswavleTa metaenobrivi unarebis ganviTareba-
ze zrunva, aucilebelia, rom enobriv-gramatikuli
sakiTxebis damuSavebas ufro sistemuri da Tanamim-
devruli xasiaTi mieces.
1. enobrivi codna da unar-Cvevebi
a) enis leqsikologiuri aspeqti: aqtiuri le-
qsikuri fondis Sevseba sxvadasxva dargobrivi cne-
bebiTa da terminebiT, mxatvruli nawarmoebebis Ses-
wavlisas aTvisebuli leqsikuri erTeulebiTa Tu
frazeologizmebiT; axali sityvebisa da frazebis
gaazrebulad warmoeba nacnobi modelebis mixedviT.
b) enis gramatikuli aspeqti: sityvaTa morfolo-
giuri agebuleba (saxelTa brunvis formebi da maTi
funqciebi); zogierTi gramatikul-semantikuri kat-
egoria (arsebiTi saxelis jgufebi; zmnis dro, kilo,
aspeqti); winadadebaTa modalobebi; winadadebis Zir-
iTadi wevrebi; ZiriTadi sintaqsuri mimarTebebi
sityvebs Soris (SeTanxmeba zmnasa da saxels Soris
pirsa da ricxvSi); saxelisa da zmnis ZiriTadi grama-
tikuli kategoriebi da maTi sintaqsuri funqciebi

22
winadadebaSi.
2. cnebebi da terminebi
• teqstis agebuleba: qveTavi.
• teqstis funqciuri tipebi: Txroba, aRwera, ms-
jeloba.
• literaturaTmcodneobis sabaziso cnebebi da
terminebi: mxatvruli literatura,aramxatvru-
li literatura; nawarmoebis qveTema; hiperbo-
la, gapirovneba.
moswavleTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaT-
valiswinebiT, programiT gansazRvruli cnebebis
damuSaveba unda xdebodes TvalsaCino masalis sa-
fuZvelze, raTa moswavlem konkretuli magaliTebis
meSveobiT gaiazros maTi mniSvneloba. swavlebis am
etapze mizanSewonili ar aris ZiriTadi aqcentis ga-
datana cnebebis/terminebisa da maTi ganmartebebis
Teoriul swavlebaze.
3. sakiTxavi teqstebis tipebi
• mxatvruli:
prozauli da poeturi nawarmoebebi, folklo-
ris nimuSebi: leqsebi, zRaprebi, Tqmulebebi, leg-
endebi, miTebi, enis gasatexebi, gamocanebi, andazebi
da sxv.; komiqsebi.
• aramxatvruli:
a) biografiuli teqstebi, pragmatuli teqste-
bi: reklama, recepti, ganrigi, teleprograma, mo-
sawvevi baraTi, sia, samaxsovro wesebi, cxrili, geg-
ma, instruqcia, gamafrTxilebeli warwera/abra, Ria
baraTi, interviu, gancxadeba, werili (megobruli,
oficialuri).
b) sainformacio da SemecnebiTi teqstebi:

23
 statiebi sabavSvo enciklopediidan, Jurnali-
dan, gazeTidan da sxv.
• multimediuri:
multfilmi, sabavSvo simRera, mxatvruli da/an
dokumenturi filmebi, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi filmi,
sxvadasxva saxis video, audio, audio-video masala
(reklama, anonsi, reportaJi, slaidSou), sabavSvo
speqtakli; statiebi sabavSvo vebgverdidan, vebpor-
talidan, mimikuri mizanscena da sxv.
mokled SevexebiT standartSi ganxorcielebul
cvlilebebs, romlebic gasagebs gaxdis garkveul
detalebs: standartis Sinaarsobriv nawilSi gaCnda
axali struqturuli erTeuli `Tema~. mesame Taobis
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi Temas, rogorc erT-erT
struqturul erTeuls, codnis agebis kompleqsur
procesebSi ramdenime mniSvnelovani funqcia akis-
ria, saxeldobr:
 Tema moswavles unda sTavazobdes misTvis nac-
nob konteqsts.
 Tema unda warmoadgendes moswavlisaTvis az-
rian, Sinaarsian konteqsts, rac aucilebeli
pirobaa mis Sinagan ZalTa gasaaqtiureblad.
 Temis konteqsti saswavlo masalis (miznebis,
cnebebis, sakiTxebis) urTierTdasakavSireblad
swavlebis saSualebas unda iZleodes.
 standartis savaldebulo moTxovnaa, TiToeu-
li Temis konteqstSi yvela Sedegi damuSavdes.
ase rom, Temebi grZelvadian miznebze, anu gan-
viTarebad unarebze mravalgzis muSaobis sa-
Sualebas iZleva.
 Temis standartis moTxovnebis droSi Tanabar-

24
 zomierad ganawilebisa da dagegmvis optimalu-
ri instrumentia.
mesame Taobis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
standartis Sinaarsobriv nawilSi gaCnda axali
struqturuli erTeuli ,,cneba~. cnebaTa daufleba
myari da sistemuri codnis safuZvelia, radganac:
 cnebebi warmoadgens nebismieri disciplinis
fundaments; sagnis sistemuri da gaazrebuli
codnis safuZveli am sagnis ZiriTad cnebaTa
sistemaa;
 cneba, rogorc Tavis droze aRniSna lev
vigotskim (dRes es mosazreba kognituri
fsiqologiis erT-erTi fundamenturi debule-
baa), warmoadgens inteleqtualur, fsiqolo-
giur instruments, romlis saSualebiTac vaz-
rovnebT.
 cnebas, rogrc cnobilia, aqvs sami struqturu-
li elementi:
1. termini - cnebis aRmniSvneli sityva;
2. cnebis Sinaarsi - cnebis ganmsazRvreli, ar-
sebiTi niSan-Tvisebebi;
3. cnebis moculoba - magaliTebis/ SemTxvevebis
simravle, romlebsac es niSan-Tviseba miesadageba.
cnebis es struqtura saSualebas gvaZlevs kom-
pleqsurad davinaxoT codna Tavis konkretul,
konteqstualizebul formebSi (mag., konkretuli
metafora) da, amavdroulad, Tavis dekonteqstu-
alizebul, ganzogadebul formebSi (mag., cneba
,,metaforis~ ganyenebuli arsebiTi niSan-Tvisebebis
gaazrebamde), rac aris cnebiTi, anu sistemuri az-
rovnebisa da codnis transferis safuZveli.

25
 cnebis arsis gaazreba aTavisuflebs moswavles
konkretuli Sinaarsis ,,tyveobidan~, radganac arsi
nebismieri konkretuli mocemulobis miRmaa. meta-
foris arsis wvdomis Sedegad, moswavle SeZlebs
nebismier SinaarsSi amoicnos igi da ganasxvaos sxva
mxatvruli xerxebisgan. cnebis, rogorc organize-
buli ideis, rogorc azrobrivi konstruqciis dau-
fleba ganapirobebs azrovnebis struqturirebas,
sakiTxTa Soris mimarTebebis gaazrebas, codnaTa
urTierTdakavSirebasa da organizebas. organize-
buli codna ki grZelvadian mexsierebaSi aZlierebs
sazrovno resursebis SesaZleblobebs.
standartsa da wliur programaSi kidev ori ax-
ali struqturuli erTeulia: `sakvanZo SekiTxvebi~
da `mkvidri warmodgenebi~, romlebic aZliereben
moswavlis cnobismoyvareobas da exmarebian mas sas-
wavlo masalis cxovrebiseul situaciebTan dakav-
SirebaSi.
sakvanZo SekiTxvebis zogadi maxasiaTeblebidan
gamomdinare, sasurvelia, sagnobrivi Temebis sakvan-
Zo SekiTxvebi minimum Semdeg funqcias asrulebdes:
 moswavlis winare codnis aqtualizeba, cnobis-
moyvareobis gaRviveba, provocireba axali cod-
nis SesaZenad;
 saswavlo Temis grZelvadian miznebze orien-
tirebulad swavla-swavlebis uzrunvelyofa;
 Temis swavla-swavlebis procesSi Sualeduri
bijebis, anu miznebis gansazRvra.
rac Seexeba mkvidr warmodgenebs, isini war-
moadgenen zogad warmodgenebs, romlebic Temis
Seswavlisas moswavlis xangrZliv mexsierebaSi yal-

26
ibdeba winare warmodgenebze dayrdnobiT. mkvidri
warmodgenebi aris sayrdenebi gagebis aqtebis gan-
saxorcieleblad [jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: gv. 44-51].
rogorc vnaxeT, erovnul saswavlo gegma-
Si misaRwevi swavlis Sedegebi sistematizebulia
safexurebrivi standartebis saxiT. Sesabamisad, sa-
gnobriv programebSi mocemuli swavlis Sedegebi
gansazRvrulia safexurisTvis (da ara saswavlo wl-
isTvis) da aRniSnuli swavlis Sedegebis misaRwevad
moswavle muSaobs mTeli safexuris ganmavlobaSi.
amavdroulad, moswavles evaleba aCvenos uwyveti
yovelwliuri progresi SedegTan mimarTebaSi. sxva
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, mocemul wels moswavlis
miRweva konkretul SedegTan mimarTebaSi ukeTesi
unda iyos, vidre misi miRwevis done igive SedegTan
mimarTebaSi gasul wels. maSasadame, swavlis Sede-
gebis miRwevisa da myari, dinamikuri kompetenciis
ganviTarebisTvis moswavle xangrZlivad aris kon-
centrirebuli Rirebul mizanze da etapobrivad ax-
dens codnis dagrovebas da saTanado unaris SeZe-
nas [bagration-gruzinski, kvaWaZe, lorTqifaniZe,
gaCeCilaZe, 2018: gv.22]. erovnuli saswavlo gegma
iZleva saSualebas, konceptualurad gaviazroT;
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis meTod-
ologiuri midgomebi. gavxadoT saswavlo aqtivobebi
mizanmimarTuli da swavlebis yvela safexurze viz-
runoT xarisxiani swavla-swavlebis dasanergad, Ta-
namedrove gamowvevbis gasaazreblad

27
 literatura:

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. sagnobrivi programa

qarTul enasa da literaturaSi. Tb., 2018-2024.
www.mes.gov.ge
2. meliqiZe, bagration-gruzinski, lorTqifaniZe,
2018: m. meliqiZe, m. bagrationi-gruzinski, r.
lorTqifaniZe, swavlebis meTodebi inkluzi-
ur ganaTlebaSi, qarTuli ena da literatu-
ra, gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, Tb., 2018
https://www.wvi. org/sites/default/files/Qartuli_Print_
HQ_2mm_bleed.pdf
3. jayeli, silagaZe,2018: T. jayeli, n. silagaZe,
kurikulumi-pedagogiuri praqtikis sruly-
ofis saSualeba, mesame Taobis erovnuli saswav-
lo gegmis konceptualuri da meTodologiuri
gzamkvlevi, Tb., 2018.
4. bagration-gruzinski, kvaWaZe, lorTqifaniZe,
gaCeCilaZe, 2018: bagrationi-gruzinski, J.
kvaWaZe, r. lorTqifaniZe, n. gaCeCilaZe, saswav-
lo aqtivobebi yvelasTvis, swavlebis meTode-
bi inkluziur ganaTlebaSi, gzamkvlevi maswav-
leblebisTvis, Tb., 2018.
5. qarTuli ena da literatura, I-VI klasebi,
gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, T. jayelis re-
daqciiT, Tb., 2011.
6. efeqtiani swavleba, Teoria da praqtika, i. ku-
talaZis redaqciiT, Tb., 2011.

28
7. maswavleblis wigni ganaTlebis dawyebiTi safex-
uris maswavleblebisTvis, n. igoroyvas da i. ka-
kabaZis redaqciiT, Tb., 2014
8. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla, erovnuli sas-
wavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, Tb., 2008.
9. rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba,
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis cen-
tri, Tb., 2007.

29
 Tavi II
Sefaseba qarTul enasa da literaturaSi

saswavlo garemoSi Sefaseba damkvidrebuli da

miRebuli praqtikaa. xSirad is winaswar gansazRvru-
li gziT tradiciul formatSi warmoebs. maswavleb-
lis saqmianobis dawyebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa
da karieruli winsvlis sqemis gzamkvlevi swavlebis
dros Sefasebis gamoyenebaze migviTiTebs: saswavlo
procesis Sefaseba aris saswavlo miznebis miRwevis
xarisxis damdgeni monacemebis Segrovebis, aRricx-
visa da analizis mudmivi procesi, moswavleTa miRw-
evebis Tanamimdevruli Seswavla. Sefaseba aRnusxavs
im Sedegebs, romlebsac iZleva mTliani saswavlo
procesi, xolo am Sedegebis analizi aucilebelia
imave saswavlo procesis koreqtirebisa da ukeT
warmarTvisaTvis. Sefasebis safuZveli erovnuli
saswavlo gegma, saskolo gegma da sagnobrivi pro-
gramaa (standarti). Sefasebis mizani imis dadgenaa,
ramdenad Seesabameba moswavleTa miRwevebi erovnu-
li saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programebiT (stan-
dartebiT) gansazRvrul Sedegebs. amavdroulad, Se-
fasebis Sedegebi maswavlebels aZlevs informacias
sakuTari saqmianobis efeqtianobis Sesaxeb.
Sefaseba (assessment) es aris Tvisobrivi da ra-
odenobrivi monacemebis Segrovebis procesi moswav-
leebis swavlasTan dakavSirebul maxasiaTeblebze.
Sefasebis procesi testebis, dakvirvebis, sanimuSo
davalebebisa da sxva instrumentebis saSualebiTaa
SesaZlebeli. rac Seexeba Sefasebas (evaluation), is
warmoadgens Sedegebis interpretaciis process da
30
saSualeba iZleva, ganvsajoT moswavlis swavla da
maswavleblis swavlebis efeqturoba, gamovitanoT
daskvnebi saskolo programis SesabamisobasTan da-
kavSirebiT. Sefaseba, aseve, iZleva saSualebas, davi-
naxoT urTierTmarTebuloba kurikulumsa da saga-
kveTilo gegmas, saswavlo masalebsa da aqtivobebs,
aseve, Sefasebis instrumentebs Soris. Sesabamis-
ad, Sefaseba (evaluation) gamoiyeneba swavlebisaTvis
mniSvnelovani daskvnebis gamosatanad, konkretuli
miznis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic moswavlis swavlis
gaumjobesebazea orientirebuli. Sefaseba, romlis
ganxorcieleba SeuZlia moswavles, klasis pedagogs
da sxva specialists, aucileblad unda iTxovdes
raime tipis momdevno qmedebis ganxorcielebas [gun-
ingi, 2004].
Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebia: sandooba, val-
iduroba, obieqturoba da gamWvirvaloba.
Sefaseba sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi iden-
turia yovelTvis, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin, sad da
rodis afasebs moswavles (mag., erTmaneTs emTxveva
sxvadasxva maswavleblebis mier erTnairi pasuxebis
Sefaseba, an erTi da igive maswavlebeli erTsa da
imave pasuxs yovelTvis erTnairad afasebs);
Sefasebis validuroba niSnavs mis Sesabamisobas
mizanTan, e. i. maswavlebeli afasebs zustad imas,
risi Sefasebac mas mocemul SemTxvevaSi surs. mag.,
maswavlebels surs Seamowmos, ramdenad daeuflnen
moswavleebi arsebiTi saxelis marTlwerasTan daka-
vSirebul praqtikul sakiTxebs me-5 klasSi, xolo
savarjiSo mimarTulia punqtuaciuri Cvevebis Se-
fasebisaken, maSin, bunebrivia, am davalebiT ver gav-

3. r. f i f i a 31
zomavT CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebis codnas da
Sefasebac aravaliduri iqneba.
Sefaseba obieqturia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
igi ar aris damokidebuli Semfaseblis Sexeduleba-
ze Sesafaseblis mimarT da gamoricxulia subieqtiv-
izmi. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom Sefasebis kriteriumebi
iyos yvelasaTvis mkafio da gamWvirvale. igi cno-
bilia yvelasaTvis. SesaZlebelia, rom moswavleebi
Tavadac iRebdnen monawileobas Sefasebis sqemis
SemuSavebaSi. kargia, Tu Sefasebis sqema gamoikvreba
klasSi TvalsaCino adgilas.
moswavlis Sefaseba maswavleblis erT-erTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani da ZiriTadi saqmianobaa,
romelic swavlisa da swavlebisaTvis gankuTvnili
drois did nawils ikavebs. mkvlevrebis azriT, Se-
fasebaze maswavleblebis drois, daaxloebiT, erTi
mesamedi ixarjeba. mimdinare Sefaseba saswavlo
procesis aucilebeli Semadgeneli nawilia, Tumca,
xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac saganmanaTleblo dawe-
sebulebis mTeli saswavlo procesi saboloo Sema-
jamebel gamocdazea orentirebuli. amitom zogier-
Ti mkvlevari ewinaaRmdegeba maswavleblis zedmetad
aqtiur CarTvas Sefasebis procesSi da fiqrobs, rom
umjobesia, Sefasebaze daxarjuli dro maswavle-
belma swavlebisaTvis gamoiyenos. maswavlebelTa mx-
ridan saboloo Sefasebaze gadaWarbebuli aqcentis
gakeTeba araa marTebuli, radgan saswavlo procesis
efeqturad dagegmva da swori warmarTva moswavle-
Ta akademiuri miRwevis TvalsazrisiT TavisTavad
iZleva maRal Sedegebs.
miuxedavad gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebisa,

32
moswavlis Sefaseba saskolo procesis umniSvnelo-
vanesi komponentia. Sefaseba iZleva imis garkvevis
saSualebas, Tu ramdenad iTviseben moswavleebi gan-
vlil masalas. metic, Sefaseba exmareba maswavleb-
els, ukeTesad dagegmos Semdgomi gakveTilebi da
gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxaree-
bi.
erovnuli saswavlo gegema, romelic mudmivad
ganicdis revizirebas, aris ZiriTadi dokumenti, sa-
dac gansazRvrulia Sefasebis arsi, daniSnuleba da
saxeebi. Sesabamisad, is aris fundamenturi dokumen-
ti, romelsac eyrdnoba swavla-swavlebis es umniS-
vnelovanesi komponenti.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis dawyebiT safexurze
gamoiyo swavla-swavlebis or sakvanZo etapze gan-
saxorcielebeli sagnobrivi standartebi:
I-IV – oTxwledis bolos;
V-VI – dawyebiTi safexuris bolos.
sagnobriv standartebSi swavlebis miznebi Cam-
oyalibebulia konkretuli Sedegebis saxiT, anu im
codnisa da unar-Cvevebis saxiT, romlebic unda
warmoaCinos moswavlem mocemuli etapebis (pirve-
li-oTxi klasisa da mexuTe-meeqvse klasebis) das-
rulebis Semdeg.
mesame Taobis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi gan-
sazRvrulia moswavlis Sefasebis principebi da
amocanebi: 1. moswavlis Sefasebis mTavari mizania
swavla-swavlebis xarisxis marTva, rac gulisx-
mobs, erTi mxriv, swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze
zrunvas da, meore mxriv, swavla-swavlebis xarisxis
monitorings. Sefaseba unda iZleodes informacias

33
moswavlis individualuri progresis Sesaxeb. 2. mos-
wavlis Sefaseba aris swavla-swavlebis ganuyofeli
nawili. Tanamimdevruli saganmanaTleblo procesis
uzrunvelsayofad, moswavlis Sefaseba unda dae-
fuZnos swavlis konstruqtivistul principebs. 3.
moswavlis Sefasebis ZiriTad amocanebs warmoad-
gens: a) aCvenos rogor mimdinareobs moswavlis cod-
nis konstruirebis procesi da mexsierebaSi codna-
Ta urTierTdakavSireba; b) axali saswavlo sakiTxis/
Temis dawyebamde daadginos moswavlis winare codna
da warmodgenebi; g) gamoavlinos, ramdenad axerxebs
moswavle sakuTari Zlieri da susti mxareebis da-
moukideblad Sefasebas, aseve, ramdenad gaazrebul
da efeqtian nabijebs dgams igi sakuTari winsvlis
xelSesawyobad; d) moicvas samive kategoriis cod-
na; e) aCvenos, ramdenad axerxebs moswavle codnis
erTobliobaTa funqciurad gamoyenebas Sinaarsian
konteqstebSi. 4. ZiriTadi amocanebis gadasaWrelad
moswavlis SefasebaSi prioriteti mieniWeba kom-
pleqsur, konteqstis mqone davalebebs, romelTa
Sesruleba moswavles ubiZgebs codnis sxvadasxva
komponentis interaqtiulad da Tanadroulad ga-
moyenebisken.
aqvea mocemuli ganmsazRvreli da ganmaviTare-
beli Sefasebis ganmartebani: ganmsazRvreli Se-
faseba adgens moswavlis miRwevis dones sagnobrivi
saswavlo gegmis SedegebTan mimarTebaSi. ganmavi-
Tarebeli Sefaseba adgens TiToeuli moswavlis gan-
viTarebis dinamikas da mimarTulia swavlis xarisxis
gaumjobesebaze. Sefaseba qarTul enasa da litera-
turaSi erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT kompo-

34
nentebadaa dayofili:
Sefasebis komponentebi
mimdinare (saSinao da saklaso)
 davalebaTa komponentebi SeiZleba Sefasdes
Semdegi codniTa da unar-CvevebiT: sxvadasx-
va saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
mravalmxrivi gaazreba-gaanalizebTa da Sefase-
biT;
 teqstebis interpretireba;
 teqstebis SedarebiTi analizi;
 Txroba;
 msjeloba;
 sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis Sedgena-SeTxzva;
 zepiri gamosvla/prezentacia;
 gamometyvelebiTi kiTxva;
 gramatikuli da leqsikuri codna;
 marTlwera;
 SemoqmedebiToba;
 saswavlo strategiebis (kiTxvis, weris, mosme-
nis, zepirmetyvelebis) gaazrebulad gamoyeneba;
 mxatvruli xerxebis codna;
 enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis amoc-
noba da gaanalizeba;
 ZiriTadi literaturuli mimdinareobebis max-
asiaTeblebi da sxva. sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebi:
 SemoqmedebiToba;
 TanamSromloba (mewyvilesTan, jgufis wev-
rebTan);
 strategiebis gaazrebulad gamoyeneba un-
ar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisa da saswavlo saqmiano-
bis xelSewyobis mizniT;

35
  saswavlo aqtivobebSi CarTuloba.
unar-Cvevebi fasdeba Semdegi davalebebiT:
 dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema;
 sxvadasxva tipis gramatikuli da leqsikuri sa-
varjiSoebi;
 diskusiis mowyoba problemur sakiTxTan dakav-
SirebiT; individualuri an jgufuri prezent-
aciis momzadeba;
 sxvadasxva tipis sakiTxavi da mosasmeni amo-
canebis gadaWra;
 sxvadasxva tipis zepiri aqtivobis Sesruleba
damoukideblad, mewyvilesTan erTad an jgufu-
rad; sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis Seqmna damou-
kideblad, mewyvilesTan erTad an jgufurad;
 proeqtis ganxorcieleba.
SeniSvna: dawyebiT klasebSi gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda mieqces Semdeg unar-Cvevebs:
 gawafulad kiTxva;
 gamowera;
 gadawera;
 karnaxiT wera;
 Sinaarsis gadmocema sakvanZo sityvebze/ilus-
traciebze dayrdnobiT;
 epizodebis Txroba;
 Sinaarsis vrclad da mokled gadmocema.
Semajamebeli davalebebis komponenti
Semajamebeli davalebis komponenti ukavSirde-
ba swavla-swavlebis Sedegs. am komponentSi unda Se-
fasdes erTi saswavlo monakveTis (Tema, Tavi, para-
grafi, sakiTxi) Seswavla-damuSavebis gziT miRweuli
Sedegebi. konkretuli saswavlo erTeulis das-

36
rulebisas moswavlem unda SeZlos qarTuli enisa
da literaturis standartiT gansazRvruli codni-
sa da unar-Cvevebis warmoCena.
Semajamebel davalebaTa tipebi
standartis moTxovnaTa Sesasruleblad re-
komendebulia Semajamebel davalebaTa mravali
formis gamoyeneba. qarTul enasa da literaturaSi
SesaZlebelia Semdegi tipis Semajamebeli davale-
bebis gamoyeneba:

mxatvruli/aramxatvruli teqstis gageba-gaaz-
reba;

standartiT gansazRvruli sxvadasxva saxis te-
qstebis Sedgena;

argumentirebuli msjeloba konkretuli sakiTx-
is/Temis Sesaxeb;

zepiri moxsenebis warmodgena;

eses Sedgena;

problemuri sakiTxis warmodgena imitirebuli
situaciis (minispeqtaklis, roluri TamaSis da
sxv.) saSualebiT;

gamometyvelebiTi kiTxva (individualuri an
gunduri);

literaturuli saloni;

proeqti;

zepiri gamosvlis audio an audiovizualuri
Canaweris mosmena, Sefaseba da sxva.
moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes
Semajamebeli davalebebi:

yvela tipis davalebas unda axldes Sefasebis
rubrika (testuri davalebebis SemTxvevaSi Ti-
Toeul kiTxvas unda axldes Sefasebis sqema);

37
  zogadi rubrika unda dazustdes konkretuli
davalebis pirobisa da ganvlili masalis gaT-
valiswinebiT;
 miTiTebuli unda iyos standartis is Sedegebi,
romelTa Semowmebasac emsaxureba Semajamebeli
davaleba.
ganaTlebis sistemis amocanaa saswavlo procesis
da garemos imgvarad organizeba, rom moswavleebma
maqsimalurad miaRwion gansazRvrul swavlis Sede-
gebs. Sedegis miRweva moswavlem TvalsaCino qceviT
(aqtivobiT, SesrulebiT) unda daadasturos. Sesa-
bamisad, moswavlis mxridan Sedegis miRweva mis aq-
tivobebze dakvirvebiT an mis mier Seqmnili produq-
tis analizis gziT xdeba. maswavlebeli aanalizebs
moswavlis reagirebas gamowvevebis dros: mis zepir
pasuxebs, diskusiaSi monawileobas, weris process,
nawers, ganxorcielebul proeqtebs, savarjiSoebis
Sesrulebas da a.S. maswavlebels moswavleze dak-
virvebis safuZvelze unda SeeZlos swori daskvnis
gakeTeba: ramdenadaa miaxloebuli an dacilebuli
moswavle Sedegis miRwevis sasurvel dones.
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi yoveli Sedegi
dazustebulia ramdenime indikatoriT. indikatore-
bi TvalsaCinos xdis, ra SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli
konkretuli Sedegis miRweva vivaraudoT. indika-
torebi akonkreteben moswavlis mosalodnel qcevas:
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavle warmoaCens indikatorSi
aRniSnul qcevas/qcevebs, es Sedegis miRwevis maCven-
ebeli iqneba. amavdroulad, indikatorebi azustebs
Sedegis miRwevis dones yvela klasisTvis, sxvadasxva
klasisTvis sxvadasxva sirTulis indikatorebia gan-

38
sazRvruli: pirvel klasSi - ufro martivi, vidre
yovel momdevno klasSi. saswavlo Sedegis da indika-
torebis amgvari organizeba exmareba maswavlebels
Tvali adevnos moswavlis progress da gansazRvros
misi miRwevis done.
moswavleebi erovnul saswavlo miznebs gansx-
vavebulad aRweven, ramdenadac erTi asakobrivi jgu-
fis bavSvebi da mozardebi mniSvnelovnad SeiZleba
gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan SesaZleblobebis
mixedviT, codnis da unaris aTvisebis tempiTa da
siRrmiT. arseboben maRali akademiuri moswrebis
moswavleebi da specialuri saganmanaTleblo saW-
iroebis mqone maTi Tanatolebi, romelTac Sesa-
Zlebelia hqondeT mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli sir-
Tuleebi swavlis procesSi. maT saswavlo Sedegebs
SesaZlebelia mxolod nawilobriv miaRwion.
V-VI klasebis qarTuli enisa da literaturis
swavlebaSi standartSi gawerili Sedegebis miRwe-
vaTa indeqsi Sedgeba zeprmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, da
weris mimarTulebiT misaRwevi Sedegebisgan, romlis
ganxorcielebaSic Sefasebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
moswavleTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvalis-
winebiT, dawyebiTi safexuris zeda klasebis far-
glebSi mniSvnelovania gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis
gamaxvileba iseT sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa:
zeprmetyveleba: V-VI klasebSi saTanado yur-
adReba unda mieqces kritikuli mosmenis, mosmeni-
lis interpretaciisa da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis
gamomuSavebas; individualuri da jgufuri sakomu-
nikacio unarebis, aseve TviTgamoxatvis unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTarebas.

39
 kiTxva: V-VI klasebSi Rrmavdeba moswavleTa eno-
brivi kompetenciebi rogorc recefciul, ise fun-
qciur doneze, moswavleebs TandaTan uyalibdebaT
esTetikuri da emociuri damokidebuleba mxatvru-
li teqstebis mimarT. am Sinagani procesebis stim-
ulirebas saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces. muSaoba
unda warimarTos im mimarTulebiTac, rom moswav-
leebs gamoumuSavdeT da ganuviTardeT qveteqstis
(implicituri informaciis) wvdomis, aseve masalis
konteqstSi gaazrebisa da intepretaciis, kritiku-
li azrovnebisa Tu wakiTxulis Sefasebis unarebi.
wera: V-VI klasebSi muSaoba unda warimarTos
im mimarTulebiT, rom moswavleebs gamoumuSavdeT
gamarTuli weriTi metyvelebis, azris Tanamim-
devrulad da logikurad gadmocemis unar-Cvevebi.
aseve saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces moswavleTa
TviTgamoxatvisa da SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganvi-
Tarebas.
moswavleTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaT-
valiswinebiT, dawyebiTi safexuris zeda klasebis
farglebSi mniSvnelovania gansakuTrebuli yur-
adRebis gamaxvileba imaze, rom Semajamebeli Sefase-
ba mxolod mexuTe klasis meore naxevridan Semodis
da Sefasebis umetesi wili swavlebis am safexurze
ganmaviTarebel Sefasebaze modis.
yvela maswavlebeli acnobierebs kavSirs swav-
lebasa da Semajamebel testirebas Soris. rogorc
wesi, efeqtur swavlebas moswavleTa kargi Sedegebi
mosdevs Semajamebel testebSi. Tumca ar unda gam-
ovtovoT mniSvnelovani elementi – rogor amowmebs
maswavlebeli moswavleTa moswrebas ara mxolod

40
saswavlo procesis bolos, aramed uSualod swavlis
procesSi. rac ufro xSirad amowmebs maswavlebeli
codnas, miT ufro efeqturia swavleba.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebeli mos-
wavleTa saqmianobas amowmebs ara maTi miRwevis do-
nis gansasjelad da niSnebis dasawerad, aramed maT
dasaxmareblad. igi akvirdeba TiToeul moswavles
swavlis procesSi, Seiswavlis maT saWiroebebs, raTa
am moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmos saga-
kveTilo procesi da TiToeul maTgans maqsimalu-
rad Seuwyos xeli winsvlaSi. maswavlebeli qmnis
TanamSromlobiT da konstruqciul saswavlo gare-
mos, sadac moswavleebs ar aferxebT arc marcxis da
arc warumateblobis SiSi. maT nebismier SemTxveva-
Si maswavleblis rCevisa da mxardaWeris imedi aqvT.
aseT garemoSi TiToeuli moswavle axal codnas Sei-
Zens, gamocdilebas gaimdidrebs da unarebs gaium-
jobesebs. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procesSi, mas-
wavlebelTan erTad, moswavleebic arian CarTulni.
isinic cdiloben, maswavleblis daxmarebiT daadg-
inon sakuTari moTxovnilebebi, Zlieri da susti
mxareebi, Semaferxebeli faqtorebi. am procesebSi
CarTva maTSi TviTSefasebisa da TviTganviTarebis
unar-Cvevebs ayalibebs, zrdis maT qmedunarianoba-
sac da pasuxismgeblobasac.
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavleblebisTvis mniS-
vnelovania, xazgasmiT aRiniSnos is faqti, rom gan-
maviTarebeli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi, moswavle fas-
deba sakuTar TavTan, sakuTar miRwevebTan da ara
- yvelasaTvis saerTo normasTan mimarTebiT.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom moswav-

41
lem dainaxos sakuTari winsvla da irwmunos, rom
siZneleTa etapobrivad gadalaxva SeuZlia.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis daniSnulebaa mos-
wavlis swavlis monitoringi da mudmivi ukukavSiri,
rac exmareba maswavleblebs swavlebis, xolo mos-
wavleebs – swavlis gaumjobesebaSi. ganmaviTare-
beli Sefaseba aris moswavleebis swavlaze mudmivi
dakvirvebis, aRricxvisa da analizis procesi. mag-
aliTad, Tu maswavlebeli SeamCnevs, rom ramdenime
moswavles uWirs grZeli sityvebis wakiTxva an per-
sonaJis qcevebis daxasiaTeba, mas SeuZlia Secvalos
aqtivobebi, davalebebi, saswavlo resursebi da amg-
varad daexmaros moswavleebs. mocemul SemTxvevebSi
maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos sityvebis skivri
an moitanos cxovrebiseuli magaliTebi personaJis
Tvisebebis gamosakveTad. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis
Sedegebi maswavlebels aCvenebs, ramdenad efeqturad
warmarTavs igi swavlebis process da saWiroa Tu ara
misi mxridan midgomebis, strategiebis, resursebis
Secvla. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moicavs mimdinare
Semowmebas, dakvirvebas, Sejamebebsa da ganxilvebs,
romlebic maswavlebels saWiro informacias awvdis
swavlebis procesSi da romelTa safuZvelzec mos-
wavleebi regularulad iReben konstruqciul uku-
kavSirs (konstruqciuli ukukavSiris Sesaxeb ixileT
qvemoT).
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba umniSvnelovanes
rols asrulebs diferencirebul saklaso oTaxSic,
sadac erTmaneTis gverdigverd sxedan gansxvavebu-
li mzaobisa da miRwevebis mqone moswavleebi. reg-
ularuli ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis, anu aTvisebis

42
Semowmebis gareSe maswavlebeli ver gaigebs, Tu ra
sWirdeba TiToeul moswavles standartebiT gaT-
valiswinebuli warmatebis misaRwevad.
rogorc wesi, maswavleblebi ufro aqtiurad
iyeneben sakontrolo da Semajamebel Sefasebas imis
dasadgenad, Tu ra odenobis masala aiTvises mos-
wavleebma drois garkveul momentamde. naswavlis
Sefasebis aseTi formis gamoyenebiT vrwmundebiT,
ramdenad miaRwies moswavleebma dasaxul saswav-
lo miznebs saxelmZRvanelos erTi Tavis gavlis an
drois garkveuli monakveTis gasvlis Semdeg. naswav-
lis ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba mniSvnelovania angariS-
gebis mizniT, oRond maswavlebelma yuradReba unda
gaamaxvilos ganmaviTarebel Sefasebazec, romelic
aumjobesebs moswavleTa swavlas uSualod saswavlo
procesis mimdinareobisas.
miuxedavad ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mniS-
vnelovani rolisa, sulac araa saWiro misTvis zed-
meti drois daTmoba. mniSvnelovania, rom proeqtebi-
sa da Txzulebebis garda arsebobs ganmaviTarebeli
Sefasebis bevri instrumenti, romlebic swrafad da
iolad gamoiyeneba yoveldRiur praqtikaSi.
ratom unda gamoviyenoT ganmaviTarebeli Se-
faseba?
1. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba aZlierebs moswav-
lis refleqsias swavlis procesis Zlieri da susti
mxareebis Sesaxeb. amiT is xels uwyobs moswavleTa
gaaqtiurebasa da TviTmonitorings.
2. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas moswavleTa az-
rovnebisa da Semecnebis procesebi ufro TvalsaCino
xdeba rogorc TviT moswavleebisaTvis, ise maswav-

43
leblisaTvis. es exmareba maswavlebels adekvaturi
meTodebisa da saswavlo resursebis SerCevaSi.
3. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavleebs exmare-
ba imis gacnobierebaSi, Tu ras swavloben da ramde-
nad kargad euflebian codnas.
4. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba gvexmareba imis gan-
sazRvraSi, Tu ramdenad mzadaa bavSvi, rom codna da
unarebi axal situaciebSi gamoiyenos.
5. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba gvexmareba swav-
lebis diferencirebaSi, jgufebis sworad dakomp-
leqtebaSi da moswavleebisTvis adekvaturi davale-
bebis SerCevaSi.
6. moswavleTa ganmaviTarebeli SefasebiT miRe-
bul informaciaze dayrdnobiT maswavlebels Seu-
Zlia Seafasos Catarebuli gakveTilis efeqturoba.
7. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba xels uwyobs mos-
wavleTa TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis un-
arebis ganviTarebas.
8. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba exmareba saswavlo
procesis monawileebs konstruqciuli ukukavSiris
gacemasa da gamoyenebaSi (maswavlebeli-moswavle,
moswavle-moswavle, moswavle-maswavlebeli).
9. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis meSveobiT maswav-
lebeli Rebulobs informacias da gadawyvetilebebs
swavlebis procesSi dauyovnebliv an mogvianebiT
Sesatani Sesworebebis Sesaxeb.
10. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba komforts uqmnis
da Tavdajerebas matebs moswavles mosazrebebis sa-
jarod gamoxatvisas.
kviris ganmavlobaSi mravalferovani ganma-
viTarebeli Sefasebis gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli

44
miiRebs realur suraTs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aqvT aT-
visebuli da kidev ris aTviseba sWirdebaT moswav-
leebs saboloo miznis misaRwevad. yoveldRiurad,
sul mcire, TiTo tipis ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis
gamoyenebiT maswavlebels eZleva saSualeba, Sea-
fasos swavlis procesi da miiRos pasuxi sakvanZo
kiTxvebze:

rogor viTardeba TiToeuli moswavlis codna
da unarebi?

riT SemiZlia davexmaro moswavleebs ama Tu im
davalebis Sesrulebasa Tu unaris gawafvaSi?
efeqtur saklaso oTaxSi ganmaviTarebeli Se-
faseba saswavlo procesis ganuyofeli nawilia.
kargi maswavleblebi:

mudmivad iyeneben ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas,
rogorc informaciis mniSvnelovan wyaros;

gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom sasurvelia maswav-
lebelma gakveTilis msvlelobis dros 15 wuTSi
erTxel mainc gadaamowmos swavlisa da aTvisebis
xarisxi. SeaqvT adekvaturi cvlileba-damatebe-
bi swavlebis procesSi miRebul informaciaze
dayrdnobiT;

swrafad reagireben calkeul moswavleTa
Seferxebebze da sTavazoben maT adekvatur dax-
marebas (skafoldingi); aZleven am moswavleebs
xelaxla mosinjvisa da warmatebis miRwevis
Sanss;

adekvatur aqtivobebSi CarTviTa da saTanado
sirTulis davalebebis micemiT, Semdgomi gan-
viTarebis SesaZleblobas aZleven warmatebul
moswavleebs.

45
 moswavleTa mier sakiTxis/unaris aTvise-
bis gadamowmebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli svams iseT
SekiTxvebs, rogorebicaa:
 vis sWirdeba axla Cemi yuradReba?
 romeli moswavleebi saWiroeben swavlebis sx-
vagvar midgomebs?
 romeli moswavleebi ver axerxeben axali cod-
nis dauflebas?
 ra SemiZlia gavakeTo imisTvis, rom TiToeulma
moswavlem gadadgas nabiji axali unarebis gam-
oyenebis mimarTulebiT?
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba SesaZlebelobas gva-
Zlevs reagireba movaxdinoT cvlilebebze, kon-
struqciulia, xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivire-
bas, awvdis maT informacias imis Taobaze, rogor
aris SesaZlebeli swavlis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba,
exmareba sakuTari Tavisa Tu sxvisi adekvaturi Se-
fasebis unaris formirebaSi da SesaZlebels xdis
warmatebis dafiqsirebas.
cnobilia, rom ganmaviTarebel da Semajameb-
el Sefasebebs Soris Zireuli gansxvaveba Sefase-
bis proceduris Catarebis droa. magaliTad, Sema-
jamebeli testireba tardeba saswavlo kursis
bolos, xolo ganmaviTarebeli testireba – kursis
dasawyisSi da misi mimdinareobisas. ganmaviTarebeli
Sefasebis instrumentebi isea Seqmnili, rom ufro
mWidro kavSiri aqvT swavlis processa da saswavlo
masalasTan, amitom maT ufro xSirad da dinamiku-
rad iyeneben. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procedura
iseT dros unda ganxorcieldes, rom maswavlebels
mis safuZvelze swavlebis procesSi Sesabamisi cvl-

46
ilebis Setana SeeZlos; moswavles ki unda SeeZlos,
swavlis procesSi Sesabamisi cvlileba Seitanos, an
Sefasebidan miRebulma ukukavSirma mas motivacia
gauZlieros.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis arsi swored isaa, rom
man swavlebis procesis modificirebisa da moswav-
lis Sedegis gaumjobesebisaTvis saWiro informaci-
is miwodeba uzrunvelyos. amasTanave, informacia
iseT dros unda iyos miwodebuli, rom moswavlemac
da maswavlebelmac gaacnobieron, ra cvlilebebis
Setanaa saWiro swavlasa da swavlebaSi, raTa saswav-
lo miznisken svla warmatebiT gagrZeldes.
ganmaviTarebel da Semajamebel testirebebs
Soris kidev erTi Zireuli gansxvavebaa. marTalia,
gazomva ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis safuZvels war-
moadgens, magram mis instrumentebSi Sesabamisi sa-
zomi komponenti SeiZleba saerTod ar iyos. amasTa-
nave, es instrumentebi xSirad qulebis miniWebasac
ar iTvaliswinebs. ganmaviTarebeli testirebis in-
strumentebidan miRebuli monacemebi, ZiriTadad,
ukukavSirisa da gezis mimcemis funqcias asrulebs;
Tavad Sefasebis process ki ufro praqtikuli
samuSaos saxe aqvs, vidre testirebisa. rodesac mo-
zardi raime masalis swavlas iwyebs, xSirad maRali
Sedegi Tavidanve ar Cans. amitom, saWiroa swavlis
procesSive mozardis akademiuri progresis zus-
ti gazomva da iseTi gzebis dasaxva, romlebic mo-
zardebs saswavlo miznisaken svlas gauadvilebs.
Sesabamisad, ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizani da
daniSnulebaa moswavlisa da pedagogis informireba
swavlis procesSi ganxorcielebuli progresis Ses-

4. r. f i f i a 47
axeb da am gzaze maTTvis mimarTulebis micema.
ganmaviTarebel da Semajamebel Sefasebebs So-
ris kidev erTi gansxvaveba moswavlis rols ukav-
Sirdeba. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis aqti-
ur CarTulobas moiTxovs da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
mis aqtiurobaze mniSvnelovnadac aris damokidebu-
li. Semajamebeli Sefasebisas es roli, rogorc wesi,
mxolod gamocdebsa da testirebebSi monawileobiT
Semoifargleba. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas mos-
wavleebi sakuTari swavlis procesis SemowmebaSi aq-
tiurad unda CaerTon da Sefasebis instrumentidan
miRebul ukukavSirze dayrdnobiT, sakuTari qceva
garkveulwilad unda Secvalon. ukukavSiri, romel-
ic Sefasebas swavlebasa da swavlas akavSirebs, gan-
maviTarebeli Sefasebis centraluri komponentia.
kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom am procesSi moswavleebis
CarTuloba swavlis motivacias aZlierebs. pedago-
gebs SeuZliaT, maTi CarTuloba aRwerilobiTi uku-
kavSirebiT uzrunvelyon, an sakuTari akademiuri
progresis grafikuli gamosaxva daavalon, an Tana-
tolebis Sefaseba da ukukavSiris maTTvis miwodeba
sTxovon. mozardebis uSualo CarTuloba iZleva Ri-
rebul informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra icis moswav-
lem da risi gakeTeba SeuZlia, risi swavla sWirdeba
da ra nabijebia gadasadgmeli swavlis efeqtianobis
asamaRleblad.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom ganmaviTarebe-
li Sefaseba gansakuTrebiT Sedegiani dabali mos-
wrebis mozardebisTvisaa. kvlevebis Tanaxmad, iq,
sadac ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas iyeneben, dabali
da maRali moswrebis moswavleebs Soris gansxvave-

48
ba mcirdeba, zogadad, swavlis xarisxi ki izrdeba.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis Se-
degad miRebuli informacia mozards-swavlis, mas-
wavlebels ki swavlebis gzebs aCvenebs.
ukukavSiri uwyveti procesia, romelic efuZne-
ba Sefasebis sxvadasxva formas: dakvirvebas, tests,
kiTxva-pasuxs da sxv. ukukavSiri SeiZleba iyos ro-
gorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri. efeqturi ukukavSiri-
saTvis maswavlebels SemuSavebuli unda hqondes
mkafio kriteriumebi (rubrikebi), romlebsac is ac-
nobs ara mxolod moswavleebs, aramed yvela dain-
teresebul pirs (mSoblebs, kolegebs, administra-
cias).
maswavlebeli moswavlis swavlis procesSi gam-
oyofs mniSvnelovan etapebs, gansazRvravs TiToeul
etapze misaRwev Sedegebs da aZlevs moswavles uku-
kavSirs (ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas), raTa moswavlem
kargad dainaxos sakuTari progresi. Tavad mos-
wavlesac damoukideblad SeuZlia sakuTari saswav-
lo saqmianobisaTvis Tvalis midevneba. maswavleblis
mier micemul saklaso Tu saSinao davalebebze da-
kvirveba moswavles saSualebas aZlevs Seafasos sa-
kuTari saswavlo saqmianoba, aRmoaCinos Zlieri da
susti mxareebi, magram amisaTvis mas unda hqondes
Sefasebis mkafio kriteriumebi, romlebsac is daey-
rdnoba. sxvagvarad Znelia TviTSefasebas SevaCvioT
moswavleebi.
Sefasebis mravalmxrivobisaTvis maswavlebelma
unda gamoiyenos sxvadasxva saSualeba: zepiri gamok-
iTxva, weriTi samuSao, kiTxvebi, prezentacia, pro-
eqti, CaTvla an gamocda, saqaRalde, anu e.w. `port-

49
folio~, TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefaseba da sxv.
Sefasebis meTodebi: maswavlebeli moswavleebis
codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad ramdenime
ZiriTad meTods iyenebs. es meTodebia: testireba,
maswavleblis dakvirveba, komentari, moswavleTa
TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefaseba. yvela am meTods
saerTo mizani aqvs – maTi saSualebiT grovde-
ba informacia moswavleebis warmatebebisa da maTi
problemebis Sesaxeb da am informaciis gaTvalis-
winebiT swavlebis Semdgomi etapi igegmeba. Sefasebis
meTodebs erTmaneTisgan konkretuli mizani, forma
da mniSvneloba ganasxvavebs.
Sefasebis rubrikebi: mniSvnelovania, rom mos-
wavleebs gacnobierebuli hqondeT, Tu rogor da
ris mixedviT Sefasdebian. Sefasebis saukeTeso in-
strumentia rubrika (sqema), romelic SeiZleba iyos
rogorc maswavleblis mier moswavleTa Sefasebis,
aseve TviTSefasebis forma. rubrika mkacrad gansaz-
Rvruli kriteriumebisa da maTi gamoyenebis wesebis
erTobliobaa, romlis mixedviTac fasdeba moswavlis
Sedegi ama Tu im aqtivobaSi an saganSi. imis mixed-
viT, Tu konkretulad ris Semowmebas/gaumjobesebas
gegmavs maswavlebeli, man SeiZleba rubrika ramden-
ime kriteriumad dayos da maT moswavleTa akade-
miuri miRwevis sxvadasxva donis Sesabamisi qulebi
an sityvieri mniSvnelobebi mianiWos. amgvari sqemis
upiratesoba isaa, rom maswavlebelica da moswavlec
konkretul informacias iReben imasTan dakavSire-
biT, Tu romeli kriteriumiT aqvs moswavles prob-
lemebi da raze unda gamaxvildes yuradReba. erTi
da imave rubrikis sistematurad gamoyeneba progre-

50
sis monitoringis karg saSualebas iZleva.
rubrika SeiZleba Seiqmnas rogorc davalebaTa
an unar-CvevaTa erTobliobis Sesafaseblad (zogadi
Sefasebis sqema), aseve erTi konkretuli davalebis
an unaris Sesafaseblad (konkretuli Sefasebis sqe-
ma).
Sefasebis rubrikis kriteriumebi pirdapir kav-
SirSi unda iyos Sesabamisi sagnis standartis indika-
torebTan. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels
SeuZlia ama Tu im rubrikaSi damatebiTi komponen-
tebic Seitanos, Tumca, ar unda daiviwyos, rom Zir-
iTadi sayrdeni swored sagnobrivi standartia.
Sefasebis rubrikis unificirebuli forma ar
arsebobs. misi mravalferovneba damokidebulia im
faqtorebze, Tu ra fasdeba, romeli kriteriume-
bia prioritetuli, vin da rogor iyenebs Sefasebis
Sedegebs da a.S. miuxedavad amisa, yvela rubrikis
mimarT ramdenime ZiriTadi moTxovna arsebobs: san-
dooba (rubrikis kriteriumebis erTmniSvnelovnad
da mkafiod Camoyalibeba), mizanTan Sesabamisoba
(rubrikis kriteriumebi amowmebs mxolod imas, risi
Sefasebac winaswaraa gamiznuli) da gamWvirvaloba
(moswavleebi winaswar icnoben Sefasebis im sqemas,
romliTac maTi codna fasdeba). sasurvelia, Tu Se-
fasebis rubrikis SedgenaSi moswavleebi uSualod
iqnebian CarTulni. es maT saSualebas miscems, ukeT
gaerkvnen, Tu ras iTxoven maTgan da rogor afaseben
maT codnas.
Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi efeq-
turi da warmatebuli swavlebis misaRwevad mniS-
vnelovania moswavleTa motivaciis amaRleba, raSic

51
did rols asrulebs moswavleTa obieqturi Sefase-
ba, Sefasebis mravalmxrivi midgoma, Sefasebis ru-
brikebis gamoyeneba muSaobis procesSi. maswavleb-
lis momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programebi srul
da amomwurav codnas unda aZlevdnen momaval mas-
wavlebls saskolo cxovrebis da swavla-swavlebis
mniSvnelovan mxareebze. Sefasebis sistema dRemde
rCeba yvelaze problemur sakiTxad Cvens saskolo
cxovrebaSi da Sesabamisad, mudmivi ganviTarebisa da
daxvewis procesSia. momaval maswavleblebs Teori-
ul codnasTan erTad unda ganvuviTaroT arsebul
problemebTan gamklavebis unari da gavaaazrebinoT
Sefasebis instrumentis kreatiulad gamoyenebis
efeqturobis arsi, risTvisac maTi praqtikumi unda
davgegmoT Semdegnairad:
 ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis
ZiriTad miznebi;
 ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis ZiriTadi strategie-
bi;
 ganasxvaveba Sefasebasa da testirebaSi;
 kiTxvebis dasma, rogorc ganmaviTarebeli Se-
faseba;
 Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebi: validuroba,
sandooba da a.S.;
 gansxvaveba testirebisa da Sefasebis ZiriTad
principebs Soris;
 saswavlo miznebis Sedgena blumis taqsonomiis
gaTvaliswinebiT;
 saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisi testuri proeq-
tis Sedgena.
praqtikumis TiToeuli komponentis gaazrebi-

52
sTvis saWiroa swavlebisa da Sefasebis strategiebis,
Sefasebis yvela kriteriumis da Sefasebis Sedegebis
gaanalizeba da swavlebis procesis Sesabamisad mod-
ificireba genderis, socialuri gansxvavebebisa da
gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac
momavalSi maswavleblebs daexmareba gazomvadi sas-
wavlo miznebis gansazRvrasa da saswavlo procesis
dagegmvaSi.

53
 literatura:

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. sagnobrivi programa

qarTul enasa da literaturaSi. Tb., 2018-2023
www.mes.gov.ge.
2. jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: T. jayeli, n. silagaZe,
kurikulumi-pedagogiuri praqtikis srulyofis
saSualeba, mesame Taobis erovnuli saswavlo ge-
gmis konceptualuri da meTodologiuri gzamkv-
levi, Tb., 2018.
3. qarTuli ena da literatura, I-VI klasebi, gzam-
kvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, T. jayelis redaqci-
iT, Tb., 2011.
4. meliqiZe, bagrationi-gruzinski, lorTqifaniZe
meliqiZe, 2018: m. bagrationi-gruzinski, r.
lorTqifaniZe, swavlebis meTodebi inkluziur
ganaTlebaSi, qarTuli ena da literatura, gzam-
kvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, Tb., 2018; https://www.
wvi.org/sites/–default/files/–Qartuli_Print_HQ_2mm_
bleed.pdf
5. makandreusi 2016: stefani l. makandreusi,
wignierebis diagnostikuri Sefaseba da swav-
lebis strategiebi, Tb., 2016.
6. efeqtiani swavleba, Teoria da praqtika, gamoc-
debis erovnuli centri, red. i. kutalaZe, Tb.,
2010
7. resursebis krebuli, 2015: saqarTvelos daw-
yebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PRIEd), kiTxvisa
da weris swavleba dawyebiT safexurze, saswav-
lo-meTodologiuri resursebis krebuli, I-VI
54
 klasebi, Tb., 2015.
8. swavleba da Sefaseba. maswavlebelTa profesi-
uli ganviTarebis centri, Tb., 2008.
9. maswavleblis saqmianobis dawyebis, profesiuli
ganviTarebisa da karieruli winsvlis sqemis
gzamkvlevi, nawili I da II., Tb., 2016.
10. j. jinjixaZe, 2012: j. jinjixaZe, Tanamedrove
pedagogiuri teqnologiebi, Tb., 2012.
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fasebis Sesaxeb, mastsavlebeli.ge/–uploads/nozadze.
pdf. bolo naxva:10. 09. 2018.
12. labartyava, 2018: n. labartyava, ratom aris
mniSvnelovani ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba, http://
mastsavlebeli.ge/uploads–/resursebi/nino_laba–rtyava.
pdf. bolo naxva: 12. 09. 2018.

55
 Tavi III

samodelo gakveTilis Catarebis meTodika

samodelo gakveTilebis dros maswavleblebi ec-

nobian efeqturad dagegmil da Catarebul sagakve-
Tilo praqtikas. isini uyureben videogakveTilebs
an eswrebian fasilitatorisa Tu kolegis mier arse-
buli efeqturi resursebisa da gegmebis gamoyenebiT
Catarebul gakveTils. maswavleblebi yuradRebiT
akvirdebian swavlebis dros gamoyenebul strate-
giebs, aanlizeben maT da ukavSireben sakuTar praq-
tikasa da gamocdilebas [fasilitatoris gzamkv-
levi, 2015: gv.32-35].
maswavleblebis mier Catarebuli gakveTilebi
miznobriobiT erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. am ga-
kveTilebs Soris aris iseTebic, romlebic ara mx-
olod moswavleebis gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs,
aramed pedagogiuri TvalsazrisiT inovaciuria da
kolegebisaTvis sasargeblo. sqemis upirvelesi mi-
zani urTierTTanamSromlobis gziT maswavleblis
profesiuli ganviTarebaa. swored amitom ganisaz-
Rvra wamyvani maswavleblebisTvis savaldebulo aq-
tivobad samodelo gakveTilebis Catareba [gzamkv-
levi, 2016: gv. 13].
saklaso oTaxSi inovaciuri swavla-swavlebis
procesis dagegmva ar aris advili. Tanamedrove
strategiebis Sesaxeb mosmenili sesiebi sakmarisi ar
aris imisTvis, rom saklaso oTaxSi dabrunebulma
maswavlebelma mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Seitanos
sakuTar praqtikaSi. amisTvis, upirveles yovlisa,

56
sWirdebaT naxon, rogor muSaobs esa Tu is strate-
gia praqtikaSi, anu rogor gamoiyeneba isini sakla-
so oTaxebSi. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa
videogakveTilebi, radgan maswavleblebs saSuale-
ba aqvT ganmeorebiT uyuron garkveul epizodebs,
SualedebSi SeaCeron Cveneba, isaubron mniSvnelo-
vani epizodebis Sesaxeb da a.S. efeqturi gakveTilis
naxva sakmarisi ar aris praqtikis Sesacvlelad saW-
iro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisTvis. mniSvnelovania,
rom fasilitatoris daxmarebiT maswavleblebi wi-
naswar moemzadon am gamocdilebis misaRebad, misi
dasrulebis Semdeg ki Seajamon nanaxi da refleqsia
gaakeTon gakveTilis Sesaxeb.

samodelo gakveTilebis ZiriTadi fazebi:

I faza. samodelo gakveTilis fokusis gansaz-
Rvra (maswavleblebi da fasilitatori erToblivad
wyveten, ra saswavlo strategiebisa da meTodebis
Sesaxeb surT samodelo gakveTilis naxva; maswav-
leblebi emzadebian samodelo gakveTilis sanaxavad.
fasilitatorTan erTad isini msjeloben molod-
inebis Sesaxeb (`ras veli, rom vnaxo gakveTilze?~);
II faza. samodelo gakveTilis meTodis SerCeva
(fasilitatori maswavleblebTan erTad arCevs sa-
modelo gakveTilis Temas da misi demonstrirebis
meTods (videogakveTili an maswavleblebis/fasili-
tatoris/treneris mier Catarebuli gakveTili). mas-
wavlebelTa saswavlo jgufis xelmZRvaneloba;
III faza. dakvirvebis formis SemuSaveba (fasil-
itatori maswavleblebs Seaxsenebs im strategias
an sakiTxs, romelic warmodgenili iqneba samod-

57
elo gakveTilSi; maswavleblebi erTmaneTs uziare-
ben codnasa da gamocdilebas samodelo gakveTilis
strategiisa da Temis Sesaxeb; maswavleblebi gamoy-
ofen sakiTxebs, romelTa naxvasac moelian samod-
elo gakveTilis dros. am informaciis gamoyenebiT
isini adgenen dakvirvebis formas).
IV faza. gakveTilis naxva/dakvirveba (maswav-
leblebi yuradRebiT akvirdebian samodelo ga-
kveTilis msvlelobas; maswavleblebi iniSnaven in-
formacias maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebis/praqtikis
Sesaxeb; videogakveTilis SemTxvevaSi maswavleble-
bi saWiroebisamebr apauzeben gakveTils da msjelo-
ben nanax epizodebze.
V faza. debrifingi (maswavleblebi msjeloben
nanaxi gakveTilis Sesaxeb. isini detalurad aRw-
eren gakveTilis msvlelobas; maswavleblebi strat-
egiebsa da swavlebis meTodebs ganixilaven sakuTar
klasTan, moswavleebTan mimarTebiT; maswavleblebi
gegmaven, rogor gamoiyenon axali strategiebi Tav-
ianT moswavleebTan).
samodelo gakveTilebis ZiriTadi fazebi da
maTi swori mimarTulebiT warmarTva masavwlebels
exmareba sakuTari praqtikis sworad gaazrebaSi,
xolo moswavleebs – axali codnis winare codnas-
Tan dakavSirebasa da transferis unaris ganviTare-
baSi.

58
3.1 integrirebuli gakveTilis Catarebis meTo-
dika dawyebiTi safexuris meore etapze
(V-VI klasebi)

integrirebuli gakveTili aris erTi da imave,

monaTesave an gamWoli Tematikis irgvliv gaer-
Tianebuli ori an ramdenime saswavlo sagnis mixed-
viT dagegmili da Catarebuli gakveTili. integri-
rebuli swavleba mniSvnelovania moswavleTaTvis
gansazRvrul Temebsa da sakiTxebze holisturi xe-
dvebis Camosayalibeblad. saswavlo sagnebs Soris
kavSiris damyareba moswavleebisTvis sasargeblos-
Tan erTad Zalian sainteresocaa, gansakuTrebiT,
dawyebiT safexurze, sadac srulfasovan sagnobriv
swavlebas skolebis umetesoba mexuTe klasidan iw-
yebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom integrirebuli swavleba
sinTezuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis saukeTeso sa-
Sualebacaa. garda amisa, integrirebuli gakveTili
maswavleblis portfolios mniSvnelovani nawilia.
adreul asakSi moswavleebs uWirT abstraqtu-
li azrovneba, analizi, ganzogadeba da kidev ufro
metad – calkeul disciplinebSi naswavli koncef-
ciebis sinTezi. rac ufro daqucmacebulia samyaro
moswavlisTvis sxvadasxva `sagnad~, miT ufro uWirs
misi aRqma da Seswavla. asakTan erTad es sirTule
iolad daiZleva. am kuTxiT, asakobriv ganviTarebas-
Tan erTad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba kargad dageg-
mil da Catarebul integrirebul gakveTilebs.
saswavlo procesSi integracia sxvadasxva sa-
ganSi Sesaswavli Temebis erTmaneTTan organul da-
kavSirebas gulisxmobs. erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi

59
aris Tematika, romlebic maswavlebels saSualebas
aZlevs dagegmos da Caataros am tipis gakveTili.
saswavlo miznebis marTebuli formulireba da am
miznebis Sesabamisi Sefasebis kriteriumebis Camoy-
alibeba mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs integrire-
buli swavlebis warmatebas. erovnuli saswavlo ge-
gmis mixedviT saswavlo disciplinebis SigniT moxda
integracia, magaliTad, maTematikasa da sabunebi-
smetyvelo sagnebSi. amasTan, saswavlo masala erTi
sagnis meoresTan Tematuri kavSiris damyarebis sa-
Sualebasac iZleva. qarTuli enisa da literaturis
maswavlebels sxva saswavlo disciplinebTan dana-
Tesavebis yvelaze farTo arCevani aqvs.
Tanamedrove samyaroSi adamianis saqmianobis
nebismieri sfero orientirebulia informaciis
flobaze, mis gaziarebasa da sxvadasxva momijnave
sferoebSi gamoyenebaze. 21-e saukune cvlilebebis
saukunea, romelic adamianisagan met mobilobas
iTxovs. mas SeiZleba mouwios sakuTari poziciisa
da profesiis Secvla. am dros gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovani xdeba ganaTlebis roli, raTa adamianma
advilad SeZlos Tanamedrove gamowvevebTan gam-
klaveba. amitom maswavleblis valdebuleba Tana-
medrove samyaroSi ar SemoisazRvreba mxolod sa-
gnis swavlebiT. Tanamedrove moTxovnebi zogadi
ganaTlebis mimarT maswavleblebs kidev ufro Sors
mimaval miznebs usaxavs da ubiZgebs maT xSirad ga-
moiyenon integracia imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma is-
wavlon erTi Temis meoresTan dakavSireba, erTi sas-
wavlo sagnisa – meoresTan. es xels uwyobs codnis
gamTlianebasa da, aseve, SeZenili codnisa da unare-

60
bis erTi sferodan meoreSi gadatanas, rasac sagan-
manaTleblo literaturaSi `transfers~ uwodeben.
dimitri uznaZis azriT, azrovnebas axasiaTebs
gadatanis unari. mas Semdeg, rac moswavle erTxel
gadaWris amocanas, mas ukve aRar uWirs analogiuri
amocanebis gadaWra sxva situaciebSi. transferi ar
xdeba TavisTavad. amisaTvis saWiroa swavlebis spe-
cialurad dagegmva. transferis meqanizmi sxvadasx-
vanairia. arsebobs axlo da Sori transferi. maT
Soris sazRvari arc ise mkafioa, `manZili~ ki um-
Tavresad imazea damokidebuli, ramdenad gansxvave-
bul konteqstSi viyenebT Cvens codnasa Tu unarebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom integrirebul swavlebas
didi istoria aqvs, man dRes, globalizaciis epo-
qaSi, kidev ufro meti aqtualoba SeiZina. swored
amitom maswavleblis profesiuli standartis axali
versiis erT-erTi moTxovnaa, rom maswavlebeli ga-
kveTilis dagegmvisas iTvaliswinebdes Sida da sa-
ganTSoris kavSirebs. standartis swored am moTx-
ovnam ganapiroba samodelo gakveTilis erT-erT
tipad integrirebuli gakveTilis Semotana. integ-
rirebuli gakveTilis idea unda SeirCes Sesaswavli
Temidan gamomdinare, unda ikveTebodes misi mWidro
kavSiri sxva disciplinebTan, romlebTanac maswav-
lebeli Sesaswavli Temis dakavSirebas gadawyvets.
cxadia, integrirebuli gakveTilebi yoveldRiurad
ver Catardeba, radgan maT zedmiwevniT dagegmvis
garda, sxva sirTuleebic axlavs. magaliTad, imis-
aTvis, rom integrirebuli gakveTili srulfasovani
gamovides, xSirad erTi gakveTili sakmarisi ar aris
da Sewyvilebuli gakveTilis Casatareblad saWiroa

61
cxrilSi cvlilebebis Setana.
swored amitom maswavleblis profesiuli stan-
dartis axali versiis erT-erTi moTxovnaa is, rom
maswavlebeli gakveTilis dagegmvisas iTvaliswineb-
des Sida da saganTSoris kavSirebs. standartis
swored am moTxovnam ganapiroba samodelo gakveTi-
lis erT-erT tipad integrirebuli gakveTilis Se-
motana.
integrirebuli gakveTilis ZiriTadi maxasi-
aTebeli aris is, rom igi uzrunvelyofdes integ-
rirebuli sagnebis Sesabamisi saswavlo Sedegebis
miRwevas. integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmvisa da
Catarebis etapebi SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT:

integrirebuli gakveTilis Temis SerCeva: inte-
grirebuli gakveTilis efeqtianad Casatareb-
lad aucilebelia gansaxilveli da Sesaswavli
obieqtis sworad gansazRvra da gakveTilis Si-
naarsis guldasmiT SerCeva. rodesac integri-
rebaze vfiqrobT, xSirad Cveni ideebi ar scde-
ba momijnave da Tematurad erTmaneTTan axlos
mdgom sagnebs, Tumca bevrad ufro Tamami nabi-
jebis gadadgmac SeiZleba, esaa erTi SexedviT
erTmaneTTan Sors mdgomi sagnebis dakavSire-
ba. mTavaria, integrirebuli gakveTilisTvis
sworad SeirCes sagakveTilo Tema, rac imas niS-
navs, rom arCeul Temas hqondes yvela integri-
rebul saganTan Sexebis wertili, integrireba
iyos logikuri da bunebrivi. gakveTilis ideis
Camoyalibebis Semdeg maswavlebeli Seiswavlis
Sesabamisi sagnebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi asaxul
masalas, moiZiebs damatebiT informacias da re-

62
 sursebs. gakveTilis mosamzadeblad resursebis
moZieba da momzadeba sakmaod Sromatevadia da
dros saWiroebs, radgan, bunebrivia, rom mas-
wavleblebs meti informacia aqvT sakuTar sa-
ganSi arsebul da xelmisawvdom resursebze,
vidre sxva sagnebSi. garda amisa, moZiebuli ma-
sala xSirad saWiroebs qarTul enaze Targmnasa
da adaptacias. maswavlebelma wlis dasawyisSive
unda gansazRvros integrirebuli gakveTilebis
Tematika da gaakeTos gakveTilis gegmis monax-
azi. gakveTilis gegmis daxvewis mizniT, maswav-
lebelma mWidrod unda iTanamSromlos im sa-
gnebis maswavleblebTan, romelTa integrirebac
aqvs ganzraxuli, gaacnos maT gakveTilis gegmis
monaxazi da moisminos maTi rekomendaciebi.

integrirebuli gakveTilis miznis Camoyalibeba:
integrirebul gakveTilze moswavleebi saswav-
lo procesis aqtiuri monawileebi arian, cdi-
loben, Tavad gaaanalizon informacia gakveTi-
lis momzadebisa da Catarebis dros, gamoyofen
problemas, SeimuSaveben dasaxuli amocanebis
gadawyvetis SesaZlo gzebs. moswavlis damou-
kideblad muSaobis rolis amaRleba integrire-
buli gakveTilis mimarT erT-erTi aucilebeli
da ZiriTadi moTxovnaa, iqidan gamomdinare, rom
integracia afarToebs Sesaswavli masalis Tem-
atikas, iwvevs movlenebis ufro Rrma analizisa
da ganzogadebis aucileblobas.
wlis dasawyisSi, rodesac maswavlebeli adgens
Tavisi saqmianobis Tematur gegmas, sasurvelia man
gaiazros savaraudo Temebi, romelTa dakavSirebac
63
5. r. f i f i a
SesaZlebelia sxva saswavlo sagnebTan. amis Semdeg
igi unda gaecnos erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabam-
isi sagnis/sagnebis programas/programebs. Tuki am
sagnis saswavlo gegmac moicavs msgavs Temebs da Tan
qronologiurad SesaZlebelia maTi erTmaneTTan
dakavSireba, maSin Tamamad SeiZleba integrirebuli
gakveTilis dagegmva.
 kolegebTan erTad an damoukideblad gakveTi-
lis dagegmva: yvela maswavlebels moeTxoveba,
gakveTilebis warmatebiT dagegmvisTvis gansaz-
Rvruli unar-Cvevebi ganiviTaros. maTgan upir-
velesia yoveli gakveTilis dagegmvis Cveva. mx-
olod maRali donis profesionals Tu SeuZlia,
gakveTili eqspromtad Caataros da es umal ga-
monaklisia, vidre tipuri SemTxveva. dagegmvis
fazis gamotoveba umetesad gakveTilis Cavard-
nis tolfasia da aseTi gakveTilebi, rogorc
wesi, dakarguli droa da meti araferi. meore
ZiriTadi unar-Cveva is aris, Tqvens yoveldRi-
ur ganrigSi gamoyoT dro gakveTilebis dage-
gmvisTvis. pedagogiuri karieris sawyis etapze
dagegmvis fazas sakmaod bevri dro miaqvs, magram
warmatebuli refleqsiuri praqtikisa da gamoc-
dilebisa Tu resursebis dagrovebis kvaldak-
val maswavlebeli eCveva minimalur droSi saga-
kveTilo ideebis generirebasac, maT CaniSvnasac
saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebis saxiT da ama Tu
im CarCo-sqemisTvis morgebasac. Tu pedagogi-
uri karieris dasawyisSi Zalisxmeva umTavresad
yuradRebis koncentraciasa da SemoqmedebiTo-
baze ixarjeba, gamocdili maswavleblebi ukve

64
fokusirebas axdenen improvizaciaze sagakve-
Tilo pirobebis Secvlisas. Sesabamisad, mes-
ame ZiriTadi unar-Cvevaa, detalurad CainiS-
noT gakveTilis komponentebi da ar ecadoT
maT damaxsovrebas. meoTxe ZiriTadi unar-Cve-
va ukavSirdeba problemas, romelsac gamocdi-
li maswavleblebic ki ejaxebian – sagakveTilo
drois menejments. yvelas uWirs imis winas-
warmetyveleba, ramden dros moiTxovs esa Tu
is aqtivoba, radgan es uamrav faqtorzea damok-
idebuli, romelTa nawils maswavlebeli verc ki
akontrolebs. jgufuri muSaobis dominirebis
SemTxvevaSi (rasac Tavidan ver avicilebT dif-
erencirebuli an Tundac aradiferencirebuli,
magram TanamSromlobiTi swavlebisas) droiTi
danaxarjis prognozireba kidev ufro rTulia.
amitom mizanSewonilia gauTvaliswinebel SemTx-
vevebze gaTvlili sagakveTilo gegmebis momza-
deba, mere ki im aqtivobaTa SerCeva, romlebic
SeiZleba umtkivneulod amoagdoT gegmidan an
piriqiT, CaamatoT, Tu isini Seefereba gakveTi-
lis mizans da ar azaralebs mas. gamocdilebis
dagrovebis kvaldakval imatebs droiTi danax-
arjis Sefasebis sizustec, Tumca yvelaze didi
gansxvaveba veteran da axalbeda maswavleblebs
Soris isaa, rom veteranma icis: rogorc ar unda
dagegmos da warmarTos gakveTili, rame gauT-
valiswinebeli mainc moxdeba, amitom misi mxriv
gonivruli iqneba, mzad iyos winaswar SerCeuli
aqtivobebis saSualebiT gegmaSi cvlilebebis
Sesatanad.

65
 
gakveTilis Casatareblad saWiro resursebis
mobilizeba da klasis momzadeba: gakveTili
ise unda daigegmos, rom moswavleebma axali
informacia Tavadve aRmoaCinon. maswavlebe-
li moswavles exmareba informaciis organize-
baSi da zogjer Sesasrulebeli moqmedebebis
Tanmimdevrobas ugegmavs. jgufebSi an indi-
vidualurad muSaobis dros moswavleebi Sede-
gebs aRweven. maswavlebeli moqmedebs rogorc
koordinatori.

gakveTilis Catareba: integrirebul gakveTilze
moswavleebi saswavlo procesis aqtiuri monaw-
ileebi arian, cdiloben, Tavad gaaanalizon in-
formacia gakveTilis momzadebisa da Catarebis
dros, gamoyofen problemas, SeimuSaveben dasax-
uli amocanebis gadawyvetis SesaZlo gzebs. mos-
wavlis damoukideblad muSaobis rolis amaRle-
ba integrirebuli gakveTilis mimarT erT-erTi
aucilebeli da ZiriTadi moTxovnaa, iqidan ga-
momdinare, rom integracia afarToebs Sesaswav-
li masalis Tematikas, iwvevs movlenebis ufro
Rrma analizisa da ganzogadebis aucileblobas.

Catarebuli gakveTilis Sedegebis analizi: ga-
kveTilis analizis mizania, `analizis unarebis
mqone praqtikosad~ Camoyalibeba – anu iseTad,
vinc mudmivad mimoixilavs sakuTar samuSaos
misi srulyofis mizniT. es procesi pedagogis
mTeli karieris manZilze grZeldeba. gakveTi-
lis Catarebis Semdeg saWiroa Tavad integrire-
buli gakveTilis Sefaseba Semdegi kriteriume-
bis mixedviT: 1. gaecnen moswavleebi gakveTilis

66
 saswavlo mizans? 2. Canda gakveTilis mizanSi
saganTaSorisi integracia? 3. iyo Tu ara aq-
tivobebi miznis Sesabamisi? 4. miecaT Tu ara
moswavleebs saSualeba, erTi da igive sakiTxi
sxvadasxva kuTxiT SeeswavlaT da ise moexdinaT
codnis sinTezi? 5. miecaT Tu ara moswavleebs
saSualeba, sakiTxebis Sejamebisas winare codna
gamoeyenebinaT?
werilobiT Sefasebaze advilia integrirebu-
li gakveTilis Sefasebis sqemis gamoyeneba, sadac
aRwerilia Sefasebis/TviTSefasebis sqema skolis,
klasis, sagnebis, pedagogebisa da Sefasebis krite-
riumebis CamonaTvaliT.
integrirebuli gakveTilis Catareba didi pa-
suxismgeblis winaSe ayenebs maswavlebels, magram Tu
is orive sagnis wamyvanis mier kargad iqneba organi-
zebuli, aucileblad Seuqmnis motivacias moswav-
leebs da gakveTils gaxdis saxalisosa da mraval-
ferovans.

67
 literatura:

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. sagnobrivi programa

qarTul enasa da literaturaSi. Tb., 2018-2024.
www.mes.gov.ge
2. inasariZe da sxv., 2016: m. inasariZe, s. lobJaniZe,
m. ratiani, i. samsonia, maswavleblis saqmianobis
dawyebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieru-
li winsvlis gzamkvlevi, nawili II, Tb., 2016.
3. CubiniZe, 2016: m. CubiniZe, qarTuli enis swavlebis
Taviseburebani, http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=12185
4. boWoriSvili 2014: m. boWoriSvili, praqtiku-
li pedagogika. saswavlo miznebisa da Sefasebis
kriteriumebis Camoyalibeba integrirebuli ga-
kveTilisTvis http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=1846
5. doliZe, 2016: T. doliZe, integrirebuli ga-
kveTilis upiratesobani, http://mas-tsavle-beli.
ge/?p=8165

68
 3.2 problemaze orientirebuli gakveTilis
Catarebis meTodika

Tanamedrove meTodologiebis damkvidrebam

moiTxova yuradRebis gamaxvileba iseT mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebze, rogoricaa moswavleTa individualuri
Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba, maTi cxovrebiseuli ga-
mocdilebis swavlebaSi gamoyeneba. moswavle xdeba
saswavlo procesis aqtiuri monawile, is ukve aRar
iqneba pasiuri msmeneli, gamoTqvams azrs, aRmoa-
Cens, xvdeba, adarebs.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi mizania,
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba, sxvadasxva sa-
gniT miRebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis integrire-
biT. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba saukeTeso
saSualebaa, moswavles vaswavloT azrovneba az-
rovnebis Sesaxeb (metakognicia), romelic moicavs:
problemis arsebobis aRiarebas, gacnobierebas,
strategiis arCevas, gonebrivi resursebis ganawile-
bas, problemis gadawyvetis msvlelobis kontrolsa
da efeqtianobis Sefasebas. rodesac metakognicia
exeba sakuTari swavlis procesebis gacnobierebas,
xdeba swavleba – moswavlis mier sakuTari swavlis
marTva, romelic moicavs swavlis dagegmvas, Se-
fasebasa da mudmiv monitorings.
saswavlo meTodikaSi mniSvnelovani adgili
uWiravs problemaze dafuZnebul swavlebas, rom-
lis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleebSi saazrov-
no unarebis ganviTarebas, `aiZulebs~ ifiqron da
moiZion problemis gadaWris swori gza. problemaze
dafuZnebuli swavlebis mniSvnelovani elementebia:

69
 
problemuri situaciis Seqmna SemecnebiTi in-
teresis gasaRviveblad.

moswavleebSi damoukidebeli azrovnebis ganvi-
Tarebis xelSewyoba da axali codnis aTviseba,
romelic daexmareba problemis gadaWraSi.

praqtikul-SemecnebiTi savarjiSoebis sa-
SualebiT axali codnis miReba, gafarToeba,
gaRrmaveba.
SemecnebiT saqmianobaSi problemebis warmoqmna
aris ara marto azrovnebis gaRrmavebis saSualeba,
aramed xSirad is emsaxureba adamianis niWisa da Ses-
aZleblobebis (midrekilebebis) ganviTarebas. prob-
lemur situacias ver qmnis yvela kiTxva, amocana an
mosazreba. Tu moswavles aqvs mza pasuxi Cven mier
SeTavazebul yvela kiTxvaze, es xels ver Seuwyobs
axali codnis miRebas – es iqneba gaxseneba da arse-
buli codnis kvlavwarmoeba.
SemecnebiTi problema xasiaTdeba imiT, rom
moswavle gahyavs arsebuli codnis farglebidan,
romelSic aris raRac Seucnobeli, romelic mis-
gan moiTxovs azrovnebis gaaqtiurebas. am amoca-
nis gadasaWrelad pedagogma SeiZleba gamoiyenos
aqtiuri problemur-situaciuri analizis meTodi,
romlis safuZvelia – swavleba konkretuli amo-
canebis, situaciebis gadaWris gziT. swavlebis es
meTodi dafuZnebulia konkretuli praqtikuli
magaliTebis ganxilvaze. meTodi warmoadgens erT-
gvar instruments, romelic moswavles saSualebas
aZlevs miRebuli codna gamoiyenos praqtikuli amo-
canebis gadasawyvetad, Teoriisa da praqtikis Sex-
amebiT. meTodi efeqtianad aviTarebs dasabuTebuli

70
gadawyvetilebebis SezRudul droSi miRebis unars.
moswavleebs uviTardebaT analitikuri azrovneba,
gunduri muSaobis, alternatiuli azris mosmenisa
da gagebis, alternativebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganzo-
gadoebuli gadawyvetilebebis gamomuSavebis, moq-
medebebis dagegmvisa da maTi Sedegebis prognozire-
bis unari.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba aris moswav-
leze orientebuli swavlebis strategia. aseTi tipis
swavlebis dros moswavleebi realuri cxovrebiseu-
li problemebis kvlevis gziT iZenen mniSvnelovan
gamocdilebas, romelic maT mTeli cxovrebis man-
Zilze gamoadgebaT warmatebebis miRwevaSi.
problemaze orientebuli swavlebis mizania,
pedagogma moswavleebs daanaxos sakiTxi, problema,
romelic mravalgvari midgomiTa da gziT SeiZle-
ba gadaiWras, romelzec ar arsebobs erTi swori an
araswori pasuxi, saWiroebs Ziebas, alternativebis
daSvebas da ideebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebas. mos-
wavleebma unda gamoiyenon naswavli masala, maT mier
damoukideblad moZiebuli informacia da problemis
gadaWris maTeuli xedva unda miusadagon realuri
cxovrebis miznebsa da moTxovnebs. problemis gad-
aWra moiTxovs azrovnebis iseT kompleqsur un-
arebs, rogoricaa analitikuri, SemoqmedebiTi da
kritikuli azrovneba. pirvelad unda ganisazRvros
da gaanalizdes problema; Semdeg unda Camovayal-
iboT problemis gadawyvetis SesaZlo variantebi;
bolos unda amovarCioT da ganvaxorcieloT prob-
lemis gadaWris saukeTeso gza da SevafasoT misi
efeqturoba. maSasadame, problemaze orientebuli

71
swavleba ramdenime safexurs moicavs:
1. problemis gamokveTa da gansazRvra;
2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena;
3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resurese-
bis organizeba da codnis mobilizeba;
4. SesaZlo alternativebis an gadaWris gzebis
moZieba;
5. problemis gadaWris strategiebis SerCeva;
6. SerCeuli strategiis ganxorcieleba da pro-
gresze dakvirveba;
7. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba.
problemuri tipis amocanebi SesaZloa exebodes
situaciebs, sadac saWiroa:
1. arCevanis gakeTeba;
2. gadawyvetilebis miReba;
3. Sedareba-Sepirispireba;
4. dakavSireba-kanonzomierebis aRmoCena;
5. SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra;
6. obieqtebze Sexedulebis Secvla;
7. eqperimentis, cdis Catareba;
8. kvleva-Zieba;
9. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba/gadawyve-
tis originaluri gzis Zieba.
ra konkretuli strategiebi SeiZleba gamoi-
yenos maswavlebelma problemaze orientirebuli
swavlebisas?
 moswavleebisTvis SekiTxvebis dasma, romlebic
maTgan moiTxovs informaciis warmodgenis al-
ternatiuli gzebis moZebnas, romlebic gansx-
vavebulia teqstSi moyvanili Tu maswavleblis
mier dasaxulisgan.

72
  erTi da imave movlenis, ideis da fenomenis sx-
vadasxva konteqstSi ganxilva da Sedareba;
 alternatiuli da gansxvavebuli dasasrulis
Zieba;
 rolebis gadaTamaSeba da xelmeored gadaxedva
imisaTvis, rom kidev erTxel gadamowmdes, xom
ar gamorCa raime an raime Secdoma xom ar dauS-
va;
 iseTi ideis CarTva, romelic, erTi SexedviT,
ucxoa teqstisTvis;
 informaciis ganzrax waSla an gamotoveba;
 gaTamaSeba imisa, `Tu ra iqneboda im SemTxveva-
Si, Tu. . .~;
 mocemuli gancxadebis, winadadebis an situaci-
is socialuri konteqstis ganxilva, gamorkveva;
 sxvadasxva tipis winaswari mosazrebis ganxilva.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis dros moswav-
le aris problemis gadamWreli, romelic cdilobs
problemis gagebas, eZebs gamosavals da am problemis
mogvarebis saukeTeso gzas. problemaze dafuZnebu-
li swavla mimdinareobs Ria da mxardamWer garemo-
Si, sadac moswavle aris aqtiuri da sakuTar Tavze
orientirebuli, xolo maswavlebeli – TanamSrome-
li, romelic moswavles aCvenebs swavlis mimarT
enTuziazmisa da interesis magaliTs. aSkaraa, rom
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis dros maswavle-
beli-moswavlis tradiciuli rolebi icvleba.
moswavleebis pasuxismgebloba TandaTanobiT
izrdeba, maT uviTardebaT swavlisadmi maRali mo-
tivacia da swavlis kargi unar-Cvevebi. maswavlebeli
ki xdeba mrCeveli, informaciis mimwodebeli da Sem-

73
fasebeli. igi xelmZRvanelobs moswavles problemis
gadaWris mcdelobebisas. amrigad, problemaze da-
fuZnebuli swavla gansakuTrebiT zrdis moswavlis
motivacias. moswavle CarTulia aqtiur swavlaSi,
muSaobs realuri problemebis gadaWraze, ris Sede-
gadac swavla misTvis ufro saintereso da saxali-
so xdeba.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis procesSi mos-
wavle imuSavebs kognitur strategiebs, romlebic
mas exmareba uCveulo, moulodneli da ararutinu-
li situaciis analizSi. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, problemis gadaWra
efuZnebodes araspecifikur, naklebadstruqturi-
rebul situacias da mxolod erTi swori pasuxiT ar
Semoifarglebodes.
amgvari problemis mogvareba ufro daexmare-
ba moswavles realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis
mogvarebaSi – cxovrebiseuli problemebi xom ufro
kompleqsuria, ar arsebobs mxolod erTi swori gza.
swored amgvari unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaa prob-
lemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis ZiriTadi mizani.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi mizani ki prob-
lemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba, sxvadasxva discipli-
naSi miRebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis integrire-
baa.
metakognicia niSnavs sakuTari SemecnebiTi
procesebis – azrebis, fiqrebis – gacnobierebas
da marTvas, anu metakognicia aris azrovneba az-
rovnebis Sesaxeb, codna sakuTari kognituri siste-
misa da misi funqcionirebis Sesaxeb da misi kontro-
lis unari. metakogniciis dros xdeba imis Semecneba,

74
Tu ra viciT (metakognituri codna), imis gacnobi-
ereba, Tu ras vakeTebT, rogor viqceviT (metakogni-
turi unari), an rogoria Cveni mimdinare kognituri
da emociuri mdgomareoba (metakognituri SegrZne-
ba). faqtia, problemaze dafuZnebul swavlasa da me-
takognicias Soris pirdapiri korelacia arsebobs,
amitom problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba saukeTe-
so saSualebaa, moswavles vaswavloT azrovneba az-
rovnebis Sesaxeb.
cnobilia, rom metakognicia moicavs metakompo-
nentebs: problemis arsebobis aRiarebas, problemis
gacnobierebas da im procesebis amorCevas, romlebic
gamodgeba problemis gadasaWrelad; strategiis
arCevas, mentaluri reprezentaciis SerCevas, gone-
brivi resursebis ganawilebas, problemis gadawyve-
tis msvlelobaze kontrols, problemis gadawyvetis
efeqtianobis Sefasebas. rodesac metakognicia exeba
sakuTari swavlis procesebis gacnobierebas, maSin
xdeba swavlis swavla – moswavlis mier sakuTari
swavlis marTva, romelic moicavs swavlis dagegm-
vas, Sefasebas da mudmiv monitorings.
problemaze orientirebuli gakveTili, efuZne-
ba jon diuis princips – `swavla keTebiT da gamoc-
dilebis miRebiT~. ganaTlebis sistemis mTavari saz-
runavia, rom moswavleebma SeZlon skolaSi SeZenili
codnisa da unar-Cvevebis cxovrebiseuli proble-
mebis gadasaWrelad gamoyeneba. swored amitomaa me-
tad mniSvnelovani, rom skolam sagnobriv codnasTan
da unar-CvevebTan erTad moswavleebs ganuviTaros
problemebis gadaWris unari. igi moswavleebs ara
mxolod yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis

75
mogvarebaSi gamoadgebaT, aramed formalur sagan-
manaTleblo garemoSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad da
profesiul karieraSi warmatebis misaRwevad.
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebis idea is-
eve, rogorc yvela sxva danarCeni tipis gakveTil-
isa, unda momdinareobdes erovnuli saswavlo geg-
mis sagnobrivi standartidan, xels unda uwyobdes
masSi dasaxuli Sedegebis miRwevas. problemaze
orientirebuli swavlebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia
rogorc maRal, ise dawyebiT klasebSic, Tumca am
ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia adekvaturi
modelis SerCeva dasmuli problemis ukeT warmosa-
Cenad. dawyebiT safexurze modelireba, mosalod-
neli scenaris SemuSaveba Tu msgavsi abstraqtuli
davalebebi ver iqneba mizanSewonili [sqemis gzamkv-
levi, 2016: gv.20], Tumca dawyebiTi safexuris meore
etapze (V-VI klasebi) sagangebo situaciaSi gamosav-
lis povna (problemis gadaWra) da diskusiis (arao-
ficialuri debatis) mowyobis aqtivobebi, sworad
SerCevis SemTxvevaSi, aaqtiurebs moswavleTa kriti-
kuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas.
ganaTlebis specialistebis mTavari sazrunavia,
rom moswavleebma SeZlon skolaSi SeZenili cod-
nisa da unar-Cvevebis cxovrebiseuli problemebis
gadasaWrelad gamoyeneba. swored amitomaa metad
mniSvnelovani, rom skolam, sagnobriv codnasTan
da unar-CvevebTan erTad, moswavleebs ganuviTaros
problemebis gadaWris unari. igi moswavleebs ara
mxolod yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis
mogvarebaSi (mag.: pirovnuli, socialuri da sazo-
gadoebrivi gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad) gamoadge-

76
baT, aramed formalur saganmanaTleblo garemoSi
swavlis gasagrZeleblad da momaval profesiul
karieraSi warmatebis misaRwevadac. problemaze da-
fuZnebuli swavla aris moswavleze orientirebuli
swavlebis strategia. aseTi tipis swavlebis dros
moswavleebi realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis
kvlevis gziT iZenen mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas,
romelic maT mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gamoadge-
baT warmatebebis miRwevaSi.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis procesi mos-
wavles ayenebs aqtiuri Semmecneblis rolSi, ro-
melsac uxdeba wamoWril problemebTan gamklave-
ba. kerZod, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebisas
moswavle awydeba problemas, romlis gadaWrac mas
uWirs mxolod im codniT, romelic aqvs. am mizniT
igi arkvevs, Tu ra unda icodes dasmuli problemis
ukeT gasagebad. am procesSi moswavle aqtiuria,
mimarTavs TviTganaTlebas, eZebs saWiro informa-
cias (wignebs, gamokvlevebs, angariSebs, eleqtro-
nul informacias) da a.S. amis Semdeg moswavle, aR-
Wurvili axali codniT, kvlav ubrundeba problemas
da axerexebs mis gadaWras. bolos, moswavle afasebs
sakuTar Tavs – TviTSefaseba aris moswavlis arse-
biTi unar-Cveva, rac mas exmareba efeqtian, damou-
kidebel swavlaSi [problemaze dafuZnebuli swavle-
ba, 2008: gv.7-8].
moswavleebis swavlisadmi pasuxismgebloba Tan-
daTanobiT izrdeba, maT uviTardebaT swavlisadmi
maRali motivacia da swavlis kargi unar-Cvevebi. mas-
wavlebeli ki xdeba mrCeveli, informaciis mimwode-
beli da Semfasebeli. igi xelmZRvanelobs moswavles

77
problemis gadaWris mcdelobebisas. amrigad, prob-
lemaze dafuZnebuli swavla gansakuTrebiT zrdis
moswavlis motivacias. moswavle aris CarTuli aq-
tiur swavlaSi, muSaobs realuri problemebis gad-
aWraze, ris Sedegadac swavla misTvis xdeba ufro
saintereso da saxaliso. problemaze dafuZnebu-
li swavlis procesSi moswavle imuSavebs kogni-
tur startegiebs, romlebic mas exmareba uCveulo,
moulodneli da ararutinuli situaciis analizSi.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelo-
vania problemis gadaWra efuZnebodes araspecifi-
kur, naklebad struqturirebul situacias, romel-
ic mxolod erTi swori pasuxiT ar Semoifargleba.
amgvari problemis mogvareba ufro daexmareba mos-
wavles realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis mogva-
rebaSi, radganac cxovrebiseuli problemebi ufro
kompleqsuria, sadac ar arsebobs mxolod erTi
swori gza. swored amgvari unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba
aris problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis ZiriTadi
mizani. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi mizania
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba, sxvadasxva sa-
gniT/discipliniT miRebuli codnisa da unar-Cveve-
bis integrireba.
kritikuli azrovnebisa da problemis gadaW-
risaTvis moswavleebma unda SeZlon sworad Sefase-
ba da gadawyvetilebebis miReba, efeqturad unda
gaanalizon da Seafason argumentebi, mtkicebe-
bi da warmodgenebi, alternatiuli TvalTaxedve-
bi, moaxdinon informaciisa da argumentebis dakav-
Sireba da sinTezireba, sxvadasxva tipis problemis
gadaWra rogorc aRiarebuli, aseve inovaciuri

78
meTodebiT, unda gamokveTon mniSvnelovani SekiTx-
vebi, romlebic cxadyofen argumentebs da xels
uwyoben problemis gadawyvetas.
efeqturi gunduri muSaobis, problemis gadaW-
risa da kolaboraciuli swavlebis ganviTareba da
marTva, maRali xarisxis emociur inteleqts moiTx-
ovs, romlis 5 ZiriTadi kompetenciaa:
 icode da SegeZlos sakuTari emociebis gamox-
atva;
 sxvisi emociebis mimarT TanagrZnobis gamoCena;
 emociebis gakontroleba da regulireba;
 sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis motivirebis unari;
 socialuri unar-Cvevebis floba, romelTa meS-
veobiTac pirveli oTxi kompetenciis qmedebaSi
moyvana SeiZleba.
maswavleblis profesiuli standarti gvaval-
debulebs, rom maswavleblma icodes, rogor daex-
maros moswavleebs damoukideblad swavlisa da
damoukideblad azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTare-
baSi. Sesabamisi saswavlo garemos SeqmniT, maswavle-
beli unda cdilobdes moswavleebSi kritikuli az-
rovnebisadmi interesisa da motivaciis gaRvivebas
[efeqtiani swavleba, 2010: gv. 195].
Tuki integrirebuli gakveTilebi uwinare-
sad xels uwyobs naswavlis dakavSirebas sxva dis-
ciplinebTan, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba
moswavles aswavlis problemis identificirebas,
codnis sistematizaciis safuZvelze misi gadaWris
gzebis Ziebas da miRebuli gamocdilebis realur
cxovrebaSi gamoyenebas. am tipis gakveTilze mos-
wavleebi maswavleblis daxmarebiT jer gamoavlenen

6. r. f i f i a 79
problemas, Semdeg gaiazreben mas, ris Semdegac moi-
Zieben, axarisxeben da aanalizeben saWiro informa-
cias. moswavleebi kvlav ubrundebian gadasaWrel
problemas da ukve damuSavebul informaciaze
dayrdnobiT axerxeben mis gadaWras.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebisTvis damax-
asiaTebelia Semdegi: swavleba eyrdnoba Riad das-
mul problemur SekiTxvebs; moswavleebi muSaoben
mcire jgufebSi, radgan problemis gadaWris gze-
bis Ziebisas mniSvnelovania ideaTa mravalferovneba
da urTierTgaziareba; maswavlebeli aris mxolod
gezis mimcemi, ris Sedegadac moswavle iRebs met
pirovnul pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar qmedebaze da
xdeba aqtiuri Semmecnebeli. es ki TavisTavad mis
damoukidebel Semswavlelad Camoyalibebas uwyobs
xels.
mxolod Riad dasmuli situaciuri SekiTxva
(rogor aris SesaZlebeli? SeiZleba Tu ara? da sxva)
araa sakmarisi, rom situacia problemurad CaiT-
valos. amasTan erTad saWiroa: problemuri amocana
iyos erTgvari gamowveva moswavlisaTvis. maswav-
lebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ramdenad Sees-
abameba problemuri amocana moswavlis asakobriv
ganviTarebasa da unar-Cvevebs. maswavleblis mier
SerCeuli problemuri amocana mamotivirebeli, in-
teresis gamomwvevi unda iyos moswavleebisTvis.
problemis gadasaWrelad maswavlebelma iseTi amo-
cana unda dasvas, rom moswavles dasWirdes axali
gzis mofiqreba. Tuki mas amisTvis mza strategias
SesTavazeben, es mxolod rigiT savarjiSod CaiTv-
leba [sqemis gzamkvlevi, 2016: gv. 22-23].

80
 problemuri situacia SeiZleba iyos sami ti-
pis: 1) amocanebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia gad-
awyvetilebis miRebasTan; 2) amocanebi, romlebic
moiTxovs sistemis analizsa da modelirebas; 3) amo-
canebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba rTuli viTarebidan
gamosavlis Ziebas. problemis gadaWris mTliani
cikli Semdegnairad SegviZlia warmovidginoT:
problemis gadaWra iwyeba problemis moZiebiTa da
CamoyalibebiT (maswavleblis CarTulobis xarisxs
problemis moZiebisa da identificirebis procesSi
gansazRvravs klasis mzaoba da SesaZleblobebi). amis
Semdeg moswavleebi problemas gaiazreben, daanawev-
reben da gamoyofen prioritetebs, moaxdenen idee-
bis generirebas, moiZieben da SearCeven informacias,
problemis gadaWris strategias, gaaanalizeben
problemas, moiZieben gadaWris alternatiul gzebs,
miiReben gadawyvetilebas da gauziareben informa-
cias erTmaneTs. Semdeg gadaamowmeben Sedegebis sis-
wores da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daubrundebian Se-
sabamis etaps da iqidan xelaxla iwyeben problemis
gadaWris ciklis gavlas.
rogor unda daigegmos problemaze orientire-
buli gakveTili? maswavleblis saqmianobis dawyebis,
profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli winsvlis
sqemis gzamkvlevis meTodistebi gvTavazoben re-
komendaciebs, romlebic daexmareba maswavleblebs
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis sworad dagegm-
vasa da warmarTvaSi: swavlis procesi unda daiwyos
problemis ganxilviT. problema unda iyos moswavlee-
bisTvis aqtualuri; problemuri amocanis Sinaarsi
moswavleebSi unda aRZravdes interess; problemu-

81
ri situacia ar unda iyos imdenad rTuli, rom mos-
wavleebs ukargavdes misi gadaWris survils da arc
zedmetad martivi; problemebi unda Seesabamebodes
realobas da iZleodes codnisa da gamocdilebis
integrirebis SesaZleblobas; problema fokusire-
buli unda iyos erT sakiTxze (gansakuTrebiT, pir-
vel etapze), raTa Tavidan aviciloT qaoturoba;
problema unda exmarebodes moswavleebs Tavisu-
flad gamoxaton sakuTari azri; moswavleebs unda
mieceT sakmarisi dro imisaTvis, rom SeZlon prob-
lemis gadaWrisTvis saWiro informaciis Segroveba
da Sesabamisi strategiebis SerCeva; unda waxalisdes
moswavleebis SemoqmedebiTi midgoma; unda Seiqmnas
komfortuli, Tavisufali da usafrTxo garemo, sa-
dac moswavleebs ar eSiniaT Secdomis daSvebis; unda
daisvas iseTi SekiTxvebi, romlebic moswavlisagan
moiTxovs dasabuTebas da mtkicebulebebis moyvanas,
ubiZgebs kritikuli azrovnebisaken; unda waxalisdes
TanamSromlobiTi swavleba, romelic xels Seuwyobs
moswavleTa Soris azrTa urTierTgacvlas da sxvisi
mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebas. dabolos, Tuki mos-
wavleebi Seferxdebian: ideebis generirebis etapze
maswavlebelma maT unda SesTavazos gonebrivi ieri-
Sis meTodi, romelic moswavleebs ubiZgebs mravali
saintereso ideis Camoyalibebisaken; maswavlebelma
unda amoacnobinos problemaSi ukve nacnobi da maT
mier mogvarebuli situacia, analogiuri probleme-
bi, romlebic maT ukve SexvedriaT da gadauWriaT.
maswavlebelma problemaze orientirebuli ga-
kveTilis dagegmvisas SeiZleba aRmoaCinos, rom 45
wuTi ar aris sakmarisi miznis misaRwevad. amitom

82
SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes cxrilSi gakveTilebis gad-
anacvleba. Sewyvilebuli gakveTili saSualebas mis-
cems moswavleebs, ufro CauRrmavdnen problemas da
ifiqron misi gadaWris gzebze.
problemaze orientirebul gakveTilis dage-
gmvisas, imisaTvis, rom dayenebuli sakiTxi, situ-
acia problemurad CaiTvalos, maswavlebelma unda
gaiTvaliswinos, rom problemis gadasaWrelad mos-
wavles ar unda hqondes nacnobi strategia (is cod-
na da unar-Cvevebi), romelsac pirdapir gamoiyenebs.
Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom problemis Sinaarsi
ar unda iTvaliswinebdes moswavlis (skolaSi an re-
alur cxovrebaSi miRebul) gamocdilebas da asakiT
ganpirobebul kognitur SesaZleblobebs. amrigad,
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebis idea, iseve,
rogorc yvela sxva danarCeni tipis gakveTilisa,
unda gamomdinareobdes erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
sagnobrivi standartidan.
aseTi tipis gakveTilebis Catarebas didi mniS-
vneloba aqvs, radgan problemaze dafuZnebuli swav-
leba:

gansakuTrebiT zrdis moswavlis motivacias.
moswavle CarTulia aqtiur swavlaSi, muSaobs
realuri problemis gadaWraze, ris Sedegadac
swavla misTvis ufro saintereso da saxaliso
xdeba. zrdis mis pasuxismgeblobas swavlisadmi;

moswavleebSi aviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas.
problemis gadaWraze fiqrisas moswavle kriti-
kulad afasebs, ra icis, ra unar-Cvevebi aqvs da
ra sWirdeba problemis gadasaWrelad. amyarebs
mimarTebas ramdenime cnebas Soris da gamoaqvs

83
 daskvna da a.S.
 aviTarebs SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas. problemis
gadaWraze muSaobis dros moswavles SeiZleba
mouxdes problemis gadaWris ramdenime Sesa-
Zleblobis ganxilva, an problemis gadaWris
ramdenime pasuxis povna, an axali (originaluri)
gzis Zieba da a.S.
 aseTi swavleba orientirebulia moswavleebSi
pirobiseuli, anu funqciuri codnis SeZenaze.
Tanamedrove mozardebi sagrZnoblad cnobis-
moyvareebi arian, maT surT samyaros Secnoba, Seu-
ZliaT originaluri ideebis wamoyeneba da serio-
zuli SekiTxvebis dasma. maswavlebelma xeli unda
Seuwyos moswavleTa ganviTarebas da azrovnebis
stimulacias, risTvisac farTod unda gamoiyenos
Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo teqnologiebi da
swavla/swavlebis sxvadasxva strategiebi.
am mxriv erT-erT mniSvnelovan saganmanaT-
leblo teqnologias kritikuli azrovnebis ganvi-
Tarebis teqnologia warmoadgens. misi sistematu-
ri gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia moswavleTa gonebrivi
saqmianobis gaaqtiureba. igi orientirebulia in-
formaciis gaazrebasa da gadamuSavebaze. am dros
moswavleebi, amodian ra realuri da konkretuli
miznebidan, swavlis procesSi Tavad axdenen codnis
konstruirebas, gansazRvraven sakuTari ganviTare-
bis mimarTulebas da saboloo Sedegs. kritikuli
azrovnebis ganviTarebis teqnologiis gamoyenebiT
cocxldeba gakveTili, xolo swavla gadaiqceva sax-
aliso da sasiamovno emociebis procesad.
problemaze orientirebuli gakveTilis dage-

84
gmvisTvis mravali aqtivoba da meTodi gaamoiyene-
ba, maTgan sainteresoa sokrateseuli dialogi, ro-
melic aqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi meTodia. igi
gulisxmobs SekiTxvebiT, dialogiTa da maswavleb-
lis miniSnebebiT sakiTxis arsis garkvevas Tavad
moswavlis mier. maswavlebelma am procesis dros
mxolod damxmaris (fasilitatoris) roli unda
Seasrulos. sokrateseuli dialogi ZiriTadad ma-
Sin gamoiyeneba, roca moswavles sakiTxi jer nas-
wavli ara aqvs, magram saSinao davalebiT (an sxva
raime saxiT) nawilobriv Semzadebulia axali sakiTx-
is arsis gasarkvevad. oRond maswavlebels kargad
unda hqondes mofiqrebuli is SekiTxvebi da moswav-
leTa savaraudo pasuxebi, romlebic moswavleebs
nabij-nabij miaaxloebs axali sakiTxis arsTan da
gaarkvevinebs mas.
am meTodiT swavlebisas moswavleebi:
 eCvevian damoukidebel azrovnebas, msjelobas,
daskvnebis gamotanas;
 Rrmad gaiazreben sakiTxs, problemas;
 damoukideblad (maswavleblis mxolod mciredi
daxmarebiT) gaarkveven da Caswvdebian sakiTxis
arss.
muSaobis forma: mTeli klasi.
resursi: specialuri resursi ar aris saWiro.
msvleloba:
 maswavlebeli sagangebod SearCevs iseT sakiTxs
(problemas), romelic bolomde naTeli araa da
gaazreba sWirdeba;
 dialogs iwyebs SemzadebiT – iseTi sakiTxis
dasmiT, romelzec moswavleebi advilad upasux-

85
 eben da savaraudod, erT azrze arian. amiT mas-
wavlebeli monawileebs advilad aiyoliebs saW-
iro mimarTulebis mqone msjeloba-ganxilvaSi;

maswavlebeli msjelobisas svams iseT problemas
(SekiTxvis saxiT), romelic `CixSi moaqcevs” di-
alogis monawileebs an azrTa sxvadasxvaobas
gamoiwvevs. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli iwyebs
saswavlo `xaraCoebis agebas~, raTa sasurveli
(swori) mimarTulebiT warmarTos moswavleTa
azrovneba;

bolos maswavlebels SekiTxvebiTa da `xaraCoe-
biT~ moswavleebi sasurvel (marTebul) daskvnam-
de mihyavs. am daskvnas TviTon moswavleebi
ayalibeben (xSirad es daskvna sapirispiroa im
azrebisa, romlebsac moswavleebi aqtivobis da-
sawyisSi gamoTqvamdnen).
SeniSvna: sokrateseul dialogs zogjer disku-
siasTan aigiveben, magram maT Soris arsebiTi gansx-
vavebaa. diskusia ufro xSirad naswavli, wakiTxuli,
gagonili sakiTxis irgvliv imarTeba, misi mizania am
sakiTxis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Sexedulebis gamoTqma da
bolos erT garkveul saerTo azramde misvla. Tumca,
gamoricxuli araa, rom azrTa Sejereba ver moxdes
da monawileebi sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisze darCnen.
sokrateseuli dialogis mizani ki aris jer kidev
ucnobi sakiTxis arsis garkveva, problemis gadaWra.
am aqtivobis msvlelobac gansxvavebulia di-
skusiis msvlelobisgan. diskusiisas yvela monawile
rigrigobiT gamoTqvams Tavis azrs (reglamentis
dacviT), xolo sokrateseuli dialogis dros yove-
li monawilis (moswavlis) pasuxis Semdeg aqtiurad

86
erTveba maswavlebeli, romelsac momzadebuli aqvs
momdevno SekiTxvebi. am SekiTxvebze pasuxs ki mos-
wavleebi sabolood sakiTxis arsis garkvevamde mihy-
avs. arsebobs sokratuli SekiTxvebis eqvsi ZiriTadi
tipi, romlebic miznobrivad gamoiyeneba dialogis
dros:
 SekiTxvebi cnebebisa da ideebis dasazusteblad
(ras daamatebdiT? ufro dawvrilebiT xom ar
agvixsnidi? ram migiyvanaT am azramde? ratom
aris es Tema mniSvnelovani?);
 SekiTxvebi daSvebebisa da wanamZRvrebis Sesax-
eb (vinmes sxva azri xom ar aqvs? ra varaudi
gaqvT? anu Tqven fiqrobT, rom yovelTvis asea
Tu arsebobs gamonaklisebi?);
 SekiTxvebi argumentebisa da faqtebis Sesaxeb
(ra faqtebiT gaamyarebdiT Tqvens mosazrebas?
xom ar arsebobs sxva wyaroebi da informacia
am mosazrebis gasamyareblad? xom ar SegiZliaT
gansxvavebuli an sapirispiro faqtebis moyvana?
ra magaliTis moxmoba SegiZliaT?saidan iciT?
ratom fiqrobT, rom es marTlac asea?ram migi-
yvanaT amis dajerebamde? ra faqtebi Segicvli-
daT mosazrebas?);
 SekiTxvebi alternatiuli mosazrebebisa da
poziciebis Sesaxeb(sxva kuTxiT xom ar gicdiaT
amis danaxva? xom ar gaqvT gansxvavebuli mosaz-
reba? ra gansxvavebaa am or mosazrebas Soris?
rogor Sexedavda amas ---? ra iqneboda sapirisp-
iro mosazrebis Sesabamisi yvelaze Zlieri ar-
gumenti?);
 SekiTxvebi interpretaciisa da daskvnebis Ses-

87
axeb (ras gulisxmobT? ra moxdeboda Tuki...? ra Se-
degs moitanda es? es namdvilad moxdeboda Tu Sei-
Zleboda arcmomxdariyo?);
 SekiTxvebi SekiTxvebis Sesaxeb (rogor
fiqrobT, ratom davsvi es SekiTxva? SeiZleba am
SekiTxvis CaSla? ramdenad naTelia SekiTxva? rTu-
li SekiTxvaa Tu martivi? ra aris saWiro am SekiTx-
vaze pasuxis gasacemad? rogor moviZioT am SekiTx-
vaze pasuxi?).
SeniSvna: meore enis gakveTilebze am meTodis
gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iqneba mexuTe-meeqvse klase-
bidan. sasurvelia, maswavlebelma Tavdapirvelad
dasvas iseTi SekiTxvebi, romlebic ar moiTxovs
rTuli da abstraqtuli cnebebis Sesaxeb msjelobas,
azrebis ganvrcobilad gadmocemas, alternatiuli
poziciebis siRrmiseulad ganxilvas. aseve, sasur-
velia, meTodis mixedviT moswavleebi namuSevrebi
iyvnen mSobliuri enis gakveTilebzec.
problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli swavle-
ba moswavlisagan moiTxovs axali, arastandartuli
strategiebis Ziebas. problemis gadaWra efuZneba im
codnas, romelic moswavles ukve aqvs, magram amasTa-
nave aucilebelia sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da cnebis
erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, integrireba. am dros
SesaZlebelia Tvisebrivad axali codnis miReba.
problemaze orientirebuli swavleba umeteswilad
dakavSirebuli unda iyos realur an realurTan mi-
axloebul viTarebasTan, SeiZleba iyos interdisci-
plinuric, rodesac gadaWris gza ar Semoifargleba
erTi romelime saswavlo sagniT an mimarTulebiT.
swavla aRaraa standartuli, rutinuli procesi –

88
igi gardaiqmneba pirovnebis ganviTarebis xelSemwyob
saSualebad, ris Sedegadac moswavles uyalibdeba
codnis transferis, problemis gadaWris, kritiku-
li azrovnebisa da swavlis swavlis unar-Cvevebi. im
saklaso garemoSi, sadac gamoyenebulia problemis
gadaWraze orientirebuli swavleba, moswavleebi
TandaTan ufro met pasuxismgeblobas iReben saku-
Tar swavlaze da yalibdebian damoukidebel Semmec-
neblebad, anu iseT pirovnebebad, romelTac damou-
kideblad SeuZliaT mudmivad izrunon pirovnul da
profesiul ganviTarebaze. es ki Tanamedrove ganaT-
lebis upirvelesi amocanaa.

89
 literatura:

1. esg, 2018: erovnuli saswavlo gegma. sagnobrivi

programa qarTul enasa da literaturaSi. Tb.,
2018-2023. www.mes.gov.ge
2. inasariZe, lobJaniZe, ratiani, samsonia 2016: m.
inasariZe, s. lobJaniZe, m. ratiani, i. samsonia,
maswavleblis saqmianobis dawyebis, profesiuli
ganviTarebisa da karieruli winsvlis gzamkv-
levi, nawili II, Tb., 2016, gv. 20-26.
3. meliqiZe, bagrationi-gruzinski, lorTqi-
faniZe, 2018: m. meliqiZe, m. bagrationi-gruz-
inski, r. lorTqifaniZe, swavlebis meTodebi
inkluziur ganaTlebaSi, qarTuli ena da lit-
eratura, gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, Tb.,
2018, gv. 199-216; https://www.wvi. org/sites/default–/
files/Qartuli_Print_HQ_2mm_bleed.pdf
4. inasariZe, lobJaniZe, ratiani, samsonia, 2016:
maswavleblis saqmianobis dawyebis, profesiuli
ganviTarebisa da karieruli winsvlis sqemis
gzamkvlevi, nawili I., Tb., 2016.
5. gzamkvlevi 2011: gzamkvlevi maswavleblebi-
saTvis, qarTuli ena da literatura, 1-6 kla-
si, 2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT, Tb., 2011.
6. rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba,
2007: rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba,
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis cen-
tri, , Tb., 2007.
7. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla, 2008: prob-

90
 lemaze dafuZnebuli swavla, meTodologiuri
saxelmZRvanelo saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis
avtorebisaTvis, Tb., 2008.
8. efeqtiani swavleba, 2010: efeqtiani swavleba,
red. i. kutalaZe, gamocdebis erovnuli centri,
Tb., 2010.
9. boWoriSvili 2013, m. boWoriSvili, problemaze
dafuZnebuli swavla da metakognicia, http://
mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=2174 bolo naxva: 30. 06. 2018.
10. sexniaSvili, 2016: m.sexniaSvili, problemaze
orientirebuli samodelo gakveTilis dagegmva.
http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=9345 bolo naxva: 30. 06.
2018.
11. saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebis efeqtiani
strategiebi, sakiTxavi masala, maswavleblis
profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri
http://tpdc.gov.ge/

91
3.3 gamWol kompetenciebze orientirebuli ga-
kveTilis Catarebis meTodika

gamWoli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaze ori-

entirebuli gakveTili samodelo gakveTilebis
erT-erTi saxeobaa, is erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
ganuyofeli nawilia. prioritetuli gamWoli kom-
petenciebi moicavs im ZiriTad codnasa da gamoc-
dilebas, romelTa gamomuSavebasa da ganviTarebas
xels uwyobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvalis-
winebuli yvela sagnis swavleba specifikuri kompe-
tenciebis ganviTarebasTan erTad. prioritetuli
gamWoli kompetenciebis dasaufleblad aucile-
belia saswavlo procesSi saganTSorisi kavSirebis
damyareba, raSic maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos
moswavles, rom man erT romelime saganSi SeZenili
codna da gamocdileba sxvadasxva Sinaarsobriv kon-
teqstSi gadaitanos da gamoiyenos. am yvelafers
ki mxolod maSin mivaRwevT, Tuki sworad dainerge-
ba e.w. gamWoli kompetenciebis ganviTareba Cvens
skolebSi. maswavlebeli unda acnobierebdes, rom
gamWoli kompetenciebi aucileblad gansaxorciele-
beli amocanaa da is swavlis meTodebTan unda iyos
integrirebuli.
rogorc mkvlevrebi miuTiTeben, Cveni ganaT-
lebis sistema cdilobs, xeli Seuwyos pasuxismge-
bliani moqalaqis aRzrdas, romelic sxvadasxva un-
ariT iqneba aRWurvili da romlis RirebulebaTa
sistema globaluri eTikidan gamomdinare Sexedule-
bebs daefuZneba. gamWoli kompetenciebis umeteso-
ba globaluri eTikis nawilia, globaluri eTika ki

92
pirdapir kavSirSia myar Rirebulebebis sistemasTan,
romelic ki ar apirispirebs, aramed aerTianebs ada-
mianebs. demokratiuli kulturis kompetenciebis
modeli, romelic warmoadgens demokratiul kul-
turasTan da interkulturul ganaTlebasTan daka-
vSirebul dRemde arsebul saerTaSoriso midgomebs,
aris mTavari sayrdeni ganaTlebaSi da aucileblad
unda vaswavloT momavali ganaTlebis specialistebs,
radgan is Seicavs im kopetenciebs da unarebs, rome-
lic xels Seuwyobs esg-iT gaTvaliswinebuli pri-
oritetuli gamWoli kompetenciebis dauflebas da
srulyofas, swavla/swavlebis xarisxis gazrdas, us-
afrTxo skolis, moswavleze orientirebuli saswav-
lo garemos Seqmnas da demokratiuli sazogadoebis
mSeneblobas.
demokratiuli kompetenciebi, TiToeuli jgu-
fis mixedviT, asea gadanawilebuli:
1.Rirebulebebi: sxva adamianebis, adamianis
Rirsebisa da uflebebis dafaseba; kulturuli
mravalferovnebisa da kulturuli gansxvavebu-
lobis dafaseba; demokratiis, samarTlianobis,
keTilsindisierebis, Tanasworobisa da kanonis
uzenaesobis dafaseba.
2. damokidebulebebi: kulturuli gansxvavebulo-
bisa da sxva rwmenisadmi, msoflmxedvelobis,
Sexedulebebisa Tu praqtikisadmi tolerantu-
li damokidebulebisaTvis mzaoba; pativiscema;
moqalaqeobrivi azrovneba; pasuxismgebloba;
Tavdajerebuloba; gaurkvevlobisadmi Semwyn-
arebluri damokidebuleba.
3. unarebi: damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cveve-

93
 bi; analitikuri da kritikuli azrovnebis un-
ar-Cvevebi; mosmenisa da dakvirvebis unar-Cveve-
bi; empaTia; moqniloba da Seguebis unari;
enobrivi, komunikaciuri da mravalenobrivi
unarebi; TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebi; kon-
fliqtebis mogvarebis unar-Cvevebi.
4.codna da kritikuli gaazreba: saku-
Tari Tavis Secnoba da kritikuli aRqma;
enisa da komunikaciis codna-Semecneba da kri-
tikuli aRqma; msoflios (politikis, kanonis,
adamianis uflebebis, kulturis, kulturaTa,
religiis, istoriis, mediis, ekonomikis, garemos
dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis) Secnoba-Se-
mecneba da kritikuli aRqma.
TiToeuli mimarTuleba daexmareba maswavleb-
els praqtikul saqmianobaSi, im saintereso aq-
tivobebis Seqmnasa da praqtikaSi gamoyenebaSi, ro-
melic mesame Taobis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi axal
struqturul erTeulad, `Temebad~ Camoyalibda da
SesaZlebloba misca maT myari da dinamikuri cod-
nis konstruirebaSi daexmaron moswavleebs.
mesame Taobis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi ufro
vrclad aisaxa swavla-swavlebis miznebi da maswav-
lebelTa winaSe daisva sakiTxi, rom maT sakuTari
sagnis swavla-swavleba imgvarad warmarTon, rom
moswavleTa ganviTarebis gzad aqcion. Sesabamisad,
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis swavla-swavlebis miznebia
moswavles ganuviTaros Semdegi gamWoli unarebi da
Rirebulebebi:
problemebis gadaWra – rac gulisxmobs prob-
lemis amocnobas, aRweras da gaanalizebas; prob-

94
lemis gadaWris gzebis Ziebas, maTgan yvelaze efeq-
turis SerCevas.
kritikuli azrovneba – faqtebis, warmodgen-
ebis, mosazrebebis kritikulad ganxilva da gaana-
lizeba; SekiTxvebis Camoyalibeba da maTze pasuxis
Zieba; argumentirebulad msjeloba, anu sakuTari
mosazrebebis dasabuTeba Sesaferisi argumentebis,
magaliTebis moyvaniT; gonivruli arCevanis gakeTe-
ba da misi dasabuTeba.
SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba – Canafiqris Semo-
qmedebiTad ganxorcieleba; originaluri ideebis
gamovlena da xorcSesxma; axlis Seqmna; dasmuli
problemebis gadasaWrelad arastandartuli gze-
bis moZieba; swrafva garemos gardaqmna-gaumjobese-
bisken; gamowvevebis miReba, saskolo saqmianobaSi
gabeduli nabijebis gadadgma.
TanamSromloba – samuSaos Tanasworad ganaw-
ileba da Sesruleba jgufuri/gunduri muSaobis
dros; mzaoba jgufSi/gundSi sxvadasxva funqciis
Sesasruleblad (mag.,lideris); gansxvavebuli idee-
bis, Sexedulebebis konstruqciulad ganxilva; re-
sursebis, mosazrebebis, codnis gaziareba prob-
lemaTa erToblivad gadaWris, gadawyvetilebaTa
erToblivad miRebis mizniT.
komunikacia – gancdilis, naazrevis mitana msme-
nelamde/mkiTxvelamde, maTze STabeWdilebis moxde-
na; informaciis gaziareba sakomunikacio situaciis
Sesabamisi verbaluri da araverbaluri saSuale-
bebis gamoyenebiT; sxvisi mosmenisa da gagebis unari;
pirovnuli Rirsebis gaazrebisa da dafasebis unari.
eTika – eTikuri normebis dacva; solidarobis

95
7. r. f i f i a
gancda; empaTia; gansxvavebulobis mimRebloba; saku-
Tar aqtivobaze pasuxismgeblobis gaazreba.
mewarmeoba, iniciativebis gamovlena da saqmed
qceva – swavla-swavlebis procesSi interesisa da
cnobismoyvareobis gamovlena; axali ideebis, mid-
gomebis, SesaZleblobebis Zieba da maTi ganxor-
cieleba swavlis gaumjobesebis mizniT; mzaoba
gamowvevebis misaRebad, gabeduli nabijebis gadasa-
dgmelad.
drosa da sivrceSi orientireba – Tanamedrove
realobis sivrcul-droiT WrilSi gaazreba da in-
terpretireba; multiperspeqtiuli xedva droiTi
da sivrculi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kvleva – kvleviTi amocanis, kvlevis proce-
durebis, monacemebis mopovebis gzebisa da aRricxvis
formebis gansazRvra; saTanado resursebis SerCe-
va; kvlevis Catareba, monacemebis aRricxva da sxva-
dasxva formiT warmodgena/organizeba; monacemebis
analizi, argumentirebuli msjelobis safuZvelze
daskvnebis gamotana; kvlevis Sedegebis Sefaseba; kv-
leviTi samuSaoebis Catarebis dros eTikisa da usa-
frTxoebis normebis dacva.
swavlis swavla, damoukideblad saqmiano-
ba – aqtivobis/davalebis Rirebulebis gansazRvra
– moswavlem unda dainaxos, ras SesZens aqtivobis
Sesruleba, ra pirovnul Tu socialur sargebels
moutans mas; aqtivobis/davalebis dagegmva – moTx-
ovnaTa gaazreba da mis Sesasruleblad saWiro cod-
nis gansazRvra; davalebis/aqtivobis mTavari miznis
gansazRvra; samuSaos warmatebiT Sesrulebis krite-
riumebis dadgena; gansaxorcielebeli samuSaos eta-

96
pebis gamokveTa; imis ganWvreta, Tu ra gauadvil-
deba, ra gauZneldeba, raSi dasWirdeba daxmareba;
strategiebis mizanSewonilad SerCeva samuSaos Ti-
Toeuli etapisaTvis; swavlis procesis monitorin-
gi – dafiqreba swavlis procesze, im pirobebisa da
faqtorebis amocnoba, romlebic xels uwyobs an
aferxebs winsvlas, saTanado zomebis miReba winsv-
lis xelSesawyobad; TviTSefaseba Zlieri da susti
mxarebis dasadgenad, susti mxareebis gasaZliereb-
lad gzebis dasaxva; socioemociuri marTva – nerv-
iulobis minimumamde dayvana, saWiroebisamebr, dax-
marebis Txovna, sakuTar TavSi siZneleTa gadalaxvis
resursebis povna; Secdomebis mimarT pozitiuri
damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba da winsvlis wyarod
gamoyeneba; calkeuli saqmianobisTvis gamoyofili
drois efeqturad gamoyeneba.
pasuxismgebloba – saskolo saqmianobebSi
(saskolo cxovrebaSi) nakisri valdebulebis Ses-
ruleba; samuSaos dadgenil vadebSi dasruleba da
Cabareba; sakuTari qcevis marTva, sakuTar qcevebze,
socialur aqtivobebze pasuxismgeblobis aReba.
informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis
gamoyeneba – qseluri Zieba; informaciis gavrcele-
ba; eleqtronuli resursis moZieba da gamoyeneba
saswavlo procesSi.
wigniereba – zepiri da weriTi metyvelebis
gziT informaciis miRebis, damuSavebis, gaazrebis,
sistemaSi moyvanis, gaanalizeba-interpretirebisa
da wardgena-gaziarebis unari.
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebidan gamom-
dinare, erovnuli saswavlo gegma, aseve, gamoyofs

97
prioritetul Temebs: a) kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacva; b) garemos dacva; g) jansaRi cxovreba; d) samo-
qalaqo usafrTxoeba; e) konfliqtebis marTva; d) fi-
nansuri wigniereba; e)kulturuli mravalferovneba.
rogorc vxedavT, prioritetuli Temebi pirdapir
kavSirSia demokratiuli kompetenciebis diskrip-
torebTan da TiToeuli Tema emsaxureba moswavleTa
srul informirebas Rirebulebaze orientirebul
saswavlo qmedebebze [esg. 2018]. am mimarTulebiT qa-
rTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis warmarT-
vaze da saxelmZRvaneloTa Seqmnaze gansxvavebuli
mosazrebebic arsebobs: nino nakudaSvili wers, rom
standarti gadaixara samoqalaqo ganaTlebisken. Tu
sabWoTa wlebSi saswavlo programa socrealizmis
ideologiaze iyo agebuli, dRes Seiqmna axali ide-
ologia samoqalaqo ganaTlebis saxiT. Tanamedrove
saxelmZRvaneloebSi rom CaixedoT, gagiWirdebaT
garkveva, es literaturis standartia Tu samoqa-
laqo ganaTlebis. centraluri elementi aris Tema
– vTqvaT, adamaini da sazogadoeba, adamiani da bune-
ba da a. S. da am Temebis mixedviT lagdeba litera-
tura, samwuxarod [literaturuli gazeTi, 2018: gv.
14]. sayuradRebo mosazrebaa, romelsac gaazreba da
praqtikuli ganxilva sWirdeba.
rogor CamovayaliboT idea? maswavlebeli ideis
Camoyalibebas iwyebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan.
is aanalizebs sagnobrivi standartisa da gamWoli
kompetenciebis urTierTkavSirs. jer kidev Tematu-
ri dagegmvis dros maswavlebeli fiqrobs imaze, Tu
romeli Tema romeli gamWoli kompetenciis ganvi-
Tarebas Seuwyobs xels, an ra meTodiT da ra gzebiT

98
aris SesaZlebeli am miznis miRweva. standartisa da
gamWoli kompetenciebis Sedareba SeiZleba warmod-
genili iyos sqematurad, cxrilis saxiT, rac maswav-
lebels saSualebas miscems sworad dagegmos Tavi-
si saqmianoba am mimarTulebiT. aris kompetenciebi,
romlebzec maswavlebeli mudmivad unda muSaobdes,
magaliTad, iseTze, rogoricaa swavlis swavla.
rogor unda daigegmos gamWoli kompetenciebis
ganviTarebaze orientirebuli gakveTili? stan-
dartis analizis Semdeg maswavlebelma unda Seis-
wavlos xelmisawvdomi resursebi, saxelmZRvanelos
miRma moiZios damatebiTi informacia aplikacie-
bi, kompiuteruli programebi (`softebi~) Tu sxva
vizualuri saSualebebi. amis Semdeg iwyeba gakveTi-
lis dagegmvis etapi. maswavlebels unda hqondes in-
formacia, Tu rogor muSaoben sxva maswavleblebi
aRniSnuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebisaTvis, ro-
meli kompetenciebi aqvT moswavleebs ukve ganvi-
Tarebuli da ra doneze, radgan SeuZlebelia Tun-
dac erTi warmatebuli da srulfasovani gakveTilis
farglebSi moxerxdes bolomde romelime erTi kom-
petenciis ganviTareba. es mxolod da mxolod kidev
erTi win gadadgmuli nabijia uwyvet procesSi [gzam-
kvlevi, 2016: gv. 26-31].
ganvixiloT erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gam-
Wol kompetenciebSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani
wignierebis ganviTareba, romelic ara marto tradi-
ciuli kiTxvis, weris da zepirmetyvelebis unarebis
dauflebas, aramed codnis sxvadasxva Sinaarsobriv
konteqstSi gadatanas da gamoyenebas, zepiri ko-
munikaciis, wakiTxulis ganxilvis, diskusiis, kri-

99
tikuli azrovnebis da warmosaxvis unarebis gan-
viTarebas gulisxmobs. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT, wigniereba ewodeba codnis, unarebisa da
damokidebulebebis erTobliobas, romlebic Sesa-
Zlebels xdis enis efeqtur gamoyenebas swavlisa da
komunikaciis mizniT rogorc saskolo, aseve sazo-
gadoebriv saqmianobaSi. moicavs kiTxvis, mosmenis,
zepiri metyvelebis da weris unarebs; agreTve enis
simboloebis amocnoba-gamoyenebis unars, iseve, ro-
gorc zepiri, vizualuri, nabeWdi, Tu cifruli te-
qstebis gaazrebisa da interpretaciis unar-Cvevebs.
wigniereba Tanamedrove msoflioSi erT-erTi
ZiriTadi, sakvanZo kompetenciaa. kiTxvisa da weris
unarebi mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs individis moqa-
laqed Camoyalibebasa da mis warmatebas saqmianobis
nebismier sferoSi. amitom, wignierebis ganviTarebas
saTanado yuradReba eTmoba rogorc skolamdel da
saskolo, ise skolisSemdgom asakSi. mraval qveyana-
Si xorcieldeba sxvadasxva programa im mozardebisa
da zrdasrulebisaTvis, romlebic ama Tu im mizeziT
uwignurad darCenis riskis winaSe dganan.

viwro gagebiT, wigniereba niSnavs kiTxvi-
sa da weris codnas, farTo gagebiT, igi moi-
cavs mravalferovani mxatvruli, informaci-
ul-SemecnebiTi, yofiT-pragmatuli teqstebis
wakiTxvis, Seqmnis, ganxilvis, gadamuSavebisa
da sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoyenebis unarebs.
efeqturi kiTxva, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs kiTx-
vis teqnikis gawafvas da wakiTxulis kritiku-
lad gaazrebas.

wigniereba gvexmareba konkretuli yofiTi da

100
 akademiuri problemebis gadaWraSi; igi pirovnu-
li ganviTarebis, TviTgamoxatvisa da TviTdam-
kvidrebis saSualebaa.
 wigniereba gvexmareba socialuri, ekonomikuri
da kulturuli cvlilebebis daproeqtebasa da
ganxorcielebaSi (wigniereba socialuri Zvre-
bis instrumentia).
ratom unda vizrunoT kiTxvisa da weris
(wignierebis) fundamenturi unarebis swavleba-swav-
lis gaumjobesebaze dawyebiT klasebSi?
 zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safex-
urebze, aseve, umaRlesi ganaTlebis safexurze
ukeTesi miRwevebiT gamoirCevian is moswavlee-
bi/studentebi, romelTac skolamdel da daw-
yebiT safexurebze kargad iswavles kiTxva da
wera.
 wignieri unar-Cvevebis mflobeli moswavlee-
bi swrafad da xarisxianad swavloben ara mx-
olod mSobliur enasa da literaturas, aramed
sabunebismetyvelo da sazogadoebrivi mecnier-
ebebis sagnebs.
 wignieri moswavleebi gamoirCevian empaTiis,
pozitiuri socialuri urTierTobebisa da Ta-
namSromlobis unarebiT.
 moswavleebs, romelTac meoTxe klasamde sa-
Tanadod ar ganuviTardaT kiTxvisa da weris
unar-Cvevebi, uWirT am unarebis gamomuSaveba
momdevno klasebSi.
 moswavleTa kiTxvis unaris saerTaSoriso Se-
fasebis programis (Pirls) monacemebis mixedviT,
qarTveli meoTxe klasis moswavleebi saTanado

101
 Sedegebs ver aRweven wakiTxuli mxatvruli da
informaciuli teqstebis gageba-gaazrebaSi.
 kiTxva da wera erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mS-
obliuri enisa da literaturis, qarTulis, ro-
gorc meore enisa da ucxouri enebis sagnobrivi
standartis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia, xolo
wigniereba pirvelia prioritetul gamWol kom-
petenciebs Soris.
wignierebis ganviTareba mravalmxrivi procesia
da maswavleblis maRal kompetenciebs moiTxovs. mo-
mavalma maswavlebelma unda gaacnobieros wignier-
ebis mniSvneloba swavleba-swavlisa da aRzrdis
procesSi; dawyebiTi klasis maswavleblebi unda
daeuflon kiTxvisa da weris swavlebis Tanamedrove
efeqtur meTodebs; gaazrebuli kiTxvis xelSem-
wyob meTodebs; iswavlon kiTxvaze orientirebuli
gakveTilis dagegmva; gaacnobieron wignierebaze
orientirebuli skolebis mniSvneloba da xeli Seu-
wyon maT ganviTarebas; unda Seqmnan da gamoiyenon
wignierebis ganviTarebisTvis xelSemwyobi garemo
(saskolo da saklaso biblioTekebi, mSobelTa CarT-
va, `kritikuli kolegis~ mniSvneloba).
wignieri garemos organizeba, efeqturi ga-
kveTilebisa da Tematuri erTeulebis warmarTva,
Sesaferisi resursebis moZieba mudmiv profesiul
zrdas saWiroebs. erovnuli saswavlo gegma miznad
isaxavs ganaviTaros mozardis ZiriTadi sametyvelo
unarebi, Seayvaros kiTxva, gamoumuSavos litera-
turis aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari. esg-s mixed-
viT, qarTuli enisa da literaturis ZiriTad mimar-
Tulebebs warmoadgens zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa

102
da weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. es mimarTulebe-
bi sam sferoSi povebs realizacias, esenia: ena, ro-
gorc informaciis gagebis, analizisa da Sefasebis
saSualeba (ena sainformacio mimarTulebiT), enis
komunikaciuri aspeqtebi (zepiri da werilobiTi
aramxatvruli teqstebi) da literatura, rogorc
enis esTetikuri gamovlineba. kiTxvis unaris ganvi-
Tareba wignierebis safuZvelia, rac srulfasovani
pirovnebis Camoyalibebis aucilebel pirobas war-
moadgens.
bolo periodSi Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare sagan-
manaTleblo reformebma mwvaved daayena moswavleTa
wignierebis problema da kidev erTxel TvalnaTliv
dagvanaxa, rom kiTxva aris safuZveli wignierebi-
sa, romelic Tanamedrove srulfasovani pirovnebis
Camoyalibebis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens.
wignierebiT unda vaziaroT moswavleebi maradiul
zogadkacobriul Tu erovnul Rirebulebebs, gan-
vuviTaroT pirovnuli Rirsebis grZnoba, Camovuyal-
iboT damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, vaswavloT
sxvisi azris pativiscema, gavzardoT gemovnebian
mkiTxvelebad, msmenelebad. igi emsaxureba nairgvari
werilobiTi informaciis wakiTxvisa da gamoyenebis
unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas; mSobliursa da msof-
lio sityvier kulturasTan ziarebas, misi Semoq-
medebiTi aTvisebis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas.
moswavle unda daeuflos kiTxvis ZiriTad strate-
giebs da gamoiyenos, raTa SeZlos teqstis SerCeva,
kritikuli kiTxva, ganmarteba da saWiro Sesworeba-
Ta Setana.
sagnobriv unarebze muSaoba gulisxmobs sa-

103
komunikacio, akademiur, enobriv da sasicocxlo
(gamWol) unarebze integrirebulad muSaobas. aR-
niSnulidan gamomdinare, maswavlebelma sworad da
mizanmimarTulad unda SearCios interaqtiuri swav-
lebis meTodebi, strategiebi da aqtivobebi. moswav-
leze orientirebuli inovaciuri saganmanaTleblo
meTodebisa da aqtivobebis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs maRali saazrovno unarebis: anal-
izisa da sinTezis, kritikuli azrovnebis, problemis
gadaWrisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis, Semoqmedeb-
iTobis ganviTarebaSi. swavla-swavlebis procesSi
gansakuTrebiT efeqturia ara mxolod faqtebze da-
fuZnebuli, aramed erTdroulad ramdenime unaris
ganviTarebaze orientirebuli meTodebi.
wignierebis tradiciuli da axli saxeebis an-
alizi da gamoyeneba swavlis procesSi saxalisosa
da sainteresos gaxdis mSobliuri literaturis
swavlebis process da daexmareba qarTuli lit-
eraturis maswavlebels saswavlo miznebis ganxor-
cielebaSi, gakveTilebis dagegmvasa da CatarebaSi.
maswavleblebi SemoqmedebiTad miudgebian TiToeul
meTods da moargeben mas konkretuli klasis, mos-
wavlis saWiroebebs logikuri, damoukidebeli da
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebisTvis. soxumis
saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis fakultetze
`maswavleblis ganaTlebis~ sabakalavro programa-
Si ramdenime welia iswavleba sagani wigniereba da
kiTxvis strategiebi, sadac momavali maswavleblebi
euflebian wignierebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva xe-
rxebsa da meTodebs. momavali maswavleblebi gaaz-
rebulad swavloben wignierebis problemebs da

104
acnobiereben, rom kiTxva aris safuZveli wignier-
ebisa, rac Tanamedrove srulfasovani pirovnebis
Camoyalibebis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens. es
mimarTuleba emsaxureba nairgvari werilobiTi in-
formaciis wakiTxvisa da gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis
gamomuSavebas; mSobliursa da msoflio sityvier
kulturasTan ziarebas, misi SemoqmedebiTi aTvise-
bis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas.
mSobliuri enis swavleba dawyebiT safexurze
emsaxureba TviTgamoxatvisaTvis aucilebeli eno-
brivi unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas swavlebis yvela
ZiriTadi – zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris –
mimarTulebiT. amave dros, es procesi gulisxmobs
im minimaluri lingvisturi kompetenciis formire-
bas, romelic enis praqtikuli gamoyenebis Tval-
sazrisiT aris aqtualuri da Seesabameba moswavlis
inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebsa da interesebs [pa-
pava, Wanturia, 2011: gv. 9].
teqstebis nairsaxeoba qmnis im aucilebel Te-
matur garemos, romlis gacnobamac moswavle unda
moamzados cxovrebiseuli urTierTobebisaTvis.
moswavleebi unda daeuflon mxatvruli, Semec-
nebiTi da yofiTi teqstebis Seqmnis, aRqmisa da
interpretaciis unar-Cvevebs. maT unda iswavlon
teqstebis damoukideblad Sedgena, teqstebSi moce-
muli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba, maTi
analizi da SeZlon damokidebulebebis (poziciisa
da Sefasebebis) Tavisuflad gamoxatva. wignierebis
problema Zalian saxifaTo ram aris sazogadoebi-
sTvis – rodesac adamianebs arasworad an arasrul-
fasovnad esmiT is, rasac kiTxuloben, ecnobian da

105
aRiqvamen, gamoricxulia adekvaturad gaiazron is
da Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba miiRon. amis preceden-
tebi yvelgan Cans: xelisuflebaSi, mediaSi, sasamarT-
loSi Tu, ubralod, yofiT cxovrebaSi. adamianebi
sajarod msjeloben iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic kar-
gad ar esmiT imis gamo, rom ar SeuZliaT gagonilis
an wakiTxulis arsebis danaxva, mTavari da meorex-
arisxovani momentebis gamijvna [murRulia, 2013].
moswavleTa wigniereba ZiriTadad kiTxviT miiR-
weva. kiTxva saswavlo procesis ganuyofeli nawil-
ia. klasSi kiTxvisas Semoqmedi da gamocdili mas-
wavlebeli metnaklebad axerxebs iseTi saqmianobebis
SerCevas, romlebic teqstis aRqmasa da gagebas
gauadvilebs moswavleebs, magram kidev ufro mniS-
vnelovania moswavleebi SevaCvioT damoukidebel
kiTxvas. karg mkiTxvelad da ara `gadamkiTxvelad~
CamoyalibebisaTvis moswavlem unda SeZlos klasSi
xelmZRvanelobiTi kiTxvis dros arsebuli strat-
egiebis gamoyeneba damoukidebeli kiTxvisaTvis; ma-
gram verc mxolod kargad SerCeuli strategiebia
sakmarisi kiTxvis mimarT interesis gazrdisaTvis.
nakleb savaraudoa, yvelam xalisiTa da interesiT
waikiTxos damoukideblad teqsti, romlis gagebac
uWirs. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia motivaciis
dacema, kiTxvis survilis gaqroba. teqstis aRqmisa
da gagebis xarisxi damokidebelia bevr faqtorze,
kerZod, rogoria moswavlis kiTxvis tempi, aqvs Tu
ara teqstis gagebisaTvis sakmarisi leqsikuri mar-
agi, lingvisturi codna da sxva. Zalian mniSvnelo-
vania TviT teqstis Taviseburebebic. amitom, sanam
moswavleebi karg da interesian mkiTxvelebad Cam-

106
oyalibdebian, sasurvelia, moswavleebs Tavad peda-
gogma misces rCevebi, ra waikiTxon [inasariZe, 2013].
kiTxvis Seswavlaze yvelaze meti pasuxismgeblo-
ba ekisreba maswavleblebs, romlebmac mravalmxrivi
teqnika da strategiebi unda gamoiyenon, raTa mos-
wavleebi wramatebulad daauflon kiTxvis unars.
Sesabamisad, swored maswavleblebs unda hqondeT
codna im faqtorebisa da ganviTarebis stadiebis
Sesaxeb, rac gavlenas axdens bavSvis mier kiTxvis
unaris aTvisebaze. garda amisa, maswavleblebi Tavad
kargad unda erkveodnen kiTxvis aTvisebis procesSi,
raTa moswavleebs gadascen maTi SesaZleblobebisa
da ganviTarebis Sesabamisi codna.
wigniereba mxolod skolaSi gatarebul wlebze
ki ar aris damokidebuli, aramed im garemoze, sa-
dac wignis kiTxvis survili uCndebaT, an uqrebaT.
cxadia, am procesSi gadamwyvet rols maswavlebe-
li asrulebs. swored I-IV klasebSi miRebuli codna
gansazRvravs moswavleTa SesaZleblobas sabazo da
saSualo safexurze kidev ufro daxvewos gaazre-
buli kiTxvis unari da aimaRlos wignierebis done
[papava, Wanturia, 2011: gv. 53-54].
saklaso sivrceSi bevri saswavlo aqtivoba, sx-
vadasxva saswavlo procesis organizeba, sagakveT-
lo procesSi mravalferovani meTodebis gamoy-
eneba, TiToeuli moswavlis akademiuri warmatebis
safuZveli unda iyos. nebismieri xasiaTis teqstis
gageba-gaazrebis unarebis moswavleebisaTvis Camoy-
alibebaSi, maswavleblebs daxmarebas gauwevs iseTi
meTodebis gamoyeneba, rogorebicaa teqstis CarCoe-
bi, sityvaTa klasifikacia, orientirebuli mosmena

107
da azrovneba, kiTxva da gageba wyvilebSi. radgan te-
qstis struqturis Seswavla grZelvadiani procesia
da, cxadia, ar aris erT-or gakveTilze misaRwevi
Sedegi, aRniSnuli meTodebis gamoyeneba dawyebiT
klasebSi aris erTgvari safuZvlis momzadeba swav-
lebis Semdeg safexurze SedarebiT didi moculobis
teqstebis Rrma da funqciuri Seswavla-gaazrebi-
saTvis [kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi 2, 2011: gv. 31].
kiTxvis warmatebuli swavlebisaTvis, sasur-
velia, kiTxvis procesi etapebad daiyos: pirvel
etapze, moswavleebs SevTavazoT kiTxvis winmswre-
bi aqtivobebi. mag., saTaursa da suraTze muSaoba,
maT Soris kavSirebis danaxva, maTze dayrdnobiT
varaudebis gamoTqma. meore etapze, sasurvelia,
teqstis samuSao monakveTebad dayofa da am mon-
akveTebis gasaazreblad sakiTxavi amocanis dasma.
yovelTvis unda avaridoT Tavi umcrosklasel-
TaTvis iseTi zogadi sakiTxavi davalebis micemas,
rogoricaa `waikiTxeT teqsti~ an kidev: `waikiTxeT
teqsti da amoiwereT ucnobi sityvebi~ – es niSnavs
yovelgvari daxmarebis gareSe moswavleTa dayenebas
Znelad dasaZlevi amocanis winaSe, rac uaryofiT-
ad moqmedebs maT motivaciaze. saWiroa etapobrivi
sakiTxavi amocanebis micema, es SeiZleba iyos kiTx-
vebi, romelTa pasuxic moswavleebma teqstSi unda
moZebnon. mas Semdeg, rac erT-erTi moswavle pasuxs
gascems romelime kiTxvas, maswavlebeli aucileb-
lad ikiTxavs, aris Tu ara gansxvavebuli azri/pa-
suxi. pasuxis mosmenisas moswavleebs mouwodebs
daasabuTon sakuTari variantebi. im moswavleebs,
romelTac ar aqvT pasuxi, hkiTxeT, azrTa sxvadasx-

108
vaobis SemTxvevaSi Tu vis emxrobian. Semdgom etapze
ki, monakveTis damuSavebamde gamovaTqmevinoT Tavi-
anTi mosazrebebi movlenaTa ganviTarebis SesaZlo
variantebze. swavlebis Sedegad moswavleebma unda
SeiZinon wakiTxulis gaazrebis myari strategiebi,
romlebsac isini mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gamoi-
yeneben. mecnierulad dadasturebulia wakiTxulis
gaazrebis ramdenime efeqturi strategia: maswav-
leblis mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema da
kiTxvebis Camoyalibeba, teqstis enis Sefaseba da mx-
atvruli xerxebis gaazreba, wignis maxasiaTeblebis
garCeva, teqstis struqturis amocnoba, gagebis
Semowmeba da Sejameba. wakiTxulis gaazrebis mizniT
kiTxvebis dasma tradiciuli meTodia da mas maswav-
leblebi yovelTvis mimarTavdnen. kiTxvebze pasuxis
Ziebis procesSi moswavle ubrundeba teqsts, pou-
lobs pasuxisaTvis saWiro adgilebs, eCveva teqstze
muSaobas. teqstis damuSavebis procesSi maswavle-
beli da moswavleebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
amaxvileben: mxatvruli da sainformacio teqstebis
specifikur maxasiaTeblebze, realursa da SeTxzu-
ls Soris gansxvavebis danaxvaze, mxatvruli xerxebis
– Sedarebis, epiTetis, alegoriis, andazis, afor-
izmis povnasa da Sinaarsis amocnobaze. wignis maxas-
iaTeblebis garCeva moswavles pirvelive klasidan
unda SeeZlos. mis Sesaxeb codna skolaSi unda gaR-
rmavdes. moswavles unda SeeZlos wignze Tavisi az-
ris gamoTqma wakiTxuli teqstebis, ilustraciebis,
saTauris mixedviT. teqstis struqturis amocnobis
mizniT maswavlebeli, moswavleebTan erTad atarebs
Semdeg aqtivobebs: saTaurisa da teqstis azrobrivi

109
urTierTkavSiris dadgena, teqstis dasawyisis, Sua
nawilisa da dasasrulis gamoyofa, movlenaTa da
personaJTa maxasiaTeblebs Soris rogorc msgavse-
bis, ise gansxvavebebis dadgena da grafikulad ga-
moxatva. gagebis Semowmeba da Sejameba teqstze
muSaobis daskvniTi etapia, am mizniT moswavleebi
pouloben teqstis mTavar ideas, Temas, akeTeben
daskvnebs teqstSi mocemuli faqtebisa da sakuTari
codnis dakavSirebis safuZvelze.
imisTvis, rom moswavlem moaxerxos mxatvruli
teqstis gageba (da TviTgamoxatva), maswavlebel-
ma unda ganuviTaros mas ara mxolod saazrovno
da kiTxvis unar-Cvevebi, aramed unda aswavlos kri-
tikuli azrovneba. es ki maswavleblisagan goneba-
maxvilobasa da siaxleebisaTvis mzaobas moiTxovs.
Tu maswavlebeli mudmivad ar aris CarTuli Tvi-
Tanalizis, axali codnis kritikulad Sefasebis da
eqsperimentebis procesSi (anu ar aris kritikulad
moazrovne), igi ver SeZlebs am unaris ganviTarebas
moswavleebSi.
am procesSi mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma
ar moaxvios sakuTari azrebi da varaudebi moswav-
leebs. sagnobrivi masalis axsnis dros mTavaria
bavSvebisTvis naTeli iyos, rom esa Tu is informa-
cia SesaZloa ar iyos absolituri WeSmariteba da
rom sruliad SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli varian-
tebis arsebobac. amavdroulad maswavlebeli unda
exmarebodes moswavleebs maTi sakuTari varaudebis,
msjelobis mudmiv analizSic. igi sarkesaviT unda
ireklavdes bavSvebis ideebs, maT msjelobebs da
ubrunebdes am yovelives maT ukan gansjisaTvis,

110
Seswavlisa da damatebiTi gaanalizebisaTvis. mas-
wavlebelma unda daanaxos bavSvebs Tu raoden mniS-
vnelovania kritikuli azrovneba da rogor SeiZleba
mis ganviTarebaze zrunva sxvisgan (am SemTxvevaSi
maswavleblisagan) damoukideblad. kiTxvaSi dax-
marebis meTodebis analizis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom
wakiTxulis gaazrebis gaumjobeseba mniSvnelovnad
aris SesaZlebeli, Tu moswavleebs mizanmimarTulad
aswavlian: gagebis TviTmonitorings, paragrafis
ZiriTadi azris povnas, kiTxvisas SekiTxvebis das-
mas, kiTxvisas daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis naw-
ilebis dakavSirebas, ZiriTadi informaciis Txro-
bas, teqstis Ziritadi punqtebis Sejamebas.
wignieri garemos organizeba, efeqturi ga-
kveTilebisa da Tematuri erTeulebis warmarTva,
Sesaferisi resursebis moZieba mudmiv profesiul
zrdas saWiroebs, rac profesiaSi Sesvlisas sworad
unda hqondes gacnobierebuli momaval maswavleb-
els.

8. r. f i f i a 111
 literatura:

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma, sagnobrivi programa

qarTul enasa da literaturaSi. Tb., 2018-2024.
www.mes.gov.ge
2. meliqiZe da sxv. 2018: m. meliqiZe, m. bagra-
tioni-gruzinski, r. lorTqifaniZe, swavlebis
meTodebi inkluziur ganaTlebaSi, qarTuli ena
da literatura, gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisT-
vis, Tb., 2018, https://www.wvi. org/sites/defaul–t/
files/Qartuli_Print_HQ_2mm_bleed.pdf
3. gzamkvlevi, 2011: gzamkvlevi maswavleblebi-
saTvis, qarTuli ena da literatura, 1-6 kla-
si, 2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT, Tb., 2011.
4. inasariZe, 2016: m. inasariZe, s. lobJaniZe, m. ra-
tiani, i. samsonia, maswavleblis saqmianobis daw-
yebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli
winsvlis gzamkvlevi, nawili II, Tb., 2016.
5. ratiani n , 2017: n. ratiani, gamWoli kompeten-
ciebi - Teoriidan praqtikamde, Jurnali ganaT-
lebis mecniereba, №1,http://jes.org.ge/number/10/
article/47/
6. ratiani da sxv. 2015: m. ratiani, m. sexniaSvili,
m. bliaZe, c. barbaqaZe, n. ingoroyva, T. mosiaS-
vili, maswavleblis wigni, gamWoli kompetencie-
bi, Tb., 2015.
7. saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti
(G-PriEd), kiTxvisa da weris swavleba dawyebiT
safexurze, saswavlo-meTodologiuri resurse-
bis krebuli, I-VI klasebi, Tb., 2015.

112
8. beselia, meifariani, 2011: n. beselia, n. meifar-
iani, wigniereba dawyebiT klasebSi, meTodu-
ri saxelmZRvanelo maswavlebelebisaTvis, Tb.,
2011.
9. papava, Wanturia, 2011: p. papava, T. Wanturia,
wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasi-
cocxlo unarebis gzamkvlevi dawyebiTi safex-
uris maswavleblebisTvis, Tb., 2011.
10. kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi 1, 2, 3, maswavle-
belTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli cen-
tri, Tb., 2011.
11. vestvudi, 2010: p. vestvudi, rogor vaswav-
loT kiTxva, Tb., 2010.
12. maWaraSvili, 2012: n. maWaraSvili, efeqturi
swavlebis teqnologiebi da strategiebi, Tb.,
2012.
13. kutalaZe, 2013: i. kutalaZe, wigniereba, an-
gariSi. Tb., 2013
14. samsonia, 2013: i. samsonia, wigniereba, maswav-
leblis saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2013
15. boWoriSvili, 2015: kiTxvis gakveTilebi, mos-
wavlis rveuli rekomendebuli teqstebiT, pro-
eqtis avtori m. boWoriSvili, Tb., 2015.
16. fasilitatoris gzamkvlevi, 2015: maswav-
lebelTa saswavlo jgufis xelmZRvaneloba,
fasilitatoris gzamkvlevi, Tb., 2015.
17. literaturuli gazeTi, 2018: literaturuli
gazeTi, 16-27 noemberi, 2018
18. murRulia, 2013: by Murgulia Gia (Canawerebi). g.
murRulia, wignierebis problema saqarTveloSi.
2013 wlis 15 maisi, oTxSabaTi, 10:30-ze.

113
 3.4 inovaciuri gakveTilis dagegmva da
Catarebis meTodika

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis konceptualuri da

meTodologiuri gzamkvlevis Semqmnelebi migvi-
TiTeben, rom maswavlebeli unda Seecados Tavi-
si SerCeuli aqtivobebi swavlebis interaqtiur
meTodebs efuZnebodes. am meTodebs – diskusia,
roluri TamaSi, gonebrivi ieriSi da sxv. kargad
unda vicnobdeT. maT Sesaxeb qarTul enaze mrava-
li meTodologiuri gzamkvlevia Seqmnili. saswavlo
Temis dagegmvis procesSi maswavleblis amocanaa es
meTodebi konkretuli saswavlo Temis konteqstSi
Casvas da sakvanZo SekiTxvebs Seusabamos. unda vi-
codeT, rom interaqtiuri aqtivobebi ar aris mx-
olod saswavlo procesis gamravalferovnebisa da
gaxalisebis saSualeba. maTi umTavresi mizania, mos-
wavles sakvanZo cnebebisa da SekiTxvebis gaazrebaSi
daexmaros.
moswavleze orientirebuli inovaciuri sagan-
manaTleblo meTodebisa da aqtivobebis gamoyene-
ba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs maRali saazrovno
unarebis: analizisa da sinTezis, kritikuli az-
rovnebis, problemis gadaWrisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis, SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebaSi. swav-
la-swavlebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT efeqturia
ara mxolod faqtebze dafuZnebuli, aramed erT-
droulad ramdenime unaris ganviTarebaze orien-
tirebuli meTodebi. am tipis swavleba gansakuTre-
biT efeqturia qarTuli enisa da literaturis
swavlebisas, radganac sagani da misi swavlebisdmi

114
kreatiuli midgomebi iZleva saSualebas ganvuvi-
TaroT moswavleebs CaRrmavebis da misi gadaWris
gzebis povnis unari.
rogor CavataroT inovaciuri gakveTili? mas-
wavlebeli mudmivad unda cdilobdes sakuTari
codnis ganaxlebas da Tvalyurs adevnebdes saganSi
siaxleebs rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise erovnul do-
neze. saqarTveloSi sagnobrivi programebi 5-wliani
vadiT mtkicdeba, masSi cvlilebebis asaxvas xangr-
Zlivi muSaoba da ganxilva sWirdeba. amitom skolis
dasrulebisTvis naswavli SeiZleba moZvelebuli
da usargeblo aRmoCndes. es gansakuTrebiT exeba
ist-s, radganac es sfero yvelaze swrafi tempiT
viTardeba. igive SeiZleba iTqvas sabunebismetyve-
lo mecnierebebzec, aq bevrma aRmoCenam tradiciul
codnaSi didi cvlilebebi Seitana. aseve, SesaZle-
belia saerTaSoriso doneze moxdes mravalmxrivi
SeTanxmebis miRweva, an ganaxldes romelime konven-
cia, risi asaxvac sagnobriv programaSi ver moes-
wros damtkicebuli vadebis gamo. magaliTisaTvis
gamodgeba erovnul doneze cvlilebebi saqarTve-
los konstituciaSi, romelSic qveynis mmarTvelo-
bis modeli mTlianad gadaixeda, axleburad gad-
anawilda funqciebi samTavrobo, saparlamento da
saprezidento instituciebs Soris. es cvlilebebi
swrafi wesiT SeiZleba saganmanaTleblo programeb-
Si ver aisaxos. aseve mudmivad icvleba, viTardeba
da mravalferovndeba swavlebis meTodikac. amitom
aris mniSvnelovani, rom maswavlebelma Tvalyuri
adevnos rogorc akademiur, ise meTodur siaxleebs
saganSi da asaxos isini Tavis praqtikaSi.

115
 rogor CamovayaliboT idea? maswavlebeli kar-
gad unda icnobdes erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis
moTxovnebs da, amavdroulad, mas unda hqondes in-
formacia, Tu ra samecniero aRmoCenebia mis sferoSi,
ra cvlilebebi mimdinareobs erovnul Tu global-
ur doneze. swored Tanamedrove swrafad cvalebad
samyaroSi, maswavlebeli axali codnis kvaldakval
unda viTardebodes, misdevdes siaxleebs da moswav-
leebsac saWiro dros uziarebdes. magaliTisTvis
gamodgeba `aTaswleulis miznebis~ dasruleba 2015
wlis dekemberSi da oqtomberSi gaeros msoflio
konferenciaze damtkicebuli `mdgradi ganviTare-
bis globaluri miznebis~ dawyeba 2016 wlis ianvri-
dan. moswavleebs unda hqondeT saSualeba gaiaz-
ron, Tu ratom Seicvala 8 mizani, moxerxda Tu ara
maTi ganxorcieleba, ra mimarTulebiT ganxorciel-
da cvlilebebi da ratom Canacvlda isini axali 17
mizniT. es siaxle SeiZleba gansxvavebuli meTodebis
gamoyenebiT Semoitanos maswavlebelma. Temis mniS-
vnelobidan gamomdinare, masze SeiZleba samodelo
gakveTili daigegmos.
rogor unda daigegmos inovaciuri gakveTili?
mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli gaecnoba siaxles da
gadawyvets mis Setanas klasSi, iwyebs gakveTilis
dagegmvas. Tuki es ar aris erovnul doneze ganx-
orcielebuli cvlilebebi, maswavlebels didi dro
daexarjeba qarTul enaze resursebis mosamzade-
blad. Tumca, qarTul enaze xelmisawvdomia, mag-
aliTad, Jurnali „National Geographic saqarTvelo~,
romelic sxvadasxva sagnis maswavlebels (geografi-
is, istoriis, biologiis, xelovnebis, sxv.) mudmivad

116
acnobs uaxles miRwevebs mecnierebaSi. rac Seexeba
siaxleebs swavlebis meTodikaSi, maswavleblebi mud-
mivad unda gaecnon Sesabamis literaturas, aseve
qarTul da ucxour veb-gverdebze gamoqveynebul
swavlebis strategiebs, gamoscadon isini praqtika-
Si, miudgnen SemoqmedebiTad da, saWiroebis SemTx-
vevaSi, gaukeTon maT modificireba. maswavlebels
SeuZlia Tavad SeimuSaos swavlebis axali, unikalu-
ri meTodika [inasariZe, lobJaniZe, ratiani, samsonia
2016: gv.31-40].
interaqtiuli (Inter − ormxrivi, act − moqmede-
ba) niSnavs urTierTmoqmedebas, vinmesTan saubris,
dialogis reJimSi yofnas. aqtiuri meTodebisgan
gansxvavebiT, interaqtiuli meTodebi orientire-
bulia moswavleebis ufro farTo urTierTobaze
ara mxolod maswavlebelTan, aramed erTmaneTTan.
interaqtiuli meTodi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc
aqtiuri meTodebis yvelaze Tanamedrove forma. in-
teraqtiul meTodebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT Semdegi:
diskusia, evristikuli saubari, `gonebrivi ieriSi~,
roluri, `saqmiani~ TamaSebi, treningebi, keis-meTo-
di, proeqtebis meTodi, jgufuri muSaoba sailus-
tracio masalasTan, videofilmebis ganxilva da a.S.
interaqtiuri swavleba aris Tanamedrove sa-
ganmanaTleblo sistemis Semadgeneli nawili, ro-
melic eyrdnoba maswavleblisa da moswavlis axali
rolebis Ziebasa da humanizmis principebs. is miznad
isaxavs maswavlebelze orientebuli avtoritaruli
saswavlo procesis Secvlas moswavleze orientebu-
li saswavlo procesiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs am
ukanasknelis interesebsa da moTxovnebs. interaq-

117
tiur swavlebas Semoaqvs pedagogikaSi swavlebis da
codnis Sefasebis axali strategiebi. Sesabamisad,
icvleba swavlebis mizani. igi orientebuli xdeba ara
mxolod mza codnis miRebaze, aramed unar-Cvevebis
gamomuSavebaze. moswavle interaqtiuri swavlebis
subieqtia, misi aqtiuri monawilea. swavlebas sa-
fuZvlad edeba moswavlis piradi gamocdileba, pi-
radad misi Tvisebebi da codna.
swavlebis procesisadmi es axali midgoma eyrd-
noba mniSvnelovan saganmanaTleblo mimdinareobas –
konstruqtivizms. konstruqtivizmis ZiriTadi idea
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom vaswavloT moswavleebs Zve-
li da axali codnis Sedarebis meSveobiT axali
informaciis Segroveba, daskvnebis damoukideblad
gamotana, damoukideblad azrovneba, codnis kon-
struireba - Seneba.
konstruqtivizmis mixedviT, moswavle swavlis
procesis aqtiuri monawilea. swavlebis konstruq-
tivistuli meTodologia gulisxmobs swavlebis
procesSi moswavleTa interesebis maqsimalurad
gaTvaliswinebas, maT waxalisebas, raTa SeZlon
faqtebis, movlenebisa da cnebebis analizi da inter-
pretacia. konstruqtivistuli Teoriis mimdevrebi
upiratesobas aniWeben iseT saswavlo gegmebs, rom-
lebic moswavleTa interesebze, maT wina codnasa da
gamocdilebazea agebuli.
maSasadame, konstruqtivistuli gakveTili ise
unda iyos dagegmili, rom maswavlebeli daexmaros
moswavleebs Tavad aagon codna, ipovon mniSvne-
lobebi, daamyaron sagnebs Soris kavSiri da SeZlon
analizi. es zrdis moswavleTa aqtivobas da inter-

118
ess. maswavlebeli konstruqtivistuli swavlebisas
aris procesis damgegmavi, warmmarTveli, Semfase-
beli da xelisSemwyobi.
swavlebis konstruqtivistuli midgomis ZiriT-
adi principebia:
 swavla aqtiuri procesia, moswavle agebs cod-
nas maswavleblis mier gadacemuli informaciis
safuZvelze. swavleba unda daexmaros moswav-
leebs sakuTari azris CamoyalibebaSi. moswavle
yvelaze ukeT iTvisebs maSin, rodesac sakuTari
gamocdilebis meSveobiT wyvets problemas;
 swavla gulisxmobs mniSvnelobis wvdomas.
maswavleblis mizania saswavlo aqtivobebi ise
warmarTos, rom moswavleebma mniSvnelovani
ideebi da aRmoCenebi kargad gaiazron.
 swavla socialuri urTierTobebis gziT aige-
ba. Sesabamisad, saswavlo garemoSi codnis kon-
struirebis saukeTeso saSualebaa TanamSrom-
lobiTi swavlebis gamoyeneba, mag., jgufuri
muSaobebi, diskusiebi...
 swavla yovelTvis gulisxmobs konteqsts. mos-
wavle yvelaze kargad iTvisebs maSin, rodesac
axali informacia kavSirSia ukve naswavlTan.
swavlebis konstruqtivistuli midgomis Semad-
geneli nawilebi:
 axali ideebis dakavSireba arsebul codnasTan;
 modelireba – maswavlebeli mimarTavs rTul
davalebas da cdilobs moswavleTaTvis Tvalsa-
Cino gaxados is nabijebi, romlebic am davalebis
Sesasrulebladaa saWiro;
 `xaraCos~ meTodi – maswavlebeli iseT davale-

119
 bebs aZlebs moswavleebs, romelTa gakeTebac,
daxmarebis gareSe, gauWirdebaT bavSvebs. mas-
wavlebeli sxvadasxva xerxiT exmareba maT, dax-
marebis wils TandaTan amcirebs da sabolood,
moswavleebi Tavad axerxeben saqmisaTvis Tavis
garTmevas.
 artikulacia – sakuTari Sexedulebebis ga-
moTqma verbalizaciis gziT da maTi dacva, rac
daexmareba moswavleebs masalis ukeT gaazreba-
Si.
 refleqsia – moswavleebi axdenen sakuTari
swavlis procesis analizs. es aviTarebs kri-
tikul azrovnebas. sxvagvarad am process `me-
takognicia~, anu swavlis procesis gaanalizeba
ewodeba.
 TanamSromloba – konstruqtivistuli mid-
goma gulisxmobs urTierTswavlebas, erTobliv
muSaobas;
 arCevani – moswavleebs eZlevaT arCevanis sa-
Sualeba, rac xels Seuwyobs swavlis process,
gaizrdeba interesi da CarTuloba saswavlo
procesisadmi.
 moqniloba – konstruqtivistuli meTodis Ta-
naxmad, maswavlebeli saWiroebisamebr moqnilad
cvlis gakveTilis mimarTulebas.

adaptaciis unari – maswavlebels unda SeeZlos
saswavlo miznebisa da amocanebis adaptireba
moswavleTa SesaZleblobebTan.

mravalmxrivi realoba – mravalmxrivi real-
obis gaazreba daexmareba moswavleebs gaigon,
rom yovelTvis erTi swori pasuxi ar arsebobs.

120
 es uviTarebs moswavles kritikul azrovne-
bas. amisTvis maswavlebelma aucileblad unda
miawodos moswavleebs ramdenime alternatiuli
Sexeduleba erTsa da imave sakiTxze [baqraZe,
2016].
interaqtiul gakveTilebze mniSvnelovania mas-
wavlebelma iseTi xerxebi gamoiyenos, romlebic
gakveTilis procesSi moswavleebis aqtiur CarTu-
lobas uzrunvelyofs. sasurvelia, rom klasSi iyos
maqsimalurad pozitiuri da, rac SeiZleba, moswav-
lis mimarT naklebad kritikuli garemo. moswavlee-
bi ufro aqtiurad CaerTvebian procesSi, Tu ig-
rZnoben, rom araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi isini ar
daimsaxureben maswavleblisgan (an Tanaklaselebisa-
gan) kritikas. mkvlevarTa didi nawilis azriT, ga-
kveTili, sasurvelia, iwyebodes ganvlili masalis
mimoxilviT. es gakveTilis pirveli nawilia, sadac
gamokiTxva gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs. gamokiTxva
saukeTeso saSualebaa moswavleTa mier informaciis
aTvisebis Sesamowmeblad [efeqtiani swavleba, 2010:
gv. 57].
Tanamedrove saswavlo procesi maswavleblisa-
gan moiTxovs iseTi garemos Seqmnas, iseTi meTodebisa
da strategiebis gamoyenebas gakveTilze, romlebic
xels Seuwyobs moswavlis damoukidebel azrovnebas,
imas, rom TviTon SeZlos Caswvdes dasmuli sakiTx-
is arss. qarTuli enisa da litereturis gakveTile-
bi swavlebis yvela safexurze iZleva saSualebas
interaqtiuri gakveTilebis aqtivobaTa gansaxor-
cieleblad. saxelmZRvaneloebi, met-naklebad, Sed-
genilia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisad, ro-

121
melic miznad isaxavs refleqsiaze da gansakuTrebiT
TviTrefleqsiaze orientirebul, damoukideblad
moazrovne pirovnebis aRzrdas. saxelmZRvaneloeb-
Si mocemuli esa Tu is nawarmoebi, misi kiTxvarebi
da damatebiTi sakiTxebi xels uwyobs moswavleebs
ara marto sxvadasxva problemis siRrmiseul gac-
nobierebaSi, aramed kritikuli azrovnebisaTvis
aucilebeli unarebis CamoyalibebaSi. mravalfero-
vani interaqtiuri meTodebidan diskusia aris gza
qarTul enasa da literaturaSi, romelic moswav-
leebs uRvivebs problemebis identificirebisa da
misi gadaWris nairgvari gzebis gamonaxvis survilsa
da unarebs.
diskusia interaqtiuli swavlebis erT-erTi
yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodia, romlis gamoyene-
bac zrdis moswavleTa CarTulobas saswavlo pro-
cesSi da xels uwyobs maTi socialuri da inter-
personaluri unarebis ganviTarebas. gakveTilze
diskusia, SesaZloa, or, sxvadasxva saxis garemoSi
warimarTos: TanamSromlobiTi jgufuri muSaobis
dros moswavleebs Soris, an maswavlebelsa da mos-
wavleebs Soris. am nawilSi, ZiriTadad, saubari iqne-
ba diskusiebis Sesaxeb mTeli klasis monawileobiT.
diskusiam saklaso oTaxSi, SesaZloa, xeli Seu-
wyos swavlebis ramdenime ZiriTad mizans:
 daexmaros moswavleebs, aqtiuri monawileoba
miiRon gakveTilis msvlelobaSi sakuTari az-
ris gamoxatvis gziT;
 daexmaros moswavleebs, zogadad, kritikuli
azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi;
 xeli Seuwyos moswavleebs saswavlo masalis

122
 aTvisebaSi misi kritikuli gaazrebis gziT;
 daexmaros moswavleebs komunikaciis unaris
ganviTarebaSi.
diskusia unda iyos kargad momzadebuli da,
sasurvelia, efuZnebodes ganvlil masalas, Tumca,
SesaZlebelia axali Temis/sakiTxis irgvliv sakla-
so diskusiis mowyobac. aseve, SesaZlebelia, rom
diskusia mohyves moswavlis an maswavleblis mier
SemoTavazebul prezentacias [efeqtiani swavleba,
2010: gv. 65-67].
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebisas
ama Tu im nawarmoebSi dasmul problemur sakiTxs
ver ganvixilavT rogorc detals, misi mniSvneloba
gacilebiT didia da saWiroebs moswavlis iseT az-
rovnebas da msjelobas, romelic diskusiis meTodis
gamoyenebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. saklaso diskusi-
is gamarTva xels uwyobs moswavleebSi msjelobis,
kritikuli azrovnebisa da problemis gadaWris un-
aris ganviTarebas. avarjiSebs moswavleebs azrebis
mwyobrad gamoxatvisa da daskvnebis gamotanaSi, sa-
davo sakiTxebis gadaWrisa da alternatiuli gad-
awyvetilebebis moZebnaSi.
diskusiis formiT Catarebuli gakveTilebi
moswavleebs uviTarebs kritikuli mosmenis, saku-
Tari azris Camoyalibebis, problemis gadaWrisa da
msjelobis unarebs. diskusiis meTodis warmatebiT
ganxorcielebisaTvis, sasurvelia, moswavleTaTvis
TvalsaCino adgilas iyos gamokruli diskusiis wese-
bi, sadiskusio Temad, Cveulebriv, SerCeulia xolme
rogorc ama Tu im teqstSi dasmuli problema, ise
sxvadasxva avtorebis mier gamoTqmuli Sexedule-

123
bebis Sedarebisas aRmoCenili realuri an moCven-
ebiTi winaaRmdegobani.
sadiskusio Temad unda SeirCes iseTi sakiTxi,
romlis irgvlivac gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi
SeiZleba arsebobdes, an daisvas iseTi problema,
romlis gadaWris alternatiuli gzebi arsebobs.
saklaso diskusiis meTodis gamoyenebisas saW-
iroa imis codna, rom:
• arsebobs dasabuTebuli mosazreba;
• diskusia pasuxis ganusazRvrel raodenobas
warmoSobs da ar moiTxovs erTaderT daskvnas,
radganac arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi,
sakuTari Tvalsazrisis dacvasTan erTad sxve-
bis Tvalsazrissac unda scen pativi;
• akritikeben azrebs da ara adamianebs;
• yuradRebiT usmenen erTmeneTs da svamen SekiTx-
vebs;
• ikamaTon konstruqciulad;
• Seajamon diskusiisas gamoTqmuli azri.
diskusiis dawyebamde maswavlebeli moswavleebs
gaacnobs diskusiis warmarTvis wesebsa da saTanado
qcevis normebs. diskusiisas moswavleebs moeTxove-
baT argumentirebuli msjeloba, gadawyvetilebis
miReba, diskusiis wesebis dacva. sasurvelia, es
wesebi Tavad moswavleebma SeimuSavon. magaliT-
ad, roca ramis Tqma gvsurs, xeli unda avwioT; ar
SevawyvetinoT erTmaneTs sityva; davicvaT regla-
menti da a.S. savaraudo diskusiisas moswavleebi
moismenen sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss da rwmundebian,
rom arsebobs uamravi problema, romelTac ara
aqvT mxolod erTi gadawyveta.

124
 saklaso diskusia cocxali, dinamikuri, saxal-
iso procesia da moswavleebi, rogorc wesi, inter-
esiT erTvebian masSi. diskusiis dadebiTi mxare isi-
caa, rom izrdeba moswavleTa CarTulobis xarisxi
da aqtivoba. visac ukve aqvs am meTodis gamoyenebis
gamocdileba, dameTanxmeba, rom xSirad diskusiaSi
pasiuri mowafeebic xalisiT da interesiT erTvebi-
an. swavlebisa da Semecnebis es interaqtiuri meTodi
codnis SeZenis da ganmtkicebis, masalis mravalmx-
riv damuSavebis da auditoriis winaSe Tavisufali
msjelobis unarebs xvews.
arsebobs saswavlo diskusiis ramdenime for-
ma. maTgan saklaso oTaxsa da sagakveTilo formats
yvelaze metad Seefereba: `mrgvali magida~.
diskusia emsaxureba aqtualuri sakiTxis ganx-
ilvas, mravalmxriv Seswavlas, analizs. monawilee-
bis amocana ar gaxlavT problemis/dasmuli sakiTx-
is gadaWra. isini orientirebuli arian sxvadasxva
kuTxiT mimoixilon Tema, gamoTqvan varaudebi, mo-
sazrebebi, hipoTezebi; gauziaron erTmaneTs infor-
macia, cnobebi, codna, rac aqvT mocemul sakiTxTan
mimarTebiT. monawileebi euflebian konstruqciuli
dialogis warmoebis teqnikas, sakuTari Sexedule-
bebis Sejerebas, mravalmxriv gaazrebas. diskusiaSi
yvela monawile Tanabari uflebiT sargeblobs.
saklaso oTaxis organizeba – aucilebeli
pirobaa, merxebi wriulad ganvalagoT, raTa monaw-
ileebs saSualeba hqondeT vizualuri kontaqti
daamyaron nebismier wevrTan. maswavlebeli am SemTx-
vevaSi ara dominanti, aramed `rigiTi~ monawilea.
SesaZlebelia, man mxolod `damkvirveblis~ funqcia

125
SeiTavsos.
Tu klasSi bevri moswavlea, SesaZlebelia ori
an sami `mrgvali magidis~ organizebac. monawilee-
bi jer mcire jgufebSi ganixilaven sakiTxs, ajer-
eben mosazrebebs, Semdeg ki sxva jgufebs acnoben
Tezisebs [lomiZe, 2016].
meTodistebi aRniSnaven diskusiasa da debatebs
Soris sxvaobas, meTodis aRwerisas isini aRniSnaven,
rom debati da diskusia, romlebSic moswavlee-
bi monawileoben, aqtiuri swavlebis saukeTeso sa-
Sualebebia. Zalian xSirad maT aigiveben, magram isi-
ni TavianTi miznebiTa da mimdinareobiT mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.
debatis mizania ori urTierTsapirispiro mo-
sazrebidan erT-erTis gamarjveba (argumentirebis
gziT), xolo diskusiis mizania dasmuli sakiTxis
Sesaxeb mosazrebebis gamoTqma da bolos maTi Se-
jereba. diskusiisas, sasurvelia, raRac saerTo az-
ramde misvla, debatis dros ki piriqiT – erT-erTma
unda gaimarjvos.
debatisa da diskusiis dros gansxvavebulia kla-
sis organizebis formebic – diskusiis dros merx-
ebi wriuladaa ganlagebuli (rac xazs usvams imas,
rom yvela monawile Tanabar pirobebSia da Tanabari
ufleba aqvs), debatis dros ki monawile jgufebi
cal-calke sxdebian. calke adgilia gamoyofili Ji-
urisTvisac.
debati (iseve, rogorc diskusia) moswavleebs:
 exmareba sakiTxis, problemis siRrmiseul gaaz-
rebaSi;
 uviTarebs sakuTari poziciis argumentirebu-

126
 li msjelobiT dacvis unars;
 aCvevs argumentebisa da kontrargumentebis Cam-
oyalibebas;
 uviTarebs ritorikul da logikur unarebs;
 xels uwyobs urTierTTanamSromlobiTi unare-
bis gamomuSaveba-ganviTarebas.
muSaobis forma: jgufebi
resursi: specialuri resursi saWiro ar aris.
msvleloba
 maswavlebeli SearCevs iseT sakiTxs, romlis
Sesaxeb ori sapirispiro mosazreba arsebobs;
 Semdeg klasSi gamoyofs or jgufs. erTma jguf-
ma unda daicvas erTi mosazreba, meorem – meo-
re;
 maswavlebeli jgufebs winaswar aZlevs dros
argumentebis mosaZiebel-mosafiqreblad (Ses-
aZlebelia, sakiTxebi erTi-ori dRiT adrec
misces);
 jgufebi sxdebian auditoriis sxvadasxva mx-
ares, erTmaneTis pirispir. TavianTi mosazre-
bebis dacvisas warmoadgenen argumentebs;
 argumentebs iniSnavs sagangebod SerCeuli Ji-
uri;
 imarjvebs is jgufi, romelic ufro met da
ufro damajerebel arguments warmoadgens Tav-
isi mosazrebis gasamyareblad.
SeniSvna: debatSi monawile jgufebisa da Jiuris
garda klasSi SeiZleba iyvnen mayureblebic [re-
sursebis krebuli, 2015: 236].
diskusiis unarebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels
aqtivoba araformaluri kamaTi. igi moswavleebs

9.r. f i f i a 127
saSualebas aZlevs, mousminon Tanaklaselebis mo-
sazrebebs da gamoTqvan sakuTari azri maTTvis
saintereso sakiTxebze, Camoyalibdnen kritikul
msmenelebad; miiRon mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebe-
bi, ganiviTaron argumentirebis, agreTve gunduri
muSaobis unari. aqtivoba tardeba 2 etapad: pirvel
etapze tardeba kamaTi, meore etapze ki moswavleebi
Seafaseben kamaTis msvlelobas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
 kritikuli mosmenis unarebis ganviTareba;
 argumentirebis unaris ganviTareba;
 etiketuri metyvelebisa da qcevis unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTareba;
 TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: adamianuri resursebi.
aqtivobis aRwera:
I etapi – sakamaTo Temis SerCevis Semdeg mos-
wavleebi or jgufad daiyofian (sasurvelia, Tema
SeirCes moswavleTa azris gaTvaliswinebiT). mzad-
deba instruqciebis CamonaTvali/nusxa, romelSic
asaxuli iqneba kamaTis nayofierad warmarTvisaT-
vis aucilebeli pirobebi (droiTi reglamenti; ri-
giTobis dacvis, yuradRebiT mosmenis, jgufis wev-
rebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis aucilebloba da
sxv.). jgufebSi moswavleebi ganawildebian imisda
mixedviT, Tu ra pozicia eqnebaT sakamaTo Temas-
Tan dakavSirebiT. moswavleebi winaswar amzadeben
argumentebs TavianTi poziciis dasasabuTeblad
da gaacnoben Tanagundelebs (amisaTvis gundebs
eZlevaT 15-20 wuTi). gundi argumentebis ganxil-
vis Semdeg SearCevs ama Tu im konkretuli argumen-

128
tis warmomTqmels. argumentebis warmomTqmelebi
rig-rigobiT saubroben, moswavleebi unda darw-
mundnen, rom: a) Cawerili aqvT yvela argumenti; b)
ar imeoreben ukve warmoTqmul arguments. kamaTi
grZeldeba manamde, sanam argumentebi ar amoiwureba.
II etapi – SefasebisaTvis gundebs maswavlebeli
daurigebs kiTxvars, romelsac Semdegi saxe SeiZle-
ba hqondes.
kiTxvaris nimuSi:
 romeli argumentebi iyo yvelaze sarwmuno da
damajerebeli?
 daxarjes Tu ara monawileebma dro da energia
mTavari problemisaTvis naklebad mniSvnelovan
mosazrebebze?
 Tqveni azriT, romeli argumenti/argumentebi
iyo imdenad damajerebeli,rom SeeZlo zogier-
Ti moswavlis mosazrebis Secvla?
Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara
moswavles:
 kritikuli mosmena;
 sakuTari azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba;
 etiketuri qceva da metyveleba;
 mosmenili informaciis/sametyvelo situaciis
Sejameba da Sefaseba werilobiTi gziT.
meToduri miTiTebebi:
 rekomendebuli ar aris kamaTSi `gamarjvebuli~
gundis gamocxadeba, magram Tuki moswavleebi
moisurveben gamarjvebulis gamovlenas, es Sei-
Zleba moxdes Semdegi gziT: a) gansakuTrebiT
Zlieri da/an originaluri argumentebisaTvis
jgufi qulas miiRebs; b) Tu argumenti gameor-

129
 da, jgufi qulas ar miiRebs. gaimarjvebs is
gundi, romelic met qulas daagrovebs.
 sakamaTod SerCeuli Tema SesaZlebelia rome-
lime Seswavlili nawarmoebis problematikas/
Tematikas ukavSirdebodes. am SemTxvevaSi aq-
tivoba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samive mimar-
Tulebas (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) dafar-
avs. kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT.
IX. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; qarT. IX. 9. gzamkvlevi, 2011:gv.
184-185].
diskusia-debatebis ganviTarebis Casatarebeli
sxvadasxva tipis aqtivobebis aRweris motana imisT-
vis dagvWirda, rom studentebs davanaxoT inovaciu-
ri gakveTilis nebismieri saxis mravalferovneba da
maswavleblis damxmare resursebis mravalmxrivo-
ba. nebismieri inovacia, dagegmilic da daugegmav-
ic, rogorc xSirad gamocdili pedagogebi amboben,
saukeTeso saSualebaa moswavleTa motivaciis asa-
maRleblad, maswavlebels ki aZlevs SesaZleblobas
sakiTxis arsobrivi Tvisebebis garkvevis procesSi
moswavleebs misces myari, dinamikuri codna.

literatura:

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. sagnobrivi programa

qarTul enasa da literaturaSi, Tb., 2018-2023
www.mes.gov.ge.
2. jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: T. jayeli, n. silagaZe,

130
 kurikulumi-pedagogiuri praqtikis srulyofis
saSualeba, mesame Taobis erovnuli saswavlo ge-
gmis konceptualuri da meTodologiuri gzam-
kvlevi, Tb., 2018.
3. inasariZe, lobJaniZe, ratiani, samsonia 2016: m.
inasariZe, s. lobJaniZe, m. ratiani, i. samsonia,
maswavleblis saqmianobis dawyebis, profesiuli
ganviTarebisa da karieruli winsvlis gzamkv-
levi, nawili II, Tb., 2016, gv. 20-26.
4. baqraZe, 2016: m. baqraZe, rogor davgegmoT kon-
struqtivistuli gakveTili ttp://mastsavlebeli.
ge/?p=10803
5. efeqtiani swavleba, 2010: efeqtiani swavleba,
Teoria da praqtika, gamocdebis erovnuli cen-
tri, red. i. kutalaZe, Tb., 2010.
6. lomiZe, 2016: n. lomiZe, diskusiis teqnika, http://
mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=7126
7. saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti
(G-PriEd), kiTxvisa da weris swavleba dawyebiT
safexurze, saswavlo-meTodologiuri resurse-
bis krebuli, I-VI klasebi, Tb., 2015.
8. gzamkvlevi, 2011: gzamkvlevi maswavleblebi-
saTvis, qarTuli ena da literatura, 1-6 kla-
si, 2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT, Tb., 2011.
9. resursebis krebuli, 2015: saqarTvelos daw-
yebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PRIEd), kiTxvisa
da weris swavleba dawyebiT safexurze, saswav-
lo-meTodologiuri resursebis krebuli, I-VI
klasebi, Tb., 2015.

131
 gakveTilis gegmis praqtikuli nimuSebi

gTavazobT samodelo da garedakvirvebis

gakveTilis nimuSebs sajaro skolis samive
safexurisTvis, gakveTilebi Sefasebulia da
maT avtorebs mieniWaT maswavleblis profesi-
uli sqemiT gansazRvruli mentori da wamyvani
maswavleblis statusi
1
ssip Tbilisis klasikuri gimnazia
profesiuli ganviTarebis sqemis farglebSi
wamyvani maswavleblis samodelo
gakveTilis gegma
maswavlebli: maka saxuria
sagani: qarTuli ena da literatura
swavlebis safexuri/klasi: sabazo/VIII6 klasi
moswavleTa raodenoba: 33 moswavle. sssm an SSm
moswavle ar iricxeba.
TariRi, dro: 20 aprili 2018, II gakveTili 09:50-
10:35
gakveTilis Tema: revaz inaniSvilis moTxroba
`frTxebian yvavebi dambaCis xmaze?”
gakveTilis tipi: inovaciuri samodelo ga-
kveTili (moswavle-mkvlevari da mxatvruli teqs-
tis analizi)
gakveTilis mizani:
 mxatvruli teqstis analizis da problematikis
gaazrebis unar-Cvevebze muSaoba;
 debatebsa da diskusiaSi CarTvis kulturis am-
aRleba, gansxvavebuli azris mosmenisa da argu-
mentirebuli pasuxis koreqtulad gacemis un-

132
 aris ganmtkiceba;

saprezentacio masalis (slaid-Sous) aRqmis da
mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis moniSvna-damaxsovre-
bis unarebis gamomuSaveba;

wyvilebSi TanamSromlobis, drois limitis
dacvis da efeqturi verbaluri prezentaciis
unar-Cvevebis daxvewa;
 analitikuri da mxatvruli werilobiTi te-
qstebis Seqmnis unarebis ganmtkiceba.

# aqt iv o b i s gam oy- k las i s saswav l o d r o

aRwe ra e ne bu l i o rga- re su rse b i
meTo d i n ize b i s
f o rma
1 A faza (ga- de bate- k lasTan maswav- 5 wT
m o wveva) bi TanamS- le b l i s
- m i ma r- r o m l o- m ie r
Tu le b i s m i m- b iTi da m o mza-
ce m i k iTxve b i i n d iv i d- de bu l i
ua lu r i k iTx-
va r i da
saxe l mZ-
Rvane l o
(`qarTu l i
e na da
l i te r-
atu ra~,
me-8 k la-
s i, r o-
d o na ia,
naku d-
aSv i l i,
a rabu l i,
xu ciS-
v i l i,
Tb i l i s i,
`swav-
lan i~,
2016)

133
2 B faza (re- d i sku- k lasTan maswav- 5 wT
a l ize ba) s ia TanamS- le b l i s
- m oTxr o ba- r o m- m ie r
Si dasmu- l o ba, m o mza-
l i m o ra l- i nte raq- de bu l i
u r-eTiku r i cia k iTx-
pr o b le me b i s va r i da
f o nze teq s- saxe l mZ-
t i s i dee b i s Rvane l o
gaazre ba, (”qarTu l i
ana l iz i da e na da
Se fase ba. l i te r-
atu ra”,
me-8 k la-
s i, r o-
d o na ia,
naku d-
aSv i l i,
a rabu l i,
xu ciS-
v i l i,
Tb i l i s i,
`swav-
lan i~,
2016)

134
3 dam xma re ma- de m o n- TanamS- s la i d- 5 wT
sa l i s gac- str i- r o m l o ba Sou
n o ba (masa- re ba k lasTan sak las o
la m o icavs - dam x- samuSa o s
i nan iSv i l i s ma re re- sqe m i s
m oTxr o b i s su rs i s f o rma
sxva dasxva (s la i d-
e p oqe b i s da Sou s)
Ta o be b i s wa r- wa r dge-
m o ma dge ne l i na
pe rs o naJe b i s
p o rtre te b i s
da maTi i deu-
r i datv i rT-
v i s am o sacn o b
re su rse bs,
agreTve
Ta o baTa
m s o f l m xe d-
ve l o br iv i
Ri re bu le-
be b i s kv le-
va-aRwe r i s
ame r iku l
hu man i ta ru l
me cn ie re be b-
Si m iRe bu l
gam o cd i le-
bas da m izna d
i saxavs m sgav-
s i dakv i rve-
be b i s q a rTu l
s i nam dv i le s-
Tan Seje re-
bas);
sak las o
samuSa o s
dava le b i s
gacn o ba.

135
4 wyv i le b- ana l iz i wyv i le b- wyv i le b-
Si samuSa o s da Si muSa o- Si Se sas-
` m o swav- s i nTez i ba ru le be l i
le-mkv- dava le b i s
leva r i s~ sqe ma da
dava le b i s maswav-
(`Ta o ba- le b l i s
Ta aRwe r i s m ie r
ame r iku l i m o mza-
gam o cd i le ba de bu l i
da q a rTu l i beWdu-
s i nam dv i le~) r i sax i s
ganaw i le ba da dam xma re
samuSa o s m i m- re su rs i.
d i na re o ba.
5 wyv i le bSi de m o n- wyv i le b- wyv i le b i s 10
Se sru le bu- str i re- Si wa r d- m ie r wT
l i samuSa o s ba/prez- ge na Se sru le-
` m o swav le - e ntacia bu l i
mkv leva r i s~ sak las o
(Te ma: `Ta o- dava le b i s
baTa aRwe r i s sqe me b i
ame r iku l i
gam o cd i le ba
da q a rTu l i
s i nam dv i le~)
preze ntacia
da Se fase ba

136
6 C faza ev r i s- k lasTan Se ma- 10
(gamTl iane ba) t ika TanamS- jame be l i wT
- Se majame be- da i n- r o m l o ba k iTxva r i
l i k iTxva- duq cia saSi na o
r i s m i xe d- axs- dava le b i s
v iT teq stSi na-gan- i nstruq-
wam oWr i l i ma r cia da ru-
pr o b le me b i s te ba br ike b i
rez iu m i re-
ba saSi na o
dava le b i s
i nstruq ci i s
ga dace ma
dava le ba N1
gr igo l
v i tge nSte i-
n i - sakuTa r i
m o ra lu r i
k o deq s i sa
da Ri rse b i s
m sxve rp l i
(Txzu le ba)
dava le ba N2
21-e sauku-
n i s gr igo l
v i tge nSte i n i
- Se mTxveva
`Sta d le r i s~
vago nSi (n ove-
la)
dava le ba iT-
va l i sw i ne bs
o r igi na lu r i
m xatv ru l i
teq st i s Seq m-
nas

137
 gakveTilis bolos misaRwevi Sedegi esg-s
standartis mixedviT:
qarT. VIII. 1. moswavles SeuZlia konkretul
sakiTxebze msjelobis mosmena da sakuTari Tval-
sazrisis warmodgena auditoriis winaSe (svams konk-
retul sakiTxs literaturuli nawarmoebidan da
ismens sxvebis azrs am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT; ms-
jelobs saTanado argumentaciis moxmobiT da Ta-
namimdevrulad aviTarebs Tavis mosazrebas; msj-
elobidan gamoaqvs adekvaturi daskvna; gamokveTs
sakuTar Tvalsazrissa da argumentebs);
qarT. VIII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia zepiri gamosvlis
mosamzadeblad strategiebis arCeva da gamoyeneba
(auditoriis winaSe gamosvlamde winaswar amzadebs
da saTanado situaciebSi iyenebs damxmare masalas;
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT moamzadebs konkret-
ul teqsts da msmenelTa yuradRebis misapyrobad
iyenebs sxvadasxva xerxs);
qarT. VIII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros,
gaaanalizos da Seafasos teqstebi (mxatvruli da
aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicaven garkveul Tval-
sazriss an msjelobas konkretul sakiTxebze (aana-
lizebs da konkretuli niSnis mixedviT, sistemurad
axdens teqstSi mocemuli informaciis klasifika-
cias; amoicnobs da gansazRvravs problemur sakiTx-
ebs wakiTxul teqstSi; arkvevs teqstSi dasmuli
problemis gamomwvev mizezebs; gamoxatavs sakuTar
damokidebulebas teqstSi asaxuli zneobriv-eTiku-
ri problemebis mimarT);
qarT. VIII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia nawarmoebis
mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaanalizeba. (saubrobs, Tu

138
rogor SeiZleba Secvalos nawarmoebis Sinaarsi kon-
teqsturi (dro-sivrculi) faqtorebis cvlilebam;
xsnis, Tu rogor SeiZleba Secvalos mkiTxvelis in-
terpretacia konteqsturi faqtorebis cvlilebam;
saubrobs imaze, Tu rogor moqmedebs konteqsturi
faqtorebi problemis arsis gagebasa da misi gadaW-
ris gzebze);
qarT. VIII. 10. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiT gad-
mosces sakuTari Tvalsazrisi, imsjelos konkretul
sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis moxmobiT (gamoxat-
avs da werilobiT ayalibebs pirad gancdebsa da gan-
wyobaze damyarebul STabeWdilebas; cxovrebiseul
da literaturul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT ayal-
ibebs sakuTar Sexedulebas konkretul problemur
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT).

Sefaseba:
wyvilebSi samuSaos (kvlevis) Sefasebis rubrika

davalebis adekvaturad gageba 2

davalebis Sinaarsis argumentirebulad 3

gadmocema
originaluroba da kreatiuloba 2

mewyvilesTan TanamSromloba 1
da drois limitis dacva

efeqturi verbaluri prezentacia 2

139
 saSinao davalebis (N1) (Txzulebis) Sefasebis
rubrika

I kriteriumi qule-
bi
davalebis pirobis adekvaturad gageba. 1
davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebu- 1
li.
davalebis piroba erTze met SemTxvevaSi 0
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli.
II kriteriumi qule-
bi
naSromis organizeba, logikuri da Tana- 1
mimdevruli msjeloba
naSromi kargadaa organizebuli, mon- 1
akveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad
enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa
gamoyofili.
naSromSi darRveulia teqstis logika da/ 0
an organizebuli ar aris.
III kriteriumi qule-
bi
argumentireba da citireba 3
msjeloba samive miTiTebis mixedviT 3
dasabuTebulia (argumentirebulia) da
argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi ma-
saliT.

140
msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT 2
dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebu-
lia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame mi-
TiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi arad-
amajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli
teqsturi masaliT.
msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT 1
dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyare-
bulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame
miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli
(perifrazia an msjeloba oriode wina-
dadebiTaa gadmocemuli).
msjeloba arc erTi miTiTebis mixedviT 0
ar aris dasabuTebuli da argumentebi ar
aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.
IV kriteriumi qule-
bi
damoukidebeli azrovneba, mosazrebaTa 2
araSablonuroba da SemoqmedebiToba.
mkafiod gamovlinda damoukidebeli az- 2
rovneba, SemoqmedebiToba da mosazrebaTa
araSablonuroba.
nawilobriv gamovlinda damoukidebeli 1
azrovneba da SemoqmedebiToba.
damoukidebeli azrovneba da Semoqmedebi- 0
Toba ar gamovlinda.
V kriteriumi qule-
bi
leqsika da stili 1
ar aris daSvebuli 2-ze meti Secdoma. 1
daSvebulia 2-ze meti Secdoma. 0

141
VI kriteriumi qule-
bi
morfologia, orTografia, sintaqsi 2
ar aris daSvebuli 4-ze meti Secdoma. 2
ar aris daSvebuli 7-ze meti Secdoma. 1
daSvebulia 7-ze meti Secdoma. 0

saSinao davalebis (N2) (novelis) Sefasebis

rubrika

produqtis Sesabamisoba davalebis 1

pirobasTan
novelis ideis originaluroba 1
kompoziciuri Tanmimdevruloba 2
SemoqmedebiToba da damajerebloba 3
leqsika da stili 1
morfologia, orTografia, sintaqsi 2

gegmas Tan erTvis damxmare resursebi (kiTx-

vari, slaid-Sou da saklaso da saSinao davalebebis
instruqciebi).

xelmowera: maka saxuria

142
 gakveTilis gegmaN2
maswavleblis saxeli, gvari: marine kvaracxelia
sagani: qarTuli ena da literatura
swavlebis safexuri/klasi: sabazo, me-7 klasi
moswavleTa raodenoba: 9 (sssm moswavle ar aris)
Tema: kiTxva.
kiTxvis saxeebi da strategiebi gakveTilis mi-
zani - moswavlem:
• imsjelos kiTxvis mniSvnelobaze;
• amoicnos kiTxvis saxeebi da maTi maxasiaTe-
blebi;
• waikiTxos teqsti (nawyveti publicisturi
werilidan) da gamoxatos Tavisi damokidebuleba
wakiTxulis mimarT; gamoiyenos kiTxvis sxvadasxva
strategia.
Tavi - rogor vikiTxoT sainformacio da saswav-
lo literatura,
saxelmZRvanelo - me-7 klasi,
qarTuli ena da literatura,
avtorebi: v. rodonaia, a. arabuli, m. xuciSvili

# aqtivobis aRwera meTodi/ klasis saswav- dro

meTode- orga- lo re-
bi nizebis sursebi
formebi
1 maswavlebeli ver- muSaoba qcevis 3
esalmeba klass, Seax- baluri mTel wesebiT- wT.
senebs qcevis wesebs, axsna, klasTan valsaC-
acnobs gakveTilis demon- inoeba,
Temasa da miznebs, strire- Sefase-
Sefasebis formebsa ba bis ru-
da rubrikas. brika

10. r. f i f i a 143
2 maswavlebeli ayal- gone- individ- feradi 6 wT
ibebs sam jgufs. brivi ual., webovani
individualurad ieriSi, mcire ba-
urigebs ferad ba- kiTx- jgufebi raTebi,
raTebs da sTxovs va-pasuxi (tri- flif-
daweron sami ram, ris adebi), Carti/
gamoc adamianisTvis mTeli dafa
mniSvnelovania kiTx- klasi kalmebi,
va. Semdeg uziareben markeri,
jgufis wevrebs. magnite-
maswavlebeli mos- bi
wavleTa Sejerebul
pasuxebs dawers
dafaze/flifCartze.
maswavlebeli svams
kiTxvebs:
 ra mizniT kiTxu-
lobT?
 ra Janris lit-
eraturas kiTxu-
lobT?
 romelia Tqveni
sayvareli wigni?
 vin aris Tqveni
sayvareli mwera-
li?
 vin aris Tqveni
sayvareli perso-
naJi?
 ratom mogwonT es
personaJi?

144
3 maswavlebeli eubne- kiTx- muSaoba wignebi 5 wT
ba moswavleebs, rom va-pasuxi mTel
arsebobs sxvadasxva evris- klasTan
saxis kiTxva, Sesabam- tikuli
isad, kiTxvis sxva- meTodi
dasxva strategia.
maswavlebeli klass
Seaxsenebs, rom isini
icnoben kiTxvis
zogierT strategias.
svams kiTxvebs:
 ras niSnavs sityva
`strategia~?
 rogor fiqrobT,
raSi exmareba
mkiTxvels kiTx-
vis strategiebis
codna?
maswavlebeli mos-
wavleebs sTavazobs,
gaiTamaSon situacia
wignis maRaziaSi.
moxalise an SemTx-
veviTobis principiT
SerCeuli moswavle
(Tu msurveli ram-
denimea) arCevs wigns
wasakiTxad. moswavle
gaiTamaSebs, rasac
axlavs sityvieri
axsna. savaraudod,
moswavle mimarTavs
gacnobiTi kiTxvis
strategias. kla-
si xsnis moswavlis
qcevis motivs. mos-
wavleebi iazreben,
rom es iyo gacnobis
mizniT kiTxva.

145
4 maswavlebeli praq- jgufu- flif- 5
kedelze akravs tikuli ri (tri- Carti, wT.
flifCarts, sadac samuSao adebi), markeri,
cxrilSi or svetad Sesabami- mTel cx-
Camowerilia kiTxvis sobis klasTan rilebi,
saxeebi da maTi maxa- davaleba muSaoba kalmebi
siaTeblebi. jgufebs
urigebs cxrilebs
imave monacemebiT
da sTxovs, amoic-
non, kiTxvis romeli
saxis maxasiaTebelia
TiToeuli maTgani
da daukavSiron Sesa-
bamisad. moswavleTa
pasuxebis safuZvel-
ze ivseba saerTo
cxrili.
5 maswavlebeli sTx- kiTxva- muSaoba maswav- 5 wT
ovs moswavleebs, pasuxi, mTel leblis
gaixsenon, vin aris demon- klasTan mier
aqtiuri mkiTxveli. strire- momza-
moswavleebi pasuxo- ba debuli
ben. maswavlebeli plakati
kedelze akravs wi-
naswar momzadebul
resurss-plakats
(aqtiuri kiTx-
vis strategiebi),
romliTac acnobs
moswavleebs, kidev
ra xerxebs unda
mimarTon aqtiuri
kiTxvisas.

146
 aqtiu r i k iTxvis strategie b i
k iTxv i s k iTxv i s pr o ce sSi k iTxv i s Se m deg
dawye bam de
ra m izn iT dawe ra sw o r ia Ce m i ra v i swav le am
avto rma? va rau d i? teq st iT?
ra Se iZle ba Tqvas te- r ogo r gam ov-
q stSi? iye ne b axa l
ra v iciT am sak iTx i s i n f o rmacias?
Se saxe b?

6 maswavlebeli svams Cumi individ- Tabaxis 12

kiTxvas: rogor kiTxva, ual., furclebze wT.
iqceviT, roca kiTxva- jgufuri dabeWdi-
kiTxvis procesSi pasuxi muSaoba li teqs-
SegxvdebaT ucnobi mTel ti-nawyveti
sityva? klasTan T. kuxian-
moswavleebi pa- iZis pub-
suxoben. licisturi
maswavlebeli mos- werilidan
wavleebs aZlevs `ratom
teqsts wasakiTxad, aRar kiTxu-
romelSic, sa- loben Cveni
varaudod, maTTvis Svilebi
ucnobi sityvebia wignebs?~
gamoyenebuli.
sTxovs, ganmarton
isini TavianTi
sityvebiT, Semdeg
ki amoicnon kon-
teqstis mixedviT.
maswavlebeli svams
kiTxvebs wakiTx-
ulis gasaazreb-
lad. moswavleebi
pasuxoben da ga-
moxataven TavianT
damokidebulebebs
wakiTxulis garSe-
mo

147
7 maswavlebeli erTwina- jgufebi feradi 3
sTxovs moswav- dadebiani baraTebi, wT
leebs, Seajamon reziume kalmebi
gakveTilis Zir-
iTadi sakiTxebi
erTwinadadebiani
reziumeTi.
8 maswavlebeli dakvirveba muSaoba Sefasebis 5
akeTebs saerTo mTel rubrika, wT
saklaso ganmavi- klasTan TviTSefase-
Tarebel Sefasebas, bis kiTx-
moswavleebi avse- vari
ben TviTSefasebis
kiTxvars.
9 saSinao davaleba. axsna- muSaoba saSinao 1
maswavlebeli mos- ganmarteba mTel davalebis wT.
wavleebs aZlevs klasTan rveulebi,
arCevanis saSuale- kalmebi
bas:
· miswereT werili
megobars, romel-
Sic urCevT, ratom
unda waikiTxos
esa Tu is wigni; ·
moamzadeT sayvare-
li wignis reklama.

gakveTilis bolos misaRwevi Sedegi:

moswavlem imsjela kiTxvis mniSvnelobaze,
amoicno kiTxvis saxeebi da maTi maxasiaTeblebi,
waikiTxa teqsti (nawyveti publicisturi werili-
dan) da gamoxata Tavisi damokidebuleba wakiTxulis
mimarT, gamoiyena kiTxvis sxvadasxva strategia.
Sesabamisoba esg-sTan
qarT. VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva sax-
is mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaaz-
reba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damok-

148
idebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
• kiTxulobs mxatvrul da aramxatvrul teqstebs
sxvadasxva mizniT;
• gamoaqvs daskvnebi mTliani teqstis an misi mon-
akveTis safuZvelze;
• asaxelebs sayvarel wigns, mwerals, personaJs
da ganmartavs Tavis arCevans.
qarT. VII. 10. moswavles SeuZlia kiTxvis miznis
Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyeneba.
• wignis gacnobis mizniT iyenebs gacnobiTi kiTx-
vis xerxebs (ecnoba avtors, wignis saTaurs;
kiTxulobs anotacias, epigrafs, sarCevs; aTva-
lierebs ilustraciebs);
• iyenebs sxvadasxva strategias SeswavliTi kiTx-
vis dros ucnobi sityvis mniSvnelobis gasage-
bad (konteqsts, sityvaTa agebulebis codnas,
leqsikons).
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis rubrika
kriteriumi naklebad nawilobriv srulad
mxatvruli da moswavle moswavle moswavle sru-
aramxatvruli ver axerxebs nawilobriv lad axerxebs
teqstis sxva- waikiTxos axerxebs waikiTxos
dasxva mizniT teqsti waikiTxos teqsti sxva-
wakiTxva da sxvadasxva teqsti sxva- dasxva mizniT.
mis mimarT sa- mizniT, ver dasxva mizniT, srulad
kuTari damok- gamoxatavs nawilobriv gamoxatavs sa-
idebulebis sakuTar gamoxatavs sa- kuTar damok-
gamoxatva damok- kuTar damok- idebulebas
idebulebas idebulebas wakiTxulis
wakiTxulis wakiTxulis mimarT.
mimarT. mimarT.

149
kiTxvis saxee- moswavle nawilobriv moswavle sru-
bisa da maTi ver amoic- amoicnobs lad amoic-
maxasiaTe- nobs kiTxvis kiTxvis sax-nobs kiTxvis
blebis amoc- saxeebsa da eebs, maTs max-saxeebs, maTs
noba maTs maxasi- asiaTeblebs . maxasiaTe-
aTeblebs. blebs
kiTxvis moswavle ver moswavle moswavle sru-
strategiebis iyenebs kiTx- nawilobriv lad iyenebs
gamoyeneba uc- vis strate- iyenebs kiTx- kiTxvis
nobi sityvis giebs ucno- vis strate- strategiebs
mniSvnelobis bi sityvis giebs ucnobi ucnobi si-
gasagebad mniSvnelobis sityvis mniSvn- tyvis mniSvne-
gasagebad. elobis gasage- lobis gasage-
bad. bad.
msjeloba da moswavle ver moswavle sru- moswavle
daskvnebis ayalibebs sa- lad ver ayal- dasabuTeb-
gamotana kuTar azrs, ibebs sakuTar ulad ayal-
ver gamoaqvs azrs, uWirs ibebs sakuTar
daskvnebi daskvnebis azrs, gamoa-
gamotana qvs saTanado
daskvnebi

moswavlis TviTSefaseba
k r i te r iu m i Zl i r i m xa re? su st i m xa re
(ra gam o m d i s (ra u n da gavau m-
ka rga d) jo be s o?)
sagakveTi l o pr o-
ce sSi Ca rTu l o ba

m o naw i le o ba jgu-
fuu r aqt iv o be bSi

xelmowera: m. kvaracxelia
TariRi: 23.04. 2018

150
 gakveTilis gegma N 3

maswavleblis saxeli, gvari: marine kvaracxelia

sagani: qarTuli ena da literatura
swavlebis safexuri/klasi: sabazo/me-7 klasi
moswavleTa raodenoba: 9 (sssm moswavle ar aris)
Tema: sainformacio teqstebi
gakveTilis mizani:
moswavlem:
• waikiTxos sainformacio teqstebi;
• Seadaros teqstebi erTmaneTs da aRmoaCinos ms-
gavseba-gansxvavebebi;
• amokribos informacia da daajgufos sxvadasxva
niSnis mixedviT;
• gamoiyenos kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisi strategia.
Tavi _ rogor vikiTxoT sainformacio da sas-
wavlo literatura, saxelmZRvanelo _ me-7 klasi,
qarTuli ena da literatura,
avtorebi: v. rodonaia, a. arabuli, m. xuciSvili

# aqt iv o b i s aRwe ra meTo d i/ k las i s saswav l o dro

meTo de b i o rga- re su rse b i
n ize b i s
f o rme-
bi
1 maswav le be l i ve rba lu- mTe l Tva l sa- 3 wT.
e sa l me ba k lass, r i axsna, k lasTan Ci n oe b-
m o swav lee bs axse n- de m o n- muSa o ba aq cev i s
e bs q cev i s we se bs, str i re ba we se b i,
acn o bs gakveTi l i s Se fase b i s
m izne bs, acn o bs ru br ika
Se fase b i s f o rme b-
sa da ru br ikas.

151
2 maswav le be l i sTx- ana l iz i mTe l m o swav le- 4 wT
ovs m o swav lee bs k lasTan Ta na mu-
saSi na o dava le b i s muSa o ba Sev re b i
preze ntaci as. e r-
Ti-o r i m o swav le
wa rm oa dge ns Tav i s
na muSeva rs. mas-
wav le be l i aZlevs
ganmav iTa re be l
k o me nta rs
3 maswav le be l i go ne br iv i mTe l f l i fCa r- 4 wT
sva m s k iTxvas: ra ie r iSi, k lasTan t i, ma rk-
t i p i s teq ste bs k iTxva-pa- muSa o ba e r i
i cn o bT? su x i
Se m deg ke de lze
ak ravs f l i fCa rts.
m o swav lee b-
ma f l i fCa rtze
Ca m o we r i l JanrTa-
gan u n da a m o i cn o n
sa i n f o rmaci o
teq ste b i:
Se m deg maswav le be-
l i sva m s k iTxve bs:
• ra m izn iT vk iTx-
u l o bT sa i n f o r-
maci o teq ste bs?
• r ogo r f iq r o bT,
r ogo r u n da wav-
ik iTx oT i s i n i?
m o swav lee b i pa-
su x o be n.

152
4 maswav le be l i m o s- va rau de b i s mTe l su raTe b i 3 wT.
wav lee bs m i ma r- ga m oTq ma, k lasTan
Tavs, r o m i s i n i k iTxva-pa- muSa o ba
dRe s wa ik iTxave n su x i
teq sts aqt iu r i
k iTxv i s strat-
egie b i s ga m oy-
e ne b iT. wak iTx-
va m de k i u n da
ga m o i cn o n Te ma.
ek ranze aCve ne bs
su raTs, r o me l-
ze c ga m o saxu l ia
y av i s xe. sTx-
ovs ga m oTqvan
va rau de b i, ra
mce na re a ga m o sax-
u l i su raTze. Tu
ve r ga m o i cn o be n,
maswav le be l i
aZlevs m i n iSne be bs
an aCve ne bs k i dev
e rT su raTs.
m o swav lee b i ga-
m o i cn o be n ga-
kveTi l i s Te mas
da gansazRv rave n
teq st i s k iTxv i s
m izans
5 k iTxv i s dawye ba m- go ne br iv i mTe l Se savse b i 3 wT.
de maswav le be- ie r iSi k lasTan sqe ma,
l i m o swav lee bs muSa o ba ma rke r i
sTavaz o bs sqe mas,
r o me lSi c m o swav-
lee b i gana lage-
be n i n f o rmacias
teq stSi m o ce mu l i
maTTv i s u cn o b i
s i tyv i s Se saxe b.
moswavleebi cdi-
loben, amoicnon
sityvis mniSvneloba,
Semdeg amowmeben
kiTxvis procesSi
konteqstis mixedviT

153
6 maswav le be l i v i ci- i n d i- saxe l mZ- 10
m o swav lee bs m i n da v i du a Rvane l o, wT.
sTx ovs, wa ik iTx- v i co de- lu ra d, sa i n f o r-
o n saxe l mZRvane- v i swav le, mTe l maci o
l oSi m o ce mu l i k iTxva-pa- k lasTan teq st i
teq st i y avaze su x i, Cu m i muSa o ba (goge b-
(goge baSv i l i s k iTxva aSv i l i s
m i xe dv iT). m i xe dv iT),
k iTxv i s dawye ba m- f l i fCa r-
de maswav le be l i t i, ma rk-
sva m s k iTxve bs: eri
• ra m izn iT daw-
e ra avt o rma e s
teq st i?
• ra Se iZle ba
Tqvas avt o rma?
• ra i ciT y avaze?
(ivse ba sqe m i s
p i rve l i sve t i)
• ra axa l i i n-
f o rmaci i s
gage ba gi n daT a m
sak iTx i s Se saxe b?
(ivse ba sqe m i s
me o re sve t i)
maswav le be l i
uTiTe bs, r o m
k iTxv i s pr o ce s-
Si sakuTa r Tavs
dau svan Sek iTxva:
ma rTl de ba Ce m i
va rau d i?
• m o swav lee b i
k iTxu l o be n
teq sts. k iTxv i s
dasru le b i s Se m-
deg ivse ba sqe m i s
me sa me sve t i.

154
7 maswav le be l i ve n i s d i- jgu- Ta bax i s 8 wT
ay a l i be bs o r agra ma, T fu r i fu r c le b-
jgu fs. sTx ovs, d iagra ma muSa o ba ze da beW-
wa ik iTx o n k i dev dili
e rTi teq st i teq ste b i,
y avaze (sxva dasxva sqe me b i,
teq st i) da aZlevs ka l me b i,
i nstruq cias: jgu f i s
1-l i jgu f i s m ie r
dava le ba: wa ik iTx- m o mza-
eT teq st i da de bu l i
Se a da reT preze nta-
p i rve l teq sts. cie b i
aRm oaCi neT m s-
gavse ba-gansxvave-
be b i.
me-2 jgu f i s
dava le ba: wa ik iTx-
eT teq st i da
a m o i we reT sqe maSi
y av i s da de b iTi da
u a ry o f iTi maxas i-
aTe b le b i. jgu fe b i
wa rm oa dge ne n Tav-
ianT na muSev re bs.
maswav le be l i
akeTe bs sae rTo
ganmav iTa re be l
Se fase bas jgu-
fu r i sa muSa o s
Se saxe b.

155
8 maswav le be l i m o s- v i de o s muSa o ba https://www. 5 wT
wav lee bs uCve ne bs Cve ne ba, mTe l youtube.
v i de o s, r o me lSi c e rTs i tyv i- k lasTan co m/
pr o fe s i o na l i an i rez i- watch?v=Iw_
eq i me b i gvaZlev- u me FsN5AzQ
e n rCeve bs y av i s fe ra d i
Se saxe b. jgu f- ba raTe b i
Si wak iTxu l i da
m o sme n i l i i n-
f o rmacia, aseve,
dae mate ba sqe m i s
me sa me sve ts.
maswav le be l i sTx-
ovs m o swav lee bs,
m o i f iq r o n e rTi
s i tyva, r o me l i c
yve laze ukeT Se a-
ja me bs gakveTi l s
da dawe r o n fe ra d
ba raTe bze.
9 maswav le be l i i nstruqta- muSa o ba me-7 1 wT
m o swav lee bs Ji mTe l k las i s
aZlevs saSi na o k lasTan saxe l mZR-
dava le baswa ik iTx- vane l o (v.
o n saxe l mZRvane- r o d o na ia,
l oSi m o ce mu l i a. a ra bu-
teq st i (SoTa l i,
ZiZigu r i s `e n i s m.xu ciSv i-
wa rm oSo ba~,gv. 198) l i)
strategi i s -v i ci-
m i n da-v i co de-v i s-
wav le-ga m oy-
e ne b iT. m oa mza d o n
Tan da rTu l k iTx-
ve bze pasu xe b i.
10 maswav le be l i dakv i rve ba muSa o ba Se fase b i s 4 wT
aja me bs gakveTi l s, mTe l ru br ike b i
akeTe bs sae rTo k lasTan
sak las o ganmav i-
Ta re be l Se fase bas
ru br ike b i s m i xe d-
v iT.

156
 gakveTilis bolos misaRwevi Sedegi:
moswavlem:
• waikiTxos sainformacio teqstebi;
• Seadaros teqstebi erTmaneTs da aRmoaCinos
msgavseba-gansxvavebebi;
• amokribos informacia da daajgufos sxvadasx-
va niSnis mixedviT;
• gamoiyena kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisi strategia.

Sesabamisoba esg-sTan:
qarT. VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia aramxatvruli
teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT saku-
Tari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
• kiTxulobs teqsts garkveuli informaciis
moZiebis mizniT;
• amokrebs informacias diferencirebulad da
ajgufebs mas sxvadasxva niSnis mixedviT;
• poulobs msgavseba-gansxvavebas teqstSi war-
modgenil movlenebs, faqtebs Soris

qarT. VII. 10. moswavles SeuZlia kiTxvis miznis

Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyeneba.
• iyenebs sxvadasxva strategias SeswavliTi
kiTxvis dros ucnobi sityvis mniSvnelobis gasage-
bad (konteqsts, sityvaTa agebulebis codnas, le-
qsikons).

157
 danarTi
Sefaseba _ wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba

k r i te r iu m i nak le ba d naw i l o br iv sru la d

m xatv ru l i da ve r axe rxe bs naw i l o br iv sru la d
a ram xatv ru l i wa ik iTx o s axe rxe bs axe rxe bs
teq st i s sxva- teq st i sxva- wa ik iTx o s wa ik iTx o s
dasxva m izn iT dasxva m izn iT teq st i teq st i
wak iTxva sxva dasxva sxva dasxva
m izn iT m izn iT
i n f o rmaci i s ve r axe rxe bs naw i l o br iv sru la d
am ok re ba da i n f o rmaci i s axe rxe bs axe rxe bs
dajgu fe ba sx- am ok re bas da i n f o rmaci i s i n f o rmaci i s
va dasxva n iSn i s dajgu fe bas am ok re bas da am ok re bas da
m i xe dv iT sxva dasxva dajgu fe bas dajgu fe bas
n iSn i s m i xe d- sxva dasx- sxva dasx-
v iT va n iSn i s va n iSn i s
m i xe dv iT m i xe dv iT
teq ste bSi m s- ve r p ou l o bs naw i l o br iv sru la d
gavse ba-gansx- m sgavse ba- p ou l o bs p ou l o bs
vave be b i s aRm o- gansxvave be bs m sgavse- m sgavse-
Ce na teq ste bSi ba-gansx- bagansx-
wa rm o dge n i l, vave be bs vave be bs
m ov le ne bs, teq ste bSi teq ste bSi
faqte bs So- wa rm o dge- wa rm o dge-
ris n i l, m ov- n i l, m ov le n-
le ne bs, e bs, faqte bs
faqte bs So r i s
So r i s
k iTxv i s strat- ve r iye ne bs naw i l o- sru la d
egie b i s gam oy- k iTxv i s br iv iye ne bs iye ne bs
e ne ba u cn o b i strategie bs k iTxv i s k iTxv i s
s i tyv i s m n iSvn- u cn o b i s i- strategie bs strategie bs
e l o b i s gasage- tyv i s m n iSvne- u cn o b i s i- u cn o b i s i-
ba d l o b i s gasage- tyv i s m n iS- tyv i s m n iS-
ba d. vne l o b i s vne l o b i s
gasage ba d gasage ba d.

158
 jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis sqema

k r i te r iu m i daba l i saSua l o maRa l i

jgu f i s wev- jgu f i s jgu f i s m x- jgu f i s
re b i s Ca rTu- wev rTa u m- o l o d ram- yve la wev r i
l o ba rav le s o ba de n i me wev r ia aqt iu ra daa
pas iu r ia aqt iu ra d Ca r- Ca rTu l i
Tu l i muSa o- muSa o baSi
baSi
TanamSr o m- jgu f i s jgu f i s e r- jgu f i s
l o ba wev re bs a ra v re b i TanamS- wev re b i
aqvT TanamS- r o m l o be n aqt iu ra d
romlobis e rTmaneTTan, TanamSr o m-
u na r i, a r Tu mca z ogje r l o be n e rT-
u sme ne n, kam- a r iz ia re be n maneTTan,
aTo be n, rac e rTmaneTi s iz ia re be n
i wvevs kamaTs azre bs e rTmaneTi s
azre bs
jgu f i s m ie r samuSa o a raa samuSa o o r- samuSa o
samuSa o s o r- o rgan ize bu- gan ize bu l ia, o rgan ize bu-
gan ize ba l i, jgu f i s magram jgu f i s l ia, jgu f i s
wev re bs So- wev re bs So- wev re bs So-
r i s samuSa o r i s samuSa o r i s samuSa o
a raa ganaw- a raTanabra daa Tanbra daa
i le bu l i ganaw i le bu l i ganaw i le bu-
li
d r o i s l i m- jgu f i s jgu f i s wev- jgu f i s wev-
i t i s dacva wev re b i re b i TiTq m i s re b i sru-
ve r i cave n i cave n d r o i s la d i cave n
d r o i s l i m- l i m i ts d r o i s l i m-
i ts i ts

xelmowera: m. kvaracxelia
TariRi: 24.04.2018.

11. r. f i f i a 159
 gakveTilis gegma N 4

maswavlebeli: marine kvaracxelia sagani: qar-

Tuli ena da literatura swavlebis safexuri/klasi:
sabazo/me-7 klasi moswavleTa raodenoba: 9 (sssm
moswavle ar aris)
Tema: sainformacio-SemecnebiTi teqsti `enis
warmoSoba~ (SoTa ZiZiguri). faqti da Sefaseba ga-
kveTilis mizani - moswavlem:
• mosmenil informaciaSi ganasxvavos faqts mo-
sazrebisagan (Sefasebisgan);
• amoicnos da gamoiyenos Sefasebis gamomxatveli
sityvebi;
• moamzados zepiri gamosvla da warmoadginos
auditoriis winaSe;
• jgufTan erTad Seqmnas resursi/TvalsaCinoeba.
Tavi - rogor vikiTxoT saswavlo da sainforma-
cio literatura
saxelmZRvanelo - me-7 klasi, qarTuli ena da
literatura, v. rodonaia, a. arabuli, m. xuciSvili

N aqt iv o b i s aR- meTo d i/ k las i s saswav l o dro

we ra meTo de b i o rga- re su rse b i
n ize b i s
f o rme b i
1 maswav le be l i ve rba lu- mTe l pr o- 3 wT.
e sa l me ba k lass, r i axsna, k lasTan eqto r i,
acn o bs gakveTi- de m o n- muSa o ba le pto p i,
l i s Te mas, str i re ba q cev i s
m izne bs, Se fase- we se b i,
b i s ru br ikas; Se fase b i s
axse ne bs q cev i s ru br ika
we se bs.

160
2 m o swav leTa gam o wvev i s de m o n- mTe l pr o- 3
m izn iT maswav le be l i str i re ba, k lasTan eqto- wT.
xatavs saq a rTve l o s k iTxva-pa- muSa o ba r i,
e r ovnu l d r oSas da su x i le p-
svam s k iTxve bs: to p i/
• r o me l i fe re b ia gam- dafa,
oye ne bu l i Cve ns d r o- ma rk-
Saze? eri
• ra f igu re b ia gam o sax-
u l i masze?
• ram de n i d i d i da ram-
de n i pata ra jva r ia
gam o saxu l i?
• ra azr i s xa rT Cve ns
d r oSaze? SeafaseT,
r ogo r ia Tqve n i dam ok-
i de bu le ba m i s m i ma rT?
maswav le b l i s daxma re-
b iT, m o swav lee b i iazre-
be n, r o m maT daasaxe le s
faqte b i sa da m o sazre-
be b i s Se mcve l i w i na-
da de be b i.

3 maswav le be l i k lass ve rba l- mTe l le pto- 5

uCve ne bs (ek ran i, f l i f- uri k lasTan p i, wT.
Ca rt i) sa i n f o rmaci o axsna, muSa o ba pr o-
teq st i dan am ok re b i l de m o n- eqto-
f raze bs (de dam i waze str i re ba r i/
aTas o b iT e naa; sagans f l i f-
saxe l i m i s i bu ne b i s Se- Ca rt i
sabam i sa d dae rqva; Cve n
vxe davT, ra u su su r ia
e s m o sazre ba), r o me lTa
safuZve lze u xsn i s, r o m
faqt i asaxavs. o b ieqtu r
rea l o bas, ra i me a rse-
bu l See xe du le bas, r o m-
le bsac z ogje r ax lavs
Se fase be b i (da de b iTi,
ua ry o f iTi)

161
4 maswav le be l i m o swav- k iTxva- muSa o- f l i fCa r- 5
lee bs sTx ovs, f l i f- pasu x i ba mTe l t i, ma rk- wT.
Ca rtze dawe r i l w i na- k lasTan eri
da de be bSi am o i cn o n
faqt i sa da Se fase b i s
gam o m xatve l i w i na-
da de be b i, gam oy o n i s
s i tyve b i, r o m le b i c
gam o xatave n avto rTa
dam ok i de bu le be bs.
maswav le be l i sTx ovs
ga i xse n o n, ra hqv ia
aseT s i tyve bs. mas-
wav le be l i Se m o xazavs
ganke rZoe bu l s i tyve b-
sa da da gam oTq me bs.
maswav le be l i svam s
k iTxve bs:
• w i na da de b i s ra a dgi-
las dgas Ca rTu l i?
• ra sasve n i n iSn iT/n iS-
ne b iTaa gam oy o f i l i
w i na da de b i s wev re b i-
sgan?
m o swav lee b i daakv i r d-
e b ian Ca rTu l i s a dg-
ils
w i na da de baSi da sasve n
n iSne bs masTan, ga-
m o i tane n daskvne bs am
sak iTxTan dakavSi re-
b iT.

162
5 maswav le be l i jgu fe bs praq- jgu fu r i f l i f- 10
sTavaz o bs dava le bas, t iku l i muSa o ba Ca rt i, wT
m oamza d o n re su r- samuSa o, ma rke re b i,
s i-p lakat i/Tva l saC- s i nTez i su raTe b i,
i n oe ba teq st i s (`e n i s fe ra d i
wa rm oSo ba~) m i xe dv iT. ba raTe b i,
awv d i s i nstruq cias: we b o
ga i xse neT teq st i s
sakvanZo sak iTxe b i, ga-
m o iye neT maswav le b l i s
SeTavaze bu l i masa le b i
(su raTe b i, ma rke re b i,
fe ra d i q aRa l de b i...),
Tez i se b i s sax iT, sqe-
matu ra d, ne b i sm ie r i
sasu rve l i f o rm iT
wa rm oa dgi neT teq stSi
m o ce mu l i Zi r iTa d i
i n f o rmacia, wa rm oa dg-
i neT Tqve n i re su rs i s
preze ntacia, r o me l-
sac Seafase bs k las i.
6 jgu f i s m ie r Se rCeu l i preze nta- i n d i- jgu fe- 5
m o swav lee b i wa rm oa d- cia v i dua l. b i s m ie r wT.
ge ne n Tav ianTi jgu fe- preze n- m o mza-
b i s namuSev re bs tato r i de bu l i
Tva l sa-
Ci n oe ba,
magn i te b i
7 maswav le be l i sTx ovs i n- muSa o- Se fase b i s 8
k lass, Seafas o s prez- struqta- ba mTe l sqe ma wT
e ntato re b i da jgu f i s Ji, k iTx- k lasTan
namuSev re b i. awv d i s va-pasu x i
i nstruq cias, r o m ga-
m o iye n o n Se fase b i s ga-
m o m xatve l i s i tyve b i.
m o swav lee b i afase be n
preze ntato re bs.
maswav le be l i da
m o swav lee b i k iTxve b-
ze pasu xe b i s gace m iT
ajame be n sak iTxs.

163
8. maswav le be l i akeTe bs axsna- muSa o- Se fase b i s 15
sae rTo sak las o ganma- ganma rte- ba mTe l ru br ike b i, wT
v iTa re be l Se fase bas. ba,3-2-1 k lasTan ba raTe b i
m o swav lee b i ajame be n samuSa o,
gakveTi l s strategi- s i nTez i
i s-`3-2-1~- gam oye ne b iT.
3 m n iSvne l ovan i ram,
rac gav ige am teq s-
t i dan; 2 s i tyva, r o m-
le b i c Ce m s ganwy o bas
gam o xatavs; 1 Sek iTxva
maswav le be l s.
9 saSi na o dava le ba. i n- muSa o- saSi na o 1
maswav le be l i m o swav- struqtaJi ba mTe l dava le b i s wT.
lee bs aZlevs a rCev- k lasTan rveu le b i
an i s saSua le bas: daw-
e reT e se.
gam o iye neT Se fase b i s
gam o m xatve l i s i tyve b i
da gam oTq me b i.
• r ogo r Sevayva r oT
bavSve bs k iTxva?
• ra a r i s Za la d o ba?

gakveTilis bolos misaRwevi Sedegi:

moswavlem:
• ganasxvava faqti mosazrebisagan (Sefasebisgan);
• amoicno da gamoiyena Sefasebis gamomxatveli
sityvebi;
• zepiri gamosvliT wardga auditoriis winaSe;
• jgufTan erTad Seqmna resursi/TvalsaCinoeba.

Sesabamisoba esg-sTan:
qarT. VII. 1. moswavles SeuZlia ucnobi infor-
maciis Semcveli teqstebis mosmena da zepiri infor-
maciis warmodgena auditoriis winaSe.

164
 • mosmenil informaciaSi ganasxvavebs faqtebs
damokidebulebebisagan (Sefasebebisgan);
• amzadebs zepir gamosvlas da warmoadgens audi-
toriis winaSe;
• sagangebod qmnis da saTanadod iyenebs Sesaf-
eris vizualur masalas (plakats, sqemas an sxva
TvalsaCinoebas).

qarT. VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa me-

tyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amoca-
nis gaTvaliswinebiT.
• msjelobs imis Sesaxeb, moewona Tu ara (da ra-
tom) Tanaklaselis mier warmodgenili infor-
macia.

qarT. VII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia zepirmetyvelebis

ZiriTadi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis amocnoba da ga-
moyeneba.
• amoicnobs da iyenebs Sefasebis (damok-
idebulebis) gamomxatvel sityvebs.

qarT. VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva sax-

is mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaaz-
reba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damok-
idebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
• kiTxulobs mxatvrul da aramxatvrul teqstebs
sxvadasxva mizniT;
• amoicnobs wakiTxul teqstSi mTavar azrs
(ideas), ganasxvavebs faqtebs Sefasebebisgan.

165
 Sefaseba
prezentaciis Sefasebis sqema

kriteriumi qula
saubrobs konkretul Temaze 1
saubrobs damajereblad 2
saubrobs Tanmimdevrulad 2
flobs auditorias 2
icavs saliteraturo enis normebs. 2
icavs d r o is l i m its 1
jamu r i qu la 10

jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis sqema

k r i te r iu m i daba l i saSua l o maRa l i

jgu f i s wev- jgu f i s jgu f i s m x- jgu f i s
re b i s Ca rTu- wev rTa u m- o l o d ram- yve la wev r i
l o ba rav le s o ba de n i me wev r ia aqt iu ra daa
pas iu r ia aqt iu ra d Ca r- Ca rTu l i
Tu l i muSa o- muSa o baSi
baSi
TanamSr o m- jgu f i s jgu f i s e r- jgu f i s
l o ba wev re bs a ra v re b i TanamS- wev re b i
aqvT TanamS- r o m l o be n aqt iu ra d
romlobis e rTmaneTTan, TanamSr o m-
u na r i, a r Tu mca z ogje r l o be n e rT-
u sme ne n, kam- a r iz ia re be n maneTTan,
aTo be n, rac e rTmaneTi s iz ia re be n
i wvevs kamaTs azre bs e rTmaneTi s
azre bs

166
jgu- samuSa o a raa samuSa o o r- samuSa o
f i s m ie r o rgan ize bu l i, gan ize bu l ia, o rgan i-
samuSa o s jgu f i s wev re bs magram jgu f i s ze bu l ia,
o rgan ize ba So r i s samuSa o wev re bs So- jgu f i s
a raa ganaw i le bu- r i s samuSa o wev re bs
li a raTanabra daa So r i s
ganaw i le bu l i samuSa o
Tanbra daa
ganaw i le-
bu l i

drois jgu f i s wev re b i jgu f i s wev re b i jgu f i s

limitis ve r i cave n d r o i s TiTq m i s i cave n wev re b i
dacva l i m i ts d r o i s l i m i ts sru la d
i cave n
drois
l i m i ts

xelmowera: m. kvaracxelia
TariRi: 25.04.2018.

167
 gakveTilis gegma N 5

maswavle be l i: mar i ne kvaracxe l ia sa-

gan i: qarTu l i e na da l ite ratu ra swavle b is
safe xu r i/k las i: sabaz o/me-7 k las i m o swavleTa
rao de n o ba: 9 (sssm m o swavle ar ar is)
Te ma: nawyvete b i Car lz d ike ns is r o man i dan
`o l ive r tvistis Tavga dasava l i~ gakveTi l is
m izan i - m o swavle m:
wa ik iTx o s nawyvete b i Car lz d ike ns is r o-
man i dan `o l ive r tvistis Tavga dasava l i~,
• ga igo s da ga iazr o s teq sti;
• gam o xato s sakuTar i dam ok i de bu le ba
wak iTxu l is m i marT;
• gam o iye n o s k iTxvis m izn is Sesabam is i
strategia.

N aqt iv o b i s aR- meTo d i/ k las i s o r- saswav l o dro

we ra meTo de b i gan ize b i s re su rse b i
f o rme b i
1 maswav le be- de m o n- mTe l f l i fCa r- 3 wT.
l i e sa l me ba str i re ba, k lasTan t i/pr o-
k lass, axse n- ve rba lu- muSa o ba eqto r i,
e bs q cev i s r i axsna le pto p i,
we se bs; acn o bs q cev i s
gakveTi l i s we se b i,
Te mas, m izne bs, Se fase b i s
Se fase b i s ru- ru br ika
br ike bs.

168
2 maswav le be l i sTx ovs ana l iz i mTe l m o swav le- 4
m o swav lee bs saSi na o k lasTan Ta we r iTi wT.
dava le b i s wa r dge nas. muSa o ba namuSev re-
ram de n i me m o swav le bi
k iTxu l o bs Tav i s
namuSeva rs. maswav-
le be l i aZlevs ukuka-
vSi rs.
3 maswav le be l i m o s- su raTi s mTe l le pto p i, 3
wav lee bs uCve ne bs Cve ne ba, k lasTan pr oeqto- wT.
su raTs, r o me lze go ne- muSa o ba r i, su ra-
day r d n o b iTac m o s- br iv i Ti, dafa,
wav lee b i gam oTqva- ie r iSi ca r ci
me n va rau de bs, Tu
raze Se iZle ba iy o s
teq st i. pasu x o be n
k iTxvas: ra i ciT Za l-
a d o b i s Se saxe b? )
4 maswav le be l i m o s- k o me n- i n d i- Tabax i s 8
wav lee bs u r ige bs t i re bu- v i dua- fu r cle b- wT.
Tabax i s fu r cle b- l i k iTx- lu ra d, ze dabe-
ze dabeWd i l te- va mTe l Wd i l i
q sts-nawyve ts Ca r lz k lasTan teq st i-
d ike ns i s r o man i dan muSa o ba nawyve t i
` o l ive r tv i st i s Ca r lz
Tavga dasava l i~. d ike ns i s
m o swav lee b i k iTx- r o man i dan
u l o be n da ganma r- ` o l ive r
tave n u cn o b s i tyve bs tv i st i s
k o nteq st i s m i xe dv iT. Tavga-
gza dagza keTde ba dasava l i~
k o me nta re b i.

169
5 maswav le be l i ay a l- sqe me bze mci re sqe me b i, 12
i be bs o r jgu fs da muSa o- jgu fe b i ma rke re- wT.
aZlevs dava le bas - ba, i n- (tr ia de- b i, teq s-
Seavs o n sqe me b i: 1-l i struqta- b i) t i-nawyve-
jgu f i - pe rs o naJi s Ji, t i Ca r lz
ruka (mTava r i pe rs o- preze nt- d ike ns i s
naJi s ga re m oe be b i, acia r o man i dan
m oq me de be b i, gan c- ` o l ive r
de b i, grZn o be b i, tv i st i s
f iqre b i, m izne b i), Tavga-
me-2 jgu f i - pe r- dasava l i~
s o naJi s ruka (pe r-
s o naJi s Tv i se be b i
da Se sabam i s i mag-
a l iTe b i teq st i dan),
me-3 jgu f i-(mTava r i
sak iTx i da de ta le b i
teq st i dan). m o swav-
lee b i wa rm oa dge ne n
Tav ianT naSr o me bs.
maswav le be l i akeTe bs
ganmav iTa re be l Se-
fase bas.

170
6 maswav le be l i svam s k iTx- mTe l m o swav le, 5
k iTxve bs: va-pasu x i k lasTan maswav le- wT
• sa d x de ba nawyve tSi muSa o ba be l i
ga d m o ce mu l i m oq-
me de ba?
• r ogo r p i r o be bSi
izr de b ian TavSe sa-
f r i s bavSve b i?
• r i s gam o dasaje s
o l ive r i?
• r ogo r afase bs m i s-
te r bamb l i o l i-
ve r i s q cevas?
• r iT hgvanan e rT-
maneTs m i ste r bamb-
l i da m i s i s man i?
• r ogo r f iqr o bT, ra
pr o b le ma Cans am
nawyve tSi?
• ra wagik iTxavT,
gsme n iaT am Te maze?
gaav leT pa ra le le-
b i.
• r ogo r ia Tqve n i
dam ok i de bu le ba
nawyve tSi wam oW-
r i l i pr o b le m i s
m i ma rT?
• Tqve n r ogo r m o iq-
ce o d iT pe rs o naJi s
a dgi las?

171
7 maswav le be l i sTx ovs e rTs i- mTe l dafa, ca r- 5
m o swav lee bs gaakeTo n tyv ian i k lasTan ci/f l i f- wT
rez iu me-m o i f iqr o n rez iu me, muSa o ba Ca rt i
e rTi s i tyva, r o me- xuT-
l i c yve laze ukeT str iq o-
Seajame bs gakveTi l s. n ian i
m o swav lee b i ka r- leq s i
nax o be n, maswav le-
be l i we rs dafaze,
k las i Sea rCevs e rT
s i tyvas da masze
iq m ne ba xuTstr iq o-
n ian i leq s i.
8 saSi na o dava le ba: i n- mTe l saSi na o 1
maswav le be l i m o swav- struqta- k lasTan dava le b i s wT.
lee bs aZlevs a rCev- Ji, muSa o ba rveu le b i
an i s Se saZle b l o bas: RAFT
1.dawe r o n we r iTi
dava le ba rafTi s
meTo d i s gam oy-
e ne b iT. maswav le be l i
aZlevs i nstruq cias,
ganu sazRv ravs Te mas
(Za la d o ba), r o l i,
au d i to r ia, f o rma
(m o swav leTa a rCevan-
iT),
2.m oamza d o n Te mas-
Tan dakavSi re bu l i
naxate b i.
9 maswav le be l i ajame bs Se fase ba mTe l Se fase b i s 4
gakveTi l s, akeTe bs k lasTan ru br ike b i wT
sae rTo sak las o gan- muSa o ba
mav iTa re be l Se fase-
bas.

172
 gakveTilis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi:
moswavlem waikiTxa nawyvetebi Carlz dikensis
romanidan `oliver tvistis Tavgadasavali~, gaigo da
gaiazra teqsti, gamoxata sakuTari damokidebuleba
wakiTxulis mimarT, gamoiyena kiTxvis miznis Sesa-
bamisi strategia. Sesabamisoba esg-sTan:
qarT. VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva sax-
is mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaaz-
reba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damok-
idebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.

• kiTxulobs mxatvrul da aramxatvrul teqstebs

sxvadasxva mizniT;
• gamoaqvs daskvnebi mTliani teqstis an misi mon-
akveTis safuZvelze;
• axasiaTebs personaJs misi qcevis mixedviT;
• amoicnobs da axsnis mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs
teqstSi asaxul faqtebs, movlenebs Soris.

qarT. VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia kiTxvis miznis

Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyeneba.

• iyenebs sxvadasxva strategias SeswavliTi kiTx-

vis dros ucnobi sityvis mniSvnelobis gasage-
bad.

173
 wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba _ Sefasebis rubrika
k r i te r iu m i 1-3 4-6 7-8 9-10
m xatv ru l i ver ax- naw i- axe rxe bs sru la d
da a ram x- erxebs l o br iv wa ik iTx o s axe rxe bs
atv ru l i waikiTxos axe rxe bs teq st i wa ik iTx o s
teq st i s teqsti wa ik iTx o s sxva dasxva teq st i
sxva dasx- sxvadasxva teq st i m izn iT. sxva dasxva
va m izn iT mizniT sxva dasxva m izn iT.
wak iTxva m izn iT.
teq st- ve r naw i- am o i cn o bs sru la d
Si asaxu l am o i c- l o br iv da xsn i s am o i cn o bs
faqte bs, n o bs ve r am o i cn o bs teq stSi da xsn i s
m ov le ne bs xsn i s da xsn i s asaxu l teq stSi
So r i s m izez- teq stSi teq stSi faqte bs, asaxu l
Se dego br iv i asaxu l asaxu l m ov le n- faqte bs,
kavSi re b i s faqte bs, faqte bs, e bs So r i s m ov le n-
am o cn o ba da m ov le n- m ov le n- m izezSe- e bs So r i s
axsna e bs So r i s e bs So r i s dego br iv m izezSe-
m izezSe- m izezSe- kavSi re bs. dego br iv
dego br iv dego br iv kavSi re bs
kavSi re bs kavSi re bs.

daskvne b i s ve r ga- naw i- gam oaqvs sru la d

gam o tana m oaqvs l o br iv daskvne b i gam oaqvs
mTl ian i daskvne b i gam oaqvs mTl ian i daskvne b i
teq st i s an mTl ian i daskvne b i teq st i s an mTl ian i
m i s i m o n- teq st i s an mTl ian i m i s i m o n- teq st i s an
akveTi s sa- m i s i m o n- teq st i s an akveTi s m i s i m o n-
fuZve lze akveTi s m i s i m o n- safuZve l- akveTi s sa-
safuZve l- akveTi s ze. fuZve lze.
ze. safuZve l-
ze.
pe rs o naJi s ve r axa- naw i- axas iaTe bs sru la d
daxas iaTe ba s iaTe bs l o br iv pe rs o naJs axas iaTe bs
m i s i q cev i s pe rs o naJs axas iaTe bs m i s i q cev- pe rs o naJs
m i xe dv iT m i s i q cev- pe rs o naJs i s m i xe d- m i s i q cev i s
i s m i xe d- m i s i q cev i s v iT. m i xe dv iT.
v iT. m i xe dv iT.

174
k iTxv i s ve r naw i- iye ne bs sru la d
strat- iye ne bs l o br iv k iTxv i s iye ne bs
egie b i s k iTxv i s iye ne bs strat- k iTxv i s
gam oye ne ba strat- k iTxv i s egie bs strat-
u cn o b i s i- egie bs strat- u cn o b i s i- egie bs
tyv i s m n iS- u cn o b i egie bs tyv i s m n iS- u cn o b i
vne l o b i s s i tyv i s u cn o b i vne l o b i s s i tyv i s
gasage ba d m n iSvn- s i tyv i s gasage ba d m n iSvne l o-
elobis m n iSvne l o- b i s gasage-
gasage ba d b i s gasage- ba d
ba d

jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis sqema

k r i tr iu m i daba l i saSua l o maRa l i
jgu f i s jgu f i s jgu f i s m x o l o d jgu f i s yve la
wev re b i s wev rTa u m- ram de n i me wev- wev r i aqt i-
Ca rTu l o ba rav le s o ba r ia aqt iu ra d u ra daa Ca rTu-
pas iu r ia. Ca rTu l i muSa o- l i muSa o baSi.
baSi.
TanamSr o m- jgu f i s jgu f i s wev re b i jgu f i s wev re b i
l o ba wev re bs a r TanamSr o m- aqt iu ra d Ta-
aqvT TanamS- l o be n e rTma- namSr o m l o be n
romlobis neTTan, Tu mca e rTmaneTTan,
u na r i, a r z ogje r a r iz ia re be n e rT-
u sme ne n iz ia re be n e rT- maneTi s azre bs.
e rTmaneTs, maneTi s azre bs.
kamaTo be n,
rac i wvevs
xmau rs.

jgu- samuSa o a raa samuSa o o rgan i- samuSa o o r-

f i s m ie r o rgan ize bu- ze bu l ia, magram gan ize bu l ia,
samuSa o s l i, jgu f i s jgu f i s wev re bs jgu f i s wev re bs
o rgan ize ba wev re bs So- So r i s samuSa o So r i s samuSa o
r i s samuSa o a raTanabra daa Tanabra daa ga-
a raa ganaw- ganaw i le bu l i. naw i le bu l i.
i le bu l i.

175
12. r. f i f i a
drois jgu f i s jgu f i s wev- jgu f i s wev re b i
limitis wev re b i re b i TiTq m i s sru la d icave n
dacva ve r icave n icave n d r o i s d r o i s l i m i ts.
d r o i s l i m- l i m i ts.
i ts.

teqsti
nawyvetebi Carlz dikensis romanidan `oliver
tvistis Tavgadasavali~
pirveli nawyveti
Svidi wlis olivers TxuTmet SimSilisgan da-
sustebul mozardTan erTad eZina. bavSvebs vaxS-
mad, Cveulebriv, wyalwyala Svriis fafa hqondaT.
patarebi magidas mWidrod Semousxdebodnen da Tva-
lis daxamxamebaSi asufTavebdnen jamebs. maT saWme-
li ar hyofnidaT. erTxel kenWi yares, vin etyoda
amis Sesaxeb TavSesafris patrons. es misia olivers
xvda wilad.
oliveri SiSisagan kankalebda. saSinel siCu-
mes drodadro misi fexis xma arRvevda. `madloba
RmerTs, me ar momiwia amis gakeTeba~, -ikiTxeboda
TiToeuli bavSvis TvalebSi.
rogorc iqna, biWma mister bamblamde miaRwia.
TavSesafris patroni ise uyurebda, rogorc mwers,
romelsac siamovnebiT gasresda.
oliverma Tavi gaimxneva da Zlivs waiCurCula:
_ gTxovT, mister, kidev cota...
mister bamblma Tvalebi gadmokarkla da gacofe-
bulma dauRriala:
_ rogor bedav?!-xeli uxeSad mohkida da bnel
sardafSi Caketa.
gamwarebulma oliverma misi sityvebi gaigona:
arasdros aravis mouTxovia zedmeti ulufa! es biWi
namdvili avazakia!

176
 meore nawyveti
im dRes, rodesac oliver tvisti cxra wlisa
Sesrulda, erTi fermkrTali, gamxdari, avadmyofu-
ri Sesaxedaobis bavSvi iyo, magram bunebam oliveris
gulSi sikeTis marcvlebi daTesa da isinic Tavisu-
flad izrdeboda.
oliveri Tavis mecxre dabadebis dRes or ax-
algazrda jentlmenTan erTad qvanaxSiris Sesanaxad
gankuTvnil sardafSi atarebda - samiveni gvarianad
garozges, radgan gabedes da daiCivles, gvSiao .
dawesebulebis mmarTveli, misis mani, gaakvirva mis-
ter bamblis moulodnelma vizitma.
_ raki oliver tvisti wamoizarda da aq misi da-
toveba ar SeiZleba, sabWom misi ukan, Sromis saxlSi,
gadayvana daadgina. mis wasayvanad var mosuli. rac
SeiZleba swrafad moiyvaneT.
_ axlave moviyvan, _ Tqva misis manma da oTaxi-
dan gavida.
oliver tvisti, romelsac amasobaSi erTi daban-
is wyalobiT saxidan da xelebidan WuWyis zeda fena
Camoaciles, misma sayvarelma aRmzrdelma misaReb
oTaxSi Semoiyvana.
_ jentlmens miesalme, oliver, -Tqva misis man-
ma.
oliverma Tavi daukra rogorc skamze mjdar
bambls, ise magidaze dadebul samkuTxa quds.
_ ginda CemTan erTad wamoxvide, oliver? _
medidurad SeekiTxa mister bambli. oliveri mzad
iyo eTqva, rom visac ginda gahyveba, oRond aqedan
wavides, magram Tvalebi aswia Tu ara, mister bamb-
lis skamis ukan mdgari misis manis mrisxane mzeras
waawyda, romelmac muqaris niSnad muSti daanaxva.
oliveris sxeulze am muSts xSirad dautovebia kva-
li da, Sesabamisad, kargadac CaebeWda gonebaSi misi
177
mniSvneloba.
puris yuiT xelSi, Tavze yavisferi naWris qu-
diT, oliveri mister bambalma im sazizRari saxlidan
waiyvana, sadac am wlebSi arc erTi alersiani sityva,
alersiani mzerac ar Rirsebia, maSinac ki, rodesac
kotejis WiSkari oliveris zurgs ukan daixura. misi
bavSvuri wuxili gulSi Rrmad iyo Camarxuli. oli-
veris ubedurebis Tanamonawile bavSvebi, marTalia,
ase Sesabralisebi iyvnen, magram isini maTi erTad-
erTi megobrebi gaxldnen da uzarmazar samyaroSi
martod darCenis grZnobam patara biWi SeZra.

xelmowera: m. kvaracxelia
TariRi: 26.04.2018.

178
samodelo (integrirebuli) proeqtgakveTilis gegma
proeqtgakveTilis prezentaciis TariRi: 08. 06.2017

gakveTilis Tema nodar dumbaZis `xazarula~

sagnebi qarTuli ena da literatura, saxviTi

da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba

pedagogi marine kvaracxelia

swavlebis safexuri/ dawyebiTi, me-6 klasi
klasi

mosw. profili 9 moswavle. klasSi sssm moswavle ar

aris
problemis gansazRvra me-6 klasis moswavleebi kiTxuloben
da misi aqtualobis mxatvrul teqstebs, magram umravle-
dasabuTeba soba kiTxvis procesSi ar icavs in-
tonacias sasveni niSnebis gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT. moswavleTa mier
wakiTxuli teqsti aris erTferovani,
monotonuri. isini ar gadmoscemen
nawarmoebSi gadmocemul emociebs. es
xels uSlis moswavleebs mxatvruli
teqstis srulyofilad aRqmasa da
gaazrebaSi. am problemis gadaWris
efeqturi saSualebaa roluri Tama-
Si. nawarmoebis mixedviT speqtaklis
dadgma, personaJis rolis morge-
ba daexmareba moswavleebs teqstis
daswavlaSi, gamometyvelebiTi kiTx-
vis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebasa da
daxvewaSi, mxatvrul teqstSi asaxuli
problemis gaazrebaSi. garda amisa,
klasSi aris komunikaciis proble-
ma. moswavleebis TanamSromlobis
xarisxi dabalia, xSirad iqmneba
konfliqturi situaciebi. proeqt-
gakveTilze muSaoba moswavleebs
socialuri unarebs ganuviTarebs.

179
 proeqtgakveTilis • moswavlem Seiswavlos nodar dumba-
mizani Zis `xazarula~ da teqstSi asaxuli
emociebis gamoxatviTa da inton-
aciis gamoyenebiT warmoadginos
speqtakli.
• moswavleebs ganuviTardeT Semoq-
medebiTi, komunikaciisa da praqti-
kuli unar-Cvevebi.

Sesabamisoba qarTuli ena da literatura.

esg-sTan mis- mimarTuleba-kiTxva qarT. VI.6.
aRwevi Sede- moswavles SeuZlia waukiTxos msme-
gebi nels teqsti/nawyveti.
• intonaciiT gamoxatavs teqstSi asaxul
emociebs; · iyenebs intonacias sasveni niS-
nebis funqciiT. saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi
xelovneba mimarTuleba: SemoqmedobiTobisa
da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba
s.g.VI.5. moswavles SeuZlia dagegmos da
Seasrulos sxvadasxva saxis samuSao.
• Teatraluri warmodgenebisTvis xatavs
martivi dekoraciebis eskizebs da monawil-
eobs maT damzadebaSi.
s.g.VI.6. moswavles SeuZlia gundSi muSaoba
SemoqmedebiTi da saorganizacio probleme-
bis gadasaWrelad.
• anawilebs gundSi funqciebs/movaleobebs;
• iTvaliswinebs da iyenebs gundelis Sesa-
Zleblobebs;
• iTxovs daxmarebas da TanamSromlobs
sxvebTan konkretuli SemoqmedebiTi prob-
lemis gadaWrisas.
mimarTuleba: komunikacia da interpretacia
s.g.VI.9. moswavles SeuZlia dagegmos da monaw-
ileoba miiRos sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebaSi.
• monawileobs speqtaklis dadgmaSi.

winare codna moswavleebma ician teqsti, aqvT Semoqmedeb-

iTi unarebi

180
saklaso mene- gamowveva aqtivoba 1. ganwyobis gamoxatva
jmenti (ferad webovan qaRaldebze kacunebis daxat-
viT) - 1 wT.
aqtivoba 2. Temis, miznisa da Sefasebis
meTodebis gacnoba - 2 wT aqtivoba 3. emo-
ciebis amocnoba (slaidebi) – 3 wT.
aqtivobis mizani: moswavleTa motivaciis
SenarCuneba aqtivoba 4. gonebrivi ieriSi
(speqtakli) aqtivobis mizani: moswavleTa mo-
tivireba, winare codnis gaaqtiureba. orga-
nizebis forma: saklaso, dro - 5 wT.
wvdoma
aqtivoba 5. kiTxva-pasuxi (minidiskusia) in-
tonaciis gamoyenebis mniSvnelobaze organi-
zebis forma - saklaso, dro: 5 wT.
aqtivobis mizani: motivaciis SenarCuneba,
winare codnis gaqtiureba aqtivoba 6. wina-
dadebebis wakiTxva Sesabamisi intonaciis
dacviT. organizebis forma:saklaso, dro: 2
wT.
aqtivoba 7. speqtaklis wardgena aqtivobis
mizani: teqstSi asaxuli emociebis gamoxatva,
SemoqmedebiTi unaris ganviTareba organize-
bis forma: saklaso, dro: 20 wT. refleqsia.
aqtivoba 8.debrifingi/refleqsia organize-
bis forma: individualuri, dro: 3 wT. aq-
tivoba 9. Sefaseba 4 wT.
Sefaseba da ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba. TviTSefaseba da
TviTSefaseba TanatolTa urTierTSefaseba-zepiri komen-
tarebi. proeqtgakveTilis TviTSefasebis
kiTxvari
saswavlo re- v. rodonaia-qarTuli ena da literatu-
sursebi ra-me-6 klasis saxelmZRvanelo, furclebi,
kalmebi, flipCarti, markeri, dafa, car-
ci, kompiuteri, proeqtori, dekoraciebi,
TeTri formatis qaRaldi, saRebavebi, webo,
makrateli, Wikarti, feradi webovani qaRal-
debi.

181
 gamoyenebuli strategiebi: roluri TamaSi,
gonebrivi ieriSi, aqtiuri
(keTebiT) swavla gakveTilis scenari (aq-
tivobebis aRwera)

maswavlebeli gakveTils warmarTavs samfaziani model-

iT.
a. gamowveva aqtivoba 1. ganwyobis gamoxatva. maswav- 1
lebeli moswavleebs urigebs ferad webovan qaRaldze wT.
da sTxovs moswavleebs, daxaton kacunebi, romelTa
mimikebiTac gamoxataven TavianT emociebs. mizani: mos-
wavleTa motivireba.
aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs gakveTi-
lis Temas, miznebsa da Sefasebis komponentebs. 2
aqtivoba 3. maswavlebeli uCvenebs moswavleebs pover- wT.
pointSi momzadebul slaidebs, romlebzec mocemulia
grafikuli Rimilakebi da sTxovs moswavleebs, amoic-
non maTze gamoxatuli emociebi. mizani: motivaciis
SenarCuneba, ganwyobis Seqmna. organizebis forma:
saklaso 3
aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli dafis SuagulSi wers sityvas wT.
`speqtakli~ da sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon yvela
asociacia, romlebic uCndebaT am sityvis gagoneba-
ze. moswavleebi asaxeleben, maswavlebeli wers dafaze
moswavleTa ideebs. 5
moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: Teatri, scena, roli, wT.
msaxiobi, farda, reJisori da sxva. Semdeg saubroben
sakuTar ideebze.
mizani: moswavleTa motivireba organizebis forma -
saklaso aqtivobis mizani: motivaciis SenarCuneba,
winare codnis gaqtiureba

b. codnis konstruireba/wvdoma
aqtivoba 5. minidiskusia intonaciis mniSvneloba-
ze. maswavlebeli moswavleebs usvams kiTxvebs: me-
tyvelebis procesSi emocia ra saSualebebiT gad-
moicema? rogor fiqrobT, ra aris intonacia? ra
mniSvneloba aqvs intonaciis dacviT teqstis wakiTx-
vas?

182
 moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi:
metyvelebis procesSi emociebi gamoixateba mimikiT,
JestiT, intonaciis saSualebiT. intonacia aris xmis 5 wT.
tonis cvlileba saubris procesSi, emociebi unda ga-
moixatos Sesabamisi intonaciiT...
organizebis forma: saklaso
aqtivoba 6. maswavlebeli moswavleebs akiTxebs wina- 2 wT.
dadebebs Sesabamisi intonaciis dacviT.
(winadadebebi asaxulia poverpointis slaidebze) orga-
nizebis forma: saklaso
20
aqtivoba 7. speqtaklis wardgena auditoriis winaSe.
wT.
moswavleebi warmoadgenen moTxrobis mixedviT dad-
mul speqtakls. avtoris teqsts kiTxuloben wamyvane-
bi (eqvsi moswavle), sami moswavle ki gaiTamaSebs per-
sonaJebs (bebiis, biWisa da ananias rolebs). speqtakli
gaformebulia dekoraciebiT, poverpointSi Sesrule-
buli slaidebiTa da musikiT.

g. refleqsia /gamTlianeba
aqtivoba 8.debrifingi/refleqsia - ras grZnobT axla?
ratom? ras fiqrobT speqtaklis Sesaxeb? riT iyo sa- 3 wT.
sargeblo TqvenTvis es aqtivoba? mTeli jgufisTvis?
ra iswavleT am aqtivobiT? rogor moirgeT Tqveni
roli? ramdenad SeZeliT moTxrobaSi asaxuli emo-
ciebis gamoxatva da ra dagexmaraT amaSi?
aqtivoba 9. Sefaseba
moswavleebi afaseben erTmaneTs. maswavlebeli
urigebs moswavleebs TviTSefasebis kiTxvars. moswav-
leebi avseben individualurad. maswavlebeli ajamebs
gakveTils. 4 wT.

183
 proeqtgakveTilis TviTSefasebis kiTxvari
moswavleTaTvis

moswavleTa TviTSefaseba arasdros xandaxan yovelTvis

proeqtze muSaoba iyo

CemTvis saintereso
ar vacdendi repeticiebs
jgufi iziarebda Cems
winadadebebs
konfliqti mqonda
klaselebTan
momaval proeqtSi
miviReb monawileobas

proeqtgakveTilis TviTSefasebis kiTxvari

fasilitatorisTvis

fasilitatoris TviTSefaseba arasdros xandaxan yovelTvis

proeqtze muSaoba iyo
CemTvis saintereso
vexmarebodi moswavleebs
proeqtze muSaobis procesSi

vasrulebdi mxolod
fasilitatoris funqcias
viziarebdi moswavleTa
winadadebebs

184
 samodelo (problemaze orientirebuli)
gakveTilis gegma 23.05.2017
gakveTilis Tema vaJa-fSavelas `aluda qeTelauris~
problematika
sagani qarTuli ena da literatura
pedagogi marine kvaracxelia
swavlebis saSualo, me-11klasi
safexuri/klasi
mosw. profili 8 moswavle. klasSi sssm moswavle ar
aris
gakveTilis mi- moswavlem amoicnos vaJa-fSavelas
zani poema `aluda qeTelaurSi~ asaxuli
problema, warmoadginos sxvadasx-
va personaJis poziciidan, argumen-
tirebuli msjelobiT SeZlos misi
gaanalizeba da Sefaseba epoqisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Rirebulebebisa da
faseulobebis konteqstSi

Sesabamisoba qarT. XI. 1. moswavles SeuZlia sajaro

esgsTan moxsenebis warmodgena (zepiri gamosv-
misaRwevi Sede- la) konkretuli auditoriis winaSe
gebi konkretuli mizniT
• asrulebs sakomunikacio amocanas im-
itirebul situaciaSi
(intervius aReba) qarT.XI.5. moswavles
SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis
gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli Temebis,
ideebis, problemebis TvalsazrisiT
• aanalizebs konkretuli epoqisTvis
damaxasiaTebel niSnebs da maTs gav-
lenas literaturul nawarmoebSi
asaxuli problemis gadaWris gzebze
• amoicnobs konkretuli epoqis damaxa-
siaTebel Temebs, ideebs, problemebs
da Seafasebs amave epoqisTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli Rirebulebebisa da faseu-
lobebis konteqstSi

185
winare codna moswavleebma ician teqsti, wakiTxuli
aqvT kritikuli werilebi.

saklaso menej- misalmeba, Temisa da miznis gacnoba -

menti 2 wT
gamowveva
aqtivoba 1. nawyvetis Cveneba film-
idan `vedreba~ organizebis forma
- saklaso, dro - 3 wT. aqtivobis
mizani: moswavleTa motivireba
aqtivoba 2. personaJis ruka (sqemis
Sevseba) organizebis forma - saklaso,
dro: 4 wT.
aqtivobis mizani: motivaciis SenarCu-
neba, winare codnis gaqtiureba
wvdoma
aqtivoba 3. kiTxva-pasuxi organizebis
forma - saklaso , dro - 8 wT.
aqtivobis mizani - teqstis faqtobrivi
codnis Semowmeba, problemis identi-
fikacia/aRwera
aqtivoba 4. sqemebze muSaoba (1. alu-
das feriscvaleba 2. Temi da pirovne-
ba) organizebis forma: saklaso, dro:
7 wT.

186
aqt iv o b i s m izan i: pr o b le m i s i de nt i f ici re-
ba/aRwe ra-ana l iz i
aqt iv o ba 5. jgu fu r i muSa o ba, meTo d i: ku b i
teq st i s damuSave ba ku b i s meTo d iT (sam-sa-
m i waxnagi), 1-l i jgu f i (aRwe re, gaaana l ize,
da icav i), me-2 jgu f i (Sea da re, sap i r i sp i r o
gam oTqv i, Seafase) o rgan ize b i s f o rma - jgu-
fu r i, d r o - 15 wT.
aqt iv o b i s m izan i - pr o b le m i s i de nt i f i-
ci re ba/aRwe ra-ana l iz i, TanamSrm l o b i s
u na r i s ganv iTa re ba
aqt iv o ba 6. jgu f i s namuSev re b i s prez-
e ntacia o rgan ize b i s f o rma: i n d iv i dua lu r i
(jgu fe b i s m ie r Se rCeu l i preze ntato re b i),
d r o: 7 wT. aqt iv o b i s m izan i: preze ntaci i s
u na r i s ganv iTa re ba.
re f leq s ia aqt iv o ba 7. e rTw i na da de b ian i
rez iu me o rgan ize b i s f o rma - i n d iv i dua l-
u r i, d r o: 1 wT.
aqt iv o b i s m izan i: ganmav iTa re be l i Se fase ba
Se sve ne ba
a. gam o wveva aqt iv o ba 7. go ne br iv i ie r iSi -`
Sat i l i s Te m i~ o rgan ize b i s f o rma: sak las o,
d r o: 2 wT.
m izan i: m o swav leTa m o t iv i re ba
b. co d n i s k o nstru i re ba/wv d o ma aqt iv o ba 8.
maswav le b l i s preze ntacia Te maze: xevsu re-
Ti s a daTwe se b i d r o: 6 wT.
aqt iv o b i s m izan i: m o t ivaci i s Se na rCu ne ba,
m o swav leTa i n f o rm i re ba aqt iv o ba 9. i nte r-
v iu pe rs o naJTan.
o rgan ize b i s f o rma:i n d iv i dua lu r i, d r o: 18
wT.
aqt iv o ba 10. m o swav leTa namuSev re b i s prez-
e ntacia (m o xa l i see b i) o rgan ize b i s f o r-
ma:i n d iv i dua lu r i, d r o - 7 wT.
aqt iv o b i s m izan i: pr o b le m i s i nte rpre t i re-
b i s, m i s i ga daWr i s gze b i s Zie b i s u na re b i s
ganv iTa re ba aqt iv o ba 11. d i sku s ia (gam o xate
p oz icia: sw o ra d iq ceva Tu a ra be r d ia, r o ca
i s Te m i dan m o ikveTs a lu das?) o rgan ize b i s
f o rma: sak las o, d r o: 7 wT.
aqt iv o b i s m izan i: pr o b le m i s ga daWr i s
a lte rnat iu l i gz i s Zie ba g. Se fase ba -
gamTl iane ba/re f leq s ia - gakveTi l i s Se-
jame ba 5 wT

187
Se fase- ganm sazRv re l i da ganmaviTare be l i
ba da Se fase ba. k o mp o ne nte b i da meTo de-
TviTSe- b i: preze ntacia, m sje l o ba-pr o b le m i s
fase ba i nte rpre ti re ba, (preze ntaci i sa da
m sje l o ba-pr o b le m i s i nte rpre ti re b i s
Se fase b i s sqe me b i), jgu fu r i muSa o ba
(TviTSe fase b i s k iTxvar i), ze p i r i k o me n-
tare b i
saswav- v. r o d o na ia-qarTu l i e na da l ite r-
l o re- atu ra, me-11 k las i s saxe l mZRvane l o,
su rse b i fu rcle b i, ka l me b i, f l i pCarte b i, mark-
e r i, dafa, carci, m x. f i l m i `ve d re-
ba~(nawyve ti), k o mp iu te r i, pr oeqto r i,
sqe me b i

188
 gamoyenebuli strategiebi: kubi, disku-
sia, kiTxva-pasuxi, interviu personaJTan,
sqemebi, gonebrivi ieriSi gakveTilis sce-
nari (aqtivobebis aRwera):

maswavlebeli gakveTils warmarTavs samfaziani mod- 2 wT.

eliT.
a. gamowveva - maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs ga-
kveTilis Temas, miznebsa da Sefasebis komponentebs.
aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli uCvenebs moswavleebs
nawyvets T. abulaZis filmidan `vedreba~.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gamoTqvan STabe- 3 wT
Wdilebebi da amoicnon epizodi teqstidan.
mizani: moswavleTa motivireba aqtivoba 2. maswavle-
beli kedelze akravs flipCarts, romelzec gamo-
saxulia sqema - personaJis ruka, sTxovs moswavleebs,
daasaxelon aludas Tvisebebi da moiyvanon Sesabamisi
argumentebi, magaliTebi/citatebi teqstidan, mos- 4 wT
wavleebi pasuxoben, maswavlebeli wers flipCartze,
ivseba sqema. moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi. Tvise-
bebi da argumentebi/citatebi teqstidan: gamor-
Ceulia, RvTisgan dalocvilia (`kacia davlaTiani~),
avtoritetulia, saxeliania, dafasebulia (`safixvnos
TavSi dajdebis~), mWevrmetyvelia (`sityva maudis
gziani~), kai ymaa, vaJkacia, (`bevr qists maaWra mar-
jvena~), uSiSaria (marto mosdevs mters, miuxedavad
imisa, rom ar icis, ramdenni arian), morwmunea (xSirad
axsenebs gudanis jvars), gulCvilia
(`guli gamiwyra, ara qna, rac saqnelia Znelada~),
patriotia (miuxedavad imisa, rom Temma moikveTa, de-
dasa da cols uSlis mis dawyevlas)...
organizebis forma - saklaso.
aqtivobis mizani: motivaciis SenarCuneba, winare
codnis gaaqtiureba

189
b. codnis konstruireba/wvdoma.
aqtivoba 3. kiTxva-pasuxi. maswavlebeli svams kiTxvebs
(kiTxvebs uCvenebs ekranze), moswavleebi pasuxoben.
kiTxvebi da savaraudo pasuxebi:
1. ra grZnoba amoZravebs aludas, roca mosdevs
qistebs? (SurisZiebis)
2. mucalis romelma qcevam daukarga mas es grZnoba?
(brZams ifens Wrilobaze)
3. mucali Tavis iaraRs aludas gadaugdebs. ratom
iqceva is ase? (aRiarebs aludas vaJkacobas)
4. ratom ar sWris aluda mucals mklavs? (Seebrala, 8 wT.
daafasa misi vaJkacoba)
5. rogor gamoxatavs mucali pativiscemas aludas cx-
edris mimarT?
(gaapatiosna, daitira, Tof-iaraRic dautova)
6. SatilSi dabrunebul aludas xevsurebi ulocaven:
`saxelianimc aria~.
ras ulocaven aludas, ra aris amis sabuTi (aludam
kidev erTi mteri mokla. mucalis mokluli Zmis
marjvenaa amis sabuTi)
7. ras sTxovs aluda RmerTs mucalisTvis da ratom?
(cxonebas, radgan, qristianuli sarwmunoebis mixed-
viT, mounaTlavi ar cxondeba)
8. ram SeaZrwuna beberi uSiSa aludasTan saubarSi? (
qistis cxonebam)
9. ratom wavida mindia simarTlis dasadgenad aludas-
Tan SeTanxmebis gareSe? (man TviTon daivala, rom
yvelas gaagebinos simarTle, mas unda, aravin Tqvas
kai ymis augi)
10. ra gadawyvetilebas iRebs aluda mas Semdeg, rac
mindiam mucalis moWrili mklavi moitana? (`mters
movklav, kidev ar movWri marjvenas magaT jibriTa~)
11. rogor Seafasebs aluda mklavis mokveTis tradi-
cias? (`vai, egeTas samarTals, monaTluls cod-
va-braliTa~)
12. ratomaa miuRebeli berdiasTvis qistis saxelze ku-
ratis dakvla? ra argumenti mohyavs mas amis sabu-
Tad? (tradicias ewinaaRmdegeba: `mamiT ar modis
anderZi, papiT da papispapiTa~)
13. ra simarTles eubneba berdia aludas? (aqamde bevri
mogiklavs, magram aravisTvis Tikanic ar dagiklav-
so)
14. ra ganaCeni gamoutana Temma aludas? (mokveTa Temi-
dan)
15. ra problema wamoiWra nawarmoebSi? (Temisa da
pirovnebis dapirispireba) organizebis forma -
saklaso aqtivobis mizani - teqstis faqtobrivi
codnis Semowmeba, problemis identifikacia/aRw-
era aqtivoba 4. moswavleebi avseben sqemebs: aludas
feriscvaleba, Temi da pirovneba.

190
(b iZgi - fe r i scva le b i s dasawy i s i, pr o te st i s ga-
m o xatva s i tyv ie ra d, s izmr i s fu nq cia, pr o te st i s
gam o xatva saq m iT, fe r i scva le b i s m wve rva l i), sqe ma
ivse ba Se sabam i s i maga l iTe b iT te st i dan.
dap i r i sp i re b i s m izez i - Te m i s s i marTle -
p i r ovne b i s s i ma rTle - dap i r i sp i re b i s ku l m i na-
cia. sqe ma ivse ba Se sabam i s i maga l iTe b iT te st i dan.
m o swav leTa sava rau d o pasu xe b i:
1-l i sqe ma.
a lu das fe r i scva le ba i wye ba maSi n, r o ca ma rjve-
nas a r sWr i s mu ca l s, mas Se xv da Tav i s i Tanasw o r i
vaJkaci, r o m a ra mu ca l i s me dga r i w i naaRm dego ba,
a lu da, Se saZl oa, kv lav Zve l a lu da d da rCe n i l i- 7
y o; man pr o te st i gam o xata s i tyv ie ra d maSi n, r o ca wT
m i n d iam m i s dauk iTxava d mu ca l i s m oWr i l i mk lav i
m o i tana: ` mte rs m ovk lav, k i dev ar m ovsWr i ma r-
jve nas magaT ji br iTa~; s izma rSi a lu das dau dgame n
kaci s x o r ciT Se ne le bu l wvn ians, a lu da m i xv da,
r o m kaci s kv la a rahu manu r ia, i s gacn o b ie re bu la d
i wye bs brZo las am uzne o tra d ici i s w i naaRm deg;
ku rat i s dakv l iT a lu dam ukve saq m iT gam o xata
pr o te st i; a lu dam ga i ma rjva sakuTa r Tavze, man
ici s, r o m Te mTan w i naaRm dego b i s gam o sast ika d
da i sje ba, magram sxvana i ra d ve r m o iq ceva. Su-
r i smaZie be l i a lu da iq ca m i mteve be l a dam iana d.
me-2 sqe ma. dap i r i sp i re b i s m izez i x de ba m i n d i-
as m ie r mu ca l i s m oWr i l i mk lav i s m o tana. a lu da
sayve du r o bs m i n d ias: `Tu mk lav i s m oWra m n d o m i-
y o, gan ve r m ovWr i d i Tava da? ve r giq nav ka rga d,
m i n d iav, saq me m ogi rTavs ava da~, Te m s aqvs Tav i s i
s i ma rTle, i s icavs sauku n ovan a daT-we se bs: mam iT
a r m o d i s an de rZi, pap iT da pap i spap iTa~. Te m i sT-
v i s tra d ici i s dacva uze nae s ia da m i s xe ly o fas
a rav i s apat ie bs, a lu dasac aqvs Tav i s i s i ma rTle,
man e s tra d icia uzne o ba d m o naTla:
`va i, egeTas sama rTa l s, m o naTlu l s co dva-bra l-
iTa~. dap i r i sp i re ba damTav r da a lu das m okveTiT
Te m i dan. Te m i Zl ie r ia da i s y ove lTv i s i ma rjve bs
p i r ovne baze. Tu mca, a lu da dama r cx da f iz iku ra d,
magram ga i ma rjva su l ie ra d.
aqt iv o b i s m izan i: pr o b le m i s i de nt i f ikacia/aRw-
e ra. ana l iz i. aqt iv o ba 5. jgu fu r i muSa o ba. meTo-
d i - ku b i. maswav le be l i y o fs k lass da amuSave-
b i ne bs teq sts ku b i s meTo d iT. ke rZo d, o r ive jgu f i
muSa o bs sam-sam waxnagze.

191
12. r. f i f i a
1-l i jgu f i (aRwe ra, ana l iz i, dacva), m o swav lee- 15wT
b i aRwe re n da aana l ize be n p oe maSi dasmu l pr o b-
le mas, icave n a lu das an Te m s.
me-2 jgu f i (Se da re ba, sap i r i sp i r o s gam oTq ma,
Se fase ba) m o swav lee b i pa ra le l s av le be n m sgavs
pr o b le maze dawe r i l sxva teq stTan/teq ste bTan,
u p i r i sp i r de b ian a lu das an Te m s, afase be n pe rs o-
naJe b i s (a lu da, m i n d ia, be r d ia) q cevas.
o rgan ize b i s f o rma: jgu fu r i aqt iv o b i s m izan i: 5wT
pr o b le m i s i de nt i f ici re ba, ana l iz i s, Se fase b i sa
da TanamSr o m l o b i s u na re b i s ganv iTa re ba aqt iv o-
ba 6. jgu fu r i namuSev re b i s preze ntacia. jgu f i s
m ie r Se rCeu l i preze ntato re b i wa rm oa dge ne n
jgu fe b i s namuSev re bs
g. Se fase ba - gamTl iane ba/re f leq s ia aqt iv o ba 6. 1wT
ganmav iTare be l i Se fase ba. e rTw i na da de b ian i re-
z iu me.
p i rve l i gakveTi l i s dasasru l s maswav le be l i sTx-
ovs m o swav lee bs, Seajam o n Te ma e rTi w i na da de b iT.
m o swav lee b i we re n rez iu me s fe ra d ba raTe bze.
a. gam o wveva maswav le be l i me o re gakveTi l sac 2wT
wa rma rTavs sam faz ian i m o de l iT.
aqt iv o ba 7. go ne br iv i ie r iSi. maswav le be l i
we rs dafaze `Sat i l i s Te m i~ da sTx ovs m o swav-
lee bs, daasaxe l o n sam i maxas iaTe be l i, r o m le b ic
m ie ma rTe ba Sat i l i s Te m s. m o swav lee b i ka rnax o-
be n, maswav le be l i we rs m o swav leTa pasu xe bs (sa-
va rau d o pasu xe b i: tra d icie b i, xev i sbe r i, ganaCe-
n i, m o rCi le ba, s i sast ike ... ) o rgan ize b i s f o rma:
sak las o m izan i: m o swav leTa m o t iv i re ba
b. co d n i s k o nstru i re ba/wv d o ma aqt iv o ba 8. mas-
wav le be l i m o swav lee bs wa ru dge ns p ove rp o i ntSi 6wT
m o mza de bu l preze ntacias Te maze: xevsu reTi s
a daT-we se b i preze ntacia i x i leT aq:
http://marinekvaratskhelia45.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_23.html
preze ntaciaSi sau ba r ia xevsu reTSi gav r ce le bu l
a daT-we se bze. aqt iv o b i s m izan i: m o t ivaci i s Se n-
a rCu ne ba, m o swav leTa i n f o rm i re ba

aqt iv o ba 9. i nte rv iu pe rs o naJTan.

192
maswav le be l i m o swav lee bs aZlevs i nsruq- 18 wT
cias: m o swav lee bma a i rCi o n mTavar i da
me o re xar i sx ovan i pe rs o naJe b i, Cam oarTvan
i nte rviu (k iTxve b i da Sesabam i s i pasu xe b i,
Seeca d o n pr o b le ma Seafas o n am pe rs o naJi s
p oz ici i dan da eZe b o n ga daWr i s gze b i. m o s-
wav lee b i i rCeve n pe rs o naJe bs da we r i l o b iT
u svame n k iTxve bs mas, we r i l o b iTve aya l i be- 7 wT
be n pasu xe bs.
o rgan ize b i s f o rma: i n d ivi dua lu r i
aqtivo ba 10. m o xa l i se o r i-sam i m o swav le
warm oa dge ns Tavi s namuSevars au d ito r i i s
wi naSe.
aqtivo b i s m izan i: pr o b le m i s i nte rpre- 7 wT
ti re b i s, m i s i ga daWr i s a lte rnatiu l i gze-
b i s Zie b i s u nare b i s ganviTare ba
aqtivo ba 11. d i sku s ia-gam o xate p oz icia.
warmarTavs maswav le be l i da cd i l o bs m o s-
wav lee b i gam o i wvi o s pr o b le m i s a lte rnati-
u l i gz i s m oZe bn i ske n.
aqtivo b i s m izan i: pr o b le m i s ga daW-
r i s a lte rnatiu l i gz i s Zie ba g. Se fase- 5 wT
ba - gamTl iane ba/re f leq s ia m o swav lee b i
akeTe be n re f leq s ias, avse be n jgu fu r i
muSa o b i s TviTSe fase b i s k iTxvare bs. mas-
wav le be l i afase bs m o swav lee bs Se fase b i s
sqe me b i s m i xe dviT (m sje l o ba-pr o b le m i s
i nte rpre ti re ba, preze ntacia), akeTe bs ze-
p i r ganmaviTare be l k o me ntare bs da ajame bs
gakveTi ls.

193
 Sefasebis sqemebi
jgufuri muSaoba - TviTSefaseba
kriteriumebi diax ara nawilobriv

CarTuli viyavi jgufis

muSaobaSi
vicavdi jgufSi muSaobis
wesebs
Cemi mosazreba iyo mniS-
vnelovani
viTvaliswinebdi gansxvave-
bul azrs
konfliqti ar mqonda
jgufis wevrebTan

prezentaciis Sefasebis sqema jamuri qula -10

prezentacia davalebis adekvaturia, pasuxobs 1

pirobas
msjelobs damajereblad 1

msjelobs logikuri TanmimdevrobiT 1

msjelobs argumentebis moSveliebiT 2

iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas 1

flobs auditorias 1

icavs drois limits 1

metyvelebs saliteraturo enis normebis 2

dacviT

194
msjelobis (problemis interpretireba,problemis
gadaWris alternatiuli gzis Zieba) Sefasebis sqe-
ma jamuri qula - 10

mkafiod da gasagebad ayalibebs azrs 2

msjelobs argumentirebulad 2
akeTebs daskvnebs 2

iyenebs araverbaluri komunikaciis formebs 2

(TvaliT,JestebiT, xmiT)

eZebs problemis gadaWris alternatiul gzas 2

195
 Tavi IV

qarTul enisa da literaturis

swavlebis problemuri sakiTxebi sabazo
da saSualo safexurze

4.1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma mxatvruli

teqstis gagebisa da TviTgamoxatvis Sesaxeb

swavlebis nebismieri meTodi maSinaa gamarTle-

buli, Tu is Sedegzea orientirebuli. qarTuli
literaturis swavlebis mizani da amocanebi erovnu-
li saswavlo gegmiTa da maswavleblis profesiuli
standartiTaa gansazRvruli. erovnul saswavlo
gegmaSi literaturis swavleba ganixileba, rogorc
pirovnebis Camoyalibebis, misi esTetikuri da Semo-
qmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebis, aseve, erovnul da
zogadsakacobrio faseulobebTan ziarebis saSuale-
ba.
literaturis mTavari daniSnuleba adamian-
is sulieri aRzrdaa, misi zneobrivi saxis sruly-
ofaa, raTa man SeZlos sazogadoebaSi cxovreba,
sikeTis, mSvenierebisa da siyvarulis idealebis
dafaseba. literaturis swavlebis procesma xeli
unda Seuwyos da erTgvari biZgi misces TiToeul
moswavleSi arsebuli unikaluri, individualuri da
SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlenas. mxatvruli
literaturis Seswavlisas, misi Taviseburebebidan
gamomdinare, moswavleTa winaSe bunebrivad Cndeba
sakuTari Tavisa da samyaros Secnobis individual-
uri perspeqtiva.

196
 dRes, pirovnebaze orientirebul saganmanaT-
leblo procesSi, literaturis swavlebis mizania
ara ideologizebuli cnobierebis aRzrda, aramed
iseTi saswavlo garemos Seqmna, romelSic moswavles
saSualeba eqneba pirovnuli gamocdilebis safuZ-
velze gaiazros da Seafasos mxatvrul teqstebSi
asaxuli siRrmiseuli da cxovrebiseuli probleme-
bi. literaturasTan urTierTobam unda ganuviTa-
ros moswavles mxatvruli da esTetikuri gemovneba,
gauRviZos Sinagani aqtiurobisa da TviTSemecnebis
survili.
swavla ar aris erTjeradi aqti, mas didi xnis
Sroma da konstruireba sWirdeba. yoveli adamiani
Tavisi arsebobis manZilze avlens mzaobas miiRos si-
axle, gamudmebiT swavlobs, iTvisebs misTvis manamde
ucnobsa da axals. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixed-
viT swavla niSnavs informaciis SeZenas, unar-Cveve-
bisa da damokidebulebebis ganviTarebas. skolaSi
SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis gamoyenebiT mos-
wavleebma unda SeZlon cxovrebiseuli problemebis
gadaWra. amitomacaa mniSvnelovani, rom skolam mos-
wavleebs ganuviTaros am problemebTan SeWidebisa
da maTi daZlevis unari da es unari mozardebs ara
mxolod yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli moTxovnile-
bebis mogvarebaSi gamoadgebaT, aramed formalur
saganmanaTleblo garemoSic, swavlis gasagrZeleb-
lad da momaval profesiul karieraSi warmatebis
misaRwevad.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis fundamenturi prin-
cipia Sedegebze orientireba, rac gulisxmobs mos-
wavleTa qmediTunarianobas. Sedegze orientirebu-

197
li saswavlo procesi moiTxovs Semdegi principebis
dacvas: codnis konstruireba; gaRrmavebuli swav-
leba; pozitiuri saswavlo garemos Seqmna; motivaci-
is amaRleba; moswavleebiis CarTuloba; individua-
luri maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswineba; asakobrivi
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba.
mxatvruli literatura mkiTxvelisaTvis saku-
Tari Tavisa da samyaros Secnobis wyaros warmoad-
gens, misi mizanmimarTulad gamoyeneba ki did Ses-
aZleblobebs qmnis iseTi pirovnebis aRsazrdelad,
romelic `Tanamedrove samyaros gamowvevebsa da
moTxovnebs upasuxebs~ [leiaSvili, 2012].
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT qarTuli enisa da
literaturis swavlebis mizania pirovnebis saer-
To kulturis, sakomunikacio da profesiuli un-
ar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba. mSobliuri literatura
qmnis im ZiriTad baziss, romelsac efuZneba adami-
anis Tavisufali ganviTarebis mTeli Semdgomi pro-
cesi.
mesame Taobis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixed-
viT sabazo safexurze qarTuli enisa da litera-
turis swavla-swavleba miznad isaxavs:
 moswavles ganuviTaros standartiT gansaz-
Rvruli sxvadasxva tipis zepir da werilobiT
teqstebze damoukideblad muSaobis, maTi gage-
ba-gaanalizebis, interpretirebisa da argumen-
tirebis unarebi;
 moswavles ganuviTaros enobrivi unarebi, gaum-
didros leqsikuri maragi;
 moswavles ganuviTaros mxatvrul-esTetikuri
gemovneba;

198
 
moswavles ganuviTaros standartiT gansaz-
Rvruli sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis (maT Soris
Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT Seqm-
nili teqstebis) Seqmnisa da wardgena-gaziare-
bis unarebi;

moswavles gamoumuSavos pativiscemisa da pa-
suxismgeblobis grZnoba mSobliuri enisa da
literaturis, zogadad, qarTuli kulturis
mimarT;

xeli Seuwyos moswavlis, rogorc sxva kulture-
bis pativismcemeli pirovnebis formirebas;

xeli Seuwyos moswavlis, rogorc humanur Ri-
rebulebebze orientirebuli, SemoqmedebiTi da
maZiebeli pirovnebis formirebas.
swavlebis meore, sabazo safexuri, aris gardam-
avali etapi dawyebiTsa da saSualo safexurebs So-
ris, aq unda gaRrmavdes dawyebiT safexurze SeZe-
nili codna da ganviTardes SeZenili unar-Cvevebi,
mniSvnelovania moswavleTa individualuri Sesa-
Zleblobis ganviTareba, motivireba. mas Semdeg, rac
swavlebis dawyebiTi safexuri moswavles gamou-
muSavebs blumis taqsonomiiT gansazRvrul teqstis
gagebisa da aRqmis unarebs, sabazo da saSualo safex-
urze moswavleebs unda davaZlevinoT mxatvruli
teqstisadmi mimarTebis maRali unarebi. vinaidan,
`adamiani SeuCereblad viTardeba. mudmivad axl-
deba mxatvruli teqstis aRqma da gaazrebac. raRac
rCeba - dros uZlebs, raRac ki icvleba - rac adre
Seuvali WeSmariteba egonaT, axleburad warmoaCens~
[murRulia, 20018: gv. 5]. mniSvnelovania is, rom Cveni
literatura aris erTgvari gzamkvlevi moswavleTa

199
yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, is gvacnobs warsuls da
gvexmareba warmatebuli momavlis dagegmvaSi, aseve
sakuTari unarebis SecnobaSi da gvaswavlis damou-
kidebel azrovnebas.
mesame Taobis sabazo safexuris qarTuli enisa
da literaturis programa sarekomendacio xasiaTi-
saa da aCvenebs standartis moTxovnaTa realizebis
SesaZlo gzebs. programas aqvs CarCo-sqemis saxe. mis
safuZvelze SesaZlebelia sabazo safexuris calkeu-
li klasebisTvis gamiznuli wliuri programebis
Seqmna. Temebi da calkeuli Temis farglebSi Ser-
Ceuli masala mowodebulia rekomendaciis saxiT.
dasaSvebia Temebis Secvla-modificireba, Sevseba da
misT. mTavaria, SerCeuli Tematika pasuxobdes Sem-
deg moTxovnebs: Temebi unda iTvaliswinebdes mos-
wavleTa asakobriv interesebsa da SesaZleblobebs;
sabazo safexuris Tematika mTlianobaSi unda Seesa-
bamebodes ZiriTad Tematur blokebs. sarekomenda-
cio programaSi Sesulia mxolod standartiT gaT-
valiswinebuli savaldebulo nawarmoebebi, calkeul
SemTxvevebSi teqstebi dasaxelebuli ar aris. amde-
nad, SeTavazebuli CarCo-sqemis gamoyenebis SemTx-
vevaSi, igi unda modificirdes sabazo safexuris
konkretuli klasisTvis. es gulisxmobs, rom klase-
bis Sesabamisad unda: a) gadanawildes dasaxelebuli
nawarmoebebi; b) SeirCes relevanturi damatebiTi
masala - sxvadasxva tipisa da Janris teqstebi (Tem-
aturi mkvidri warmodgenebisa da sakvanZo SekiTxve-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT). dasaSvebia CarCo-sqemaSi war-
modgenili masalis (sakvanZo SekiTxvebis, Tematuri
mkvidri warmodgenebis, kompleqsuri davalebebis,

200
Sefasebis indikatorebis)- SerCeva-gadanawileba,
modificireba, Sevseba da misT. sabazo safexuris
ama Tu im klasisTvis. Temebis farglebSi SerCeu-
li teqstebis/resursebis Sesabamisad, Seivseba da
dakonkretdeba CarCo-sqemis cnebebisa da sakiTxebis
blokSi Sesuli masalac [esg, 2018-24].
programaSi naTlad Cans enisa da literatur-
is mimarTulebiT erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixed-
viT gasaazrebeli saswavlo masalis daniSnuleba.
cnobilia, rom teqstis gaazreba xdeba or doneze.
pirvel doneze mkiTxvels uyalibdeba piradi damok-
idebuleba wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT, akeTebs emo-
ciur Sefasebebs da problemebs aanalizebs sakuTar
RirebulebaTa Wrilidan. rogorc cnobilia, teqsti,
rogorc TavisTavadi Rirebuleba, ar arsebobs, mas
azrs da mniSvnelobas mkiTxveli aniWebs. magram aseve
mniSvnelovania is Tu rogor aswavlis am yovelives
mas pedagogi: teqstebze muSaobisas maswavlebelma
xeli Seuwyos moswavleebs, kargad dafiqrdnen da
awon-dawonon, Tu ras grZnoben, ra emocia gamoiwvia
maTSi wakiTxulma. maswavleblis roli Zalian did-
ia bavSvis sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad aRz-
rdis sakiTxSi. qarTuli literaturis flobasTan
erTad maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT idgnen moralisa
da zneobis sadarajoze, profesionalizmTan erTad
meti gulisxmiereba, siyvaruli da taqtigamoiCi-
non aRsazrdelebis mimarT, radgan morali mxolod
saklaso oTaxSi ar unda fasobdes, - is skolis ga-
reT ufro mniSvnelovania [saxelaSvili, 2012:].
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis standartis Sedege-
bi jgufdeba oTxi mimarTulebis mixedviT:

201
 teqstis gageba-gaanalizeba – gulisxmobs stan-
dartiT gansazRvruli sxvadasxva tipis teqstebSi
mocemuli eqsplicituri da implicituri infor-
maciis gagebas da mravalmxrivad gaazrebas (saswav-
lo gegmaSi termini `teqsti~ gamoiyeneba farTo
mniSvnelobiT da gulisxmobs rogorc beWdur, ise
audiovizualur/multimediur, audio da video-
formatis teqstebs). codnisa da ideebis gaziareba
fokusirebulia moswavlis producirebis unarebze.
es gulisxmobs, rom moswavlem, werilobiTi an zepi-
ri teqstebis saxiT, unda warmoadginos da gaaziar-
os Tavisi damokidebuleba teqstis mimarT, argumen-
tirebulad imsjelos nacnob Temebze, sakiTxebze/
problemebze; warmoaCinos codna, ideebi an/da teqs-
tis gacnobis Sedegad miRebuli sakuTari unikalu-
ri gamocdileba, teqstis miseuli interpretacia,
damoukideblad Catarebuli samuSaos Sedegebi.
enobrivi da struqturuli maxasiaTeblebis
gamoyeneba – gulisxmobs sxvadasxva sakomunika-
cio situaciaSi (zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, wer-
is dros) enobrivi saSualebebisa da teqstis
struqturul-kompoziciuri elementebis funqci-
urad gamoyenebis unarebis ganviTarebas.
strategiebis gamoyeneba – swavla-swavlebisas
grZeldeba muSaoba im mimarTulebiT, rom moswav-
leebs ganuviTardeT sxvadasxva sakomunikacio situ-
aciaSi (laparakis, mosmenis, kiTxvisa Tu weris dros)
kognituri da metakognituri strategiebis SerCev-
isa da gaazrebulad gamoyenebis unari konkretuli
saswavlo amocanebis Sesabamisad, rac xels Seuwyobs
damoukideblad swavlis unarebis ganviTarebas [esg,

202
2018-24].
sabazo safexuri moicavs swavlebis samwlian
cikls da CvenTvis mniSvnelovani faqtori mxat-
vruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva, TiToeu-
li klasisTvis gansxvavebulia. zogadad, rogorc
enobrivi, ise literaturuli masalac unda SeirCes
standartSi dasmuli amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
imisTvis, rom literaturulma nawarmoebma miiz-
idos moswavle, aRuZras wakiTxulis Sesaxeb msje-
lobisa da kamaTis survili, igi dawerili unda iyos
mozardebisaTvis gasagebi eniT, exebodes maTTvis
saintereso Temas da gamoirCeodes naTeli struq-
turiT. es ukanaskneli maxasiaTebeli mniSvnelovania
imdenad, ramdenadac moswavlem unda gaacnobieros
rogor `igeba~ teqsti. magaliTad, standartSi das-
muli erT-erTi amocanis mixedviT, moswavle Txro-
biTi teqstis struqturaSi unda erkveodes (unda
SeeZlos teqstis zepiri da werilobiTi Txroba). am-
itom, mkvlevarTa azriT, unda SeirCes gamokveTili
struqturis mqone TxrobiTi teqstebi.
sabazo safexurze qarTul enasa da literatur-
aSi moswavleebi Seiswavlian sxvadasxva tipisa da
Janris teqstebs (qarTvel klasikosTa Txzulebebs,
Tanamedrove mxatvrul literaturas, aramxatvrul
literaturas da sxv.). swavla-swavlebis proces-
Si aqcentebi keTdeba iseT masalaze, romelic Sei-
cavs problemas (problemebs), gansxvavebul Tval-
sazrisebs da moiTxovs am problemebis gadaWris
alternatiuli gzebis Ziebas, Tvalsazrisebis Se-
jerebasa da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatvas.
sagnis swavla-swavlebisas moswavle CarTuli iqneba

203
aqtivobebSi, romlebic mas SeZenili codnis praqti-
kaSi gamoyenebis saSualebas miscems[esg, 2018-24].
Janrobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT, klasSi
mkvlevrebi rekomendacias uweven miTebis, zRapre-
bis, legendebis, moTxrobebis, novelebis, igavebi-
sa da leqsebis Seswavlas. programis sayrdens am
etapze qarTuli klasikuri da Tanamedrove lit-
eratura warmoadgens, magram dasaSvebia ucxouri
literaturis saukeTeso Tanrgmanebis gamoyenebac.
mxatvruli teqstis gagebisa da TviTgamoxatvisaT-
vis, specialistebs sasurvelad miaCniaT, rom poetu-
ri nawarmoebebidan SeirCes `bgerweruli~ efeqtebis
mqone teqstebi, rac xels uwyobs enobriv-gamomsaxv-
elobiTi saSualebebis – riTmis, asonansis, aliter-
aciis Seswavlas.
saskolo asakSi mozardis inteleqtis zrdas
mravali faqtori uwyobs xels. erovnuli saswavlo
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela saswavlo discipli-
na, bunebrivia, swored moswavleTa inteleqtis gan-
viTarebazea orientirebuli da Tavis wil gavlenas
axdens misi azrovnebis doneze. rTuli saazrovno
unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba erovnuli saswavlo geg-
mis mniSvnelovani mizania, romelic gulisxmobs mos-
wavleebSi kritikuli, SemoqmedebiTi da refleqsu-
ri azrovnebis ganviTarebas. azrovnebis amoqmedebis
dros moswavle naswavl masalas ki ar izepirebs, ar-
amed iazrebs, rac xdis mas ufro gamWriaxs da misi
aqtiuroba saswavlo procesSi izrdeba. mxatvru-
li teqstis gagebisa da TviTgamoxatvisTvis, spe-
cialistebs saWirod miaCniaT, rom SeirCes imgvari
literaturuli nawarmoebebi, romlebic TematikiT

204
Seesatyviseba moswavleTa Sinagan samyaros, maT
moTxovnilebebsa da interesTa sferos. teqstebSi
asaxulma sadavo sakiTxebze msjelobam xeli unda
Seuwyos moswavleSi refleqsiuri azrovnebis Cveve-
bis Camoyalibebas (gamomuSavebas), mxatvruli az-
rovnebis unaris ganviTarebas, TviTSemecnebis sur-
vilis aRZvrasa da gaRvivebas.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sayrdens sa-
bazo safexurze warmoadgens qarTuli klasikuri
da Tanamedrove mwerloba ucxouri literaturis
saukeTeso nimuSebTan erTad. rogorc erovnuli
saswavlo gegma migviTiTebs: standartis Sinaar-
si gansazRvravs, ra unda icodes moswavlem. Si-
naarsi aRiwereba savaldebulo cnebebis, Tematuri
blokebisa da sagnobrivi sakiTxebis saxiT. sakiTxa-
vi literatura SeTavazebulia 3 ZiriTadi Tematu-
ri blokis saxiT. Tematuri blokebi SemosazRvravs
zogad Sinaarsobriv konteqstebs da safuZvels qm-
nis standartis Sedegebis miRwevisTvis. TiToeuli
Tematuri bloki moicavs Sesabamis saswavlo Temebs,
gansazRvruls literaturis universaluri motive-
bis (Temebis) gaTvaliswinebiT. aqvea warmodgenili
CamonaTvali savaldebulo nawarmoebebisa, rom-
lebic damuSavdeba SeTavazebuli Tematuri bloke-
bis farglebSi. sabazo safexuris TiToeul klas-
Si moswavleebs unda SevTavazoT samive Tematuri
blokis Sesabamisi masala. swavla-swavlebis proces-
Si standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebi, cnebebi da
sakiTxebi integrirebulad damuSavdeba yvela konk-
retul saswavlo TemaSi [esg, 2018-24].
sabazo safexuris bolo etapze, IX klasSi, mo-

205
zardTa asakobrivi fsiqologiisa da inteleqtua-
luri SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba Se-
darebiT rTuli da mravalferovani literaturuli
masalis SerCeva. am etapze mxatvrulma nawarmoebeb-
ma xeli unda Seuwyos moswavleebis damoukidebeli,
SemecnebiTi, SemoqmedebiTi da mxatvrul-esTetiku-
ri gemovnebis ganviTarebas.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ganaTleba da kiTxva
yovelTvis ara aris pirovnuli zrdis sawindari.
fsiqologebi aRniSnaven, rom wigniereba da ganaT-
leba Tu arasworad warimarTa, SesaZloa pirovnuli
Zalebis momadunebeli faqtoric gaxdes. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom pirovnebis TviTganviTarebis stimulis
gasaRviZeblad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs kiTx-
vis xasiaTs (anu raze maxvildeba yuradReba kiTxvis
dros). aq aris swored mniSvnelovani literaturis
maswavleblis roli: ra mimarTulebT warmarTavs igi
mxatvrul teqstze muSaobas. qarTul literatur-
aSi, rogorc klasikur, ise Tanamedrove teqstebSi,
mdidari masalaa im unarebisa faseulobebis Camosay-
alibeblad, romlebsac ganviTarebisa da swavlebis
Teoriebi metad mniSvnelovnad miiCneven [leiaSvili,
2012:].
mkvlevarTa azriT, literaturuli teqstebi
unda gamoirCeodes aqtualuri (rogorc mxatvruli,
ise yofiTi TvalsazrisiT) problematikiT, raTa mo-
zards mieces misTvis mniSvnelovan da saintereso
sakiTxebze msjelobis, gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisis
gamoTqmis saSualeba. sasurvelia, saxelmZRvaneloSi
Sevides sxvadasxva epoqis literaturuli teqstebi,
romlebic mozardTaTvis TvalsaCinos gaxdis lit-

206
eraturaSi asaxuli konkretuli problemebis sxva-
dasxva kulturul konteqstSi, sxvagavarad gaazre-
bis saSualebas (aucileblobas).
Tanamedrove qarTul literaturul nawarmoe-
bebTan erTad sasurvelia ucxouri literaturis im
nimuSebis SeTavazebac, romlebic tipologiisa da
problematikis TvalsazrisiT msgavsebas amJRavnebs
swavlebis am etapisTvis SerCeul mxatvrul nawar-
moebebTan.
wigniereba mxolod skolaSi gatarebul wlebze
ki ar aris damokidebuli, aramed im garemoze, sadac
wignis kiTxvis survili uCndebaT, an uqrebaT. cxa-
dia, am procesSi gadamwyvet rols maswavlebeli as-
rulebs. swored dawyebiT klasebSi miRebuli codna
gansazRvravs moswavleTa SesaZleblobas sabazo da
saSualo safexurze kidev ufro daxvewos gaazre-
buli kiTxvis unari da aimaRlos wignierebis done
[papava, Wanturia, 2011: gv. 53-54].
imisTvis, rom moswavlem moaxerxos mxatvruli
teqstis gageba (da TviTgamoxatva), maswavlebel-
ma unda ganuviTaros mas ara mxolod saazrovno
da kiTxvis unar-Cvevebi, aramed unda aswavlos kri-
tikuli azrovneba. es ki maswavleblisagan goneba-
maxvilobasa da siaxleebisaTvis mzaobas moiTxovs.
Tu maswavlebeli mudmivad ar aris CarTuli Tvi-
Tanalizis, axali codnis kritikulad Sefasebis da
eqsperimentebis procesSi (anu ar aris kritikulad
moazrovne), igi ver SeZlebs am unaris ganviTarebas
moswavleebSi.
am procesSi mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma
ar moaxvios sakuTari azrebi da varaudebi moswav-

207
13. r. f i f i a
leebs. sagnobrivi masalis axsnis dros mTavaria
bavSvebiTvis naTeli iyos, rom esa Tu is informa-
cia SesaZloa ar iyos absolituri WeSmariteba da
rom sruliad SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli varian-
tebis arsebobac. amavdroulad, maswavlebeli unda
exmarebodes moswavleebs maTi sakuTari varaudebis,
msjelobis mudmiv analizSic. igi sarkesaviT unda
ireklavdes bavSvebis ideebs, maT msjelobebs da
ubrunebdes am yovelives maT ukan gansjisaTvis,
Seswavlisa da damatebiTi gaanalizebisaTvis. maswav-
lebelma unda daanaxos bavSvebs, Tu raoden mniS-
vnelovania kritikuli azrovneba da rogor SeiZle-
ba mis ganviTarebaze zrunva sxvisgan (am SemTxvevaSi
maswavleblisagan) damoukideblad. kiTxvaSi dax-
marebis meTodebis analizis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom
wakiTxulis gaazrebis gaumjobeseba mniSvnelovnad
aris SesaZlebeli, Tu moswavleebs mizanmimarTulad
aswavlian: gagebis TviTmonitorings, paragrafis
ZiriTadi azris povnas, kiTxvisas SekiTxvebis das-
mas, kiTxvisas daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis naw-
ilebis dakavSirebas, ZiriTadi informaciis Txro-
bas, teqstis ZiriTadi punqtebis Sejamebas.

208
 gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. esg, 2018: erovnuli saswavlo gegma, sabazo

safexuri, 2018-2024 http://ncp.ge/files–/ESG/NC%20
2018-2024
2. sagnobrivi standarti qarTul enasa da liter-
aturaSi , Tb.,2018.
3. gutbrodi, danelia, 2006: h. gutbrodi, n. dane-
lia, saqmiani urTierTobebi, Tb., 2006.
4. leiaSvili, 2012: n. leiaSvili, `mxatvruli lit-
eraturis ganmaviTarebeli aspeqtebi saswavlo
procesSi~. www.mastsavlebeli.ge. p=3616
5. murRulia, 2018: g. murRulia, sazrisebi, fiqre-
bi qarTul literaturaze, Tb., 2018.
6. saxelaSvili, 2012: T. saxelaSvili, qarTuli
literatura da kolbergis moraluri ganvi-
Tarebis Teoria. www.mastsavlebeli.ge. ?p=3573
7. papava, Wanturia, 2011: p. papava, T. Wanturia,
wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasi-
cocxlo unarebis gzamkvlevi dawyebiTi safex-
uris maswavleblisaTvis, Tb., 2011.

209
 4.2 sabazo safexuris qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saxelmZRvaneloebi da teqstis
swavlebis problemebi skolaSi

kiTxvis dros moswavle gamoxatavs sakuTar

damokidebulebas wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT, avlens
esTetikuri da eTikuri Sefasebis survils. Sedegi
TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle asaxelebs sayvarel wigns,
avtors, personaJs da xsnis Tavis arCevans, Tu riT
aris konkretuli teqsti misTvis saintereso.
moswavleebs teqstis aRqmasa da gaazrebaSi unda
daexmaros kargad Sedgenili saxelmZRvanelo, rome-
lic saSualebas miscems maT swavlis dros iyon mo-
tivirebuli da aRsaqmeli masala iyos saintereso.
rogorc mkvlevarebi gveubnebian `qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saxelmZRvaneloebsa da maswavleblis
wignebs Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, cxadi gaxdeba, rom
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi maTSi sagrZnoblad gaiz-
arda interaqciulobis xarisxi. daaxloebiT xuTi
wlis winandeli wignebisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac aq-
tivobis ZiriTad formad jer kidev e.w. frontaluri
kiTxvebi rCeboda, qarTuli enisa da literaturis
amJamindeli saxelmZRvaneloebi moswavleebs savar-
jiSoTa met mravalferovnebas sTavazobs. maTSi war-
modgenilia damxmare masalebi: istoriuli dokumen-
tebi, fotomasala, ama Tu im kritikosis Sexeduleba
saanalizo teqstis Sesaxeb da misT~ [niniZe, 2012].
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saxelmZRvaneloeb-
Si TiToeuli gakveTilis masala gamiznulia ori fa-
zisaTvis. erTia mkiTxvelis pasuxis faza da meore
- maswavleblis daxmarebis faza.
210
 literaturis swavlebis meTodikis Teoriuli
safuZvlebica da praqtikuli gamocdilebac gvkar-
naxobs, rom swavlebis efeqturad ganxorcieleba
mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, rodesac moswavleebs
jer eZlevaT Sesaswavli masala da mxolod amis Sem-
deg ganixileba gakveTilis miznad dasaxuli sakiTxe-
bi, is ZiriTadi informacia, risi flobac moswavlis
mier mocemuli teqstis srulyofili gaazrebisa da
SemecnebisaTvis aris aucilebeli, win unda uZRodes
teqsts. magaliTad: avtoris biografia da Janrisa
Tu epoqis kritikuli mimoxilva. Tuki nawarmoe-
bis aRqmisaTvis aucilebelia istoriuli viTarebis
codna, maSin teqsts Tan erTvis Sesabamisi istori-
uli analizebi, xolo, Tu saWiroa mxatvruli xerx-
ebis codna, ganimarteba Sesabamisi cnebebi da maTi
saxelmdebeli terminebi, amasTanave mosamzadebel
nawilSi moswavle iRebs informacias nawarmoebisa
da misi avtoris Sesaxeb.
Tavad nawarmoebis teqsts win uZRvis mkiTxv-
elis dRiuris sawarmoebeli weriTi davaleba. am
tipis davalebaSi mocemulia nawarmoebis ZiriTadi
Tema da moswavles evaleba am Temis pirad gamoc-
dilebasTan dakavSireba. magaliTad: Tu nawarmoe-
bis mTavari gmiris Temaa Rirsebadakarguli, mxdali
adamianis gancdebi, SeiZleba moswavles daevalos im
SemTxvevis gaxseneba, rodesac mas hqonda mamacurad
moqcevis Sansi da ver gamoiyena. aseTi davalebis
Sesrulebisas moswavle ueWvelad dafiqrdeba zo-
gadad simamaceze, gambedaobaze, vaJkacobaze da
sakuTar pirovnebas Seafasebs maTi sazomiT. ami-
tom savaraudoa, rom moswavle moaxerxebs mwerlis

211
saTqmelTan azrobrivi da emociuri kavSiris dam-
yarebas. emociuri kavSiris damyarebas ki litera-
turisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs.
uSualod teqstis kiTxvisa da damuSavebis pro-
cesSi moswavleebi pasuxoben nawarmoebis Sesaxeb
klasSi maT mierve wamoWril kiTxvebs (ratom? ro-
gor?). am kiTxvebis meSveobiT yuradReba gamaxvil-
deba siuJetis ganviTarebis pasaJebsa da im sakvanZo
momentebze, rac dasamuSavebel monakveTSia mocemu-
li. es SekiTxvebi ar miscems moswavles arc erTi
mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gamotovebis saSualebas.
swored es SekiTxvebia saukeTeso saSualeba, rom
moswavlem imogzauros moTxrobil samyaroSi.
maswavlebelma unda STaagonos moswavleebi,
unda gagebinos maT, rom avtori da mkiTxveli er-
Tad qmnian samyaros, romelSic mogzauroben. rom
maT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqsti mxolod
niSnis misaReb masalad ar unda aRiqvan, aramed, misi
wakiTxviT da SeswavliT, pirvel rigSi, Tavad unda
miiRon siamovneba. unda gaagebinos isic, rom yove-
li mkiTxveli, piradi gamocdilebidan da individu-
aluri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, Taviseburad
kiTxulobs da ganmartavs mxatvrul literaturas
(amiT pedagogi bavSvebs sxvisi azris pativiscemas
aswavlis da moswavleebic Tamamad gamoTqvamen Ta-
vianT Sexedulebebs). is, rom literaturul teqsts
sxvadasxva individi sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvams, su-
lac ar niSnavs imas, rom erT romelime teqsts meti
informaciis mocema SeuZlia, vidre sxvas. swavlis
procesSi teqsti ki ar icvlis mniSvnelobas, aramed
drois manZilze izrdeba, Rrmavdeba da farTovde-

212
ba moswavlis mier mocemuli teqstidan amokiTxuli
informaciis odenoba. ufro metic, droTa ganmav-
lobaSi ufro ukeT swvdeba teqstis im mniSvnelobas,
rac yvelasTvis saerToa, anu swvdeba imisTvis, rom
moswavle karg mkiTxvelad (da teqstis karg aRmqme-
lad) Camoyalibdes, maswavlebelma es orive kompo-
nenti unda gaaerTianos da ise miawodos klass. mag.:
v. rodonaias jgufis mier gamocemul meSvide kla-
sis maswavleblis saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia mi-
TiTeba, romelic maswavlebels uxsnis, rom saskolo
(moswavlis) saxelmZRvaneloSi paragrafebi saswavlo
procesis gaTvaliswinebiT sam araTanabar nawilad
iyofa. pirveli nawilis funqcia erTgvarad Semamza-
debelia da mas pirobiTad SeiZleba vuwodoT `te-
qstis wakiTxvamde~. maswavlebelma xmamaRla unda
waikiTxos klasSi, Semdeg dasvas samotivacio kiTx-
vebi. kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis mere moswavleebi iw-
yeben leqsikonze muSaobas da am yvelafris Semdeg
iwyeba kiTxva.
rTuli teqsti da poeturi nawarmoebebi sasur-
velia, rom maswvlebelma Tavad waikiTxos xmamaRla,
SedarebiT ioli teqstebi ki - moswavleebma unda
waikiTxon Cumad an wyvilebSi. teqstis wakiTxvis
Semdeg maswavlebeli amowmebs nawarmoebis gagebis
dones TandarTuli kiTxvaris meSveobiT, aqedan iw-
yeba paragrafis mesame nawili: `teqstis wakiTxvis
Semdeg~. teqstis gagebaze orientirebul kiTxvars
mosdevs savarjiSoebi da rubrikebi `es saintere-
soa!~ `daimaxsovreT!~ CarCoSi ki Casmulia cnebaTa
ganmartebebi da sxvadasxva Teoriuli saxis infor-
macia. maswavleblis wignis garda vaxtang rodona-

213
ias jgufis mier gamocemul saskolo saxelZRvane-
loSic aris mocemuli miTiTebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu
rogor unda moaxerxos moswavlem mxatvrul teqst-
Tan `gamklaveba~. magaliTad, moswavlis saxelmZ-
RvaneloSi mocemulia kiTxvis strategiebi sabazo
swavlebis pirvel safexurze (anu VII klasSi). unda
aRiniSnos, rom vaxtang rodonaias jgufi ar aZlevs
moswavleebs miTiTebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
unda waikiTxon mxatvruli teqsti. aq wamyvani fig-
ura maswavlebelia da maszea damokidebuli romel
meTods gamoiyenebs teqstis wakiTxvisas. am klasis
saxelmZRvanelo ZiriTad aqcents bavSvis fantazi-
is ganviTarebaze akeTebs (mag.: mocemulia `fantazi-
is es gakveTili-anu rogor iwereba literaturuli
zRapari~, literaturuli zRapris bolos darTuli
es patara qveTavi aCvenebs moswavleebs ra gansxvave-
baa xalxur da literaturul zRapars Soris. imisT-
vis ki, rom es gansxvaveba kargad gaigon da gaiazron
bavSvebma, saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli da CamoT-
vlilia is 11 moqmedeba rac damaxasiaTebelia xalx-
uri zRaprisaTvis. es 11 motivia:
1. gmiris saxlidan wasvla.
2. raRacis akrZalva.
3. akrZalvis darRveva.
4. Zieba (gmiri eZebs raRacas an viRacas).
5. devna (gmirs devnian).
6. daxmareba-damxmare Zalisagan jadosnuri sa-
Sualebis miReba
7. gmirisaTvis gamorCeulobis aRmniSvneli niSnis
miniWeba.
8. gmiris gadarCena.

214
 9. saxeSecvlili gmiri brundeba Sin an mkvidrdeba
sxva qveyanaSi.
10. gmiri aRwevs sawadels (poulobs saocnebo adg-
ils).
11. cru gmiris gamoCena, mxileba da dasja.
es ganmartebebi Zalian mniSvnelovania imisTvis,
rom moswavlem warmatebulad moaxerxos teqstze
muSaoba da im sirTuleebTan gamklaveba, rac mas am
teqstis Seswavlis dros SeiZleba Sexvdes.
VII klasSi saxelmZRvanelo moswavles warmod-
genas uqmnis kiTxvaze, imaze, Tu rogor waikiTxos
man saswavlo da sainformacio literatura. wignSi
mocemulia paragrafebi Semdegi qveTavebiT: kiTxvis
saxeebi, aqtiuri kiTxvis strategiebi da a.S.
sabazo safexuris merve da mecxre klasSi ki
ukve sistematuradaa paragrafebi saTauriT: kiTx-
vis strategiebi. es paragrafebi moswavleebs ux-
snis konkretuli Temis misTvis ucnob (da teqstis
gasagebad mniSvnelovan) sakiTxebs (mag., rodonaias
jgufis VIII klasis saxelmZRvaneloSi 24-e gverdze
mocemulia kiTxvis strategia `ra saWiroa per-
ifrazi?~, rac moswavles did daxmarebas uwevs am
TavSi Sesaswavli masalis ukeT aRqmaSi. am TavSi ki
Sedis vaJa-fSavelas `ram Semqmna adamianad~, nodar
dumbaZis `korida~... amave wignSia 41-e gverdze, Tav-
is, `balada adamianur TanagrZnobebze - anu rogor
iqmneba xalxuri sityvierebis nimuSebi~, mocemulia
kiTxvis strategia: `ra gvexmareba xalxuri sityvier-
ebis ukeT gagebaSi?~, aseve 120-123-e gverdebze, Ses-
aswavli masalis daviT kldiaSvilis `Cemi cxovrebis
gzaze-s~ qveS mocemulia kiTxvis strategia: `rogor

215
unda vikiTxoT avtobiografiuli nawarmoebi~...).
frCxilebSi moyvanili magaliTebiT Cven kargad vxe-
davT, rom saxelmZRvanelos Semdgenlebi did yur-
adRebas uTmoben kiTxvas, romlis sworad swavlebac
avtomaturad ganapirobebs Sesaswavli teqstis gage-
basa da TviTgamoxatvas da misi mniSvnelobis gaazre-
bas moswavleebis mxridan. Tu rogor moaxerxebs mos-
wavle kiTxvis aTvisebasa da daZlevas maswavleblis
codnaze, mondomebasa da ostatobaze, sagakveTilo
drois sworad dagegmvaze, klasis saerTo moTxov-
nilebebis gaTvaliswinebasa da orive mxridan (ro-
gorc moswavlis, aseve maswavleblis) mondomebazea
damokidebuli. asevea ganlagebuli sakiTxavi masala
IX klasis saxelmZRvaneloSic, unda aRiniSnos, rom
es erTgvari Tanmimdevroba, romelic am avtorTa
jgufis saxelmZRvaneloebSia moazrebuli, saSualo
safexurze literaturuli teqstebis gagebisTvis
moswavleebis momzadebis sawindaria.
Cven SevecadeT Segveswavla naTela maRlake-
liZis jgufis mier Sedgenil qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saxelmZRvaneloebi sabazo safex-
uris moswavleebisTvis. gansxvaveba am ori jgufis
mier gamocemul wignebSi mniSvnelovania (magaliT-
ad maRlakeliZis jgufis moswavlis wignebSi (sabazo
safexurze) Cven ver vnaxeT rubrika `kiTxvis strat-
egiebi~, es rubrika ki did daxmarebas uwevs moswav-
les mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebasa da gagebaSi. am
saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemulia rubrikebi: sityvis
salaro, sadac axsnilia sityvebi da gamoTqmebi,
romlebic teqstis kiTxvisas moswavlisaTvis Sei-
Zleba gaugebari aRmoCndes. aseve: gavigoT, gaviaz-

216
roT, SevafasoT - am pirobiTi niSnebiT aRniSnulia
sxvadasxva tipis kiTxvebi, romlebic dalagebulia
TanmimdevrobiT (blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT) da
romelic moswavleebs exmareba wakiTxuli teqstis
gaazrebaSi, magram Cveni azriT, am wignis mixedviT
moswavleebi zedmetad damokidebulni xdebian mas-
wavlebelze, radganac ar aqvT miTiTebebi ama Tu im
tipis teqstSi raze unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba da
iZulebulni xdebian daelodon maswavleblis mier
xmamaRla wakiTxvasa da miniSnebebs.
maswavleblis wigni, rogorc avtorebi gveub-
nebian, warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs pedagoge-
bisTvis, romelSic mocemulia ramdenime gakveTilis
sanimuSo `scenari~. am scenarebSi CarTulia is uax-
lesi meTodebi, romelTa umravlesoba axla ikidebs
fexs da am kuTxiT avtorebs miaCniaT, rom es wigni
saintereso iqneba profesionalebisTvis. TiToeuli
scenaris bolos mocemulia `mosalodneli Sedege-
bi~. avtorebi imasac aRniSnaven, rom aq warmodgenili
`scenarebi~ mxolod sainteresoa da ara savaldebu-
lo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos Tavisi survilis-
amebr meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois
ganawileba, aqtivobebi da a.S. masalis damuSave-
ba gaTvaliswinebulia inteleqtualuri meTodebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs rogorc kiTx-
vis strategiebis dauflebas, ise moswavleTa Semoq-
medebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi
teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTx-
vebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT,
gaviazroT, SevafasoT.
mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT isic, rom mozards Se-

217
eqmnas garkveuli Teoriuli warmodgena litera-
turis, rogorc socialur-kulturuli fenomenis
Sesaxeb, SeZlos yofiTi realobisa da mxatvruli
gamonagonis urTierTmimarTebis Taviseburebebis
gacnobiereba.

218
 gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. esg, 2018: erovnuli saswavlo gegma, sabazo

safexuri, 2018-2024 http://ncp.ge/files–/ESG/NC%20
2018-2024
2. tabataZe i. tabataZe, maswavleblis mosaz-
reba-daxanebis dro ar aris. www.mastsavlebeli.
ge
3. niniZe, 2012: q. niniZe, interaqciuloba da qar-
Tulis gakveTilebi. http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=3597
4. maRlakeliZe da sxv., 2012: n.maRlakeliZe, n.
jaSi, n. Todua `qarTuli ena da literatura~.
VII klasi. maswavleblis wigni. Tb., 2012.
5. rodonaia da sxv., 1,2012: rodonaia v, arabuli
a. xuciSvili m. maswavleblis wigni qarTul ena-
sa da literaturaSi (VII klasi). Tb. 2012.
6. rodonaia da sxv., 2, 2012: rodonaia v, arabu-
li a; xuciSvili m. maswavleblis wigni qarTul
enasa da literaturaSi (VIII klasi). Tb.: 2012.
7. rodonaia da sxv., 3, 2012: rodonaia v, arabuli
a; xuciSvili m. maswavleblis wigni qarTul ena-
sa da literaturaSi (IX klasi). Tb.: 2012.

219
 4.3 blumis taqsonomia da misi gamoyeneba
mxatvruli literaturis swavlebisas

teqstis wakiTxvisa da misi gagebis efeqturoba

damokidebulia mkiTxvelis gamocdilebaze, zogad
codnaze, mis leqsikur maragze, sintaqsis codnasa
da sityvis amocnobis Cvevebze. teqstis gaazrebis
zogierTi sirTule ganpirobebulia sityvis deko-
direbisa da amocnobis mwiri CvevebiT; sxva sirTu-
leebi ki pidapir aris dakavSirebuli sityvebis mniS-
vnelobis gagebasTan da teqstis sxvadasxva nawilebs
Soris mimarTebis damyarebis gaZnelebasTan.
cnobilia, rom sityvis dekodireba ar aris
sakmarisi kargi kiTxvisaTvis, aucilebelia wakiTx-
ulis gaazreba. garda sityvebis amocnobisa da maTi
swrafi wakiTxvisa, metad mniSvnelovania am sityve-
bis mniSvnelobis codna, maTi Tanmimdevrul azrad
gaerTianeba, winadadebebis amokiTxvisas da maTSi
gadmocemuli Setyobinebis azris gageba.
umetes SemTxvevaSi, im moswavleebs, visac uWirs
sityvebis dekodireba da cnoba, daqveiTebuli aqvT
wakiTxulis gaazrebis unari. Tumca, ukanaskneli
periodis gamokvlevebiT, teqstis gageba im moswav-
leebsac uWirT, vinc swrafad cnobs sityvebs da ara
aqvs dekodirebis problemebi. skolis moswavleTa
10-15%-s aReniSneba wakiTxulis gaazrebis sxvadasx-
va saxis problema. mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, rom es
problemebi pirvel klasebSi ar mJRavndeba da mos-
wavleebs sirTuleebi Semdeg klasebSi eqmnebaT. am
dros ki daxmarebis aRmoCena dagvianebulia da arc
ise efeqturi, gansakuTrebiT meoradi problemebis

220
- dabali TviTSefasebisa da motivaciis gamo. mos-
wavleebisaTvis, visac wakiTxulidan azris gamotana
uWirs, kiTxva usiamovno procesia da isini cdilo-
ben, Tavi aaridon wignebs [vestvudi, 2010: gv. 97].
wakiTxulis gaazreba rTuli SemecnebiTi pro-
cesia. igi gacilebiT ufro Rrma da mravalwaxnago-
vania, vidre teqstSi Semavali sityvebis dekodireba
an sityvebis gageba. gamokvlevebiTa da praqtikiT
dadasturebulia, rom teqstis swori dekodirebis
anu swori wakiTxvis miuxedavad, zogjer moswavlee-
bi mainc ver igeben wakiTxuls; an piriqiT, miuxeda-
vad kiTxvisas daSvebuli mravali Secdomisa, moswav-
le mainc sworad igebs wakiTxuls.
wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebis ganyenebulad ganx-
ilva mizanSewonili ar aris. wakiTxulis gaazrebaze
zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva faqtori, magram gansa-
kuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia ori piroba:
1) teqstis xasiaTi (teqstis logikuri gamar-
Tuloba; konkretuloba, konteqstis mniSvelobis
sicxade, leqsikuri maxasiaTeblebi da a. S.);
2) mkiTxvelis fsiqologiuri ganwyoba da misgan
gamomdinare motivacia (rogor kiTxulobs adamiani:
formalurad, `gakveTilis saswavlad”, nawarmoebis
Sinaarsisa da siuJetisadmi interesis gamo, siam-
ovnebisaTvis, praqtikuli informaciis misaRebad da
a.S.).
maswavlebelma swavlebis meTodikis SerCevisas
orive faqtori unda gaiTvaliswinos.
Tanamedrove saswavlo procesis warmatebuli
marTvisTvis aucilebelia moswavleebSi wakiTxulis
gaazrebis unaris gamomuSaveba. teqsti, saskolo mas-

221
ala iqneba is Tu klasgareSe, moicavs azrs, Sinaarss
da misi interpretacia moswavleTa mier SeiZleba sx-
vadasxvagvari iyos. teqstis gageba-gaazrebis mrava-
li strategia arsebobs, Tumca upirvelesi amocana
moswavleebSi kiTxvis unaris ganviTareba da Camoy-
alibebaa.
kiTxvis swavla aucileblad gulisxmobs konk-
retuli enis dekodirebis wesebis swavlas, anu enis
grafikuli erTeulebis (asos, simbolos, piqtogram-
is) gagebas. am Sesatyvisobis dadgenas, Seswavlas
da Semdgom avtomatizirebas dekodirebis procesi
ewodeba. dekodirebis wesebi damokidebulia konk-
retuli enis damwerlobis sistemaze: qarTul enas
anbanuri damwerloba aqvs, romlis yoveli sametyve-
lo bgera-fonemas Seesabameba grafikuli gamosax-
uleba, grafema-aso [gagoSiZe, 2010: gv. 8].
wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesi mravali kogni-
turi unaris gamoyenebiT mimdinareobs da sam gansx-
vavebul dones moicavs: gagebis, daskvnis gamotanisa
da kritikuli azrovnebis dones.
mkiTxveli Tavdapirvelad teqstSi mocemul in-
formacias krebs, rac exmareba gagebis procesSi, Sem-
deg gamoaqvs daskvnebi im movlenis Sesaxeb, romelic
teqstSi dafarulia. yvelaze maRali done kritiku-
li kiTxvaa, rodesac mkiTxvels SeuZlia wakiTxulis
ara marto gaazreba da daskvnis gamotana, aramed Se-
faseba, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis damyareba da
axali konstruqciebis warmoeba [lobJaniZe, 2010: gv.
1].
teqstis wakiTxvisa da misi gagebis efeqturoba
damokidebulia mkiTxvelis gamocdilebaze, zogad

222
codnaze, mis leqsikur maragze, sintaqsis codnasa
da sityvis amocnobis Cvevebze. teqstis gaazrebis
zogierTi sirTule ganpirobebulia sityvis dekodi-
rebisa da amocnobis mwiri CvevebiT; sxva siaxleebi
ki pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli sityvebis mniSvn-
elobis gagebasTan da teqstis sxvadasxva nawilebs
Soris dekodirebis damyarebasTan [kutalaZe, 2010:
gv. 8].
wakiTxulis gaazreba SeiZleba ganisazRvros
rogorc azrovnebis aqtiuri procesi, romlis sa-
SualebiTac mkiTxveli TviTon igebs wakiTxulis
mniSvnelobas teqstSi mocemuli informaciisa da
azris ufro Rrmad gasagebad.
teqstis gagebis mizniT mkiTxvelma Tavisi ga-
mocdilebidan unda amoarCios da gamoiyenos te-
qstis Sesatyvisi informacia, da amave dros kiTx-
visas miRebuli siaxle moawesrigos, gaiazros da
interpretacia gaukeTos. teqstis efeqtiani inter-
pretacia moicavs: sityvebis swraf dekodirebasa da
amocnobas, teqstidan miRebuli informaciis dakav-
Sirebas sakuTar gamocdilebasTan, wakiTxulis gaaz-
rebis strategiebis gamoyenebas: mTavari ideis gam-
oyofa, teqstis nawilebs Soris mimarTebis dadgena,
kiTxvebis dasma, daskvnis gakeTeba da a.S. [kutalaZe,
2010: gv. 97-98].
imisTvis, rom bavSvebs efeqturad aswavlos
azrovneba (aaTvisebinos saazrovno unar-Cvevebi),
maswavleblebisTvis arsebobs sxvadasxva saazrov-
no (SemecnebiTi) unarebis klasifikaciebi, romelTa
codnac exmareba maT, ukeT dagegmon swavlebis pro-
cesi da moaxdinon moswavlis azrovnebis aqtivacia.

223
14. r. f i f i a
am SemecnebiTi klasifikaciebidan erT-erTia blu-
mis taqsonomia, romelic specialurad ganaTlebis
miznebisTvis Seiqmna. saswavlo procesSi dainerga
swavleba blumis taqsonomiis gamoyenebiT, rac kar-
gad esadageba sabazo safexuris moswavleTa swav-
lebis meTodikas da teqstis gageba-gaazrebis swori
gziT warmarTvas uwyobs xels.
zogadad, taqsonomia aris klasifikaciis prin-
cipebis nakrebi an struqtura. blumis mixedviT,
azrovnebis an Semecnebis unari eqvs doned SeiZleba
daiyos. es doneebia: codna, gageba, gamoyeneba, ana-
lizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba. azrovnebis es doneebi
safexurebad aris ganlagebuli, sadac yoveli mom-
devno done ufro rTuldeba da moicavs erT an ram-
denime wina dones. codna, gageba da gamoyeneba qveda
doneSi moiazreba, xolo analizi, sinTezi da Sefase-
ba - zeda doneSi [rogor vaswavloT, 2007: gv.18].
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke:
codna niSnavs raimes Sesaxeb informaciis qonas
da raime saqmis an moqmedebis Sesasruleblad saWiro
xerxebis flobas (codnaSi igulisxmeba faqtebis,
wesebis, principebis, Teoriebis, TariRebis, pro-
cesebis, obieqtebis, stilis, movlenebis cnoba da
dasaxeleba da a.S.).
gageba ganixileba, rogorc azrovnebis qveda
donis unar-Cveva da zogadad, igi gulisxmobs naswav-
li masalis mniSvnelobis wvdomas (kerZod: faqtebis,
wesebis, principebis, Teoriebis, procesebis, obi-
eqtebis, stilis, movlenebis, sakuTari sityvebiT
aRwera da a.S.)
gamoyeneba ganixileba, rogorc azrovnebis qveda

224
donis unar-Cveva da zogadad, igi gulisxmobs adre
Tvisebuli codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas. kerZod:
• codnis sxvadasxva situaciaSi (konteqstSi) mox-
mareba;
• modelis (naswavli wesis) mixedviT davalebis,
samuSaos Sesruleba;
• proceduris ganxorcieleba;
• kanonzomierebis moqmedebis farglebis gansaz-
Rvra.
analizi aris saazrovno unar-Cveva, romlis
drosac xdeba mTliani sagnis nawilebis, mxareebis
da Tvisebebis gamoyofa adamianis warmodgenaSi,
cnobierebaSi. mTliani sagnis aseT daSlas analizi
ewodeba. masSi igulisxmeba:
• masalis Semadgenel nawilebad dayofa: nawilebis
Sedareba-Sepirispireba.
• nawilebs Soris kavSiris an struqturis danaxva.
• movlenis mizezis axsna da a.S.
sinTezi aris saazrovno unar-Cveva, romel-
ic analizis sawinaaRmdego process warmoadgens.
sinTezi gulisxmobs calke mocemuli elementebis
(nawilebis, Tvisebebis) gonebaSi gaerTianebas axali
struqturuli mTlianobis saxiT. magaliTad, naw-
ilebisagan axali mTelis Sedgena, calke Tvisebebis
gaerTianeba axali mTliani Sinaarsis saxiT da a.S.
b. blumis mixedviT sinTezSi igulisxmeba:
• nawilebis SeerTeba axali struqturis (mag., te-
qstis) Sesaqmnelad;
• hipoTezis wamoyeneba;
• kvlevis an referatis dagegmva;
• SemoqmedebiTi produqtis Seqmna da a.S.

225
 Sefaseba aris azrovnebis zeda donis unar-Cveva
da zogadad, igi gulisxmobs, arCeuli kriteriume-
bis (mag.: raodenoba, xarisxi, xangrZlivoba da a.S.)
garkveuli kategoriisadmi mikuTvnebas, standar-
tebze (am kriteriumis Sesabamisi standartuli sa-
zomi erTeulebi, sazogadoebaSi miRebuli normebi,
Rirebulebebi da wesebi) da pirobebze (konteqsti,
sazRvrebi, resursebi, moqmedebis dro da adgili da
sxva) dayrdnobiT raimeze msjelobas an daskvnebis
gamotanas. kerZod:
• sakuTari poziciis (arCevanis) argumentirebu-
li dasabuTeba;
• garkveul kriteriumebze an standartebze
dayrdnobiT daskvnebis gakeTeba;
• poziciisa da misi kontrargumentebis ganxil-
vis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotana;
• modelis (sistemis) moqmedebis Sefaseba da sxva.
mkvlevrebi, pirobiTad, codnas gagebas da ga-
moyenebas uwodeben azrovnebis qveda donis saaz-
rovno unarebs, xolo analizs, sinTezs da Sefasebas
azrovnebis zeda donis saazrovno unarebs. sinTezi
da Sefaseba SesaZloa gadanacvldes imisda mixedviT,
Tu ra saxisaa Sefaseba. Tu Sefaseba ar aris strate-
giuli da ar ukavSirdeba gadawyvetilebis miRebas,
maSin igi ufro naklebad rTuli saazrovno operacia
iqneba, vidre sinTezi (Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001).
zemoT aRniSnulis kargad gaazreba xels Seu-
wyobs moswavleebSi TviTrealizacias. TviTreal-
izacia ki Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs codnis SeZenis,
samyaros Secnobisa da gagebis, pirovnuli zrdisa
da ganviTarebis survils. amis codna moswavleTa

226
TviTsrulyofis motivaciis amaRlebasac Seuwyobs
xels [leiaSvili, 2012].
imisTvis, rom moswavle blumis taqsonimiis
maRal safexurebs daeuflos saWiroa Zlieri mo-
tivacia, radgan rogorc literaturis kritikosi
levan bregaZe aRniSnavs, adamianebi midrekilni ar-
ian inertulobisaken (sizarmacisaken), am inerciis
daZleva ki, mxolod Zlieri motivaciiT aris Sesa-
Zlebeli, rac Tavis mxriv efeqturad swavlas ganap-
irobebs [bregaZe, 2015].
blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT, azrovnebis sxva-
dasxva donis aqtivacia warmatebiT SeiZleba ganx-
orcieldes yvela saganSi, magram, radgan Cven qar-
Tuli ena da literatura gvainteresebs, am sagnis
magaliTs moviyvanT. magaliTad, qarTuli enisa da
literaturis gakveTilze maswavlebeli moswavleebs
uxsnis giorgi leoniZis moTxroba, `natvris xe~. am
Temis miwodeba blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT Sei-
Zleba ise, rom amoqmeddes moswvleebis azrovnebis
sxvadasxva done:
codna – moiZiebs teqstSi epizodebs, romleb-
Sic diakvan elefTeris Tvisebebi da xasiaTia aR-
werili.
gageba – gadmoscems sakuTari sityvebiT, Tu
rogori adamiania diakvani elefTeri.
gamoyeneba – gansazRvravs, ra gramatikul sa-
Sualebebs iyenebs avtori mxatvruli epiTetebis
Sesaqmnelad.
analizi – xsnis, ratom daeZebda mudmivad el-
iozi xan oqros kvercxis mdebel qaTams, xan naTel-
Tevzas da xanac – natvris xes.

227
 sinTezi – adarebs erTmaneTs diakvan elefTer-
sa da eliozs. gamoyofs im Tvisebebs, romlebiTac
isini erTmaneTisagan radikalurad gansxvavdebian
da adgens misTvis idealuri adamianis portrets.
Sefaseba – afasebs eliozis cxovrebis wess.
xsnis, ratom `gaimeta~ igi avtorma aseTi sikvdili-
saTvis. moiTxovs pasuxis dasabuTebas.
zemoT naTqvamis gaTavisebisa da gagebisaTvis
mniSvnelovania, rom qarTuli literaturis saswav-
lo programaSi saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebma da
maswavleblebma Semoitanon meti sicxade da aqamde
tabudadebuli Temebis irgvliv warmarTon kvlevebi
da diskusiebi [niniZe, 2012].
axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gamocdis
mizniT Catarebulma kvlevam specialistebs uCvena,
rom maswavleblebi da moswavleebi garkveul sirTu-
leebs awydebian azrovnebis zeda donis davalebebis
Sesrulebis dros, amas Tavisi mizezi gaaCnia:

maswavleblebi miCveulebi arian codnis, gage-
bis da gamoyenebis doneebze muSaobas, radganac
tradiciuli meTodiT swavleba mxolod am do-
neebze muSaobiT Semoifargleboda;

maswavleblebs naklebi gamocdileba aqvT az-
rovnebis zeda doneebis aqtivaciasa da az-
rovnebis procesis warmarTvaSi;

moswavlis winaSe dasmuli rTuli SekiTxva Tav-
isTavad ar ganapirobebs mis CarTvas azrovnebis
zeda donis amoqmedebis procesSi. Tu moswav-
lis unarebi ar aris saTanadod momwifebuli am
kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, maSin igi mxolod
azrovnebis qveda donis unr-CvevebiT Semoifar-

228
 gleba [rogor vaswavloT, 2007: gv. 24].
mkvlevrebi imasac gviCveneben, Tu ra suraTia
gavrcelebuli amJamad saskolo praqtikaSi da ram-
denad xdeba analizis, sinTezis da Sefasebis donee-
bze azrovnebis amoqmedeba.
analizis done: xSirad moswavle ver axerxebs
analizis, gakeTebas da amis gamo aRweraze gadadis.
mag.: roca maswavlebeli moswavles avalebs ori obi-
eqtis Sefasebas, sruliad SesaZlebelia (da mosal-
odnelia), rom bavSvebma dawvrilebiT aRweron isini,
Tumca ver moaxerxon maTi Sedareba raime kriteri-
umze, sqemaze dayrdnobiT.
sinTezis done: sinTezis dones xSirad enacv-
leba gamoyeneba. moswavlisTvis micemuli mokle in-
struqcia `dawere Txzuleba an Caatare eqsperimen-
ti~ TavisTavad ar iwvevs moswavlis SemoqmedebiTi
potencialis amoqmedebas. igi cdilobs nimuSis mo-
Zebnas da imis mixedviT davalebis Sesrulebas. aseve,
rodesac instruqcia aris vrceli da detaluri da
moswavles evaleba raime produqtis Seqmna, maswav-
lebels SeiZleba egonos, rom moswavlis azrovne-
ba sinTezis donezea asuli. Tumca, sinamdvileSi es
iyos mxolod gamoyenebis done, radgan detalurad
micemuli instruqcia mis fantazias zRudavs.
Sefasebis done: Sefasebis done xSirad Semoifar-
gleba mxolod emociuri damokidebulebis gamoxat-
viT, ar xdeba kriteriumebis gamoyofa, ris mixedvi-
Tac unda Seafason moswavleebma garkveuli obieqti.
aseve, ar xdeba am kriteriumebis mniSvnelobasa da
Rirebulebaze msjeloba. mag.: maswavlebeli mos-
wavles aZlevs davalebas, romelSic evaleba saku-

229
Tari poziciis Camoyalibeba, arCevanis gakeTeba or
an ramdenime mosazrebas Soris. moswavle pasuxobs:
`me veTanxmebi `a~-s mosazrebas, radgan is marTals
ambobs~. moswavle ar akeTebs imis dasabuTebas, Tu
ratom miaCnia mocemuli mosazreba WeSmaritad an ra
SeiZleba CaiTvalos `marTlad~ da ratom.
skolaSi azrovnebis zeda doneebis asamoqmede-
blad maswavleblebma unda gamoiyenon specialuri
meTodikebi. erT-erTi meTodikaa maswavleblis mier
damazustebeli SekiTxvebis dasma, romlebic moswav-
les swori mimarTulebiT waiyvans. Tu moswavle ver
axerxebs da micemul davalebas ver asrulebs, mas-
wavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos misi codnis done
da amocanis tipi, amis mixedviT SearCios damazuste-
beli SekiTxvebi, romlebic ufro qveda doneebze
gadis. isic SesaZlebelia, rom maswavlebeli sul
qveda – codnis doneze Camovides da Semdeg, nabij-
nabij avides zeda doneze. maswavlebelma moswav-
les unda aswavlos amocanis Semadgenel nawilebad
(qve-amocanebad) dayofa. specialistebs miaCniaT,
rom amis saukeTeso magaliTi sinTezis doneze ganx-
orcielebuli davalebebia. mxatvruli namuSevris
Temis SerCeva, mxatvruli xerxis SerCeva, namuSevar-
Si aqcentebis dasma, yvela sinTezis dones moiTxovs.
amocanis elementebad dayofa moswavles exmareba
davalebis sworad SesrulebaSi. ase rom, damazuste-
beli kiTxvebis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovan samsaxurs
uwevs maswavlebels azrovnebis swavlebaSi.
mniSvnelovania is, rom maswavlebeli kiTxvis
da azrovnebis swavlebis Teoriuli codnis garda,
mis danergvas praqtikaSi unda cdilobdes. aseve,

230
unda flobdes da axerxebdes saswavlo proces-
Si am TeoriebisaTvis saWiro meTodebis misadage-
bas. dRes, moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebisas,
mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove midgomebi, romlebic
imiTaa angariSgasawevi, rom maTSi asaxulia wina
periodSi gavrcelebuli (tradiciuli swavlebisas)
popularuli meTodebis Zlieri mxareebic. es mid-
goma kiTxvis saswavleblad iyenebs literaturas da
fokusirebulia teqstis Sinaarsis gagebaze

231
 literatura:

1. vestvudi, 2010: p. vestvudi wakiTxulis gaazre-

bis sirTuleebi, wignSi: rogor vaswavloT kiTx-
va, Tb., 2010.
2. gagoSiZe, 2010: T. gagoSiZe, kiTxvis Tanamedrove
modelebi da swavlebis praqtika, wignSi rogor
vaswavloT kiTxva Tb., 2010.
3. lobJaniZe 2010: kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi 1,
red. s. lobJaniZe. Tb., 2010.
4. kutalaZe, 2010: rogor vaswavloT kiTxva, red.
i. kutalaZe, Tb., 2010.
5. rogor vaswavloT., 2007: rogor vaswavloT mos-
wavleebs azrovneba, erovnuli saswavlo gegme-
bisa da Sefasebis centri, Tb., 2007.
6. leiaSvili, 2012: n. leiaSvili, mxatvruli lit-
eraturis ganmaviTarebeli aspeqtebi saswavlo
procesSi,http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=3616
7. bregaZe, 2015: l. bregaZe, swavleba-Zneli xe-
lovnebaa, http://mastsavlebeli.–ge/?p=2604
8. niniZe, 2012: niniZe literaturuli kanoni, http://
mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=3495

232
 4.4 ,,vefxistyaosnis~ swavlebis sakiTxebi

moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis, maTi piro-

vnebis, moTxovnilebebisa da Rirebulebebis ganvi-
Tareba, kritikuli azrovnebis Camoyalibeba gaxda
saganmanaTleblo sistemis axali amocana. mxatvru-
li literaturis, rogorc saskolo sagnis swavle-
ba, am amocanis gadaWris mTavari RerZia, radganac
is samarTlianadaa miCneuli adamianTmcodneobad da
Sesabamisad, mxatvrulad asaxavs garesamyarosTan
pirovnebis emociur da racionalur urTierTobas.
dRes ganaTlebis dargis profesionalebi ar
daoben imaze, rom swavlebis axalma moTxovnebma ax-
ali sirTuleebis winaSe daayena Tundac iseTi pop-
ularuli sagnis maswavlebeli, rogoric mSobliuri
ena da literaturaa. Cven irgvliv arsebuli realo-
ba yvelasgan erTnairad moiTxovs sakuTar cnobi-
erebaSi davnergoT swavlisa da swavlebis is axali
Teoriebi, romlebic SemdgomSi miRebuli codnis
gamoyenebasa da praqtikul gaazrebaSi dagvexmare-
ba. dRes, ise rogorc arasdros, mwvaved dadga mos-
wavleTa, studentTa da maswavlebelTa wignierebis
deficitis problema. informaciebisa da teqnlo-
giebis ganviTarebis epoqaSi TiTqos daikarga is um-
Tavresi Rirebulebebi, rasac sazogadoebis wignier-
ebisa da ganaTlebulobis sazomad vTvlidiT.
mSobliuri enis moamageni aRniSnaven, rom `qa-
rTuli ena da literatura yoveli CvenganisaTvis
ar aris ubralod sagani – saskolo disciplina. es
aris Cveni samyaro, romelSic qarTveli kaci yvelaze
bunebrivad grZnobs Tavs da romliTac Sinagani rao-

233
biT srulfasovnad warudgeba kacobriobas. namdvil
qarTvelad yofna am kulturuli Rirebulebebis
gacnobierebisa da siyvarulis gareSe aramc Tu
Zneli, aramed SeuZlebelia” (qarTuli sityva 2008:
gv.5]. jer kidev didi iakob gogebaSvili iswrafvo-
da axali tipis qarTvelis aRzrdisaken da zrunavda
evropuli skolebis gamocdilebis gadmotanisaTvis
qarTul sinamdvileSi. did pedagogs moswonda os-
tatobisa da sinamdvilis Serwyma evropul skoleb-
Si. dReisTvis mimdinare procesebi swavlebasa da
swavlasTan dakavSirebiT ucxo ar yofila qarTveli
moazrovneebisTvis. isini gamudmebiT mouwodebdnen
Cvens pedagogiur sazogadoebas qarTuli mwerlo-
bis evropul konteqstSi gaazrebisaken. Sors rom ar
wavideT, samagaliTod mxolod didi rusTavelis ge-
nialuri naazrevi kmara.
`vefxistyaosani~ didi ilias sityvisamebr, `zo-
gad adamianis bunebis mixedviT arian Seqmnilni da
agebulni~. misi swavleba da Semecneba yoveli Taobis
winaSe axal problemebs ayenebs da yovel epoqaSi ax-
leburad gaiazreba.
`vefxistyaosnis~ mxatvruli samyaros saTana-
dod gaazrebaze fiqri da misi saswavlo-saganmanaT-
leblo problematikiT daintereseba vaxtang me-
eqvsis pirveli beWduri gamocemis komentarebTan
erTad daiwyo. swored swavlulma mefem dagvito-
va anderZad, rom `vefxistyaosani~ mkiTxvelT sx-
vagvarad ar uCndesT da es swavla gaugonebeli ar
darCes~ (vaxtang VI,1947: 53). Tu xazgasmul sityvebs
davukvirdebiT, advilad mivxvdebiT, rom vaxtangi
mkiTxvelTa yuradRebas poemis teqstis garkveuli

234
gziT swavlebasa da axsna-ganmartebaze amaxvilebs.
raime wasakiTxavi masalis axsna-ganmartebis saWiro
gzebisa da xerxebis Zieba ki, Cveulebriv, pedagogi-
kuri mecnierebis saqmea; ramdenadac ,,Targmani~
swored ,,vefxistyaosnis~ teqstis Sinaarsis gagebas,
mis axsna-ganmartebas isaxavs miznad, amitomac igi
erTgvarad meTodikuri xasiaTis naSromis iers at-
arebs [qurdaZe. 1973: 181].
`Targmanis~ Seqmnis droidan moyolebuli
`vefxistyaosnis~ swavlebis problematika gamudme-
biT iyo mkvlevarTa da meTodistTa mudmivi saz-
runavi. Tumca am genialuri poemis swavla-swavle-
ba xSirad meTodistTa davisa da kamaTis sagani iyo.
nawarmoebis swavlebis problemuroba gamowveuli
iyo rTuli enobrivi, azrobrivi da mxatvruli kon-
struqciebiT, misi Semecnebis siRrmis da masStabis
miuwvdomlobiT da, Sesabamisad, teqstis gagebis
dabali maCveneblebiT. saWiro iyo gaazreba imisa,
rom `Tanamedrove rTuli literaturuli xasiaT-
ebis, winaaRmdegobrivi realisturi saxeebis, lit-
eraturaSi gadasuli cxovrebiseuli konfliqtebis
fonze ,,vefxistyaosani~ erTgvarad sworxazovnad
da, amdenad, sqematurad waikiTxeba. am garemoebam
ar SeiZleba Seucnobeli ukmarisobis grZnoba ar da-
tovos Tanamedrove axalgazrdaSi, romlisTvisac
Znelia sakuTari iniciativiT gamovides am CarCodan
da poemiseuli ideur-mxatvruli samyaro istoriul
aspeqtSi waikiTxos~ [xinTibiZe,1993: 42].
cnobilia, rom ar arsebobs mxatvruli teqs-
tis erTaderTi, kanonikuri wakiTxva. rogorc am-
boben, is yovelTvis mkiTxvelis pirovnebaSi ,,gada-

235
tydea~, anu xdeba nawarmoebis individualuri aRqma.
amave dros, yoveli epoqa, yoveli Taoba masSi aRmo-
aCens axal siRrmeebs, axal azrebs, axal miniSnebebs.
,,literaturuli nawarmoebis aRqma istoriuli pro-
cesia, radgan xSirad yoveli epoqa xelaxla axdens
nawarmoebis interpretacias da sakuTar miznebs,
moTxovnilebebsa da warmodgenebs uqvemdebarebs
mas. nawarmoebis axali gageba SeiZleba gansxvavde-
bodes tradiciuli gagebisgan, axal interpretacias
SeiZleba TiTqmis araferi hqondes saerTo winamaval
interpretaciasTan da, miuxedavad amisa, mxatvruli
nawarmoebis gageba SeiZleba orjerve iyos miRweu-
li~ [yaralaSvili, 1988: gv. 144]. es yvelaferi gan-
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania literaturis swavlebi-
sas. xSirad klasikuri teqstebi, literaturuli
Sedevrebi im interpretaciiT iswavleba, romelic
naklebad aris mniSvnelovani da saintereso Tana-
medrove moswavlisTvis [leiaSvili, 2013: gv.1].
skolaSi ,,vefxistyaosnis~ srul teqsts moswav-
leebs al. WinWaraulis redaqtorobiTa da nodar
naTaZis komentarebiT gamocemuli wigniT vaswavliT
dRemde. mcdeloba misi gaSinaarsebuli teqstiT
swavlebisa, uSedego aRmoCnda. bolo periodSi isev
garTulda poemis da (ara marto poemis) swavleba
Cvens skolebSi. amas garkveuli mizezebi aqvs, rac
,,vefxistyaosnis~ axali komentirebuli teqstisa da
analitikuri gzamkvlevis avtors ase aqvs axsnili:
,,Cvens droSi, roca klasikuri kulturis fenomen-
ebi sul ufro gvSordebian da TiTqos gaucxoebu-
lad dumdebian, am fenomenebTan cocxali dialogis
aRdgenis, Tanamedrove cnobierebis sivrceSi maTi

236
ametyvelebis aucilebloba dasabuTebas ar moiTx-
ovs. es wigni warmoadgens cdas, `vefxistyaosnis~
kvleva miuaxlovdes nawarmoebis kiTxvis, uSualo
aRqmis cocxal process, rac gulisxmobs nawarmoe-
bis mxatvrul realobaSi TandaTanobiT Sesvlas, am
realobis TaviseburebaTa da kanonzomierebaTa Tan-
mimdevrul Secnobas, misi `enis~ dauflebas~ [`vefx-
istyaosani~, 2011: gv. 282].
skolaSi adre `vefxistyaosani~ mxolod mecx-
re klasSi iswavleboda, bolo ocwleulSi is sasko-
lo saxelmZRvaneloebSi mexuTe klasidan Semovida,
rogorc saswavlo mxatvruli nawarmoebi. adreuli
asakidan `vefxistyaosnis swavlebis gamocdilebaze
dayrdnobiT, pedagogebma SeimuSaves meTodikuri
modeli, romlis efeqturobac praqtikam daadas-
tura. am modeliT muSaoba Semdegi ZiriTadi moTx-
ovnebis dacvas gulisxmobs:
1. moswavleTa yoveli asakobrivi jgufisTvis ma-
salis wardgena misTvis Sesaferisi da saintere-
so kuTxiT;
2. moswavleTa gaaqtiurebis mxolod maTi asakisT-
vis Sesatyvisi formebis gamoyeneba;
3. teqstis yoveli konkretuli monakveTis Se-
Zlebisdagvarad dakavSireba Tanamedroveobis
aqtualur problemebTan;
4. swavlebis procesSi moswavleTa piradi gamoc-
dilebis CarTva;
5. moswavleTa individualuri monacemebis gaT-
valiswinebiT, maTTvis saintereso, daZlevadi,
diferencirebuli davalebebis micema [TaboriZe,
2009: gv.122-123].

237
 dawyebiT klasebSi Cayrili safuZveli ,,vefx-
istyaosnis~ swavla-swavlebisa grZeldeba sabazo
safexurzec, sadac nawarmoebis saintereso naw-
ilebia warmodgenili. Tumca poemis mTliani Ses-
wavla-gaazreba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT
meaTe klasis saswavlo programiTaa gaTvaliswinebu-
li. saskolo saxelmZRvaneloTa da maswavleblis
wignebis analizma gviCvena, rom swored am asakSi
SeiZleba moswavlem swored im kuTxiT daafiqsiros
vefxistyaosnis mxatvruli samyaro da warmoidginos
is, rogorc mxatvrulad srulfasovani inteleqtu-
aluri romani [T. vasaZe]. meToduri literaturidan,
romlebic maswavleblebs miewodebaT, rogorc Zir-
iTadi dasayrdeni masala qarTuli enisa da litera-
turis swavlebisa, sanimuSod SeiZleba warmovaCinoT
naTela maRlakeliZisa da nana kucias mier Seqmni-
li qarTuli enisa da literaturis meaTe klasis
saxelmZRvanelos maswavleblis wigni, sadac meTo-
duri miTiTebani `vefxistyaosnis Sesaxeb Semdegnai-
rad aris miwodebuli:
`skolaSi poemis teqstze muSaobis ZiriTad
formad specialistebi (g. nioraZe, ,,narkvevebi lit-
eraturis swavlebis sakiTxebze”, 1960; m. TaboriZe,
`vefxistyaosnis~ literaturul-esTetikuri anal-
izi skolaSi, Tb. 2000; n. ruxaZe, SoTa rusTaveli
skolaSi, Tb. 1992; el. TaboriZe, qarTuli liter-
aturis swavlebis meTodikis saleqcio kursi, Tb.
2009) miiCneven komentirebul kiTxvas. teqsti, rom-
lis komentirebasac vaxdenT, moswavleebs winaswar
unda hqondeT wakiTxuli. gamoyofen komentirebu-
li kiTxvis or saxes: 1. klasSi wakiTxuli teqstis

238
komentireba; 2. Sin wakiTxulis komentireba. sasur-
velia, maswavlebelma winaswar gansazRvros is adg-
ilebi, romelTa komentirebac moxdeba klasSi. Cveu-
lebriv, poemis teqstis komentireba amgvarad xdeba:
poema iyofa nawyvetebad, romelTa dasawyis stro-
febs (da ara mTel Tavs) maswavlebeli kiTxulobs
gamometyvelebiT da axdens wakiTxulis komentire-
bas. nawyvetis umetes nawils moswavleebi damou-
kideblad waikiTxaven, magram aucilebelia Semdeg
maTi komentireba (gamonaklisad SeiZleba miviCnioT
zogierTi sakvanZo Tavi, romelic Tavisi sirTuli-
sa da moculobis gamo SeiZleba mTlianad maswavle-
belma waukiTxos klass gamometyvelebiT). mxolod
amis Semdeg SeiZleba teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocemaze
muSaoba. Sinaarsis Txroba, sasurvelia, xdebodes
teqstTan miaxloebiT. yuradReba eqceva personaJTa
damaxasiaTebel adgilebs, mxatvruli gamosaxvis sa-
Sualebebs. saWiroa Tu ara yvela mxatvruli saxisa
da saxe-simbolos axsna? albaT ara, ramdenadac yve-
la saxe verc gaSinaarsdeba da arc aris es aucile-
beli; mTavaria, moswavleebi davafiqroT mxatvru-
li xerxebis funqciaze nawarmoebSi, gavarkvioT, Tu
maTi gamoyenebiT risi Tqma surs avtors.
wina wlebSi, rodesac qarTuli enisa da litera-
turis swavlebas gansazRvravda saswavlo programa,
zustad iyo miTiTebuli am teqstis kiTxva-damuSave-
bisaTvis saaTebis raodenoba. igi meryeobda 40-50 sT-
is farglebSi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom am periodSi
poemis mTliani teqstis swavleba gansazRvruli iyo
ZiriTadad IX klasSi. amJamad ki erovnuli saswav-
lo gegmis mixedviT poemis calkeuli epizodebi is-

239
15. r. f i f i a
wavleba saskolo ganaTlebis sxvadasxva safexurze:
rogorc dawyebiT, ise sabaziso da saSualo safex-
urebze. es maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs klasis
saerTo donisa da SesaZleblobis safuZvelze Tavad
gansazRvros am masalisaTvis gamoyofili saswavlo
saaTebis raodenoba.
saorientaciod am teqstze muSaobisaTvis gam-
oyofili saaTebi amgvarad SeiZleba gavanawiloT:
1. Sesavali mecadineoba:
a) Zveli qarTuli mwerloba (wina gakveTilebze
Seswavlili masalis Sejameba);
b) saqarTvelo XII saukuneSi, sazogadoebriv-poli-
tikuri foni da kultura;
g) informacia poemis avtoris Sesaxeb, poemis
xalxuri versiebi (mokle mimoxilva) - 1 sT.
2. teqstze muSaoba _ 25 sT.
3. teqstis analizi/Sejameba _ 4 sT. [maRlakeliZe,
kucia. 2012: gv. 20].
mecnierTa mier dadgenilia, rom Tanamedrove
rTuli literaturuli xasiaTebis, winaaRmdego-
brivi realisturi saxeebis, literaturaSi gada-
suli cxovrebiseuli konfliqtebis fonze ,,vefx-
istyaosani~ erTgvarad sworxazovnad da, amdenad,
sqematurad ikiTxeba. moswavlisaTvis Znelia saku-
Tari iniciativiT gamovides am CarCodan da poemi-
seuli ideur-mxatvruli samyaro istoriul aspeqt-
Si waikiTxos (xinTibiZe,1993: gv. 78).
Tanamedroveobis moTxovnad da problemad iqca
yvela asakis moswavleebs ,,vefxistyaosnis~ uSu-
alo aRqmisas davanaxoT, rom es aris mxatvrulad
srulfasovani inteleqtualuri romani, romel-

240
ic mravalplaniani, qveteqstebiT mdidari da didi
moculobisaa. es aris genialuri mxatvruli qmnile-
ba, romelic aqtualobas arasdros kargavs da is
mSvenieri masalaa moswavleebis cnobierebis gasav-
iTareblad, axali informaciis Sefasebis, sakuTari
poziciis gamoxatvisa da dacvis, zneobis sakiTxebze
msjelobis Cvevebis gamosamuSaveblad, kritikuli
azrovnebis unaris Camosayalibeblad.

241
 literatura:

1. vaxtang VI , 1947: vaxtang VI, leqsebi da poeme-

bi,Tb., 1947.
2. qarTuli sityva 2008: qarTuli sityva,
samecniero - meToduri Jurnali,#1, Tb., 2008.
3. qurdaZe, 1973: Zveli qarTuli meTodikuri
codna, Tb., 1973.
4. ,,vefxistyaosani~, 2011: `vefxistyaosani~, T.
vasaZis komentarebiT, Tb., 2011.
5. TaboriZe, 2009: e. TaboriZe, qarTuli liter-
aturis swavlebis meTodikis saleqcio kursi,
Tb., 2009.
6. xinTibiZe,1993: e. xinTibiZe, Suasaukuneobrivi
da renesansuli ,,vefxistyaosanSi~, Tb., 1993.
7. leiaSvili, 2013: n. leiaSvili, mxatvruli per-
sonaJis axleburi gaazrebisTvis, maswavlebe-
li”, Tbilisi, 2012, N5.
8. yaralaSvili,1988: r. yaralaSvili, `dasavleT
evropis literatura~, Tb. 1988.

242
 4.5 problemaze orientirebuli gakveTilis
Catarebis meTodika
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis mixedviT

vaJa-fSavela Soreuli warsulidan iRebs gan-

sasaxierebel masalas da Tanamedroveobis aspeqtSi
aSuqebs mas (g. kiknaZe). misi Semoqmedeba ideebis siR-
rmiTa da motivebis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.
amitomac didi poetis mxatvruli Sedevrebis swav-
leba saskolo asakis sxvadasxva safexurze, yovelT-
vis iyo maswavlebelTa mudmivi zrunvis sagani. prob-
lemaze orientirebuli swavlebis mizania pedagogma
moswavleebs daanaxos sakiTxi, problema, romelic
mravalgvari midgomiTa da gziT SeiZleba gadaiWras,
romelzec ar arsebobs erTi swori an araswori pa-
suxi, saWiroebs Ziebas, alternativebis daSvebas
da ideebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebas. moswavleeb-
ma unda gamoiyenon naswavli masala, maT mier da-
moukideblad moZiebuli informacia da problemis
gadaWris maTeuli xedva unda miusadagon realuri
cxovrebis miznebsa da moTxovnebs. zemoT Tqmuli
miznebis ganxorcieleba vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoe-
bebis safuZvelze metad saintereso da mravalmx-
rivi muSaobis saSualebas iZleva.
swavlebis axali strategiebi problemaze ori-
entirebuli swavlebis danergvasa da klasikuri
mwerlobis am WrilSi gaazrebas moiTxovs. am tipis
gakveTilze moswavleebi maswavleblis daxmarebiT
jer gamoavlenen problemas, Semdeg gaiazreben mas,
ris Semdegac moiZieben, axarisxebenda aanalizeben
saWiro informacias. moswavleebi kvlav ubrundebi-

243
an gadasaWrel problemas da ukve damuSavebul in-
formaciaze dayrdnobiT axerxeben mis gadaWras.
naSromSi ganxilulia vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoeb-
Ta swavlebis problemuri sakiTxebi. kvlevam gviCve-
na, rom axali meTodebiT vaJas nawarmoebTa swavleba
uamravi diskusiis, problemis analizis da, saboloo
jamSi, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gan-
viTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa. vaJas ukvdavi qm-
nilebebi yvela Taobas Tavis wil safiqrals utovebs.
literaturul emociebsac socialuri pro-
cesebi ganapirobebs da literaturis teqstur qso-
vilTa gacnobierebis procesic imTaviTve moiazrebs
struqturis universaluri dominantebis (adamianis,
drois, sivrcis) gacnobierebis process. ukanonobi-
sa Tu kanonierebis gamoZiebis faqtebis asaxviT ki
am samsjavroze SiSvldeba calkeuli movlenebi da
maT SemoqmedTa Tu monawileTa xasiaTebi. maTTan
SexvedriT kvlav da kvlav vrwmundebiT, rom samar-
Tlis, kanonisa da sasamarTlo sja-paeqrobis sfero
sulac ar aris daSorebuli literaturis sauflos,
rogorc `saRmrTo wres~ (ίερός κύκλος-s), romelSic
mosamarTlea gamosaxuli aqilevsis farze da ori
talanti oqroc aqvea maTTvis, vinc yvelaze samar-
Tlian msjavrs gamoitans .
qarTuli literaturis presupoziciuli kon-
teqstis gadaazreba moiTxovs, erTmaneTisagan gaim-
ijnos kanonis rogorc pirovnebis ukan mdgomi er-
Tobis vitaluri interesebis da zneobrivi kanonis
rogorc `RmrTaebrivi seriozulobis” cnebebi,
romelTa arseboba samarTalaRsrulebis sivrce-
Si umTavres funqcias iTavsebs, Sedegad ki, umete-

244
sad, viRebT kanoniT dasjil, Tumca zneobrivad
gamarTlebul personaJebs, romelTa nawili liter-
aturuli gmiris simaRles aRwevs [goduaZe, 2012].
swavlebis Tanamedrove Teoriebis mixedviT,
mniSvnelovania sxva adamianis TvaliT samyaros da-
naxvis unaris gamomuSaveba, rac, Tavis mxriv, moswav-
leTa socialur ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. am miznis
misaRwevad saWiroa kiTxvis saTanado strategiebis
gamoyeneba. literaturuli nawarmoebis ganxilvi-
sas unda visaubroT personaJTa rTul da zogjer
urTierTsawinaaRmdego motivebze. moswavleebi unda
CauRrmavdnen mxatvruli nawarmoebis gmiris ara
marto saqciels, aramed grZnobebs, azrebs, emo-
ciebs, mimikebsa da Jestebsac ki. maT personaJSi
unda dainaxon ara mxolod epoqis warmomadgeneli,
aramed cocxali, realuri adamiani.
mivadeqiT mniSvnelovan meTodikur sakiTxs: xom
ar vakninebT epoqis Taviseburebis, kulturuli kon-
teqstis mniSvnelobas? xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom
zemoCamoTvlili faqtorebi mniSvnelovania nawar-
moebis gasagebad da, Sesabamisad, swavlebisas maT
garkveuli dro unda daeTmos, magram ar migvaCnia
sworad zedmeti gataceba am TaviseburebebiT.
Tanamedrove pedagogika mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs
moswavleTa unars, angariSi gauwion sxva adamianTa
azrebsa da grZnobebs. aseT moswavleebs ganviTare-
buli aqvT socialuri unarebi da kargad icnoben
sakuTar Tavs. bavSvis zrdasTan erTad ixveweba misi
unari, amoicnos sxva adamianis azrebi, Sexedulebe-
bi, grZnobebi da motivebi. rekomendebulia, dawyebi-
Ti klasebidanve davafiqroT isini am sakiTxebze.

245
moTxrobebis kiTxvis dros unda davsvaT SekiTxvebi
personaJTa azrebis, grZnobebisa da motivebis Sesax-
eb. asakis matebasTan erTad isini ufro met inter-
ess gamoiCenen sxvaTa azrebisa da grZnobebisadmi,
gaacnobiereben, rom adamians SeiZleba bevri, xandax-
an urTierTsapirispiro, motivi hqondes.
bunebrivia, rom TviTSemecnebis, refleqsuri
azrovnebis unaris ganviTarebas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodikaSi. mxat-
vrul literaturas ki am unaris ganviTarebis usaz-
Rvro SesaZleblobebi aqvs.
TviTSemecneba sakuTari gamocdilebis kriti-
kulad gadamuSavebis procesia, romelic gulisx-
mobs sakuTari qcevisa da azrovnebis gacnobierebas,
analizs, Sefasebas, dagegmvasa da kontrols. TviTa-
nalizis siRrme ki mraval socialur da individua-
lur faqtorzea damokidebuli. mxatvruli liter-
aturis gaazreba TavisTavad gulisxmobs Sefasebisa
da TviTSefasebis unaris ganviTarebas. mxatvrul
teqstSi aRwerili movlenebisa Tu personaJebis
mimarT mkiTxvels Zalauneburad uyalibdeba emociu-
ri damokidebuleba, romelic Semdeg gacnobierebul
damokidebulebaSi gadadis. igi xSirad gaucnobiere-
blad axdens sakuTari Tavis identifikacias perso-
naJTan. Tavdapirvelad es mxolod emociur doneze
xdeba, sabolood ki aseTi identifikacia mkiTxvel-
isaTvis TviTSemecnebis wyarod iqceva [leiaSvili,
2012].
gTavazobT, praqtikosi pedagogebis mier gamoc-
dil Sexedulebebs vaJa-fSavelas ramdenime nawar-
moebze, rogorc yvelaze emociur da problemaze

246
orientirebul saswavlo meTodze mosargeb mxat-
vrul teqstze.

vaJa-fSavela _ `aluda qeTelauri~

Tavisebureba 1. vaJa-fSavelas poemebis Ses-
wavlisas moswavleebs ZiriTad dabrkolebas uqm-
nis teqstis ena. kuTxuri metyveleba, dialeqturi
formebi Sinaarsis srulyofilad gaazrebas aferx-
ebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom amjerad konkretulad
`aluda qeTelaurze~ vsaubrobT, es Tavisebureba
vaJa-fSavelas sxva poemebis Seswavlis drosac iCens
Tavs.
problema _ kuTxuri metyveleba, dialeqturi
formebi moswavles Sinaarsis srulyofilad gaazre-
baSi uSlis xels. is, rac moswavles aferxebs am
SemTxvevaSi, leqsikis gasamdidreblad unda gamov-
iyenoT.
aqtivoba _ dialeqtizmebi unda ganvumar-
toT, visargebloT leqsikoniT. TiToeuli formis
ganmartebis Semdeg, SegviZlia, gamoviyenoT aqtivo-
ba pirobiTi saTauriT `sityvebis yuTi~/ `sityve-
bis guda~. winaswar movamzadoT baraTebi. TiToeul
baraTze davweroT striqoni an strofi, romelic
dialeqtur formebs Seicavs. es baraTebi movaT-
avsoT `gudaSi"/yuTSi". moswavleebs saTiTaod amo-
vaRebinoT `sityvebis yuTidan~/`sityvebis gudidan~
baraTi, romelic unda ganmarton da saliteraturo
eniT unda warmoadginon klasis winaSe. Semdeg va-
ZlevT mcire dros. mosafiqrebeli drois amowurvis
Semdeg moswavleebi TavianT variants warmoadgenen.
es aqtivoba daexmareba moswavleebs leqsikis gam-

247
didrebaSi, teqstis enis ukeT gagebaSi.
Tavisebureba 2. _ `aluda qeTelauris" Seswavli-
sas moswavles interess aRuZravs aludas gankveTis
mizezi. ratom gankveTes aluda Temidan? konkret-
ulad ris gamo daimsaxura man Temis risxva? erTi
SexedviT, moswavleebs SeiZleba, moeCvenoT, rom es
marjvenis armokveTis gamo moxda. moswavle Tavad
unda miviyvanoT im azramde, rom poemis kulminacia
xatobis epizodia, aludas mier xevisberis movale-
obis miTviseba xdeba mizezi misi gandevnisa. muca-
lis marjvena Tems sWirdeboda, rogorc damadas-
turebeli sabuTi aludas morigi gamrjvebisa. amis
gamo Temma aludas zurgi ar aqcia, mxolod tyui-
lis Tqma dasdo bralad: SegeSinda da gamoiqeci, aq
ki raRac tuils yvebio (`gamahqcevixar qistisSvils,
garduqcevixar qalada~). ai, is, rac xatobaze moxda
namdvilad, tradiciis darRvevaa: aludam `rjulZ-
aRlis" sulis cxoneba moindoma kuratis SewirviT,
es, erTi mxriv, da meore, gacilebiT ufro saSiSi
da sazareli wesi daarRvia man, Sewirvis rituali
aRasrula Tavad, SeiWra xevisberis movaleobaSi, Ca-
moarTva mas ufleba da Tavad aRasrula rituali. am
tradiciis darRveva Zvirad daujda aludas.
problema _ Tuki moswavle kargad ver gaigebs,
ratom daisaja aluda, gauWirdeba aludasa da Temis
saqcielis gansja, arasworad dasvams aqcentebs da
Sesabamisad, arasrulad gaiazrebs wamoWril prob-
lemas.
aqtivoba: moswavleebs gansaxilvelad mivceT
ramdenime epizodi (aludas sofelSi dabrunebis,
mindias mier marjvenis motanis, xatobis). mcire

248
ganxilvis Semdeg movawyoT gonebrivi ieriSi Temaze
_ ratom daisaja aluda? CamovweroT yvela SesaZ-
lo pasuxi, Semdeg movaxdinoT pasuxebis dajgufe-
ba-klasifikacia.
Tavisebureba 3. `aluda qeTelauris~ erT-erT
Taviseburebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom simar-
Tle orive mxaresaa. argumentebi moepoveba aluda-
sac da Temsac. moswavles unda davexmaroT sakuTari
poziciis garkvevaSi.
problema _ moswavle ver xvdeba aluda aris
marTali Tu Temi?! aluda progresulad moazrovne
adamianis prototipia, moswavleTa nawili mis mimarT
udidesi TanagrZnobiT aRivseba. Tumca SeiZleba,
warmoiSvas winaaRmdegoba. Temic marTalia! aludam
daarRvia mTavari wesi (xevisberis movaleoba miiTvi-
sa). Temis aseTi pozicia saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
yalibdeboda da rTuli istoriuli warsuliT ixs-
neba.
aqtivoba _ aseT SemTxvevaSi kargi iqneba, gavm-
arToT saklaso diskusia. CamovweroT poziciebi,
romelsac moswavleebi Tavisi survilisamebr dai-
caven. davyoT klasi sadiskusio jgufebad, am konk-
retul SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia 2-3 jgufis Seqmna
(1. Temi marTalia; 2. aluda marTalia; 3. ar maqvs
gamokveTili pozicia).
teqstze muSaobis dros moxdeba calkeul epi-
zodSi CaRrmaveba, TiToeuli detalis gaanalizeba,
ZiriTadi problematikisa da ideis gamokveTa. poemis
analizi ki ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba pirovnebis pativ-
iscemis zneobriv problematikas. aqve ganzogaddeba
vaJa-fSavelas axali saTqmeli TanamedroveobasTan

249
mimarTebaSi [burZgla, 2011: gv. 37-38].

vaJa fSavela `baxtrioni~. wiwolas mxatvruli saxe

gakveTilis mizani-misaRwevi Sedegebi
qarT. XI. 1. 3 moswavle winaswar mofiqrebuli
gegmis mixedviT (Sesavali,ZiriTadi nawili, daskvne-
bi) gadmoscems saTqmels;
qarT. XI. 1. 4 mkafiod, cxadad da gasagebad
ayalibebs gansaxilveli sakiTxis arss, problemis
ganmsazRvel aspeqtebs da sakuTar mosazrebas.
qarT. XI. 9. 3 moswavle aanalizebs personaJTa
saxeebs, ajgufebs konfliqtTan mimarTebaSi da gan-
sazRvravs maT rols siuJetis ganviTarebaSi.
saswavlo resursebi
saxelmZRvanelo/poema ”baxtrioni”;
flipCartebi, stikerebi;
kalmebi/markerebi.
rveulebi, dafa, carci...
Sefasebis sagani/procedurebi moswavle cxa-
dad ayalibebs saTqmels/Txrobis logikuri Tanmim-
devroba.
adekvaturad gansazRvravs personaJis rols.
ganmaviTarebeli/jgufuri da ganmsazRvreli/
individualuri Sefaseba.
organizebis formebi mTel klasTan muSaoba;
jgufuri muSaoba.
gakveTilis msvleloba/dro
aqtivoba 1. gonebrivi ieriSi; asociaciuri ru-
kis Sedgena. gakveTilis dawyebisTanave gavakraT
flipCarti warweriT `moRalate~. moswavleebs da-
vurigeb stikerebs, romlebzec unda dawereon, ra/

250
vin miaCniaT Ralatad/moRalated. TavianT pasuxebs
daawepeben flipCartze. imisaTvis rom sakiTxi ar
ganzogaddes (megobris Ralati, col-qmris Ralati
da a. S)., moswavleebs vTxov am SemTxvevaSi samSob-
los Ralatis TemiT Semoifarglon _ 4 wT.
aqtivoba 2. diskusia
moswavleebis mier gamoTqmuli azrebis safuZ-
velze, SevqmniT moRalatis fsiqologiur portrets,
vimsjelebT Ralatis mizezebsa da ganmapirobebel
faqtorebze _ 10 wT.
aqtivoba 3. teqstze praqtikuli muSaoba
klass davyof 3 jgufad.
1-li jgufi imuSavebs poemis me-16 Tavze _ wi-
wolas mxatvruli saxe;
me-2 jgufi imuSavebs poemis me-17 Tavze _ wiwo-
las deda;
me-3 jgufi _ me-18 Tavi _ bunebis damokidebule-
ba TviTmkvleli moRalatis mimarT (Sdr.,`gvelism-
Wamelis”finali). 12 wT.
aqtivoba 4. prezentacia
TiToeuli gundis warmomadgeneli/prezentato-
ri gamarTavs prezentacias (3wT). warmoudgens audi-
torias jgufis mier momzadebul masalas saTanado
TvalsaCinoebebis darTviT _ flipCartze datanili
sakvanZo frazebi, amonaridebi poemidan, daskvnebi.
9 wT.
aqtivoba 5. kiTxva-pasuxi
prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs
davusvam SekiTxvebs _ ra sakiTxi darCa bundovani
da klasTan erTad ganvmartavT.
moswavleebs mivcem ganmartebas saSinao

251
davalebis Sesasruleblad `wiwolas fsiqologiuri
portreti~. naSromSi moswvleebma yuradReba unda
gaamaxvilon personaJis rolze mTel nawarmoebSi,
mis ideur daniSnulebaze.
dimitri uznaZis mixedviT, aRzrdis mTavari
amocana isaa, rom TiToeulma adamianma ganaxorcie-
los Tavisi daniSnuleba, skolam ki unda ganaviTa-
ros is sulieri Zalebi, romlebic adamianis Sesa-
Zleblobebis zrdas Seuwyobs xels. Cven SevexeT vaJa
fSavelas mxatvruli nawarmoebebis axleburi meTo-
dikiT swavlebis mxolod im mcire nawils, romelsac
SeuZlia moswavleebs TviTganviTarebisaken swrafva
gauRvivos da Tu maswavlebeli swavlebis saTanado
strategiebsac moiSveliebs, udavod, aamaRlebs mos-
wavleTa motivacias, es ki umniSvnelovanesi winap-
irobaa warmatebuli pirovnebis formirebisTvis.

literatura:

1. burZgla, 2011: i. burZgla, literaturul nawar-

moebTa swavleba skolaSi, Tb., 2011.
2. goduaZe, 2012: mariam goduaZe, mwerlis ena da
literaturuli samarTali. http://mastsavlebeli.
ge/?p=3665
3. leiaSvili, 2012: n. leiaSvili, mxatvruli lit-
eraturis ganmaviTarebeli aspeqtebi saswavlo
procesSi.http://mastsavlebeli.–ge/?p=3616

252
 4.6 pedagogiuri naazrevi akaki wereTlis
publicistur werilebSi

XIX saukunis meore naxevari saqarTvelos re-

alobaSi iyo is periodi, roca qarTvelma moaz-
rovneebma TavianTi qveynis sasikeTod uamravi mimar-
TulebiT ganizraxes moRvaweoba da ar darCenila
qveynisTvis saWirboroto sakiTxi, romelzedac
maT sasikeTo gavlena ar moexdinaT. cnobili faq-
tia, rom saqarTvelo am dros mZime dReSi iyo Ca-
vardnili. es is periodia, roca qveyanaSi ,,kerZom~
CanTqa ,,sazogado~ da Cven, rac CvenTvis saWiroa,
mxolod isa gvgonia qveynisTvisac sasargeblo [wer-
eTeli, 2012: gv. 39]. dampyroblis upirvelesi mizani
qveynis gadagvareba-gadajiSebaa, mas saxedakarguli,
Tavisi meobis verSemcnobi, piradi merkantiluri
azrovnebiT dakavebuli sazogadoeba urCevnia ga-
naTlebaze, xvalindel dReze mofiqrals. amitomac,
literaturam da misma saukeTeso warmomadgenleb-
ma, ikisres qarTveli xalxis erovnul TviTSegnebaze
zrunva. `rogorc kerZo kacs, ise xalxs, mTel ers,
mware xvedrisagan dabeCavebuls, bedCabnelebuls,
imedis Suqi moefineba xolme, gaaRaRanebs mis guls,
rogorc jejils JuJuna wvima da ze aRamaRlebs mas.
rogorc mogexsenebaT samociani wlebidan Cveni miT-
vlemili, mirululi cxovreba axmaurda, masac bedma
gauRima: mZlavrad gaisma ,,Tergdaleulebis mkveTri
xma, xma axalgazrdobisa, romelic uxmobda qarTvel
ers axali cxovrebisaken. Svilebma mamebisagan age-
bul Zvel Senobebs ngreva-SekeTeba dauwyes. maTi
weraqvis xma mamebs eucxovaT, muqariT muSti aRm-

253
arTes, magram Svilebi maT muqaras ar SeuSindnen.
mtkiced daarWves magar niadagze TavianTi bairaRi.
ai, am TergdaleulTa Soris akakic iyo~ [mgalobliS-
vili,1990: gv. 296].
akaki wereTeli Tavis TanamoazreebTan erTad
qveynis interesebis sadarajoze idga da balzakiviT
is mraval praqtikul saqmes hkidebda xels, Teat-
ris antreprizas, wignisa da gazeTis gamomcemlo-
bas, vercxlisa da navTis budobebis aRmoCenas. is
scdilobda evropeli kapitalistebi daeinteresebi-
na saqarTvelos madneulobis amoRebaSi. cnobilia,
rom WiaTuris Savi qvis pirveli partia evropis ba-
zarze akaki wereTlis saxeliT gavida. magram TviT
mas miwis wiaRis simdidre imisaTvis ainteresebda,
rom mogebuli kapitaliT ufro Zvirfasi simdidre
gadaerCina, saxeldobr, qarTveli eris wiaRSi dam-
arxuli xalxuri poezia.
`Cem xangrZliv cxovrebaSi sapirado kerZosa da
wvrilmanebSi uxasiaToba gamoviCine, magram didisa da
sazogadoebrivisaTvis ki Cems dReSi ar miRalatia~ _
ambobs is. marTlac is pirveli SexedviT cvalebadi,
meryevi bunebis adamainad geCvenebaT; magram Caixe-
deT ufro Rrmad mis arsebaSi da Tqven Tvalwin ker-
pi xasiaTis, TviT mkacri zneobrivi valdebulebis
adamiani aRimarTeba. mas SeiZleba daaviwydes ram-
deni fuli gesesxaT an ramdeni gasesxaT, SeiZleba
daaviwydes ojaxuri valdebulebis Sesruleba, ma-
gram arasodes ar daaviwydeba Tavisi samoqalaqo da
patriotuli valdebulebis moxda. mas Tamamad See-
Zlo anton pirvelis sityvebi ganemeorebina: ,,movi-
cale sxvaTa yovelTa keTilTagan da ver movicale

254
saqarTvelos msaxurebisagan~ [qiqoZe, 1985: gv. 351].
qveyanaSi ganaTlebis aucileblobasa da upi-
ratesobas grZnobdnen da qadagebdnen didi qarTveli
moRvaweni: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, dimitri
yifiani, niko nikolaZe, iakob gogebaSvili, vaJa-fSave-
la da sxvebi. maT nawerebSi bevri sagulisxmo ide-
aa gamoTqmuli axalgazrdobis swavlebis formebze,
skolaTa tipebze, saxelmZRvaneloebis srulyofaze,
swavlebis meTodikaze da sxva. qarTuli pedagogikis
istoriaSi akaki wereTeli Rirseulad moixsenieba
did pedagogTa Soris. gansakuTrebuli urTierTo-
ba hqonia mgosans qarTuli pedagogiuri azrovnebisa
da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo cxovrebis winamZ-
RolTan, did iakob gogebaSvilTan. swored Tavisi
qveynis momavalze zrunvis da misi swor gzaze day-
enebis didi mniSvneloba qonda akaki wereTels gaaz-
rebuli, roca iakob gogebaSvilis Rvawls yvelafer-
ze win ayenebda. `Tu Cems samSoblos gamoaRviZebs
Cemi sikvdili, aha, mec mzad var~ _ ambobda akaki.
`Cemi sicocxle, mTeli Cemi Zalebi da codna ekuT-
vnis Cems samSoblos~, _ aRniSnavda iakobi. isini Ta-
vad iZleodnen samSoblos WeSmariti siyvarulisa da
misTvis Tavdadebis naTel magaliTs. gulistkivila-
mde ganicdidnen mamulis mware xvedrs. rogorc ia-
kobs, aseve akakis xalxis mdidari da utyuari ganZis,
qarTuli enis gadarCenisaTvis brZola sakuTar mis-
iad miaCndaT [zoiZe, 2010].
akaki wereTlis mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba mis
publicistur werilebSi aisaxa. gansakuTrebiT mrav-
lad moipoveba mis naazrevSi axalgazrdobis swav-
la-aRzrdis problemuri sakiTxebi. didi mwerali

255
16. r.f i f i a
gulmodgined swavlobda aRzrdis problemebs, or-
ganulad iyo dainteresebuli am saqmiT, radgan mis
qveyanas, qarTvel xalxs es sWirdeboda. samociani
wlebidan sikvdilis ukanasknel dReebamde akaki
Cveni qveynis pedagogiuri moZraobis centrSi idga
[pedagogikis istoria, 1988: gv. 360].
Tavis TanamoazreTa msgavsad akaki wereTeli
qveynis momavlisTvis da erovnuli TviTSegnebis
CamoyalibebisTvis, pirvel rigSi, sakuTari warsu-
lis kargad mcodne axalgazrdebis saWiroebas us-
vams xazs. erovnuli sxeulis SenarCuneba SeuZle-
belia maSin, roca ar icnob Sens warsuls: `vinc
warsuls iviwyebs, is momavalzedac xels iRebs da,
marto awmyoze SeCerebuli, usuldgmulo, sapi-
rutyvo fargalSi rCeba. da Cven ki gvinda misTana
momavali Taoba, romelic uarimyofeli ki ar aris
warsulisa, mkvlevaria da mama-papis anderZs dResac
kidev gamosadeg safuZvlad udebs momavals, rom ka-
vSir-gauwyvetlad ganagrZos istoriuli cxovreba~
[wereTeli, 2012: gv.39].
akaki wereTlis bavSvoba da ymawviloba mTlianad
daukavSirda swavlebis im mankier mxareebs, rac da-
pyrobili qveynis ganaTlebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli.
didi poetis mravali prozauli nawarmoebi asaxavs
im saSinel dmokidebulebas bavSvebisadmi, rac dakav-
Sirebuli iyo borot zraxvebTan: gaezardaT imperi-
isTvis morCili Cinovniki, rac zuTxviTa da wkepliT
miiRweoda. akaki wereTeli, rogorc cnobilia, mx-
atvruli nawarmoebebis garda, Tavis publicistur
nawerebSic didi simkacriT exmaureboda arsebul
mdgomareobas. pirveli, rac mas momakvdinebel

256
problemad miaCnda, iyo enis armcodne ymawvilTa
sxavaTa enaze ganswavla. mwerali maxvili xedviT da
pedagogTaTvis dResac saintereso formiT asaxavs
qarTvelTa savalalo mdgomareobas. ,,swavlac aris
da swavlac! yovelgvar ZuZumwovarisaTvis mxolod
dedis rZea ukvdavebis wyarosaviT margi. sanam mar-
to imiT ar moizrdeba da ar Seimagrebs agebule-
bas, sxva, gareSe ram sazrdo misTvis, udrovod mi-
wodebuli, mavnebeli waqi da waTxia!
Cven dRevandel qarTvelebs, saxli, ojaxi aR-
ara gvaqvs, rom dedis rZed mivawodoT ram Svilebs.
nacarqeqiad gadaqceulebi, sxvisi Semyure-moimede
varT da imTaviTve mSobliur niadags vakargvinebT!
fexs aRar vadgmevinebT, ususurad Segvyavs pirda-
pir sakaWkaWoSi da RvTisgan moniWebuli, TanSobili
cxovrebis sagzali, grZnoba-goneba sasxvisSviloze
uobdebaT...~ [wereTeli, 1990: gv.257].
moswavlis mSobliur enaze ganswavla aucile-
beli pirobaa misi gonebrivi da zneobrivi ganvi-
TarebisTvis. momavali Taobis aRzrda tradiciuli
saganmanaTleblo formiT, mSobliur enaze, akakis
eris warmatebis ZiriTad faqtorad miaCnia. Tu ra
emarTeba axalgazrdas, roca is ucnob sagnebze msje-
lobs, naTlad Cans mwerlis naazrevSi: ,,axalgazrdis
norC grZnoba-gonebas eWirveba varjiSoba misTa-
na sagnebze, romelic mis axlos, mis garSemo aris,
romelsac is kargad icnobs da romelzedac, maSasa-
dame, TviTonac SeuZlia sja. winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-
Si, roca ymawvili gaugebraT izepirebs, mexsierebas
atans Zalas, goneba uClungdeba da kaWkaW-TuTiyuSs
emsgavseba, da amitomac dRes Cven inteligentebSi

257
mravali qarafSutaa~ [wereTeli, 2012: gv. 20-21].
TiTqos dRevandel sawuxars exmaureba poeti,
roca swavla-swavlebis swori mimarTulebiT warm-
arTvaze, swori saswavlo programebis arqonaze
miuTiTebs. didi moazrovnis yuradRebis miRma ar
darCenila es saocrad mZime problema, romelic
mZime Sedegamde miiyvans axalgazrdis swor gawvrT-
nas. enis arcodna da mrude saswavlo programebiT
swavleba emsaxureba im mZime saqmes, axalgazrdo-
bis zneobrivi da inteleqtualuri gadagvareba rom
mohyveba xolme Sedegad. ,,ager naxevar saukunoze
metia, rac gza xsnili aqvsT vaJebs da maRal sas-
wavlebels aTaveben, magram aba Tu rame erovnuli
mouciaT CvenTvis?! pedagogiuri asparezi? gana
cota gvyavs pedagogebio, – metyvian da mec veTanx-
mebi: diax, bevri gvyavs, magram rom gveWirveba misTa-
na ki ara. isini cud mdgomareobaSi arian Cacvinuli:
unda lukma eZion, rom SimSiliT ar mokvden da imave
dros, samagierod, imoqmeden ukuRmarTi programiT.
maS ra hqnan, rom maswavleblobasac ar mohkidon xe-
lio? vin ras ambobs, magram swavlac aris da swav-
lac. misTana ram, rac mis ers ar gamoadgeba da
sxvisi ukuRmarTi programiT iswavleba ra saxsenebe-
lia?~ [wereTeli, 2012: gv. 57]. amonarididan naTlad
Cans sxva ufro mniSvnelovani, dResac yuradsaRebi
pedagogebis ganswavlisa da sworad orientirebis
problemac. saukunis winaTac mwvaved idga pedago-
gis motivaciis saWiroeba, ulukmapurod darCenili
maswavlebeli, realobas moklebuli programiT ver
SeZlebs aRzardos qveynis momavali Taoba.
cnobilia akakis mwvave damokidebuleba meSCan

258
da merkantiluri zraxvebiT gamsWvalul inteli-
genciasTan, imperiis mcdeloba inteligentebis mo-
syidvisa da maTi saSualebiT Tavisi zraxvebis aR-
srulebisa Zveli da nacadi meTodia: ,,aba brZaneT,
ra meTauria da ra Tavadi xalxisa is inteligenti,
romelsac imdenaT uyvars samSoblo, ramdenadac
is mxolod sasargebloa misi piradi keTildReobi-
saTvis da, Tu veRaras CamorCa, wixlsa kravs da Ca-
la-bzeze gacvlis! aba is inteligentia, romelsac
goneba jibeSi uZevs da grZnoba kuWSi? qveyanas win
ver waruZRveba [wereTeli, 2012: gv. 172]. aseT in-
teligenti da pedagogi ver gaxdeba niWieri axal-
gazrdebis SemmCnevel-damfasebeli da kritikosi
isev mwvaved svams saWirboroto sakiTxs: ,,rodis
iyo, rom Cven niWierebs veZebdiT, vswvrTnidiT da
swor gzaze vayenebdiT? Cven niWierad da qveynis
sasargeblod kacad imas aRviarebT xolme, vinc pi-
radad Cveni masiamovnebeli morCilia da niWierebs
TavSi vuyenebT xolme. uniWo axalgazrdas iSviaTad
SexvdebiT, magram ra gamovida? is niWi, usazrdood
darCenili, nel-nela Wkneba da bolos xelSi grCe-
baT fuWkakaliviT gamoTavcarielebuli vinme! - vin
dasTvlis, ramdenjer dagvwyvetia guli, imedi rom
gagvcruebia?!~ [wereTeli, 2012: gv. 107-108].
mZime suraTi, romelic akaki wereTelma Tavis
publicistur naRvawSi daxata, dRevandeli proble-
mebis anareklsac Seicavs da amitom ar kargavs aqtu-
alobas axalgazrda TaobisTvis. akakis Sexeduleba
swavla-aRzrdaze Seicavs mis Tanamedrove da Tana-
moazre moRvaweTa mier dayenebuli saganmanaTleb-
lo problemebis sakiTxebs da cota ukan Tu mivixe-

259
davT, didi daviT guramiSvilic mis Sexedulebebs
gaumagrebs mxars: `bevri uWkuo kacia naswavli, rom
waRma-ukuRma qarafindaobs da bevri Wkuianic, rom
uswavlelobiT xel-fexSi borkili uyria. Wkuiani da
naswavli ki orive erTad jer CvenSi iSviaTia!.. swav-
la da codna grZnoba-gonebis masalaa!.. Tu grZno-
ba-goneba ar iqnebian masala raRa gamosadegia. Tu
kacs xeloba ar ecodineba, qveynis masalac rom Sea-
grovos, ras argebs, ras aaSenebs? da agreTve uwar-
Cinebulesi xuroTmoZrvaric rom iyos, umasaloT
ras gaakeTebs? -kargi is aris, roca Wkua da codna
orive erTad SekavSirdebian! erTs megrels uTqvams:
,,Wkua maspinZelia da swavla ki mosuli stumario. Tu
maspinZeli mwyralaT aris da Rirseulad ver dauxv-
da mosuls stumars, maSin aRarc stumari moicdiso~
[wereTeli, 2012: gv. 140-141].
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa akaki wereTlis
damokidebuleba qarTveli qalebisadmi. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom is agrZelebs nikoloz baraTaSvilis
xedvas, romelic am epoqam daayena qarTveli qalis
gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis Sesaxeb. poeti Sewux-
ebulia misi qveynis Tanamedrove mdgomareobiT,
romelic pirdapir moqmedebs qarTvel qalTa ga-
naTlebaze: `dRes, rodesac qveyana dakninda da yo-
liferma icvala elferi, daqveiTeba yvelaze ufro
qalebs daetyo da gareSe Tvals, maT Semxedvares, si-
tyva ,,istoriuli qarTveli qali” zRapruli ocneba
an samaradisod gadasuli da gamqrali saxeli egone-
ba, magram Sescdeba!” [wereTeli, 1990: gv. 485-486].
qalis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba Zalian Seicvala:
,,...axla SedarebiT vsTqvaT, uwindeli dedebic amaT-

260
Tanebi iyvnen CvenSi Tu ara? diaxac ara! is sofioebi,
romlebzedac guldawyvetili qviTinebs baraTaSvi-
li, dRes arsad arian! Zvel droSi qarTvels Zvi-
rad ipovidiT CvenSi, rom ar yofiliyo ganswavluli
saRmrTo-saerozed, icodnen qarTuli zedmiwevniT,
iyvnen kargi mosaqnareni da meojaxeebi; maTi gone-
ba mudam garTuli iyo rigian saqmeebSi da axla ki
ZviraT ipoeba saqarTveloSi dedakaci am RirsebiT
sruli. dRes swavla hgoniaT mxolod CiqorTuli
rusuli da tancioba, da is dedakacuri bunebac,
romelsac uyvars mSvidobianoba da siwynare, maTSi
aRar ixedeba....Rirsi deda wvrTnis Svils da zrdis
mis sulier mxaresac, romelsac safuZvlad udebs
umetesad qristes moZRvrebas...~ [wereTeli, 1989: gv.
28].
akakis momavali Taobis erovnebisa da ganaT-
lebis umTavres mcvelebad qalebi miaCnia da wuxs
imis gamo, rom misi qveynis avbediTi mdgomareoba
qarTveli qalis am udides funqcias nel-nela ganze
wevs da akninebs im udides rols, rac qveynis xsnis
saqmeSi maT akisriaT. akakis gulistkivili qarT-
vel qalTa ganaTlebis problemebis gamo aisaxa mis
publicistur werilSi ,,saubari inglisel qalTan~,
sadac mkafiod gamoCnda imJamindeli mdgomareoba
qarTvel qalTa sazogadoebisa, romlebic sakuTar
enas ar kadruloben. ingliseli qalbatonis xumro-
banarevi fraza `gana qarTveli qali var, rom ara
vicode ra~, epoqis mZime anareklia. gamosavali aka-
kis ase warmoudgenia: `qarTvel qalTa unda Seiswav-
lon samSoblo misi warsuliT da awmyoTi. marTalia,
iqidan yvela aqtrisa ver gamova, magram samagierod

261
gamovlen kargad momzadebuli qarTveli qalebi,
romelnic Svilebsac gamozrdian da ojaxsac waruZ-
Rvebian~ [wereTeli, 2012: gv. 58].
akaki wereTeli gaisigrZaganebda ra pedagogikis
sferoSi arsebul mZime mdgomareobas, gamudmebiT
cdilobda gverdSi dasdgomoda did iakob gogebaS-
vils da maTi SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba gansa-
kuTrebuli SaravandediT Semosa ukvdavma qmnile-
bam, anabanis saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedevrma ,,deda
enam~. `deda ena” ara marto wera-kiTxvis sworupo-
vari saxelmZRvaneloa, aramed Cveni xalxuri Semo-
qmedebisa da klasikuri sabavSvo mwerlobis mar-
galitebis xelTuqmneli saunjec. gogebaSvili
xalxuri zepirsityvierebis nimuSebs agrovebda da
xalxsave ubrunebda Tavisi saxelmZRvaneloebiT. igi
xvewda, amuSavebda da srulyofda xalxuri poeziis
nimuSebs da ise Sehqonda `deda enasa~ da ,,bunebis
karis~ furclebze. bavSvTa gulis mesaidumle, xe-
lovani pedagogi, ara marto Tavad amowmebda da
alamazebda `deda enaSi~ Sesatan yovel sityvasa da
gamoTqmas, aramed sxvebsac iSveliebda. `vTxove aka-
kis Caecmia misTvis Taviseburi poeturi tanisamosi.
manac dauzareblad amisrula Txovna. zogi Zlier
Sescvala, zogi ufro naklebad~, _ aRniSnavda iakobi
[zoiZe, 2010].
akaki wereTlis publicisturi werilebi, mis
sxva mxatvrul nawarmoebebTan erTad, dasturia imi-
sa, rom Tavisi qveynis momavalze zrunvis da misi
swor gzaze dayenebis umTavresi mizani axali Tao-
bis swori aRzrda-ganaTlebaa. ilia WavWavaZisa da
Cemi Rvawli ra mosatania iakob gogebaSvilis Rvawl-

262
Tan SedarebiTo, _ aRniSnavda is da amiT xazs usvam-
da mis gamorCeul Rvawls, romelic yvelaze metad
sWirdeboda qveyanas.

literatura:

1. wereTeli,1989: a. wereTeli, rCeuli nawarmoe-

bebi xuT tomad, publicisturi da kritikuli
werilebi, t. 4, Tb., 1989.
2. wereTeli, 1990: a. wereTeli, rCeuli nawarmoe-
bebi xuT tomad, publicisturi da kritikuli
werilebi, t. 5, Tb., 1990.
3. wereTeli, 2012: a. wereTeli, rCeuli nawarmoe-
bebi xuT tomad, publicisturi da kritikuli
werilebi, t. 5, Tb., 2012.
4. qiqoZe, 1985: g. qiqoZe, werilebi, eseebi, narkveve-
bi. Tb., 1985.
5. mgalobliSvili, 1990: s. mgalobliSvili, akaki,
wignSi mogonebebi akakize, Tb., 1990.
6. zoiZe, 2010: a. zoiZe, akaki wereTeli da iakob
gogebaSvili, gaz. `axali ganaTleba”, 12. 08. 2010.
7. pedagogikis istoria, 1988: pedagogikis isto-
ria, n. vasaZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1988.

263
 Tavi V

praqtikis kvleva sauniversiteto swavlebaSi

5 .1 praqtikis kvlevis swavlebis axleburi

midgomebi da gamowvevebi
maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTare-
bisTvis zrunva sauniversiteto swavlebis adreu-
li etapidan unda daiwyos. rogorc cnobilia, swav-
lebis Teoriebis Sesaxeb wignebiTa da leqciebiT
miRebuli codna ver uzrunvelyofs Teoriisa da
praqtikis uSualo kavSiris srulfasovan gaazre-
bas. Teoria da praqtika SeiZleba studentebisT-
vis universitetis damTavrebis Semdegac ver gaxdes
gacnobierebuli, Tu mas profesiis arCevis dasawy-
isSive ar ecodineba, rom `uwyveti profesiuli gan-
viTareba/ganaTleba aris gza, romlis saSualebiTac
adamianebi samsaxurSi inarCuneben, aumjobeseben da
afarToeben Tavis codnasa da unarebs, ganaviTare-
ben profesiuli saqminobisTvis aucilebel pirad
Tvisebebs~ (saganmanaTleblo struqturebis urT-
ierTSerwyma evropaSi). Cven irgvliv arsebuli re-
aloba yvelasgan erTnairad moiTxovs jer sakuTar
cnobierebaSi davnergoT swavlisa da swavlebis ax-
ali Teoriebi, romlebic SemdgomSi miRebuli cod-
nis gamoyenebasa da praqtikul gaazrebaSi dagvex-
mareba.
uwyveti ganviTarebisken orientirebuli sazo-
gadoebis Camoyalibeba didadaa ganpirobebuli mas-
wavleblis SemoqmedebiTi da kvlevaze dafuZnebuli
saswavlo aqtivobebiT. pedagogis aqtiurobasa da

264
individualur stilzea damokidebuli misi Semd-
gomi profesiuli ganviTareba. iseTi patara qvey-
nisTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, Tavisi Ria ekono-
mikuri da SezRuduli resursebiT, mniSvnelovania
globalur socialur tendenciebSi integrireba, es
ki upirvelesad ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebaSi
unda gamoixatos. universitetis studentma, rome-
lic ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvaweobas gadawyvets,
unda icodes is ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, saiTkenac
e.w. `gonivruli skolebi~ miiswrafvian. Tanamedrove
amerikeli mecnieri da mkvlevari devid perkinsi
migviTiTebs, rom `sajaro skolebs udidesi pasux-
ismgebloba akisriaT _ gansxvavebuli miswrafebebis,
niWis, azrovnebis, qcevis, sabaziso codnisa da Sina-
gani samyaros adamianTaTvis saTanado ganaTlebis
micema. skola iseTive saocrebaa, rogorc naTura -
Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ganuyofeli da Cveu-
li nawili, magram istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, Tavisi
daniSnulebiTa da amocanebiT, sakmaod axali da eg-
zotikuri~ [perkinsi.., 2007: 9-10]. Zalian xSirad am
dawesebulebaSi aswavlian Zveli, dadgenili meTodeb-
iT da rogorc mkvlevari aRniSnavs, xarvezi codnaSi
ki ara, mis gamoyenebaSi gvaqvs. codnis praqtikaSi ga-
moyenebis danergvis problemur sakiTxebs mkvlevre-
bi sxvadasxva mizezebiT xsnian `rogorc cnobilia,
pedagogikis Teoriisa da praqtikis mdgomareoba
ar viTardeba sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kvalda-
kval. es mdgomareoba, erTxel rom damkvidrdeba,
cdilobs, rac SeiZleba metxans SeinarCunos Tavi-
si Tavi. es _ inerciis kanonia. inercia aqac Tav-
isuflebaSia. pedagogikuri kvlevis ZiriTadi miza-

265
ni swored am mdgomareobis Secvlaa, sazogadoebis
ganviTarebis donis Sesabamisad. magram pedagogikis
Teoriisa da praqtikis damkvidrebuli mdgomareo-
bis siRrmiseuli codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia am md-
gomareobis Secvla, SeuZlebelia adamianis aRzrdis
Sesaxeb saganmanaTleblo politikisa da mecnierebis
ganviTarebis prognozireba. am codnis mopoveba ki
xdeba specialurad organizebuli mecnierul-peda-
gogikuri kvlevebis procesSi. maSasadame, mkvlevari
maswavlebeli ikvlevs arsebul saganmanaTleblo md-
gomareobas, saxavs misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs
da Sesabamisad iZleva rekomendaciebs damkvidrebu-
li mdgomareobis Secvlis Taobaze. amitom, rogorc
Cans, kvlevis respondenti SeiZleba iyos moswavlec,
maswavlebelic da nebismieri sxvac, romelic Car-
Tulia saganmanaTleblo procesSi~ [jinjixaZe, 2016:
9]. problemis amgvari xedvis aqtualoba gaxda sa-
fuZveli momavali maswavleblebisTvis ganaTlebis
sferoSi swavla-swavlebis sakiTxebze Catarebuli
kvlevebis Sedegebis gaazrebis, swavlebis miznebis,
strategiebis da meTodebis dagegmvisa da gamoy-
enebis saWiro unarebis gamomuSavebisa. studentebs
universitetSive vaswavliT, pedagogiuri saqmiano-
bis gaumjobesebis mizniT, damoukideblad an ko-
legebTan erTad, mcire kvlevebis ganxorcielebas
da Sedegebis kolegebisTvis gaziarebis saWiroebas.
maswavlebelTa sauniversiteto momzadebaSi
dagegmili siaxle, romelsac universitetebi 2018-
2019 saswavlo wlidan xorcieldeba, maswavleblis
momzadebis integrirebuli sabakalavro-samagistro
saganmanaTleblo 300 kreditiani programis SemoRe-

266
biT daiwyo. am programis amoqmedebis mTvari mizani
ki Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisi pedagogiuri
kadrebis momzadebaa. programa ramdenime modulis-
gan Sedgeba da masSi 60 krediti saskolo praqtikas
da praqtikis kvlevas eTmoba.
momaval pedagogTa momzadebis programaSi
praqtikis kvlevis danergva studentebs miscems
SesaZleblobas adreul etapzeve iswavlon sakuTar
saqmianobaze dakvirveba da gamotanili daskvnebis
Sedegad intervenciebis dagegmva da ganxorciele-
ba. aseTi midgoma sakuTari saqmianobisadmi xels
Seuwyobs maT profesiul zrdas da ganviTarebas.
momavali pedagogebi iswavlian, Tu rogor gamoi-
yenon samoqmedo kvleva swavlebis sxva mniSvnelo-
van komponentebTan erTad. rogorc maswavleblis
profesiuli ganviTarebis gzamkvlevebi gvaswavlian,
pedagogiuri praqtikis kvleva aris pedagogebis, di-
reqtorebis, saskolo sazogadoebis sxva warmomad-
genlebis mier Catarebuli nebismieri saxis meTodu-
ri gamokvleva konkretuli maswavleblis, skolis
saqmianobis, swavla-swavlebis da moswavleTa akade-
miuri miRwevebis Sesaxeb informaciis Segrovebisa da
gaumjobesebis mizniT. praqtikis kvlevis ganmxor-
cielebelma pirebma unda gaacnobieron, rom kvleva-
Si CarTva maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
saukeTeso saSualebaa, profesiulad mzardi maswav-
lebeli mudmivad ganaaxlebs sakuTar pedagogiur
praqtikas, rac skolaSi swavla-swavlebis xarisxis
amaRlebisa da moswavleTa moswrebis gaumjobesebis
aucilebeli pirobaa [inasariZe, 2016: gv. 62].
maswavleblis momzadebis integrirebuli sabaka-

267
lavro-samagistro 300 kreditiani saganmanaTleblo
programis mixedviT, praqtikis kvlevis swavleba
miznad isaxavs studentebisTvis maswavleblis pro-
fesiuli qmedebis sabaziso kvleviTi kompetenciis
ganviTarebas. mocemuli kursis farglebSi studen-
tebi Seiswavlian: kvlevis rols saganmanaTleblo
sistemaSi, skolaSi, saswavlo saqmianobaSi da uwyvet
profesiul ganviTarebaSi; kvlevis raodenobriv da
Tvisebriv meTodebs; pedagogiuri kvlevis dagegmvas;
monacemTa Segrovebis meTodebs (testireba, gamok-
iTxva, interviu, fokusjgufi, dakvirveba); Semdeg
etapze ki studentebma unda SeZlon kvlevis Sede-
gebis interpretacia da gamoyeneba; kvlevis Sedege-
bze dayrdnobiT intervenciebis da maTi Sefasebis
principebis danergva.
praqtikis kvlevis kursis paralelurad axal
sauniversiteto programebSi didia praqtikis wili.
praqtika saganmanaTleblo programis ganuyofeli
nawilia da mas win uZRvis studentis informireba.
praqtikamde universiteti unda darwmundes, rom
studentma icis Tavisi uflebebi da movaleobebi,
risTvisac mas aswavlis usafrTxoebis wesebsa da
eTikis normebs; misaRwevi swavlis Sedegebs/kom-
petenciebs; dRiuris warmoebis wessa da angariSis
momzadebas; praqtikis Sefasebis kriteriumebs.
praqtikis kvlevaSi vrceli Teoriuli da sasko-
lo situaciebis analizis swavleba uzrunvelyofs
imas, rom momavalSi skolaSi mivides axalgazrda
maswavlebeli, romelsac SeeZleba praqtikis kv-
levis sferosTvis Sesabamisi monacemebis Segroveba,
monacemebisa da situaciebis analizi; standartu-

268
li da zogierTi gamorCeuli meTodis gamoyenebiT
dasabuTebuli daskvnebis Camoyalibeba; saskolo
sivrceSi arsebuli problemis gadasaWrelad ar-
gumentirebuli winadadebebis da mosazrebebis
SemuSaveba.
saswavlo kursis gavlisas studentebs unda vas-
wavloT, rom `kargi pedagogebi yovelTvis aqcevd-
nen yuradRebas, Tu ra gavlena hqonda maTi swav-
lebis meTods moswavleebis swavlis Sedegebze.
SesaZloa, isini am process ar uwodebdnen samo-
qmedo kvlevas da SesaZloa arc miaCndaT, rom maTi
nafiqrali sakmarisad swori da mniSvnelovani iyo,
raTa igi Sefasebuliyo rogorc kvleva, Tumca aR-
niSnuli marTlac aris samoqmedo kvleva [milsi,
2007: gv. 31]. potenciurad maswavleblebis udidesi
nawili mudmivad CarTulia praqtikis kvlevis pro-
cesSi. es xdeba maSin, rodesac isini individulurad
Tu kolegebTan erTad, formalur Tu araformal-
ur garemoSi cdiloben pasuxebi gascen swavla-swav-
lebis im sakiTxebs, romlebic maT aintersebT da/
an aRelvebT. imisaTvis, rom maTi kvlevis praqtika
gaxdes ufro nayofieri da obieqturi, sasurvelia
maswavleblebma gamoiyenon kvlevis sayovelTaod
aRiarebuli etapebi da meTodebi [liparteliani,
2018]. axali sabakalavro-samagistro programebis
amoqmedebamdec, maswavleblis ganaTlebis sabakala-
vro programis studentebi, pedagogiuri praqtikis
paralelurad sabakalavro naSromze muSaobisas
sainteresod swavlobdnen da ikvlevdnen skolaSi
arsebul viTarebas. Tumca samgistro programisT-
vis saswavlo kursis momzadebam saSualeba mogvca

269
momaval specialistebs SevTavazoT ufro Rrma da
safuZvliani Teoriuli codna praqtikis kvlevaSi,
am saqmes xels uwyobs sworad gaazrebuli programis
Sinaarsi, praqtikis kvlevasTan erTad studentebi
gadian ganaTlebis sociologiis kurss, sadac ga-
mowvlilviT swavloben kvlevis dagegmvas, monacem-
Ta Segrovebis meTodebs, swori warmodgena eqmnebaT
kvlevis siworeze, mis sandoobasa da eTikurobaze.
studentebi swavloben, rom pedagogiuri praq-
tikis kvleva miekuTvneba gamoyenebiT kvlevaTa
ricxvs. gamoyenebiTi kvlevis ZiriTadi mizania Te-
oriebis, meqanizmebis, teqnologiebis praqtikaSi ga-
moyeneba da danergva. es aris profesiuli situa-
ciebis sistemuri kvleva, Catarebuli maswavlebelTa
mier sakuTari profesionalizmis daxvewis saswavlo
procesisa da moswavleTa Sedegebis gaumjobesebis
mizniT.
profesionalia maswavlebeli, romelsac Seu-
Zlia pedagogiuri saqmianobis dros wamoWrili
problemebis identificireba, misi gadaWris gzebis
Zieba da povna, axali ideebis, inovaciebis, strate-
giebis pedagogiur praqtikaSi danergva. pedagogiu-
ri praqtikis kvleva marto wamoWrili siZneleebis
dros ki ar aris saWiro, aramed axali ideebis, in-
ovaciebis gamosacdelad, sakuTari Zlieri mxarisa
da potencialis aRmosaCenad, saWiro unar-Cvevebis
gasaviTareblad da, rac mTavaria, skolaSi swav-
la-swavlebis xarisxisa da moswavleTa Sedegebis ga-
saumjobeseblad [inasariZe…., 2016: gv. 62-63]. milsis
mixedviT: samoqmedo kvleva aris kvleva, romelsac
pedagogebi sakuTari TavisTvis atareben; igi ar

270
tardeba gare pirebis mier. samoqmedo kvlevis dros
pedagogebi Cabmuli arian oTxsafexurian procesSi,
es safexurebia:
prioritetuli sferos gansazRvra;
monacemTa Segroveba;
monacemTa analizi da interpretireba;
samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba [milsi,2007: gv. 31].
samagistro programis praqtikis kvlevis sila-
busSi sagnis swavlebis Sedegebi asea gansazRvruli:
codna da gacnobiereba:
 gansazRvravs profesiuli ganviTarebis ZiriT-
ad principebs, formebsa da gzebs, ganaTlebis
mecnierebebSi Tanamedrove tendenciebsa da kv-
levebs;
 aRwers ganaTlebis mecnierebis ganviTarebis
mizniT kvlevis meTodebis gamoyenebis Sesa-
Zleblobebs;
 ayalibebs praqtikis kvlevis specifikasTan da
mis warmarTvasTan dakavSirebul Tavisebure-
bebs;
 kvlevis miznis Sesabamisad gansazRvravs raode-
nobriv an/da Tvisebriv meTodebs;
 pedagogiuri kvlevis dagegmvisas gansazRvravs
monacemTa Segrovebis gzebs (testireba, gamok-
iTxva, interviu, fokusjgufi, dakvirveba);
 axdens kvlevis Sedegebis interpretacias da kv-
levis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT adgens interven-
ciebs.
codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba:
 agrovebs praqtikis kvlevis sferosTvis damaxa-
siaTebel da miznis Sesabamis monacemebs;

271
17. r. f i f i a
  ayalibebs dasabuTebul daskvnebs monacemebisa
da situaciebis analizis standartuli da zo-
gierTi gamorCeuli meTodis gamoyenebis safuZ-
velze;
 SeimuSavebs ganaTlebis problemur sakiTxebze
argumentirebul winadadebebs da Sesabamis mo-
sazrebebs;
 saskolo sivrceSi arsebuli problemebis ga-
dasaWrelad iyenebs analizisa da Sefasebis
meTodebs;
Rirebulebebi:
 orientirebulia uwyvet profesiul ganviTare-
baze, sxvadasxva gziT siaxleebis aTvisebasa da
maT praqtikaSi danergvaze;
 iRebs pasuxismgeblobas praqtikis kvlevis Se-
degad gamovlenili saWiroebebis intervenciis
dagegmva da ganxorcieleba warmarTos garemos
inkluziurobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
SedarebisTvis: kvlevis Catarebis Tanmimdev-
roba saskolo praqtikaSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba
daigegmos: saTauri, sarCevi, Sesavali; praqtikuli
kvleva; naSromis struqtura; literaturis mimox-
ilva; problema da sakvlevi sakiTxi, problemis Ser-
Ceva; meTodologia: kvlevis gegma, kvlevis jgufis
muSaoba; monacemTa analizi: kvlevis mignebebi; in-
tervencia: SesaZlo intervenciebi, ganxorcielebu-
li cvlilebebi, rekomendaciebi skolis administra-
cias, intervenciis Sefaseba; daskvna; gamoyenebuli
literatura, danarTi. TiToeuli komponenti calke
ganxilvis sagania da sabakalvro-samagistro pro-
gramis farglebSi studentebs fundamenturad unda

272
vaswavloT kvlevisaTvis gansaxorcielebeli yvela
aqtivoba, rac xels Seuwyobs pedagogiuri praqtikis
kvlevis Sefasebis Semdegi kriteriumebis ganxor-
cielebas: sakvlevi problemis aqtualoba; miza-
ni da misi Sesabamisoba sakvlev problematikasTan;
sakiTxis irgvliv arsebuli problemebis warmoCena;
sakiTxis ganxilvis sisrule; wyaroebis sandooba;
kvlevis meTodebis Sesabamisoba kvlevis mizanTan;
argumentaciisa da daskvnis logikuroba da kavSiri
sakvlev sakiTxTan.
kvlevis Catarebisa da monacemTa damuSavebis
Semdeg angariSis Seqmnis droc dgeba. yvela doku-
ments Tavisi ena, stili aqvs. rac Seexeba kvlevis
stils, igi akademiuria. kvlevis angariSis struq-
tura standartulia, rogorc tradiciuli, aseve
praqtikis kvlevis angariSisTvis. mkvlevari an-
gariSis weris dros unda icavdes, magaliTad, Cik-
agos stilis kanonebs [ix. Turabiani, 2009] an APA
stils, kvleviTi naSromis gaformebuli unda iyos
Tanamedrove standartebiT. aq sauniversiteto sa-
gnebidan unda moviSvelioT akademiuri wera da naS-
romis gaformebis yvelaze Tanamedrove meTodebiT
unda aRvWurvoT momavali mkvlevari-maswavlebeli.
axali sabakalavro-samagistro programebis amo-
qmedebamdec, maswavleblis ganaTlebis sabakalavro
programis studentebi, pedagogiuri praqtikis para-
lelurad sabakalavro naSromze muSaobisas saint-
eresod swavlobdnen da ikvlevdnen skolaSi arse-
bul viTarebas. moviyvanT Cveni xelmZRvanelobiT
Catarebuli ramdenime kvlevis nimuSs, romlebic sa-
bakalavro naSromebis Sesrulebisas ganaxorcieles

273
ganaTlebis fakultetis kursdamTavrebulebma:
1. gamWoli da inovaciuri kompetenciebis Sesax-
eb Catarebuli kvleva, romelic sainteresod gvix-
atavs am mimarTulebiT arsebul mdgomareobas.
Cveni xelmZRvanelobiT, bakalavrma irina maCi-
tiZem Caatara kvleva gamWoli da inovaciuri kompe-
tenciebis Sesaxeb, romelic sainteresod gvixatavs
am mimarTulebiT arsebul mdgomareobas. bakalavr-
ma, sakvlevi strategiis gansazRvris Semdgom, aq-
tiurad iTanamSromla respodentebTan da maTgan
miiRo swori informacia gamWoli prioritetuli
kompetenciebis gansaviTarebeli gakveTilebis dage-
gmva-Catarebis Sesaxeb. kvlevis meTodologiad ga-
moviyeneT interviu da anketireba. CavatareT kv-
leva, romlis farglebSic gamoikiTxa 145-e da 94-e
sajaro skolis 30 moqmedi pedagogi. kvlevis mizani
iyo dagvedgina, Tu ramdenad icnoben skolebSi mo-
muSave pedagogebi inovaciuri da gamWoli kompeten-
ciebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli gakveTilebis
Catarebis meTodikas, ramdenad iyeneben am meTodebs
praqtikaSi swavleba-swavlis procesSi da gamoy-
enebis SemTxvevaSi ra Sedegi aqvT maT. agreTve, kv-
levis farglebSi gvsurda gagverkvia, aRniSnuli
meTodebis mimarT ramdenad didi interesi da moTx-
ovnilebaa zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi
(skolebSi), swavlebis romel safexurze da romel
saganSi iyeneben aRniSnul meTodebs efeqturi ga-
kveTilis Catarebis mizniT.
kvleva anonimuri saxis iyo, romelSic pedago-
gi uTiTebda: asaks, sqess, skolas (sadac muSaobs),
klass da im sagans, romlis maswavlebelic aris. kv-

274
levaSi monawileobdnen swavlebis yvela safexuris
pedagogebi; Cvens mier Segrovebuli informaciis
damuSavebam, analizma da kvlevam gamokveTa Semde-
gi mniSvnelovani faqtorebi:
1) kiTxvaze, icnobs Tu ara pedagogi inovaciu-
ri swavlebis meTodikas? gamokiTxulTa 57%-ma
dadebiTad upasuxa, xolo 43% nawilobriv ic-
nobs. kiTxvaze pasuxi `ara~ aravis gaucia.
2) icnobs Tu ara pedagogi gamWoli kompeten-
ciebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli gakveTi-
lis Catarebis meTodikas? dadebiTad upasuxa
gamokiTxulTa 53%-ma, xolo 47% nawilobriv
icnobs. am kiTxvazec pasuxi `ara~ ar gauciaT.
3) aRniSnuli gakveTilis tipebidan praqtikaSi
orives iyenebs 47%, nawilobriv orives-23%, mx-
olod inovaciurs-17%, xolo mxolod gamWol
kompetenciebs _ 13%. iseTi pedagogi ar aRmoCn-
da, romelic saerTod ar iyenebs aRniSnuli ga-
kveTilis tipebidan romelimes.
4) am meTodebis gamoyenebiT Catarebuli ga-
kveTilebis saSualebiT gegmiT gansazRvrul
Sedegebs miaRwia gamokiTxulTa 73%-ma, 27%-ma
ki saSualod miaRwia. `ver miaRwia~ pasuxi ar
dafiqsirda.
5) kiTxvaze, Secvala Tu ara am meTodebis gamoy-
enebiT Catarebulma gakveTilma samoqmedo ge-
gma? 60%-ma dadebiTad upasuxa, ar Seucvlia
17%-isTvis, xolo nawilobriv Seucvala 23%-s.
6) kiTxvaze, maTi azriT, ramdenad mniSvnelova-
nia am tipis gakveTilebis Catareba moswavle-
Ta swavleba-swavlis procesSi? 87% Tvlis, rom

275
 mniSvnelovania, 13%-s miaCnia, rom nawilobriv
mniSvnelovania. kiTxvaze pasuxi `umniSvneloa~
arc erT pedagogs daufiqsirebia.
7) gamokiTxulTa 37% Tvlis, rom skolebSi am ti-
pis gakveTilebis Catareba moTxovnadia, xolo
63%-is azriT, nawilobriv moTxovnadia. kiTx-
vaze pasuxi `ar aris moTxovnadi~ aravis gaucia.
8) kiTxvaze, aqvT Tu ara skolebs aRniSnuli ga-
kveTilebis CatarebisTvis saWiro resursebi da
materialur-teqnikuri baza? 33% miiCnevs, rom
aqvT. 67% Tvlis, rom nawilobriv aqvT. arc
erTi pedagogi ar Tvlis rom skolebs `ar aqvT~
resursebi da materialur-teqnikuri baza.
9) kiTxvaze, Tu rogori Sedegi hqonda am meTodeb-
iT Catarebul gakveTils? gamokiTxulTa umrav-
lesobam dadebiTi pasuxi gasca. isini aRniSnaven,
rom aseTi gakveTilebis Catarebisas moswavlee-
bi ufro aqtiurebi, SemoqmedebiTebi, damou-
kideblebi arian. aseT dros metad Cans maTi
SesaZleblobebi, ris Sedegadac maswavleble-
bi iReben ufro efeqtian gakveTils, vidre es
Cveulebriv xdeba.
10) bolo kiTxvaze ki, Tu ra RonisZiebebi unda
gatardes maTi azriT, imisaTvis, rom am tipis
gakveTilebis Catarebis procesSi arsebuli
problemebi gamoswordes? gamokiTxulTa um-
ravlesoba ambobs, rom saWiroa ufro metad mi-
eqces skolebSi am tipis gakveTilebis Catarebas
yuradReba, skolebs hqondeT meti saWiro re-
sursi da materialur-teqnikuri baza. am yvela-
frisTvis ki, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa ganaTlebis

276
 saministrosa da skolebis ufro aqtiuri Ta-
namSromloba am sakiTxis wina planze wamowev-
isTvis.
bakalavrma daaskvna, rom pedagogebi icnoben
da swavlebis procesSi sakmaod aqtiurad iyeneben,
rogorc inovaciuri, ise gamWoli kompetenciebis
ganviTarebaze orientirebuli gakveTilebis Catare-
bis meTodikas, rac imiT dasturdeba, rom kvlevaSi
monawile pedagogebidan arc erTs ar hqonia pasuxi
,,ara~ iseT kiTxvebze, rogorebicaa: icnobdnen Tu
ara aseT gakveTilebs; iyenebdnen Tu ara am tipis
gakveTilebs praqtikaSi; arcerTs ar daufiqsirebia,
ase dagegmili gakveTilebi `umniSvneloa~ an `ar
aris moTxovnadi~ skolaSi.
2. bakalavrma mariam adamiam Caatara saswavlo
aqtivobebis gamoyenebis saWiroebis Sesaxeb kvle-
va universaluri dizainis principebis gaTvalis-
winebiT, sakvlevi strategiis gansazRvris Semdeg,
aqtiurad iTanamSromla respodentebTan da ganax-
orciela kvleva, romlis farglebSic gamoikiTxa qa-
laq Tbilisis sami sajaro skolis (106-e, 126-e, 145-
e) 20 moqmedi pedagogi.
kvlevis ZiriTadi mizani iyo dagvedgina, Tu
ramdenad icnoben skolebSi momuSave pedagoge-
bi sxvadasxva aqtivobebs da ramdenad iyeneben isi-
ni maT saswavlo procesis dros. xolo, gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi, ra Sedegs Rebuloben isini. aseve, kv-
levis farglebSi gvsurda gagverkvia, aRniSnuli
aqtivobebis mimarT ramdenad iCenen isini interess.
swavlebis romel safexurze iyeneben aRniSnul aq-
tivobebs efeqturi gakveTilis Catarebis mizniT.

277
 kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa Semdegi monacemebi:
1) kiTxvaze, ra tipis saWiroebis mqone bavSvebi
hyavT maT klasSi? gamokiTxulTa 75%-ma uary-
ofiTad upasuxa, xolo 25%-ma dadebiTad, maT
klasSi hyavT daunis sindromis mqone moswavle,
aseve autisturi speqtris aSlilobis mqone da
a.S
2) kiTxvaze, Tu ra tipis saWiroebebs iyeneben isi-
ni sssm moswavleebTan? im 25%-ma, vis klasSic
aris sssm moswavle, ganacxada, rom isini iyene-
ben individualur saswavlo gegmas, romelic
morgebulia specialurad sssm moswavleze.
3) kiTxvaze, iyeneben Tu ara isini klasSi didaqti-
kur TamaSebs? ocive pedagogma ganacxada, rom
isini iyeneben klasSi didaqtikur TamaSebs.
4) kiTxvaze, ramdenad xSirad marTaven klasSi di-
skusiebs? gamokiTxulTa 75%-ma ganacxada, rom
isini xSirad marTaven klasSi diskusias, 25%-ma
ganacxada, rom iSviaTad iyenebs, pasuxi _ saer-
Tod ar vmarTav, ar dafiqsirebula.
5) kiTxvaze, romel interaqtiul midgomas iyene-
ben klasSi? gamokiTxulTa 40%-ma ganacxada,
rom isini iyeneben individualur midgomas, 25%
iyenebs konkurentuls, xolo 35% _ kolabo-
raciuls.
6) kiTxvaze, romel unar-Cvevebze muSaobaa pri-
oritetuli dawyebiT safexurze? maswavlebleb-
ma ganacxades, rom mniSvnelovania moswavleebs
ganuviTardeT yuradRebis, mosmenis, TanamS-
romlobis, gageba-gaazrebis da sxva unar-Cveve-
bi. maTi azriT, es moswavleTa ganviTarebaze

278
 dadebiTad imoqmedebs.
7) kiTxvaze, ZiriTadad rodis atareben fonolo-
giur savarjiSoebs? gamokiTxulTa umetesobam
ganacxada, rom I klasSi atareben am tipis savar-
jiSoebs, xolo zogma maTganma ganacxada, rom
yvela safexurze gakveTilis nebismier fazaSi
iyeneben am strategias.
8) kiTxvaze, xmamaRla kiTxvaze muSaobisas, romel
strategias ufro xSirad iyeneben? gamokiTx-
ulTa 30%-ma ganacxada, rom is iyenebs gundur
kiTxvas, 25% iyenebs wyvilebSi kiTxvas, xolo
45% _ individualur kiTxvas.
9) kiTxvaze, iyeneben Tu ara martivi teqstis Seqm-
nis aqtivobas? gamokiTxulTa 60%-ma ganacxada
rom xSirad iyenebs, xolo 40% iSviaTad iyenebs.
10) kiTxvaze, romel kognitur sqemas iyeneben
saswavlo aqtivobebis gansaxorcieleblad?
gamokiTxulTa umetesobam ganacxada, rom isi-
ni swavlebaSi iyeneben yvela tipis sqemas (venis
diagrama, T diagrama, Sedareba da sxva), xolo
iyvnen iseTi maswavleblebi, romlebic saswav-
lo procesSi iyeneben mxolod erT kognitur
sqemas.
kvlevis Sedegebidan gamomdinare, sabolood
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sagakveTilo procesSi sxva-
dasxva aqtivobis gamoyeneba aucilebelia, radgan
es dadebiTad moqmedebs rogorc saswavlo pro-
cesze, aseve moswavleTa swavlebis doneze. swav-
leba ufro saintereso da xalisiania, moswavleebi
ufro metad arian CarTulni sagakveTilo proceSi,
iCenen ufro met yuradRebas, koncentrirebulni

279
arian Temis mimarT. maswavleblebi, aseve, iTvalis-
wineben aqtivobis SerCevisas TiToeuli moswavlis
SesaZleblobebs da maT damokidebulebas. saswavlo
aqtivobebis swori SerCeva exmareba maswavlebels sa-
kuTari sagnis ise warmarTvaSi, rom igi moswavlis
ganviTarebis gzad aqcios.
bakalavr nia Samugias mier Catarebuli kvlevis
mizani iyo daedgina, Tu ramdenad iyenebdnen mas-
wavleblebi swavlebisas diferencirebul midgomas.
aseve, gagverkvia, ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo dif-
erencirebuli midgomiT swavleba rogorc moswav-
leebisTvis, aseve maswavleblebisTvis, anu raSi ex-
mareba maT. kvlevis mizani iyo, Tu ramdenad daZlies
barieri diferencirebuli midgomiT moswavleebma.
aRniSnuli midgomas ramdenad efeqturia da romel
saganSi iyeneben mas gakveTilis Catarebis mizniT.
kvleva anonimuri saxis iyo, romelSic pedagogi
uTiTebda: asaks, sqess, skolas (sadac muSaobs) da im
sagans, romlis maswavlebelic aris. TemasTan daka-
vSirebiT CavatareT kvleva, romlis farglebSi ga-
moikiTxa qalaq Tbilisis moqmedi 25 pedagogi (145-e
da 71-e sajaro skolebi).
kvlevam aCvena Semdegi Sedegi:
1) kiTxvaze, diferencirebuli swavlebis dros
iyenebT Tu ara sxvadasxva tipis aqtivobebs da aris
Tu ara skolaSi saWiro resursi, rom ganxorciel-
des msgavsi tipis swavleba? gamokiTxulTa 68%-ma
daafiqsira, rom aqtiurad iyeneben aqtivobebs da
Tvlian, rom aris skolaSi sakmarisi resursi, xolo
20%-ma daafiqsira, rom metnaklebad aris skolaSi
resursi da aqtivobebis gansaxorcieleblad Tvi-

280
Tonac qmnian da 12% daafiqsira, rom ar aris sko-
laSi sakmarisi resursi.
2)kiTxvaze, Tqveni azriT, saWiroa Tu ara mas-
wavlebeli iTvaliswinebdes TiToeuli moswavlis
codnas, unar-Cvevebs, damokidebulebas, rom dif-
erencirebuli swavleba iyos efeqturi? gamokiTx-
ulTa 96%-ma daafiqsira, rom unda iTvaliswinebdes,
4% Tvlis, rom nawilobriv unda iTvaliswinebdes,
xolo `ar unda iTvaliswinebdes~ _ pasuxi ar dafiq-
sirebula.
3) kiTxvaze, Tqveni azriT, raSi exmareba maswav-
lebels diferencirebuli midgoma? maswavlebel-
Ta umetesi nawili fiqrobs, rom diferencirebuli
midgomiT swavleba maswavlebels exmareba imaSi, rom
TiToeul moswavle ufro Rrmad wvdeba sagans da
gadis ukeTes Sedegze.
4) kiTxvaze, iqonia Tu ara gavlena gakveTilze
gamoyenebulma diferencirebulma midgomam moswav-
leebze, romlebsac swavlebis sxvadasxva done aqvT?
maswavlebelTa 84% fiqrobs, rom moswavleebs, ro-
melebsac swavlebis sxvadasxva done aqvT, diferen-
cirebuli midgomiT swavlebisas ar uwevT nerviulo-
ba iseT davalebebze, romlebic maT SesaZleblobebs
aRemateba. xolo 16% fiqrobs, rom nawilobriv iqo-
nia gavlena.
5) kiTxvaze, Tqveni azriT, unda moaxdinos Tu
ara maswavlebelma Sinaarsis komponentze diferen-
cireba (anu risi codna sWirdebaT bavSvebs an ro-
gor moipoveben informacias moswavleebi)? maswav-
leblebi fiqroben, rom mniSvnelovania Sinaarsis
komponentze diferencireba, radgan klasSi gansx-

281
vavebulia moswavleTa done da mniSvnelovania Sesa-
bamisi informaciis miwodeba.
6)kiTxvaze, ramdenad miaRwies moswavleebma ge-
gmiT gansazRvrul mizans diferencirebuli mid-
gomiT? maswavlebelTa 76%-ma daafiqsira, rom mi-
aRwies gegmiT gansazRvrul mizans, xolo 24%-ma
daafiqsira, rom miaRwia saSualod. rac Seexeba pa-
suxs `ver miRwia~ _ ar dafiqsirebula.
7) kiTxvaze, gyavT Tu ara klasSi sssm moswavle?
maswavlebelTa 40%-ma daafiqsira, rom hyavT klasSi
sssm moswavle da 60%-ma _ ara.
8) kiTxvaze, Tqveni azriT, ramdenad mniSvnelo-
vania gakveTilis Catareba diferencirebuli mid-
gomiT? maswavlebelTa umetesi nawili fiqrobs, rom
diferencirebuli midgomiT gakveTilis Catareba
aucilebelia. isini fiqroben, rom gakveTili unda
iyos saxaliso da yvelasTvis Tavisi donis Sesabami-
si da ara mosawyeni.
mocemuli kvlevis Sedegad SesaZloa iTqvas,
rom saswavlo procesSi maswavleblebi aqtiurad
iyeneben diferencirebul midgomas, sadac isini iT-
valiswineben TiToeuli moswavlis SesaZleblobebs
da damokidebulebas, radgan swavlis procesSi yve-
las gansxvavebuli done aqvs. mniSvnelovania, aseve,
imis aRniSvna, rom kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, dif-
erencirebuli midgomiT moswavleebma miaRwies ge-
gmiT gansazRvrul mizans. swored esaa dRevandeli
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mizanic, rom swavleba
unda iyos moswavlesa da Sedegze orientirebuli.
sabakalvro naSromze muSaobisas am tipis kv-
levebs mudmivad atareben bakalavrebi sauniver-

282
siteto kurikulumis farglebSi, Tumca axali sa-
bakalavro-samagistro programa iZleva saSualebas
studentebma mentori maswavleblis da praqtikis xe-
lmZRvanelis daxmarebiT, praqtikis kvlevis Seswav-
lis Sedegad, Caataron Rirebuli dakvirveba sakla-
so da saskolo movlenebze da kvlevis Catarebis
Semdeg dagegmon intervencia.
rac Seexeba samagistro naSromis farglebSi
kvlevas araqarTulenovan moswavleTa akademiuri
CarTulobis Sesaxeb saswavlo procesSi magistri
qeTevan JorJoliani Catarebuli kvlevisa da arse-
buli literaturis mimoxilvis safuZvelze mivida
davaskvnamde, rom eTnikuri umciresobebis warmo-
madgeneli moswavleebi marTlac dganan garkveu-
li gamowvevebis winaSe, romelic SeiZleba ar iyos
problematuri maTi qarTulenovani Tanatolebis
SemTxvevaSi.
literaturis analizis Semdeg magistrma
Caatara araqarTulenovan moswavleTa akademiuri
CarTulobis kvleva. kvlevis mizans warmoadgen-
da araqarTulenovan moswavleTa akademiuri sir-
Tuleebis gamokveTa saSualo safexurze da igive
mimarTebis dadgena umaRles safexurze. kvlevis
farglebSi gamovyaviT ori miznobrivi jgufi _ (1)
skola da (2) umaRlesi saswavlebeli. amjerad war-
mogidgenT skolebSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs,
romlebze dayrdnobiTac Cven vikvlieT umaRlesi
saswavleblebis araqarTulenovani studentebis saW-
iroebebic.
sakvlev sakiTxs warmoadgenda moswavleTa aka-
demiuri CarTuloba saswavlo procesSi ninowmin-

283
dis N1 sajaro skolis (somxurenovani) da kirxilos
sajaro skolis (azerbaijanulenovani) magaliTze.
samcxe-javaxeTSi, qalaq ninowmindis N1 sajaro
skolaSi iricxeba 303 moswavle da 46 maswavlebeli.
kvlevis mizani iyo akademiur CarTulobasTan dakav-
Sirebuli sirTuleebis gamokveTa.
procesis aRwera: pirvel etapze gamoviyeneT
kvlevis Tvisebrivi meTodi: fokus jgufi, ramac
saSualeba mogvca raodenobrivi kvlevisTvis kiTx-
vebis sworad formulireba mogvexdina. fokus jgu-
fis mimdinareobisas monawileobas iRebda somexi
erovnebis, saSualo safexuris 10 moswavle. fokus
jgufis warmarTvisas orive skolis SemTxvevaSi Zir-
iTad sirTules enobrivi barieri warmoadgenda. Ta-
vdapirvelad, swored susti enobrivi kompetenciis
mizeziT eridebodnen pasuxis vrclad Camoyalibe-
bas, Tumca damazustebeli SekiTxvebis meSveobiT
moxerxda ZiriTadi azris gageba konkretul sakiTx-
ebTan dakavSirebiT.
saswavlo procesSi arsebul ZiriTad sirTuled
moswavleebi qarTuli enis arasaTanado codnas
da weriTi davalebebis Sesrulebas miiCneven. maTi
TqmiT, maswavleblebi kiTxva-pasuxis meTodiTa da
saintereso SejibrebebiT, TamaSebiT cdiloben mos-
wavleTa gaaqtiurebas sagakveTilo procesSi. Tavis
mxriv, moswavleebi Tvlian, rom isini meti xalisiT
CaerTvebian saswavlo procesSi ufro Tanamedrove
da saWiroebebze morgebuli fizikuri garemos arse-
bobis SemTxvevaSi. mecnierebs miaCniaT, rom codnis
sul mcire 60%-s bavSvi agrovebs im gamocdilebis
safuZvelze, romelsac is vizualurad da SexebiT

284
Rebulobs. swored amitom mniSvnelovania garemo,
romelSic moswavles uxdeba axali codnisa da ga-
mocdilebis SeZena. erT-erTi maTgani ambobs: `mag-
aliTad, qimiis, fizikis Tanamedrove kabinetebi,
rom iyos, ufro saintereso da gasagebi iqneboda ga-
kveTilebi CemTvis".
fokus jgufis monawile moswavleTa umetesoba
aRniSnavs, rom xSirad ar stumroben biblioTekas,
radgan cota wignia da isic Zveli, xSirad maTTvis
saintereso wignebi ar aRmoCnda arsebul mediaTeka-
Si. skolaSi arsebuli swavlebis doniT ZiriTadad
kmayofilebas gamoTqvamen; erTaderTi resursi, rac
maT xeliSemSlel faqtorad daasaxeles, iyo uin-
tereso saxelmZRvaneloebi.
efeqturi saswavlo garemos Seqmna rogorc kom-
fortuli fizikuri garemos, aseve usafrTxo emoci-
uri atmosferos Seqmnas gulisxmobs. maswavleblis
mxridan pozitiuri damokidebulebis demonstrireba
kidev erTi niSvnelovani faqtoria usafrTxo gare-
mos Sesaqmnelad. moswavleebi erTxmad aRniSnavdnen
maswavleblebis mxridan pozitiur damokidebulebas.
erT-erTi maTgani ambobs: `yvelani kargi adamianebi
arian, yvela maswavlebelTan maqvs kargi urTierTo-
ba. me isini Zalian miyvars~.
raodenobrivi meTodis farglebSi gamoikiTxa
ninowmindis N1 sajaro skolis saSualo safexuris
40 moswavle. gamokiTxulTagan 25 gogo da 15 biWia.
moswavleTa 82%-isaTvis misaRebia saswavlo gare-
mo skolaSi, xolo 18%-Tvis _ miuRebeli. maTi 52%
kmayofilia skolaSi arsebuli swavlis doniT, 48%
ukmayofiloa.

285
 moswavleTa 40% miiCnevs, rom maswavlebeli iS-
viaTad iTvaliswinebs maT Sexedulebebs, 37% araso-
des, 23% _ yovelTvis.
maswavleblisTvis daxmarebis TxovniT iSvia-
Tad miumarTavs moswavleTa 42%-s, 30%-s arasodes,
xolo ar axsendeba msgavis SemTxveva 10 %.
moswavleTa 40%-isaTvis weriTi davalebebis
Sesruleba warmoadgens yvelaze did problemas.
27%-isTvis momzadebuli masalis zepiri gadmocema,
11%-isTvis mosmenili masalis gaazreba, 10%-isTvis
masalis aTviseba, 7%-isTvis prezentaciebis momza-
deba, 5%-isTvis literaturis gageba.
moswavleTa 30 % miiCnevs, rom Tanaklaseleb-
ze ufro naklebadaa CarTuli saswavlo procesSi
da amis mizezad 75% TanaklaselebTan urTierTo-
bis bariers asaxelebs, xolo 25% _ maswavleblebTan
urTierTobis bariers.
damoukideblad internetis saSualebiT infor-
maciis moZiebas gamokiTxulTa 75% axerxebs, ver ax-
erxebs _ 10%, uWirs _ 15%.
akademiuri barierebis advilad daZlevis molo-
dini aqvs moswavleTa 45%-s, xolo barierebis da-
Zleva sirTuled eCveneba 55%-s.
meore samizne skola mdebareobs marneulis mu-
nicipalitetis sofel kirixloSi. skolas hyavs 164
moswavle da 21 maswavlebeli.
fokus jgufis mimdinareobisas gamoikveTa ram-
denime saintereso faqti. saswavlo procesSi arse-
bul ZiriTad sirTuled moswavleebi qarTuli enis
arasaTanado codnas da naswavli masalis zepirad
gadmocemas miiCneven. saswavlo procesSi moswav-

286
leTa aqtiurad CarTvas maswavlebeli cdilobs eq-
skursiebiT, prezentaciis, jgufuri muSaobisa da
saklaso diskusiis meTodis gamoyenebiT. moswavlee-
bi Tvlian, rom sagakveTilo procesSi kompiuteris
da internetis ufro xSiri gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
meti xalisiT CaerTvebian saswavlo procesSi. erT-
eri maTgani ambobs: `minda ufro xSirad gamoviyenoT
interneti da kompiuteri gakveTilze, vfiqrob, ase
ufro saxaliso iqneba~.
fokus jgufis monawile moswavleTa umeteso-
ba aRniSnavs, rom arasdros stumroben biblioTekas,
radgan Tu sasurveli informaciis moZiebas inter-
netis saSualebiT axerxeben. moswavleebma erTxmad
aRniSnes maswavlebelTa pozitiuri damokidebule-
ba da skolaSi arsebuli swavlebis doniT kmayo-
filebas gamoTqvamen, maT ver daasaxeles raime xe-
lisSemSleli faqtori, rac SeiZleba Semaferxebld
CaiTvalos saswavlo procesis ukeT warmarTvaSi.
raodenobrivi meTodis farglebSi gamoikiTxa
kirixlos sajaro skolis saSualo safexuris 40
moswavle. gamokiTxulTagan 29 gogo da 11 biWia.
somxurenovani sajaro skolis monacemebisgan
gansxvavebiT, azerbaijanulenovan skolaSi arsebu-
li akademiuri saswavlo garemo misaRebia gamokiTx-
ul moswavleTa 100%-isaTvis da moswavleTa igive
raodenoba aris kmayofili skolaSi arsebuli swav-
lis doniT. moswavleTa 92,5% xSirad mimarTavs mas-
wavlebels daxmarebis TxovniT, xolo 7,5% iSviaTad
iyenebs maswavleblis daxmarebas swavlis procesSi.
moswavleTa 87,5%-is azriT maswavleblebi yovelT-
vis iTvaliswineben maT Sexedulebebs swavlis pro-

287
cesSi, 12,5% Tvlis, rom maswavleblebi iSviaTad iT-
valiswineben maT mosazrebebs.
moswavleTa umetesoba _ 40% procenti yvelaze
xSirad CarTulia jgufur muSaobaSi, 32,5% _ prez-
entaciis momzadebaSi, yvela aqtivobaSi 17,5%,
saklaso diskusiaSi _ 5% da igive maCvenebelia im
moswavleebis SemTxvevaSic vinc arcerT aqtivobaSi
ar iRebs monawileobas. dasaxelebuli aqtivobebidan
moswavleTa 52,5%-isaTvis yvelaze did sirTules
momzadebuli masalis zepiri gadmocema warmoadgens,
30%-isTvis mosmenili masalis gaazreba, masalis aT-
viseba _ 7,5%-isTvis da igive procentuli maCvene-
beli modis prezentaciis momzadebaze, literatur-
is gageba sirTules warmoadgens 2,5%-isaTvis. arc
erTi gamokiTxuli moswavlisaTvis ar warmoadgens
sirTules weriTi davalebebis Sesruleba.
gamokiTxuli moswavleebis 100 % miiCnevs, rom
is isevea CarTuli saswavlo procesSi, rogorc misi
Tanaklaseli. CarTulobis done saswavlo proces-
Si swavlis dawyebidan gaizarda moswavleTa 90% -is
TqmiT, xolo Semcirda 10%-isTvis.moswavleTa 87,5%
axerxebs informaciis damoukideblad moZiebas, 7,5%
ver axerxebs, xolo uWirs _ 5%-s.
yvela gamokiTxuli moswavle Tvlis, rom ad-
vilad daZlevadia mosalodneli akademiuri bari-
erebi universitetSi saxelmwifo enis ukeT codnis
SemTxvevaSi.
kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebiT gamoikve-
Ta, rom saswavlo aqtivobebi, romelic sauniversi-
teto swavlebisas unda ganaxorcielon studenteb-
ma da maswavleblebma, SeiZleba iyos imaze rTuli,

288
vidre moswavleebs es warmoudgeniaT, radganac sau-
niversiteto swavleba fundamenturi mecnierebebis
qarTul da ucxour enebze swavlazea orientirebu-
li. amitomac, roca swavlebis sakiTxebSi meToduri
problemebi wamoiWreba, vTanxmdebiT midgomaze, rom
meTodebi mudmivad icvleba da erTi cxadia, ar arse-
bobs yvelasTvis universaluri meTodi, mTavari aris
Semswavlelze orientireba da, aqedan gamomdinare,
swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodis Tu maTi calkeuli
elementebis modificireba, Serwyma. ufro da ufro
aqtualuri xdeba Semswavlelis avtonomiurobis
gaRrmaveba, kognicia da SemoqmedebiTi swavleba, ax-
ali mediebis gamoyeneba swavlebis procesSi, qmede-
baze orientireba ise, rom Semswavlelma marTlac
Tavisuflad SeZlos ucxoenovan garemoSi enobrivi
`qmedeba~ da ar Semoifarglos gakveTilze realuri
situaciis simulaciiT [kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe, 2013:
gv. 4]. aseTi midgoma araqarTulenovan moswavleTa
swavlebisadmi gazrdis aqtiurobas da, Sesabamisad,
maTi CarTulobac saswavlo procesSi iqneba Sede-
giani.
rogorc vxedavT, praqtikis kvlevis swavleba
sabakalavro-samagistro programaSi mniSvnelovan
gamowvevebTanaa dakavSirebuli, radganac is gansa-
kuTrebuli tipis kvlevaa, romelic moqmedebebiT,
refleqsiiT da kritikiT savse mogzaurobas Seedre-
ba (luis holi, joan m. arhari, vendi s. kasteni).
praqtikis kvlevis swavleba xels Seuwyobs iseTi
kadrebis momzadebas maswavleblis profesiaSi Ses-
asvlelad, romlebsac Teoriul codnasTan erTad,
eqnebaT warCinebuli maswavleblis praqtikuli un-

289
arebi, SeeZlebaT SeimuSaon profesiuli ganviTare-
bis individualuri gegma uwyveti profesiuli gan-
viTarebisTvis.

literatura:

1. liparteliani, 2018: d. liparteliani., samoqme-

do kvlevis saxelmZRvanelo, wigni I, Tb., 2018.
2. liparteliani da sxv., 2018: d. liparteliani,
T. mosiaSvili, s. janaSia, samoqmedo kvlevis
saxelmZRvanelo, wigni II, Tb., 2018.
3. inasariZe da sxv., 2016: m. inasariZe, s.lobJa-
niZe, m. ratiani, i. samsonia, saqmianobis dawyebis
profesiuli ganviTarebis da karieruli winsv-
lis sqemis gzamklevi, nawili II, Tb., 2016.
4. jinjixaZe, 2016: j. jinjixaZe, pedagogikuri
kvleva, Tb.,2016.
5. perkinsi, 2007: d. perkinsi, gonivruli skole-
bi, Tb., 2007.
6. milsi., 2007: j. milsi, samoqmedo kvleva, Tb.,
2007.
7.Turabiani, 2009: q. l. turabiani, da u. buTi,
saxelmZRvanelo kvlevebis, Tezisebisa da dis-
ertaciebis avtorTaTvis: Cikagos stili stu-
dentebisa da mkvlevarebisaTvis, Cikago, Cikagos
universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2009
8. kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe, 2013: T. kiRuraZe, ekat-
erine quTaTelaZe, qarTulis, rogorc ucxo
enis,swavlebis meTodika, Tb.,2013

290
9. kvleva da politikis dokumentebi., 2017: eT-
nikuri umciresobebis warmomadgeneli moswav-
leebis saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi (kvleva da
politikis dokumentebi), redaqtorebi: T. mosi-
aSvili, s. gorgoZe, s.janaSia, Tb., 2017
10. International Institute for Education Policy, Planning
and Management. Education Acess and Equity in the
Caucasus Region. Georgia, 2011
11. Krause, Kerry-Lee. Understanding and promoting stu-
dent engagement in university learning communities.
(Queensland. James Cook University. 2005)
12. Kuh, George. The national survey of student engage-
ment: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations. (Bloom-
ington. India University. 2005)
13. Pike, Gary and Kuh, George. A Typology of Student
Engagement for American Colleges and Universities.
(Kluver Academic Publishing. 2005)

291
 Tavi VI

swavla-swavlebis problemuri sakiTxebi

inkluziur ganaTlebaSi

6.1 meTodikur saganTa swavlebis specifika

inkluziuri ganaTlebis sabakalavro
programaSi

Tanamedrove tolerantuli Rirebulebebisa da

kulturis ganuyofel nawilad yofna niSnavs yve-
la bavSvisTvis swavlisa da ganviTarebis Tanabari
SesaZleblobebis micemas. inkluziuri ganaTlebis
principebia: yvela bavSvs unda hqondes swavlisa da
ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba. bavSvebi yvelaze ukeT
aRiqvamen, Seiswavlian da imaxsovreben maSin, rode-
sac TanatolebTan erTad arian CarTuli saswav-
lo-saaRmzrdelo procesSi. ganviTarebis progresi
damokidebulia bavSvis Zlieri mxareebis gamoyeneba-
ze da ara aRqmuli deficitebis xazgasmaze. bavSvebs
aqvT ufleba, CaerTon sazogadoebis da qveynis
Cveul cxovrebaSi [makleinis asociacia bavSvebisT-
vis - inkluziuri ganaTleba, 2014: gv. 5].
inkluziuri ganaTleba gulisxmobs specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis CarT-
vas zogadsaganmanaTleblo procesSi TanatolebTan
erTad, risTvisac saWiroa momavalma specialistma
icodes sssm moswavlis yvela saganmanaTleblo saW-
iroeba da misi dakmayofilebis gzebi, maTi moswav-
lis interesebsa da individualur SesaZleblobebze
morgeba, agreTve, yvela damatebiTi aqtivoba, rome-

292
lic aucilebelia erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaT-
valiswinebuli miznebis misaRwevad.
inkluziuri ganaTlebis ganviTareba rTuli,
mravalmxrivi procesia, romelic samecniero da me-
Todologiuri resursebis garda socialuri da ad-
ministraciuli resursebis CarTvas da ganaTlebis
Tanamedrove sistemis Zireul gardaqmnas gulisx-
mobs. inkluziuri ganaTleba qarTuli ganaTlebis
politikis mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa. soxumis saxel-
mwifo universitetSi 2012 wlidan moqmedebs inklu-
ziuri ganaTlebis akreditebuli sabakalavro pro-
grama, sadac didi adgili eTmoba pedagogikisa da
fsiqologiis kursebs, dargobrivi codnis SeZenisT-
vis aucilebel saganTa erTobliobas, saerTo sa-
ganmanaTleblo kursebs, pedagogiur praqtikasa
da sakvalifikacio naSroms. sabakalavro programa
momaval specialistebs Seaswavlis inkluziuri ga-
naTlebis ZiriTad miznebsa da prioritetebs, im
axal gamowvevebs, rac am sferoSi gamoikveTa da rac
aucileblad unda icodes momavalma specialist-
ma, roca am mimarTulebiT profesiul ganviTare-
bas gadawyvets. inkluziuri ganaTlebis momavalma
specialstma kargad unda gaiazros saxelmwifosa
da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba specialuri sa-
ganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa swav-
la-swavlebisadmi.
meTodikuri sagnis swavleba xels uwyobs ganavi-
Taros sabakalavro programiT dasaxuli miznebi da
momaval specialists misces saerTaSoriso standar-
tebis Sesabamisi codna adgilobrivi moTxovnebisa
da saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ssu-Si moqmedi in-

293
kluziuri ganaTlebis sabakalavro programa emsax-
ureba iseTi specialistebis momzadebas, romlebic
uzrunvelyofen erTian saswavlo Sedegs yvela mos-
wavlisTvis da xels uwyoben ganaTlebis xelmisaw-
vdomobas yvela bavSvisTvis.
Cveni kvleva Seexeba inkluziuri ganaTlebis sa-
bakalavro programaSi arsebul, metyvelebis ganvi-
Tarebis meTodikis saswavlo kursis mier studen-
tebisTvis, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi,
saskolo sivrceSi gansaxorcielebeli meTodikuri
codnis ganzogadebisa da praqtikaSi gamoyenebisT-
vis xelmisawvdomi aqtivobebis swavlebis specifi-
kur Taviseburebebs. winamdebare naSromi samoqmedo
kvlevaSi efuZneba Cvens 5-wlian gamocdilebas sa-
bakalavro programis studentebisaTvis metyvelebis
ganviTarebis meTodikis swavlebaSi. kvlevam gviCve-
na, rom studentebs SeuZliaT miRebuli Teoriuli
codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da programiT gaTval-
iswinebul dasaqmebis sferoebSi warmatebuli moR-
vaweoba.
msoflioSi ganviTarebuli midgomebi inklu-
ziuri ganaTlebis swavla-swavlebis sxvadasxva
meTodebisadmi qarTul realobaSi asaxvas povebs sx-
vadasxva gzamkvlevebsa da meTodikur literaturaSi,
romelic dReisTvis mravlad mogvepoveba, rogorc
Targmnili, ise Cveni erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da
sakanonmdeblo regulaciebiT dadasturebuli. es
ki saSualebas gvaZlevs profesiuli TvalsazrisiT
ganvaviTaroT inkluziuri ganaTlebis momavali spe-
cialisti. britaneTis sabWos mrCevelma maswavle-
belTa profesiuli ganviTarebaSi, fil deqsterma

294
gansazRvra 10 midgoma inkluziuri praqtikisad-
mi, romelic saintereso meTodikur orientirebs
usaxavs momaval specialistebs, igi efuZneba Tanas-
worobasa da xarisxs swavla-swavlebaSi da aseTi
TanmimdevrobiT Camoyalibda: mkafiod gansazRvru-
li saswavlo Sedegebi; daiwyeT kavSiriT masze, rac
ukve cnobilia; Scaffold swavleba; ganasxvaveT; xelmi-
sawvdomoba winaswar dagegmilia; aRkveTeT xmauri;
aRniSneT mravalferovneba; swavlebis Sefasebebi;
uzrunvelyaviT saTanado sivrce; multi-sensoru-
li da multi-modaluri midgomebi [deqsteri, 2016].
meTodebi, romlebic inkluziuri swavlebisas ga-
moiyeneba, efuZneba demokratiul azrovnebasa da
gajerebulia momavlis imediT. inkluziis amosava-
li principi efuZneba ara kanonmdeblobas, regu-
laciebs an swavlebis meTodikas, aramed Rirebule-
bebs: rogori xalxi varT da rogori sazogadoebis
Camoyalibebas visurvebdiT? rogor Rirebulebebs
vcemT pativs? rogorc inkluziuri klasis maswav-
leblisgan, Tqvengan moelian, SeqmnaT iseTi sagan-
manaTleblo programa, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli
iqneba yvela moswavlis SesaZleblobebi, maT Soris
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebisac
[glanci, 2016: gv.76].
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavleebTan erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ganxor-
cieleba pedagogis diferencirebuli midgomiTaa
SesaZlebeli. miuxedavad moswavleTa gansxvavebu-
lobisa, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis miznebze ori-
entireba yvela maTganisTvis mniSvnelovania. aR-
niSnul dokumentSi warmodgenili miznebi faseuli

295
da aqtualuria yvela mozardisTvis, miuxedavad
maTi ganviTarebis donisa da swavlis Tavisebure-
bisa. dauSvebelia vifiqroT, rom erovnuli saswav-
lo gegmis mixedviT saswavlo procesis dagegmva
gamiznulia mxolod maRali da saSualo moswrebis
moswavleebisTvis da Seusabamoa specialuri sagan-
manaTleblo saWiroebis mqone pirisTvis, radgan,
erTi SexedviT, saswavlo miznebi maTTvis SeiZleba
dauZleveli mogveCvenos. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT saswavlo procesis warmarTva Tanabrad
mniSvnelovania TiToeuli moswavlisTvis, SeuZle-
belia da, amave dros, gaumarTlebelic, saswavlo
procesi yvela maTganisTvis identuri iyos. imis-
aTvis, rom specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe-
bis mqone moswavlem erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Se-
degebs miaRwios (Tundac nawilobriv), aucilebelia
saswavlo procesi daigegmos moswavlis Tavisebu-
rebis gaTvliswinebiT da misTvis individualurad
ganisazRvros misaRwevi saswavlo Sedegebi [bagra-
tioni-gruzinski, 2014: gv. 16]. rogorc maswavleb-
lis gzamkvlevi migviTiTebs, moswavlisTvis saswav-
lo gegmis Sedgenisas da misTvis diferencirebuli
saswavlo garemos dagegmvisas, maswavlebelma da
profesionalTa gundma, rasakvirvelia, moswavlis
interesebi, SesaZleblobebi, gamocdileba, miRwevis
done, Zlieri da susti mxareebi unda gaiTvalis-
winos. pedagogma unda ifiqros diferencirebis Sem-
deg SesaZleblobebze: Sinaarsi, done, misawvdomoba,
struqtura, Tanmimdevroba, tempi, pasuxi, person-
alis dro, swavlebis stili, dajgufeba [inkluziuri
ganaTleba, gzamkvlevi, 2011: gv. 25].

296
 metyvelebis ganviTarebis meTodikis farglebSi
momaval maswavleblebs vaswavliT, ra da rogor unda
aswavlon moswavleebs, rogor Seavson individualu-
ri saswavlo gegma, an rogor moaxdinon pedagogiu-
ri Sefaseba; vaCvenebT rogori unda iyos adaptire-
buli gakveTili, rom specialuri saganmanaTlebo
saWiroebis mqone moswavleebma SeZlon gakveTilis
procesSi CarTva. inkluziuri ganaTlebis sabakala-
vro programaSi aris saswavlo kursi, romelic gan-
viTarebis darRvevebs Seiswavlis. Seiswavlis, Tu ra
TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba TiToeuli ganviTarebis
darRveva, maT Soris metyvelebis ganviTarebisa, es
iqneba disleqsia, disgrafia, dikalkulia, gonebrivi
CamorCena, autisturi speqtri, cerebraluri damb-
la, fizikuri, fsiqologiuri problemebi Tu sxva.
specialuri saganmanaTlebo saWiroebis mqone mos-
wavle SeiZleba iyos nebismieri mozardi, romelsac
saswavlo procesSi garkveuli sirTuleebi eqmneba.
am kategoriaSi Sedian eTnikuri umciresobebi, Sez-
Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebi. nakle-
bad gvxvdeba problemebi religiuri mikuTvnilobis
TvalsazrisiT.
sagnis swavlebis procesSi viTvaliswinebT cno-
bil mecnierTa daskvnebs metyvelebis ganviTarebis
konkretuli darRvevebiT gamowveul Sedegebsa da am
tipis moswavleTa saswavlo procesSi CarTulobiT,
sxvadasxva tipis aqtivobebiT arsebuli problemis
intervenciaze. rogorc dadgenilia: metyvelebis
darRvevebis mqone bavSvebs aqvT socialur-emociu-
ri da qceviTi problemebi an maTi aRmocenebis didi
riski. literaturaSi cnobilia socialur-emociuri

297
da qceviTi problemebis farTo wre _ socialuri
urTierTobebis Camoyalibebisa da SenarCunebis sir-
Tule, maRali SfoTva, yuradRebis deficiti, anti-
socialuri, agresiuli qceva, urCoba. aseTi prob-
lemebi xSiria bavSvebSi, visac metyvelebis zogadi
darRvevebi da gagebis darRveva aqvT, eqspresiuli
metyvelebis darRvevis mqone bavSvebTan SedarebiT.
SfoTva, yuradRebis da socialuri urTierTobebis
problemebi izrdeba metyvelebis specifikuri dar-
Rvevis mqone bavSvis asakis matebasTan erTad. Se-
fasebisa da intervenciis midgomebi ufro farTo
speqtris da moqnili unda iyos, raTa moicavdes in-
teleqtualur, socialur-emociur da qceviT prob-
lemebs da ar unda iyos fokusirebuli viwrod me-
tyvelebis darRvevebze [gagoSiZe, 2007: gv. 100-102].
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavles, romlis problemebic SesaZloa ga-
mowveuli iyos garemo, socialuri an individual-
uri (pirovnuli) faqtorebiT, SeiZleba dasWirdes
specialuri maswavleblis mxardaWera. metyvelebis
ganviTarebis meTodikis mizania metyvelebis, qcev-
isa da emociuri ganviTarebis darRvevis mqone da
erovnuli, religiuri an lingvisturi umcireso-
bis gamo Seqmnili saswavlo sirTuleebis daZlevis,
swavlebisa da metyvelebis ganviTarebis meTod-
ologiebis, swavlebis strategiebisa da daxmare-
bis teqnologiebis Seswavla; momavali specialu-
ri maswavleblisaTvis sabazo akademiuri unarebis
ganviTarebis (wera, kiTxva da angariSi) meTodol-
ogiebis da strategiebis swavleba. SezRuduli Sesa-
Zleblobis mqone bavSvebis did nawils komunikaciis

298
problema axasiaTebs. saintereso da mravalmxrivad
sayuradRebo kvlevebisa da Sexedulebebis analizis
safuZvelze studentma unda iswavlos metyvelebis
enis TerapevtTan erTad muSaoba moswavleTa sako-
munikacio unar-Cvevebze.
pedagogiur praqtikaSi xSirad vxvdebiT bav-
Svebs, romelTac sxvadasxva saxis metyvelebis dar-
Rvevebi aqvT. aRniSnuli darRvevebi Zalze mraval-
ferovania da maT gansxvavebuli buneba da mizezebi
aqvT. darRvevebi SeiZleba aRmocendes metyvelebis
fonologiur, gramatikul, semantikur da prag-
matul doneebze. Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi dar-
Rveulia garemosTan enis saSualebiT komunikacia.
metyvelebis darRvevebis mqone bavSvebi seriozul
sirTuleebs awydebian swavlis procesSi. verbaluri
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis CamorCena xSirad iwvevs
sirTuleebs kiTxvis, weris da angariSis daufleba-
Si. aseve, xSiria qcevis Tanmxlebi problemebi. Se-
sabamisad, aucilebelia metyvelebis ganviTarebis
darRvevebis an Seferxebis Taviseburebebis codna,
raTa droulad SevZloT bavSvis metyvelebis prob-
lemebis identifikacia da metyvelebis ganviTarebis
Sesabamisi strategiebis dasaxva. metyvelebis ganvi-
Tarebis darRvevebis mqone bavSvebis swavleba gan-
sakuTrebul, individualur midgomebsa da strate-
giebs moiTxovs [inkluziuri ganaTleba, gzamkvlevi,
2011: gv. 66-69].
momavalma specialistebma ician, rom, Cveule-
briv, swavlebis procesSi maswavlebeli orientire-
bulia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi pro-
gramis yvela Sedegze da maT misaRwevad mocemuli

299
klasisTvis da sagnobrivi programisTvis SerCeuli
Sesabamisi grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloTi _ mas-
wavleblisa da moswavlis wignebiT xelmZRvanelobs.
Tu pedagogi maswavleblis wigniT swavlebisas iT-
valiswinebs mocemul saswavlo instruqciebsa da
aqtivobebs, uciloblad standartiT gansazRvrul
Sedegebze iqneba orientirebuli. saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa swavleba ki (Tu isi-
ni saswavlo Sedegebis individualurad gansazRvras
saWiroeben) SeuZlebelia mizanmimarTuli dagegmvis
gareSe. maswavlebelma saswavlo Sedegebi konkretu-
li moswavlisTvis (Tavad an specialistis daxmare-
biT) individualurad unda gansazRvros: Tavadve
SearCios saswavlo aqtivobebi, saswavlo strate-
giebi, risTvisac maswavleblis wigni, iq mocemu-
li instruqciebiT, sakmarisi veRar iqneba [bagra-
tioni-gruzinski, 2014: gv. 21].
cnobilia, rom erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
miznebis miRweva saWiroebs mravalferovan aq-
tivobebs, xolo sxvadasxva saWiroebis mqone moswav-
leTaTvis maswavleblebis mxridan mniSvnelovania
specifiuri saswavlo strategiebis da meTodebis
gamoyeneba. imisTvis, rom yvela moswavlem, miuxeda-
vad saWiroebisa, miaRwios warmatebas, mniSnelovania
universaluri dizainis principebze Seqmnili saswav-
lo garemo, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe-
bis da skolis miRma myofi bavSvebisTvis saWiroa
saswavlo garemos adaptireba, magaliTad, Tvalsa-
Cino masalebi, gamartivebuli instruqciebi, kav-
Siris damyareba yofiT movlenebTan da sagnebTan,
damxmare saSualebebi da sxva; garda amisa, swavlis

300
sirTulis mqone moswavle ukeTesad aRwevs Sedegebs
gamocdilebiT swavlis safuZvelze, konstruqtiv-
istuli midgomiT, keTebiT swavlis da pragmatuli
swavlis principebiT dagegmili aqtivobebiT [meli-
qiZe da sxv., 2017: gv. 7]. siaxleebis gaTvaliswine-
ba da specialuri aqtivobebiT saklaso situaciebSi
adaptireba maswavleblis myari Teoriuli codniTa
da saqmisadmi maRali pasuxismgeblobiT unda mox-
des.
metyvelebis ganviTarebis meTodikis saswavlo
kursi, Teoriul masalasTan erTad, agebulia same-
tyvelo problemebis intervenciis da moswavle-
Ta inteleqtualuri ganviTarebisTvis saWiro aq-
tivobebis praqtikuli swavlebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
momavali specialistebi saskolo praqtikis gavlisas
aqtiurad iyeneben sxvadasxva meTodikur aqtivobebs,
akvirdebian sssm moswavleebs, gaiazreben sxvadasxva
meTodis efeqturobas da multidisciplinur jguf-
Tan da sagnis xelmZRvanelTan erTad ganixilaven
calkeul SemTxvevebs. unda iTqvas, rom programis
arsebobis manZilze am specialobis yvela kursdam-
Tavrebuli aris dasaqmebuli da aqtiuri kontaqti
aqvT universitetTan, isini xSirad uziareben stu-
dentebsa da profesorebs im gamocdilebas, rac maT
skolebsa da sxvadasxva centrebSi miiRes.

301
 literatura:

1. glanci, 2016: j. glanci, swavleba 101, saklaso

strategiebi damwyebi maswavleblisaTvis, Tb.,
2016.
2. inkluziuri ganaTleba, 2011: inkluziuri ganaT-
leba, gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, erovnu-
li saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris ga-
mocema, Tb., 2011.
3. bagrationi-gruzinski da sxv. 2014: m. bagra-
tioni-gruzinski,m. zaqareiSvili, q. filauri, J.
kvaWaZe, individualuri saswavlo gegma, gzamkv-
levi maswavleblebisTvis, Tb., 2014.
4. gagoSiZe 2007: T. gagoSiZe, bavSvis fsiqikuri
ganviTarebis darRvevebi, Tb., 2007.
5. deqsteri 2016: fil deqsteri, 10 midgoma in-
kluziuri swavlebisadmi, inkluzia da spe-
cialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi saqa-
rTveloSi, Tb., saqarTvelo, 2016 wlis 12-13
marti, konferenciis masalebi, www.te–achingen-
glish.org.uk
6. meliqiZe da sxv, 2017: m. meliqiZe, m. bagra-
tioni-gruzinski, r. lorTqifaniZe, swavlebis
meTodebi inkluziur ganaTlebaSi, qarTuli ena
da literatura, gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisT-
vis, Tb., 2017; https://www.wvi.org/sites/–default/
files/Qartuli_Print_HQ_2mm_bleed.pdf
7. makleinis asociacia bavSvebisTvis 2014: mak-
leinis asociacia bavSvebisTvis _ inkluziu-
ri ganaTleba, 2014, https://ccy.ge/members/mak-
leinis-asociacia-bavshvebistvis/

302
 6.2 inkluziuri ganaTleba _ axali
xedva da axleburi midgomebi

swavlebis axali strategiebis danergva, pir-

vel rigSi, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavleTa qcevis marTvisas awydeba sirTu-
leebs da es araerTi mizeziTaa gamowveuli. umTavre-
sad, aRsaniSnavia is, rom inkluziuri ganaTlebis
sayovelTao aRiarebam problemebi Seuqmna zogadsa-
ganmanaTleblo skolebis maswavleblebs.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
bavSvTa ganaTleba 2004 wlidan saxelmwifos mier
prioritetul mimarTulebad aris aRiarebuli.
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis
saWiroebis moswavled iTvleba yvela bavSvi, rome-
lic SezRuduli SesaZleblobisaa, Tu socialurad
SeWirvebulia, an raime mizezis gamo gariyulia sko-
lidan. `bevri bavSvi ganicdis swavlasTan dakavSire-
bul sirTuleebs, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
moswavlis fizikuri, inteleqtualuri, socialu-
ri, emociuri, lingvisturi Tu sxva mdgomareobiT.
swavlis procesSi sirTuleebi SeiZleba SeeqmnaT ni-
Wier bavSvebsac, quCis da momuSave bavSvebs, eTniku-
ri, kulturuli umciresobis da sxva marginaluri
jgufis warmomadgenlebs. qveynis saganmanaTleblo
sistemis valdebulebaa, yvela bavSvisaTvis moZebnos
warmatebiT swavlebis gzebi~ [gzamkvlevi, 2011: gv.
5]. nebismieri bavSvi, romelsac sWirdeba special-
uri meTodologiuri midgoma, aris inkluziuri
ganaTlebis zrunvis sagani. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom
gansakuTrebiT niWieri moswavlec SeiZleba iyos

303
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone da
sWirdebodes gansakuTrebuli programa ganaTlebi-
saTvis.
arsebuli realobidan gamomdinare, saqarTve-
los kanonSi `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ inkluzi-
uri ganaTlebisTvis Sevida Semdegi saxis cvlileba:
termini inkluziuri (CarTuli) ganaTleba gamoiyene-
ba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi specialuri sa-
ganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa ganaT-
lebis (specialuri ganaTleba) procesis aRsawerad.
inkluziuri midgoma ganaTlebisadmi yvelasT-
vis gulisxmobs ganaTlebis sistemis pasuxismgeblo-
bas uzrunvelyos yvela baSvis ganaTleba, miuxeda-
vad misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa, fizikuri da
inteleqtualuri monacemebis da SesaZleblobebisa.
inkluziuri midgoma iswrafvis ganaviTaros aseTi
moswavleebis ganaTlebaze orientirebuli meTod-
ologia; cdilobs SeimuSaos ufro drekadi peda-
gogiuri midgomebi ganaTlebaSi sxvadasxva saWiroe-
bebis dakmayofilebis mizniT, ramdenadac yvela
bavSvi warmoadgens individums sxvadasxva saswavlo
moTxovnebiT.
amJamad, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs `inkluziu-
ri skolebi~. kanonisa da erovnuli saswavlo geg-
mis mixedviT, yvela skola valdebulia mzad iyos
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone mos-
wavleebis misaRebad. Tumca dResdReobiT saqarT-
veloSi arsebobs 15 specialuri profilis mqone
skola, romlebic 2006 wlamde iTvleboda special-
ur skolebad da ganaTleba maTSi xdeboda special-
uri, gansxvavebuli gegmis mixedviT, gamoiyeneboda

304
gansxvavebuli (adaptirebuli da gamartivebuli)
saxelmZRvaneloebi sssm moswavleebisaTvis. gansx-
vavebuli iyo im savaldebulo sagnebis CamonaTva-
li, romelsac specialur skolaSi aswavlidnen. 2006
wels yvela specialuri skola gadakeTda sajaro
skolad, Tumca yvela maTgani inarCunebs specialur
profils da emsaxureba sxvadasxva saxis specialu-
ri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebs.
garda amisa, saqarTveloSi aris specialuri profi-
lis mqone skola gansakuTrebiT niWieri bavSvebi-
saTvis. inkluziuri ganaTlebis midgomis Tanaxmad,
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavS-
vis zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolasa da mis saswav-
lo procesSi CarTva umTavresi prioritetia. mos-
wavleebi specializebul skolebsa da klasebSi unda
nawildebodnen gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi da rekomen-
debulia mxolod maSin, roca zogadsaganmanaTleb-
lo klasSi CarTuloba ver uzrunvelyofs bavSvis
saganmanaTleblo Tu socialur saWiroebebs an roca
es aucilebelia am bavSvis an sxva bavSvis keTildRe-
obisTvis [kvaWaZe, araviaSvili, 2009].
inkluziuri ganaTleba aris yvela bavSvisTvis.
misi mizania yvela CaerTos am tipis ganaTlebaSi Ta-
visi SesaZleblobisa da unarebis mixedviT. Tu adre
specialuri saWiroebis mqone moswavleTaTvis iqmne-
boda adaptirebuli da gamartivebuli programebi,
axali midgomebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos saqarTve-
los ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros gad-
awyvetilebiT, amJamad maT unda vaswavloT erovnuli
saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli programiT. Ses-
abamisad, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis

305
mqone moswavle, msgavsad sxva nebismieri moswavlisa,
swavlobs saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministros mier grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloe-
biT. specialistebi am movlenis mizanSewonilobas
Semdegnairad xsnian: pirvel yovlisa, sssm moswav-
leebi sargebloben igive saganmanaTleblo da sxva
uflebebiT, rac aqvs nebismier sxva moswavles; is
miznebi, romelsac ganaTlebis sistema isaxavs zoga-
dad nebismieri moswavlisaTvis da romelic asaxulia
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi, saerTo unda iyos sssm
moswavleebisTvisac. garda amisa, imdenad gansx-
vavebuli da mravalferovania sssm moswavleTa un-
arebi da SesaZleblobebi, SeuZlebelia arsebobdes
erTiani kurikulumi maTTvis Sesabamisad, am tipis
aRsazrdelebi sruliad sxvadasxvanairad Seasrule-
ben erTi da imave tipis davalebas. amitomac daisaxa
miznad erovnuli saswalo gegmis farglebSi difer-
encirebis SesaZleblobebi. `arsebuli Tanamedrove
midgomiT, erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT swavlebisas,
maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis in-
teresebi, misi individualuri SesaZleblobebi, unda
gauwios angariSi moswavleTa cxovrebiseul gamoc-
dilebas da moswavleTa swavlebisas erovnuli sas-
wavlo gegmidan maTTvis yvelaze aqtualur saswav-
lo miznebze unda gaakeTos aqcenti. maswavlebelma,
Tavisi moswavleebis saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
unda gaaanalizos maTi potencialis srulad real-
izebisTvis, damoukidebeli cxovrebis maqsimaluri
donis miRwevisTvis ra Sedegebis miRwevaa pirveladi
mniSvnelobis, Sesabamisad, ra unda iswavlebodes da
ra intensivobiT [WinWarauli da sxv., 2011: gv. 50].

306
 specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavleebTan erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ganxor-
cieleba pedagogis diferencirebuli midgomiTaa
SesaZlebeli. rogorc maswavleblis gzamkvlevi
migviTiTebs `,moswavlisTvis saswavlo gegmis Sed-
genisas da misTvis diferencirebuli saswavlo gare-
mos dagegmvisas, maswavlebelma da profesionalTa
gundma, rasakvirvelia, moswavlis interesebi, Sesa-
Zleblobebi, gamocdileba, miRwevis done, Zlieri da
susti mxareebi unda gaiTvaliswinos. pedagogma unda
ifiqros diferencirebis Semdeg SesaZleblobebze:
Sinaarsi, done, misawvdomoba, struqtura, Tanmim-
devroba tempi, pasuxi, personalis dro, swavlebis
stili, dajgufeba [gzamkvlevi, 2011: gv. 25].
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT swavlebis
ganxorcielebaSi sssm moswavleebTan erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani komponentia swavleba individualu-
ri saswavlo gegmis mixedviT. `individualuri sas-
wavlo gegma aris werilobiTi debuleba (dokumen-
ti) gansakuTrebuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone (da ara marto) pirTaTvis, romlis mixedvi-
Tac xorcieldeba maTi ganaTleba. dokumenti aRw-
ers saganmanaTleblo miznebs moswavleebisaTvis da
maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro aqtivobebs da re-
sursebs~ [inkluziuri ganaTleba, 2008: gv. 265]. indi-
vidualuri saswavlo gegma SeiZleba gansxvavebuli
iyos moswavlis safexuris Sesabamisi miznebisagan.
igi gulisxmobs swavlebis specifikur strategiebs.
es dokumenti asaxavs pedagogebis, skolis adminis-
traciis, mSoblis da Tavad moswavlis SeTanxmebas
specialuri saswavlo programis Taobaze da momsax-

307
urebaze, romlis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia aR-
niSnuli skolis farglebSi da arsebuli resursebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
individualuri saswavlo gegma exmareba peda-
gogs, gaakontrolos moswavlis miRwevebi. igi aris
saSualeba moswavlis Sesaxeb informaciis sxvadasx-
va pirebs Soris gaziarebisa. individualuri saswav-
lo gegmis ganaxleba xdeba regularulad, winaswar
daTqmul vadebSi da aRiwereba is cvlilebebi, rom-
lebic aucilebelia moswavlisTvis efeqturi ganaT-
lebis misaRebad. saswavlo gegmis ganaxleba moswav-
lis Sefasebis Sedegebis da misi saswavlo miRwevebis
safuZvelze xdeba [gzamkvlevi, 2011: gv.28]. special-
uri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlee-
bis akademiuri da socialuri miRwevebis Sefaseba
xdeba imave principiT, romliTac sxva akademiuri
miRwevis moswavleebi fasdebian.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisad SemuSave-
bulia ganaTlebis procesis marTvis zogadi prin-
cipebi, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi
diferencirebis SesaZleblobebi, swavlebis strat-
egiebi erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis uzrunvelsay-
ofad, ganxilulia specialuri saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa sagakveTilo proce-
si erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da sxv. spe-
cialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis dadastureba
xdeba saministros inkluziuri ganaTlebis multi-
disciplinuri gundis (SemdgomSi _ multidisci-
plinuri gundi) Sefasebisa da daskvnis safuZvelze,
aseve multidisciplinuri gundis mier ganisazRvre-
ba sssm moswavlisTvis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

308
adaptaciis saWiroeba. adaptaciis saxeebia: modi-
fikacia, akomodacia, individualuri saswavlo geg-
ma, alternatiuli saswavlo miznebi, alternatiuli
saswavlo gegma an/da gafarToebuli saswavlo gegma.
sssm moswavlisTvis skola valdebulia uzrunvely-
os erovnuli saswavlo gegmis modifikacia, saswav-
lo garemos akomodacia da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
alternatiuli saswavlo miznebis SemuSaveba. mos-
wavlisTvis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis modifikacia
niSnavs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli
Sedegebis raodenobriv da/an Tvisebriv cvlilebebs,
rac SesaZlebelia gulisxmobdes saswavlo miznebis
raodenobriv Semcirebas, gamartivebas moswavlis
mzaobisa da SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sas-
wavlo garemos akomodacia niSnavs saswavlo gare-
mos iseTi cvlilebas, romelic ar iwvevs erovnu-
li saswavlo gegmis Sinaarsis Secvlas, aramed xels
uwyobs specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavlisTvis Sesabamisi saswavlo garemos da
pirobebis Seqmnas qvemoT CamoTvlil komponenteb-
Si: a) instruqciis akomodacia; b) garemo pirobebis
akomodacia; g) Sefasebis akomodacia; d) drois,
grafikis akomodacia. alternatiuli saswavlo
miznebis SemuSaveba xdeba mZime, Rrma da mravlobiTi
darRvevis mqone moswavleebisTvis, Tu SeuZlebelia
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli zogier-
Ti sagnis swavleba. mZime, Rrma da mravlobiTi dar-
Rvevis mqone moswavleebisTvis aucilebelia indi-
vidualur saswavlo gegmaSi alternatiuli miznebis
Setana, rogoricaa yoveldRiuri sasicocxlo fun-
qciuri unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba [esg, 2018]

309
 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis
centris mier gamoica araerTi saWiro da saSuri
gzamkvlevebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi skolis maswav-
leblebisTvis. saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da ganaT-
lebis saministrom Seitana cvlilebebi kanonSi ga-
naTlebis Sesaxeb, Seiqmna specialuri maswavleblis
profesiuli standarti, ganisazRvra specialuri
maswavleblis dasaqmebis sferoebi, roli da pasux-
ismgeblobebi, sapilote skolebSi Seqmnilia inklu-
ziuri kabinetebi, sadac profesionali pedagogebi
moRvaweoben. mudmivad mimdinareobs maswavlebelTa
gadamzadeba inkluziuri ganaTlebis dasanergavad.
inkluziuri ganaTleba XXI saukunis gamowvevaa.
Tu gvsurs Tanamedrove tolerantuli Rirebule-
bebisa da kulturis ganuyofeli nawili viyoT, yve-
la bavSvs unda mivceT swavlisa da ganviTarebis
Tanabari SesaZleblobebi.

310
 literatura:

1. esg, 2018: erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2018-2024

http://ncp.ge/files–/ESG/NC%20
2. gzamkvlevi, 2011: inkluziuri ganaTleba, gzam-
kvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris gamocema, Tb.,
2011.
3. kvaWaZe, araviaSvili, 2009: J. kvaWaZe, m. ara-
viaSvili, saqarTvelos 13 specializirebuli
profilis mqone skolis situaciuri analizi da
skolis da maswavleblebis saWiroebebis kvleva,
Tb., 2009.
4. WinWarauli da sxv. 2010: T. WinWarauli, m.
bagrationi, a. laRiZe, T. paWkoria, inkluziuri
ganaTleba, swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone mos-
wavleTa swavleba, Tb., 2010.
5. inkluziuri ganaTleba, 2008: viswavloT erTad,
inkluziuri ganaTleba, T. paWkorias redaqci-
iT, Tb., 2008.

311
 6.3 saswavlo aqtivobebi da diferen-
cirebuli midgoma universaluri dizainis
principebis gaTvaliswinebiT

uwyveti ganviTarebisken orientirebuli sazo-

gadoebis Camoyalibeba didadaa damokidebuli mas-
wavleblis SemoqmedebiT da kvlevaze dafuZnebul
saswavlo aqtivobebze. Sesabamisad, momavalma mas-
wavlebelma Teoriulad da garkveulwilad praqti-
kuladac, radganac maswavleblis momzadebis axal
sabakalavro-samagistro programaSi praqtikasa da
mis kvlevas didi dro eTmoba, kargad unda gaiaz-
ros universaluri dizainis principebis gaTvalis-
winebiT dagegmili saswavlo procesis unikaluroba
da misi gamoyenebis specifika klasSi.
swavlebis Tanamedrove midgoma, romelic uni-
versaluri dizainis principebs efuZneba, qmnis swav-
lis Tanabar SesaZleblobas yvela individisTvis,
miuxedavad maT Soris arsebuli gansxvavebisa. misi
ZiriTadi principia swavla-swavlebisas moxdes yvela
moswavlisTvis relevanturi saswavlo meTodebis,
masalis da Sefasebis sistemis gamoyeneba. swored am-
itom swavlebis am midgomas `universaluri~ ewodeba.
am principebis gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmili swavlis
procesi Sedegis momtania sayovelTaod, yvelasTvis
da ara moswavleTa garkveuli jgufisTvis [bagra-
tion-gruzinski da sxvebi, 2018: gv. 36-37]. ganaT-
lebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis safuZvelze
mniSvnelovnad Seicvala warmodgena saskolo ganaT-
lebis Sesaxeb, aqtualuri gaxda bavSvze orientire-
buli swavleba, rac gulisxmobs saswavlo miznebis,

312
meTodebis, strategiebis da resursebis maqsimalur
morgebas bavSvis SesaZleblobebsa da interesebze.
imisTvis, rom yvela moswavlem miaRwios warmatebas,
mniSvnelovania universaluri dizainis principebze
Seqmnili saswavlo garemo. universaluri dizainis
principebis gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmili saswavlo
procesis unikaluroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sx-
vadasxva resursebis Sesabamisad, modalobebis ga-
moyenebiT, moswavlisTvis misawvdomi xdeba saswav-
lo masala, Sinaarsi da meTodi. sworad SerCeuli
aqtivobebi, romlebic morgebuli iqneba TiToeul
moswavleze, xels Seuwyobs maswavlebels sagakveTi-
lo procesSi.
universaluri dizainis principiT swavlebisas
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva Semdeg kompo-
nentebs:
• rogor da ra gzebiT xdeba mozardisTvis codnis
gadacema, informaciis miwodeba? am dros aqcen-
ti keTdeba informaciis da Sinaarsis wardgenis
mravalferovan gzebze imisaTvis, rom ifor-
maciis aRqma, gageba da gadamuSveba efeqturad
moxdes.
• rogor da ra gzebiT xdeba mozardis mxridan
codnis demonstrireba? am dros aqcenti keTde-
ba codnis gadmocemis, gamoxatvis da aqtivobis
Sesrulebis mravalferovan gzebze.
universaluri dizainis principebis Tanaxmad,
imisaTvis, rom swavlis procesi warmatebiT ganxor-
cieldes, moswavlisTvis cxadad da eqspliciturad
unda iyos mocemuli Semdegi sami sakiTxi:
1. informaciis wardgenis mravalferovani gza:

313
 ras vswavlob? ras vxedav, ra mesmis, ras vkiTx-
ulob?
2. gamoxatvis mravalferovani gza: rogor vswav-
lob? codnis gadmocemis, aqtivobis da gamox-
atvis ra gzebs viyeneb?
3. motivaciis (CarTvis) mravalferovani gza: ratom
vswavlob? ra mniSvnelobis matarebelia es cod-
na? rogor gamoviyeneb mas? [bagration-gruzins-
ki da sxv., 2017: gv: 36-37].
xSirad maswavleblebs uWirT gaarCion erTmane-
Tisagan aqtivoba da meTodi. aqtivobas daesmis kiTx-
va ras vakeTeb? mag.: maswavlebeli klasTan erTad
SeimuSavebs jgufuri muSaobis wesebs _ aris aqtivo-
ba.
Tu daismis kiTxva rogor vakeTeb? e.i. ra didaq-
tikuri xerxiT vaxorcieleb am aqtivobas, es aris
meTodi. mag.: maswavlebeli jgufuri muSobis wesebs
SeimuSavebs `apolo teqnikiT~. apolo teqnika aris
meTodi.
aqtivobis SerCevisas unda davfiqrdeT:
 Cven mier amorCeuli aqtivobebi dagvexmareba
Tu ara dasaxuli miznis miRwevaSi?
 miznis misaRwevad ras gavakeTebT (maswavleblis
aqtivoba) da ras gaakeTeben moswavleebi (mos-
wavleebis aqtivoba)?
 ramdeni aqtivoba migviyvans miznamde?
 rogori iqneba aqtivobebis Tanmimdevroba?
 Seesabameba Tu ara Cven mier SerCeuli aqtivo-
ba moswavleebis codnasa da unarebs, maT Sesa-
Zleblobebsa da gamocdilebas.
saswavlo meTodebis SerCevisas unda gaviTval-

314
iswinoT:
 misi Sesabamisoba aqtivobasTan.
 klasis organizebis formasTan.
 teqnikurad misi ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba.
TiToeuli aqtivobisa da gakveTilis bolos
misaRwevi Sedegebi
rodesac maswavlebeli miznis misaRwevad irCevs
Sesabamis aqtivobasa da meTodebs, aucileblad unda
gaiTvaliswinos, TiToeuli am aqtivobisa da meTo-
dis gamoyeneba moswavleebSi ra unarebis ganviTare-
bas uwyobs xels, e.i. TiToeul aqtivobas ra Sedegze
gayavs moswavleebi. yoveli aqtivobis bolos miR-
weul Sedegebs moswavleebi unda miyavdes gakveTi-
lis bolos misaRwev Sedegebamde: saidanac, Tavis
mxriv, unda gamomdinareobdes gakveTilis mizani
[saswavlo procesis dagegmva, 2018].
mesame Taobis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba swavlebis mniS-
vnelovan strategias, metakognitur pauzas, romlis
CarTvac muSaobis procesSi xels uwyobs TiToeul
moswavles, ganaviTaros sakuTari potenciali, mo-
Zebnos sakuTar TavSi siZneleTa daZlevis axali re-
sursebi, gaxdes ufro qmediTi wamoWrili probleme-
bis dasaZlevad. aseT konteqstSi mkveTrad izrdeba
swavlis motivacia, rac ori urTierTdamokidebuli
faqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli. codnis organizebisT-
vis mniSvnelovania maswavlebeli mudmivad zruna-
vdes mexsierebaSi codnaTa urTierTdakavSirebisa
da organizebis xelSewyobaze sxvadasxva saSualebis
gamoyenebiT. codnaTa ierarqizaciisas umniSvnelo-
vanes rols cnebebi TamaSobs _ isini Tavad war-

315
moadgenen organizebul ideebs, romlebic SeZenili
codnis struqtuirebisa da sistemaSi moyvanis sa-
Sualebas iZleva [jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: 23-24]. swav-
la-swavlebis konstruqtivistuli principebis Sesa-
bamisad, maswavlebelma unda ganaviTaros sakuTari
kurikulumi da masSi mkafiod unda gamokveTos swav-
lebis universaluri dizainis Sesabamisi aqtivobebis
prioritetuloba.
Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi ganaT-
lebis mizania im codnisa da unar-Cvevebis aTviseba,
romelic exmareba TiToeul adamians daimkvidros
Tavi sazogadoebaSi da miaRwios warmatebas. magram
codnis aTviseba yvelas erTnairad ar SeuZlia, am-
itom zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi (sko-
laSi) iyeneben sxvadasxva saxis midgomebs, meTodebs,
strategiebs, raTa moswavleebma daZlion is bari-
eri, rac maT xvdebaT swavlaSi da saswavlo proces-
Si gamoyenebuli meTodebi maT saWiroebebze da Ses-
aZleblobebze iyos morgebuli.
axali erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romelmac
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada, pirvel rig-
Si, gulisxmobs wliuris nacvlad safexurebrivi
standartebis danergvas, romlebic orientirebu-
lia grZelvadian miznebze da maTi miRwevis gzebsa
da saSualebebze. grZelvadian miznebze orientire-
ba, Tavis mxriv, SesaZlebels xdis saswavlo pro-
cesis dagegmvas moswavleTa saWiroebebis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rac exmareba moswavles fundamenturi,
myari, dinamikuri codnis konstruirebaSi. stand-
artis safexurebrivi Sedegebis Semotana met Tavi-
suflebas iZleva da pirdapir pasuxobs pirovnebis

316
ganviTarebaze orientirebul saganmanaTleblo kon-
cefcias, rac aris axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mTavari RerZi. pirovnebaze orientirebuli sagan-
manaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas moswavle, misi
ganviTarebis procesi da mis mier miRweuli Sedegi.
safexurebrivi standarti maswavlebels met
saSualebas aZlevs, sworad Seuwyos xeli bavSvze
morgebuli sistemis amoqmedebas, saganmanaTleblo
procesi moargos calkeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis
temps, gaiTvaliswinos TiToeuli maTganis fizikuri
da fsiqikuri maxasiaTeblebi, swavlis stili, pira-
di gamocdileba da akademiuri saWiroebebi. aseve,
yovel konkretul skolas saSualeba eZleva, Tavad
dagegmos drois garkveuli monakveTisaTvis sagakve-
Tilo procesi moswavleebis SesaZleblobebisa da
saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
mesame Taobis erovnuli saswavlo gegma xels
uwyobs moswavleTa individualuri saWiroebebis
diferencirebasa da TiToeul moswavleze misad-
agebuli swavlebis danergvas. diferencirebuli
swavleba niSnavs saswavlo procesis morgebas mos-
wavleTa saWiroebebze. esaa erT klasSi myofi gansx-
vavebuli miRwevebis mqone moswavleTa gansxvaveb-
ulad swavleba. swavlis diferencirebaSi SeiZleba
igulisxmebodes erTsa da imave klasSi moswavleTa
sxvadasxva jgufTan gansxvavebuli meTodebis da/
an resursebis gamoyeneba. igi iTvaliswinebs erTi
klasis moswavleebis dajgufebas/dayofas doneebis
mixedviT.
diferencirebuli swavlebis mTavari mizania,
rom TiToeulma moswavlem miaRwios saukeTeso Se-

317
degs Tavisi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi. am Tval-
sazrisiT diferencirebuli swavleba calsaxad ar
gulisxmobs gansxvavebuli monacemebis mqone mos-
wavleebis mier Tanabari Sedegebis miRwevas. Sesa-
Zlebelia, susti moswavle yovelTvis ver daewios
warmatebuls, Tumca, zogjer susti moswavle ise-
Tive Sedegs aRwevs, rogorc warmatebuli. diferen-
cirebul midgomiT moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba,
daZlion swavlis procesSi warmoqmnili barierebi
da mkveTrad gaaumjobeson Sedegebi.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, diferen-
cirebuli swavleba _ es aris saswavlo procesis
imgvari organizeba, romelic gaTvlilia TiToeu-
li moswavlis an moswavleTa jgufis saWiroebebze.
diferencirebuli swavleba aigeba Semdegi faqtore-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT:
1. moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis molodinebis
gacnobiereba;
2. moswavleebis codnis, unarebisa da swavlis sti-
lis gansazRvra;
3. dakvirveba imaze, Tu rogor igeben moswavleebi
davalebas;
4. samomavlo gegmebis dasaxvis mizniT Sedegebis
Semowmeba da analizi.
diferencirebuli swavlebis efeqturi gamoy-
eneba mTlianad imazea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad
kargad icnobs maswavlebeli Tavis moswavleebs da
ramdenad iTvaliswinebs TiToeuli moswavlis cod-
nas, unar-Cvevebs, damokidebulebas da unikalur ga-
mocdilebas [saswavlo-meTodologiuri resursebis
krebuli, 2015: gv. 19].

318
 diferencirebuli swavleba emyareba maswavleb-
lis rwmenas, rom yvela moswavles SeuZlia swav-
la. diferencirebul gakveTilze sxvadasxva saxis
strategia gamoiyeneba, maT Sorisaa: damoukidebeli
kiTxva, aseve mcire jgufuri da saerTo saklaso di-
skusiebi. diferencirebuli swavleba Tavidan rTu-
li SeiZleba gveCvenos, magram praqtikaSi is sul
ufro da ufro bunebrivi xdeba. am tipis swavle-
basTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi sirTule isaa, rom
misi arasaTanadod ganxorcieleba moswavleTa stig-
matizaciamde migviyvans.
mkvlevrebi swavlebisadmi midgomisas ganasx-
vaveben diferencirebas mzaobis da interesis mixed-
viT: mzaobis mixedviT diferencireba xdeba imis
gaTvaliswineba, Tu ramdenad daZlies moswavleeb-
ma saswavlo miznebi. am informacias maswavlebeli
iRebs ganmaviTarebel Sefasebaze dayrdnobiT. gan-
maviTarebeli Sefasebis meSveobiT maswavlebelma
SeiZleba daadginos, rom, magaliTad, momdevno sas-
wavlo Temis siRrmiseulad ganxilvaze gadasasvle-
lad moswavleTa 75%-s sWirdeba ramdenime cnebis
ganmarteba da kargad gaazreba. amitom, momdevno ga-
kveTilisTvis man unda dagegmos iseTi aqtivoba, ro-
melic moswavleebs rogorc bazisuri cnebebis, ise
am cnebebTan dakavSirebuli ufro rTuli sakiTx-
ebis Seswavlis SesaZleblobas miscems.
interesis mixedviT diferencireba yvelaze
efeqturi midgomaa, radganac albaT sadavo ar aris,
rom rac ufro metad ainteresebs moswavles sakiTxi,
miT ufro metad erTveba is saswavlo procesSi.
aseve izrdeba misi motivacia, miaRwios saswavlo mi-

319
zans. maswavlebels SeuZlia garkveul SemTxvevebSi
moswavles misces SesaZlebloba, airCios saswavlo
TemasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi, romelic yvelaze
metad ainteresebs. magaliTad, Tu maTematikis mas-
wavlebels surs, aswavlos moswavleebs monacemebis
statistikuri damuSaveba, mas SeuZlia moswavleebis
interesebis mixedviT SearCios Tema, romelic mo-
nacemebis Segrovebas ukavSirdeba. biologiis mas-
wavlebelma ki imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma SeZlon
TavianTi codnis demonstrireba, SeiZleba maT re-
feratis dawera, laboratoriuli cdis Catareba an
socialuri reklamis Seqmna SesTavazos. moswavleebs
SeiZleba erTi da igive saswavlo mizani hqondeT, ma-
gram mieceT SesaZlebloba, airCion sxvadasxva saxis
strategia am miznis misaRwevad [xunZayaSvili, biv-
eri, 2018: gv. 35-36].
individualur swavlebazea orientirebuli
meTodi gulisxmobs SemTxvevas, roca pedagogebi da
skola fiqroben `vaswavloT yvelas erTnairad~, rac
niSnavs swavlebisadmi unificirebul midgomas da
arasworia. diferencirebuli meTodis gamoyeneba ma-
qsimalurad iTvaliswinebs bavSvebis Taviseburebebs,
SesaZleblobebs interesebs. diferencirebuli mid-
goma swavlebis sxva formebTan SedarebiT yvelaze
ukeT uwyobs xels moswavlis individualobasa da
pirovnuli Tvisebebis ganviTarebas. aRsaniSnavia,
rom diferencirebuli swavlebis ageba SeuZlebe-
lia yoveli moswavlis, rogorc pirovnebisa da in-
dividis TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
pirovnuli da individualuri Taviseburebebis gaT-
valiswinebis gareSe. swavlebaSi diferencirebuli

320
midgoma iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa, rogorc gone-
briv ganviTarebas aseve fsiqologiur Tavisebure-
bebs.
maswavleblis profesiul eTikaze dafuZnebuli
maRali profesionalizmi, misi mudmivi dakvirve-
ba moswavleebze, praqtikuli kvleviT gamyarebuli
Sexedulebebi saklaso auditoriaze, ufro moqnils
da maRalefeqturs xdis diferencirebuli swavlebis
niuansebs yvela safexuris moswavleebTan. saskolo
garemos da moswavlis individualur mdgomareobas,
mis mudmiv mcdelobas aRmoaCinos sakuTari Tavi,
SeZlos sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamovlena xels
uwyobs maswavleblis maRalprofesiuli midgoma
da diferencireba, sxva SemTxvevaSi diferencireba
swavlebaSi SeiZleba gaxdes moswavleTa demotivaci-
is mizezi.

321
 literatura:

1. bagration-gruzinski da sxv., 2018: m. bagra-

tion-gruzinski, m.kvaWaZe, r. lorTqifaniZe, n.
gaCeCilaZe, saswavlo aqtivobebi yvelasaTvis,
swavlebis meTodebi inkluziur ganaTlebaSi,
gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis, Tb., 2018.
2. kobaiZe, 2010: s.kobaiZe, interaqtiuli TamaSebi
dawyebiT klasebSi, Tb., 2010.
3. perkinsi, 2007: perkinsi d., gonivruli skolebi,
Tb., 2007.
4. saswavlo procesis dagegmva, maswavlebel-
Ta profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli cen-
tri,http://tpdc.gov.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/sascav-
lo%20procesis%20dagegmva.pdf
5. jayeli, silagaZe, 2018: T. jayeli, n. silagaZe,
kurikulumi pedagogiuri praqtikis srulyofis
saSualeba, mesame Taobis esg-s konceptualuri
da meTodologiuri gzamkvlevi, Tb., 2018.
6. xunZayaSvili, biveri, 2018: m. xunZayaSvili, s.
biveri, ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba da diferen-
cirebuli swavleba, saxelmZRvanelo maswav-
leblebisTvis, Tb., 2018.
7. saswavlo-meTodologiuri resursebis krebu-
li, 2015: saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis
proeqti (G-PriEd), kiTxvisa da weris swavleba
dawyebiT safexurze, saswavlo-meTodologiuri
resursebis krebuli, I-VI klasebi, Tb., 2015.

322
 Tavi VII

multikulturuli ganaTleba da qarTuli

saganmanaTleblo sivrce

7.1 multikulturul klasebSi literaturis

integrirebuli swavlebis Taviseburebani
saqarTvelo mravalerovani da multikulturu-
li qveyanaa; umciresobaTa samoqalaqo integraciis
procesSi umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs skola da
sazogadod ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros
mier warmoebuli swori da qveynis sxvadasxva eT-
nikuri warmomavlobis moqalaqeTa saWiroebebsa da
moTxovnilebebze orientirebuli politika.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi mizania
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba sxvadasxva sa-
gniT miRebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis integri-
rebiT.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba saukeTe-
so saSualebaa, moswavles vaswavloT azrovneba az-
rovnebis Sesaxeb (metakognicia), romelic moicavs:
problemis arsebobis aRiarebas, gacnobierebas,
strategiis arCevas, gonebrivi resursebis ganawile-
bas, problemis gadawyvetis msvlelobis kontrolsa
da efeqtianobis Sefasebas. rodesac metagognicia
exeba sakuTari swavlis procesebis gacnobierebas,
xdeba swavla _ moswavlis mier sakuTari swavlis
marTva, romelic moicavs swavlis dagegmvas, Sefase-
basa da mudmiv monitorings.
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebis mizania
pedagogma moswavleebs daanaxos sakiTxi, problema,
323
romelic mravalgvari midgomiTa da gziT SeiZle-
ba gadaiWras, romelzec ar arsebobs erTi swori an
araswori pasuxi, saWiroebs Ziebas, alternativebis
daSvebas da ideebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebas. mos-
wavleebma unda gamoiyenon naswavli masala, maT mier
damoukideblad moZiebuli informacia da problemis
gadaWris maTeuli xedva unda miusadagon realuri
cxovrebis miznebsa da moTxovnebs.
moswavleze orientirebuli inovaciuri sagan-
manaTleblo meTodebisa da aqtivobebis gamoyene-
ba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs maRali saazrovno
unarebis: analizisa da sinTezis, kritikuli az-
rovnebis, problemis gadaWrisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis, SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebaSi. swav-
la-swavlebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT efeqturia
ara mxolod faqtebze dafuZnebuli, aramed erT-
droulad ramdenime unaris ganviTarebaze orien-
tirebuli meTodebi. am tipis swavleba gansakuTre-
biT efeqturia qarTuli enisa da literaturis
swavlebisas, radganac sagani da misi swavlebisdmi
kreatiuli midgomebi iZleva saSualebas ganvuvi-
TaroT moswavleebs CaRrmavebis da misi gadaWris
gzebis povnis unari.
yoveli moswavle skolaSi uzrunvelyofili
unda iyos ganviTarebis Tanabari SesaZleblobebiT
da amasTanave, yoveli moswavlis kulturuli Strix-
ebi yvelasTvis misaRebi unda iyos. saqarTveloSi mim-
dinare saganmanaTleblo reformis mizania, realu-
ri gamocdilebis gamoyeneba kulturuli sxvaobebis
mimarT, pativiscemis da interkulturuli cnobier-
ebis gasamyareblad. maswavlebeli, rogorc cvlile-

324
bebis mTavari iniciatori, valdebulia moswavleebi
uzrunvelyos Ria saswavlo garemoTi da xeli Seu-
wyos yvela kulturis monawileobas demokratiuli
principebis dacviT.
dRes, interkulturuli komunikaciebis mzardi
ganviTarebisa da gaRrmavebis epoqaSi, gansakuTre-
bul datvirTvas iZens nacionaluri literature-
bis, rogorc azrovnebis originaluri modelebis
recefcia, maTi gamoyvana kulturuli izolaciis
mdgomareobidan da faseuli CarTva farTomasStabi-
an kulturaTaSoris dialogSi. gamonaklisi, cxadia,
arc qarTuli literaturaa. cnobilia, rom tol-
erantoba da ucxos pativiscema qarTul litera-
turaSi jer kidev maSin Cndeba, roca qveynis saxel-
mwifoebrioba yalibdeba da qveyanaSi mwerlobis
ganviTarebis sawyisi periodia. mxatvruli liter-
aturis Seswavlisas, misi Taviseburebebidan gamom-
dinare, moswavleTa winaSe bunebrivad Cndeba saku-
Tari Tavisa da samyaros Secnobis individualuri
perspeqtiva.
swored multikulturul klasebSi litera-
turis swavlebisas unda ganuviTardeT moswavleebs
ZiriTadi moqalaqeobrivi unarebi. Semwynareblo-
ba, ucxos pativiscema, Tavisuflebisaken ltolva
is Rirebulebebia, romlebic mudmiv analizs, ref-
leqsias, Sromas ukavSirdeba. es ar aris erTxel da
samudamod mopovebuli ram. swavlebis Tanamedrove
Teoriebis mixedviT, mniSvnelovania sxva adamianis
TvaliT samyaros danaxvis unaris gamomuSaveba, rac,
Tavis mxriv, moswavleTa socialur ganviTarebas
uwyobs xels. am miznis misaRwevad saWiroa kiTxvis

325
saTanado strategiebis gamoyeneba. literaturuli
nawarmoebis ganxilvisas unda visaubroT personaJ-
Ta rTul da zogjer urTierTsawinaaRmdego mo-
tivebze. moswavleebi unda CauRrmavdnen mxatvru-
li nawarmoebis gmiris ara marto saqciels, aramed
grZnobebs, azrebs, emociebs, mimikebsa da Jestebsac
ki. maT personaJSi unda dainaxon ara mxolod epoqis
warmomadgeneli, aramed cocxali, realuri adamiani.
mivadeqiT mniSvnelovan meTodikur sakiTxs: xom
ar vakninebT epoqis Taviseburebis, kulturuli kon-
teqstis mniSvnelobas? xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom
zemoCamoTvlili faqtorebi mniSvnelovania nawar-
moebis gasagebad da, Sesabamisad, swavlebisas maT
garkveuli dro unda daeTmos, magram ar migvaCnia
sworad zedmeti gataceba am TaviseburebebiT [lei-
aSvili, 2013: gv. 3].
tolerantoba da ucxos pativiscema qarTul
literaturaSi jer kidev maSin Cndeba, roca qa-
rTlSi qristianoba oficialur religiad cxaddeba.
gavixsenoT wminda ninos cxovrebis is pasaJi, sad-
ac wmindani armazis msxvrevis Semdeg kerps bivri-
lis Tvlebs moacilebs da Seinaxavs. es alegoria
reprezentaciulia im etapis qarTuli kulturisT-
vis, romelic ganviTarebis sawyisi etapidanve xSir-
ad iyenebda adgilobrivTaTvis misaReb `enas~. qris-
tianulma kulturam Seiwynara warmarTuli sakulto
simboloebi: mze, vazi da sxv., isini axleburi Sinaar-
siT aavso _ RvTis aRmniSvnelad (simbolod) aqcia
(r. siraZe). magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT agreTve
qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da qarTuli galobis
stilisturi msgavseba, qarTuli himnografiis mier

326
qarTuli Sairis saleqso metris gamoyeneba. Sairi
warmarTul narativs ukavSirdeboda da Sesabamisad,
araqristianul azrovnebasTan, SinaarsTan asocir-
deba.
imisTvis, rom moswavlem sazogadoebis wevrad
igrZnos Tavi, icxovros am sazogadoebaSi da Caer-
Tos, aqtiuri monawileoba miiRos mis saqmianobaSi,
am sazogadebis wevrebTan sistematuri urTierToba
unda hqondes, amisaTvis ki igi unda flobdes sa-
komunikacio unar-Cvevebs, romelic SeiZleba iTqvas
warmatebis sawindaria, radgan komunikaciis unaris
qonis SemTxvevaSi meti SesaZlebloba eZleva moswav-
les (da zogadad nebismier adamians) sworad aRiqvan
misi azrebi. azrebis sworad dalagebasa da gamoxat-
vaSi ki mas, pirvel rigSi, swored qarTuli enisa da
literaturis safuZvlianad Seswavla exmareba [gut-
brodi, danelia, 2006: gv.5].
multikulturul klasebSi literaturis swav-
lebisas gansakuTrebuli funqcia maswavlebels eni-
Weba. rogorc bensoni aRniSnavs, bilingvuri pro-
gramis maswavlebeli unda iyos `pedagogi, lingvisti,
Semoqmedi, inovaciuri azrovnebis mqone, maRali in-
terkulturuli mgrZnobelobis mqone da, amasTanave,
pozitiuri damokidebuleba unda hqondes bilingvu-
ri ganaTlebis programebis mimarT~ [tabataZe, 2010:
gv. 207-208]. bilingvuri programis maswavlebeli aq-
tiurad unda iyos CarTuli klasgareSe aqtivobebSi,
moswavleTa mSoblebTan da TemTan urTierTobebSi;
amasTanave, sasurvelia, bilingvuri programis mas-
wavlebeli iyos bilingvali, anu magaliTs warmoad-
gens moswavleTaTvis [tabataZe, 2010: 45]. veqsleris

327
Tanaxmad, inovaciuri aqtiuroba aris maswavleblis
pedagogiuri aqtiurobis struqturis elementi.
Tanamdrove saswavlo sistema mudmivad cvalebadia,
rac aisaxeba maswavleblis kvalifikaciis xarisxzec
da Sesabamisad misi gakveTilis donezec [Volume 8,
2007: gv. 26].
ganaTlebis reformis mTavari mizania aqtiuri,
kritikulad moazrovne, kanonmorCili, toleran-
ti moqalaqe aRizardos da Camoylibdes skolaSi,
romelsac ganviTarebuli eqneba sxvadasxva unarebi.
sakomunikacio Cvevebi (wera, kiTxva, gamarTuli me-
tyveleba, mosmena). axal aTaswleulSi moswavle-
axalgazrdobas bevri siaxle elis. win saintereso
da mravalferovani gzebi isaxeba, swored amitom,
pedagogebs gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva sWirde-
baT, Tavdauzogavi Sroma da profesiuli zrda.
bevri ram gasaumjobesebeli da dasaxvewia. maT ise
unda miawodon moswavles axali informacia, rom
gaiTvaliswinon misi inteleqti, gonebrivi Sesa-
Zleblobebi da unarebi. skola, ganaTlebis siste-
maSi mTavri RerZia, romelic sazogadoebis momaval
wevrebs zrdis. jansaRad, kritikulad moazrovne
Taoba Tavad Seqmnis axal Rirebulebebs da arsebul
miRwevebs kidev ufro gaaumjobesebs.
qarTuli kultura, literatura, xelovneba da
istoria erT mTlian sistemas qmnis, romelic cal-
ke aRebuli arasruli birTvia. maswavlebels SuZlia
bavSvs ufro naTlad daanaxos is ganmasxvavebeli da
saerTo niSnebi, romelic qarTul literaturas ax-
asiaTebs sxva kulturebTan mimarTebaSi. moswavleTa
codnis gaRrmavebis da analizis unaris gamomuSave-

328
bis mizniT, amgvari meTodi yvelaze efeqturia,
rac, Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs moswavleebSi ara
mxolod erovnuli Rirebulebebis ganmtkicebas, ar-
amed interkulturuli, multikulturuli kompe-
tenciebis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebasac.
multikulturul klasebSi literaturis inte-
grirebuli swavlebis procesma xeli unda Seuwyos
da erTgvari biZgi misces TiToeul moswavleSi ar-
sebuli unikaluri, individualuri da Semoqmedebi-
Ti potencialis gamovlenas.

literatura:

1. leiaSvili, 2013: n. leiaSvili, literaturuli

personaJi _ epoqis produqti Tu cocxali saxe,
2013. http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=3612
2. niniZe 2012: q. niniZe, interaqciuloba da qar-
Tulis gakveTilebi. www. Maswavlebeli.ge
3. gutbrodi, danelia, 2006: h. gutbrodi, n. dane-
lia, saqmiani urTierTobebi, Tb., 2006.
4. tabataZe, 2010: S. tabataZe. bilingvuri ganaT-
lebis programebi; ra arCevani aqvT saqarTve-
loSi sajaro skolebs; Jurnali. bilingvuri
ganaTleba. 2010.
5. Volume 8- 2007: Journal of Teacher Education for Sus-
tainability, Volume 8- 2007

329
 7.2 saxelmwifo enis swavlebis praqtikuli
sakiTxebi sauniversiteto sivrceSi

erovnuli umciresobebis sazogadoebaSi in-

tegraciisaTvis mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs ga-
naTlebis sistema. srulfasovani moqalaqis Camoy-
alibebisTvis saWiroa saxelmwifo enis codna da
lingvisturi da kulturuli identurobis dacva.
saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos zogadadamianuri
da zogadsaxelmwifoebrivi Rirebulebebis Seswavla
da miReba, aseve erovnul umciresobaTa kulturu-
li identurobis dacva da interkulturuli ganaT-
leba.
qarTulis, rogorc ucxo enis, standartizaciis
aucilebloba mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac qarTuli saxel-
mwifo intensiurad CaerTo saerTaSoriso proceseb-
Si da Sesabamisad, Seiqmna qarTuli enis ganxilvis
saWiroeba ori saurTierTo konteqstiT: qarTuli
_ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena, anu Sida mimoqcev-
is ena da qarTuli _ msoflio mimoqcevaSi myofi
erT-erTi ena, anu legitimirebuli ena. amdenad,
qarTulis, rogorc ucxo enis, standartis Seqmnas
strategiuli mniSvneloba aqvs da is namdvilad aris
didi saxelmwifoebrivi movlena. mas, aseve, didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba enobrivi ganaTlebis sistemi-
saTvis, radgan masSi ganisazRvra swavlebis mizani
_ swavlebis strategia da taqtika. amasTanave, igi
uzrunvelyofs saswavlo procesis unificirebas da
xels Seuwyobs yoveldRiuri da saqmiani urTierTo-
bebisTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
studentebisaTvis qarTulis, rogorc saxel-

330
mwifo enis, swavleba moiTxovs arastandartuli
strategiis SemuSavebas, romelic dasavlur qveyneb-
Si ukve aprobirebulia da efeqturad muSaobs. ev-
ropisa da amerikis mTel rig qveynebSi sul ufro
da ufro popularuli xdeba multilingvuri ga-
naTleba (Multilingual education) _ ganaTleba, rom-
lis drosac swavlebis enad gamoiyeneba ramdenime
ena: mSobliuri (pirveli) da aramSobliuri (meore,
mesame...). amdenad, multilingvuri ganaTleba aris
kompleqsuri sistema, romelic mraval gansxvavebul
aspeqts moicavs. unda aRiniSnos, rom multilingvu-
ri ganaTlebis principebisa da midgomebis danergva
dRes qarTuli saganmanaTleblo politikis erT-er-
Ti prioritetuli mimarTulebaa.
multilingvuri swavlebisas auditoriaSi ori,
an meti ena gamoiyeneba. ganaTlebis miReba mSobli-
ur enaze studentebs TavianTi inteleqtualuri
SesaZleblobebis sruli ganviTarebis saSualebas
aZlevs. amavdroulad, isini euflebian lingvistur
unarebs im enaze, romelic maTTvis sasicocxlod
aucilebelia. multilingvuri ganaTlebis miRebis
ZiriTadi upiratesoba is aris, rom igi xels uwyobs
interkulturuli Cvevebisa da tolerantobis gan-
viTarebas, rac mravaleTnikur qveyanaSi mSvidobiani
sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas ganapirobebs.
meore enis swavlebis meTodologiur proble-
mebs Cvens droSi didi yuradReba eqceva. daixvewa
swavlebis meTodebi, xerxebi, SemuSavda axali strat-
egiebi. gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria es problema Cven-
Tan, radgan saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erTma mexuT-
edma ar icis saxelmwifo ena, rac xels uSlis maT,

331
saqarTvelos srulfasovan moqalaqeebad igrZnon
Tavi. saqarTveloSi pativs scemen yvela eTnikur
jgufs, romelic qveyanaSi cxovrobs, miiCneven maT
sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad, iziareben maT
kulturul Rirebulebebs, Tumca ki saxelmwifo ena
qveynisTvis aris Zalian mniSvnelovani da, rogorc
saqarTvelos srulfasovani moqalaqe, yvela unda
saubrobdes qarTul enaze. imisTvis, rom araqarTve-
li mzad iyos saqarTveloSi SromiTi da sazogadoe-
brivi saqmianobisTvis, yofiT, saswavlo, socialur,
kulturul da oficialur-saqmian sferoSi urTier-
TobebisTvis, mas unda SeeZlos qarTul enaze urT-
ierToba, am enaze saubari, kiTxva da wera.
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis mizani sauniversi-
teto doneze miznad isaxavs: xeli Seuwyos srul-
fasovani moqalaqis aRzrdas, romelic SeZlebs
samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi integracias da sakuTari
wvlilis Setanas mis ganviTarebaSi. ufro konkret-
ulad ki qarTulis, rogorc meore enis saswavlo
programam unda uzrunvelyos qarTuli enis imgvari
codna, rom studentma SesZlos: warmatebuli ko-
munikacia qarTul enaze; sxvadasxva mizniT, sxva-
dasxva auditoriisaTvis, sxvadasxva tipis (rogorc
zepiri, aseve werilobiTi) teqstebis adekvaturad
gageba da Seqmna (teqstis struqturaSi garkveva da
mis nawilebs Soris kavSiris gaazreba); qarTuli eno-
briv-kulturuli TviTmyofadobisa da Rirebule-
bebis gacnoba, dafaseba da pativiscema; qarTuli
enis codnisa da unarebis Semdgomi gaRrmaveba da
gamdidreba damoukideblad (e.w. `swavlis swavli~
komponenti). am standartis dafarvis SemTxvevaSi,

332
misaRwevia zogadevropuli sistemis mixedviT gan-
sazRvruli kompetenciebi: leqsikuri maragis sin-
taqsuri da morfologiuri wesebis gamoyenebiT
gaazrebul gamoTqmebad gardaqmna da qarTuli enis
normebis Sesatyvisad agebuli konstruquciebis age-
ba (lingvisturi kompetencia); enobrivi formebis
situaciis (konteqstis - vin, visTan, sad, ris gamo,
ra mizniT amyarebs urTierTobas) Sesabamisad Ser-
Ceva da gamoyeneba (sociolingvisturi kompeten-
cia); zepiri da werilobiTi teqstis struqturaSi
garkveva da mis nawilebs Soris kavSiris gageba da
gaazreba (diskursuli kompetencia); mocemul so-
ciokulturul garemoSi (qarTuli erovnul-kul-
turuli specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT) Tavisuflad
orientireba: azris gamoTqmis, kamaTis, diskusiisa
da prezentaciis strategiebis daufleba da gamoy-
eneba (sociokulturuli kompetencia); mocemul so-
cialur garemoSi pirovnebis adekvaturi TviTgamox-
atvis uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebeli unarebis
daufleba da gamoyeneba (socialuri kompetencia);
verbaluri da araverbaluri saSualebebiT, enis
SezRudulad flobis pirobebSi, arsebuli xarvezis
gadafarva (strategiuli kompetencia).
qarTuli enis Seswavla mosaxleobis im naw-
ilisTvis, romlisTvisac saxelmwifo ena mSobliuri
ar aris, gulisxmobs sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis _
mosmenis, zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, weris _ integ-
rirebul ganviTarebas. ramdenadac meore enis swav-
lebis mTavari mizani gageba, Sinaarsis gadmocema da
azris gamoTqmaa, meore enis gramatikuli struq-
turisa da leqsikis codna TviTmizani ki ar unda

333
iyos, aramed swored sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis gan-
viTarebas unda emsaxurebodes. es rodi niSnavs, rom
meore enis swavlebaSi ugulebelyofilia lingvis-
turi kompetencia; sxva kompetenciebTan erTad
uTuod igulisxmeba isic da meore enis swavlebisas
mSobliuri enis swavlebisgan gansxvavebuli miznebi
aqvs [inasariZe, 2013: gv.7].
sakomunikacio miznebi davudeT safuZvlad
ucxouri proeqtebis farglebSi saxelmwifo enis
Semswavlel jgufebSi muSaobas. komunikaciuri kom-
petenciebis ganviTarebis CarCo Camoyalibda Zir-
iTadad arsebuli Teoriuli literaturidan. igi
gulisxmobs, rom komunikaciuri kompetencia moi-
cavs enis flobis gramatikuli, sociolingvistur
da strategiuli kompetenciebis minimums. gramati-
kuli kompetencia moicavs leqsikur marags, sityve-
bis formirebis wess, warmoTqmas/marTlweras da
winadadebebis Sedgenas. sociolingvisturi kompe-
tencia gulisxmobs konkretul socialur situaci-
aSi enis sworad da adekvaturad gamoyenebis unars,
xolo diskursuli kompetencia gulisxmobs ideebisa
da mosazrebebis logikurad da Tanmimdevrulad da-
lagebis unars [kuminsi da sveini, 2016: gv. 125-126].
komunikaciuri midgoma isea orientirebuli Semswav-
lelebze, rom maT SeZlon realur, cxovrebiseul
situaciebSi garkveva da urTierTobis damyareba.
komunikaciuri miznebiT meore enis Seswavla moiTx-
ovs misi sworad gamoyenebis codnasa da unarebs,
iseve rogorc lingvisturi formebis aspeqtebis
codnas da imis codnasac, Tu rogor arian isini
organizebuli [savilie-troike, 2016: gv.145]. komu-

334
nikaciuri swavlebisas yuradReba gadatanilia ar-
sis gagebasa da saTqmelis sworad gadmocemaze. enis
struqturisa da leqsikis Seswavlac swored swori
komunikaciis ganviTarebas emsaxureba. praqtikulma
gamocdilebam dagvanaxa, rom meore enis aTviseba-
Si mniSvnelovania enis Semswavlelis fonuri cod-
nis, genderuli faqtoris, motivaciis, aqtiuri da
pasiuri msmenelis gaTvaliswinebac, verbaluri da
araverbaluri meTodebis praqtikuli da miznobrivi
gamoyenebac.
Cveni mizani iyo saswavlo kursis msmenelebisT-
vis gveswavlebina qarTulis enis safuZvlebi _ qar-
Tulad wera, kiTxva, laparaki, minimum enaTa flobis
zogadevropuli kompetenciebis mixedviT A1 doneze,
raTa momavalSi SeeZloT: specifikuri qarTuli bge-
rebis sworad gadmocema metyvelebisas; yoveldRiur
cxovrebasa da profesiul saqmianobasTan dakavSire-
buli martivi teqstebis adekvaturad gageba; ZiriT-
adi gramatikuli cnebebisa da kategoriebis gacno-
biereba, rac gauadvilebs msmenels sworad werasa
da metyvelebas; mokle teqstis Sedgena martivi,
erTmaneTTan azrobrivad dakavSirebuli winadade-
bebiT; elementaruli komunikacia qarTul enaze;
leqsikuri maragis gaazrebul gamoTqmebad gardaqm-
na; martivi dokumentebis Sedgenis wesebi (werili,
reziume, gancxadeba).
qarTulis, rogorc ucxo enis, saxelmZR-
vaneloebad `,aRmarT~ da misi meToduri midgomebi
gamoviyeneT. saxelmZRvanelo Sedgeba ori wignis-
agan _ Teoriuli kursi da praqtikuli davalebe-
bi. naSromSi swavlebis tradiciul midgomebTan Se-

335
darebiT aris gaanalizebuli enis, rogorc ucxo
enis, swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodebi, uaxlesi Te-
oriebi da Camoyalibebulia axalbeda dargis _ qa-
rTulis, rogorc ucxo enis, swavlebis meTodikis
Teoria, romlis gasamyarebladac Sedgenilia sa-
varjiSoebis krebuli. igi gansazRvrulia qarTu-
lis, rogorc ucxo enis, maswavleblebisaTvis. `aRm-
arTis~ seriis saxelmZRvaneloebi Sedgenilia enis
flobis doneebis mixedviT. am seriis qarTuli enis
saxelmZRvaneloebi erTenovania. amiT isini gansxva-
vdebian aqamde arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebisagan.
TiToeuli kompleqti Sedgeba Semswavlelis wignis,
savarjiSoebis rveulisa da audiomasalisagan. yove-
li donisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia adaptirebuli
sakiTxavi literatura.
Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi mimdinare socio-
kulturul stereotipTa mniSvnelovani cvlile-
bebis Sesabamisad, logikuria miswrafeba swavlebisa
da swavlis axleburad orientirebuli meTodebi-
sken, romlebic meore enis aTvisebisa da dauflebis
tendenciebs Seesabameba da praqtikulad Rirebul
Sedegebsac mogvcems. swavlebis procesSi gaviT-
valiswineT saswavlo wignebis swavlebis meTodikis
avtorTa Sexeduleba imis Sesaxeb, rom ,,Tanamedrove
etapze upiratesoba ar eniWeba erT romelime meTods,
radgan ar arsebobs ucxo enis swavlebis universal-
uri meTodi, romelic SeiZleba miesadagebodes abso-
luturad yvela miznobriv jgufs. ama Tu im meTodis
warmateba damokidebulia iseT faqtorebze, ro-
gorebicaa Semswavlelis winare codna, kulturuli
gansxvaveba, gansxvavebebi mSobliursa da Sesaswavl

336
enas Soris (magaliTad, somxurenovan Semswavlels
ar gauWirdeba qarTul enaSi abruptivebis _ p, t, w,
W, k, y _ warmoTqma), Semswavlelis swavlis tradicia
(magaliTad: avtoritari maswavlebeli, gramatiku-
li wesebis dazepirebis tradicia da misT.). gansx-
vavebul meTodebs SeCveul Semswavlels SeiZleba
gauWirdes komunikaciuri midgomiT swavla, vinaidan
mas naklebad aqvs ganviTarebuli avtonomiuri swav-
lis unari. Tu Semswavlels pirveli ucxo ena erTi
meTodiT aqvs naswavli, is aucileblad ecdeba, swav-
lebis es meTodi gamoiyenos meore ucxo enis Ses-
wavlisas, xolo, Tu am ukanasknels radikalurad
gansxvavebuli meTodiT aswavlian, is aucileblad
dadgeba garkveuli problemebis winaSe meore ucxo
enis Seswavlis procesSi. saukeTeso gamosavali
aseT SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva meTodis monacvleoba
an erTmaneTTan SeTavsebaa~ [kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe
2013: gv. 4]. swavlebisas aqtiurad viyenebdiT Semdeg
meTodebsa da strategiebs: verbaluri/araverbal-
uri; kiTxva-pasuxi; gramatikul-mTargmnelobiTi;
komunikaciuri didaqtika; audiovizualuri; prez-
entacia verbaluri ganmartebebiT; dabalansebuli
swavleba; evristikuli meTodi; roluri da situ-
aciuri TamaSebi; weriTi savarjiSoebi; audio da
video masalis ganxilva; leqsikonze muSaoba; Ta-
namSromlobiTi swavleba; wyvilebSi da jgufurad
muSaoba; diskusia.
veTanxmebiT meToduri saxelmZRvanelos avto-
rebs imaSi, rom meTodebi mudmivad icvleba da erTi
cxadia, rom ar arsebobs yvelasTvis universaluri
meTodi, mTavari aris Semswavlelze orientireba

337
da, aqedan gamomdinare, swavlebis sxvadasxva meTo-
dis Tu maTi calkeuli elementebis modificireba,
Serwyma. ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba Semswav-
lelis avtonomiurobis gaRrmaveba, kognicia da
SemoqmedebiTi swavleba, axali mediebis gamoyeneba
swavlebis procesSi, qmedebaze orientireba ise, rom
Semswavlelma marTlac Tavisuflad SeZlos ucx-
oenovan garemoSi enobrivi `qmedeba~ da ar Semoi-
farglos gakveTilze realuri situaciis simulaci-
iT [kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe, 2013: gv. 5].
Cveni praqtikuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom
eqsplicisturi gramatikuli wesebis swavlebas aseT
auditoriaSi naklebi efeqti aqvs. amitomac vcdi-
lobdiT gagvezarda praqtikul gramatikul savar-
jiSoTa komunikaciuri datvirTva da yuradRebas
vamaxvilebdiT ZiriTad sametyvelo funqciebze.
arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba enis SemswavlelTa
mier imis gacnobierebas, rom gramatikuli formebi
aucilebelia komunikaciuri amocanis gadasaWrelad
da rom maTi gaazrebiT advilia am formebis gadatana
da gamoyeneba axal konteqstSi. komunikaciuri mid-
goma gramatikis swavlebisas aRiarebs swavlebis ko-
munikaciur meTods, romelic emyareba ara ubralod
winadadebis, aramed gamonaTqvamis doneze muSaobis
aucileblobas. swavlebis sawyis etapze mniSvnelo-
vania saurTierTobo metyvelebis elementaruli
Cvevebis floba. win wamoiwevs martivi winadadebebi-
sa da frazebis gamoyeneba, martivi SekiTxvis dasma
da pasuxis gacema, urTierTobis damyareba martiv,
tipur situaciebSi (misalmeba, damSvidobeba, gacno-
ba) da sxv. [inasariZe, 2013: gv. 2].

338
 sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyenebasTan erTad xSir-
ad gviwevda diferencirebuli midgoma erT jgufSi
myof sxvadasxva erovnebis studentebTan, radganac
sxvadasxva iyo maTi enobrivi kompetencia. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom maT gavlili hqondaT erTwliani sa-
ganmanaTleblo programa saxelmwifo enaSi da maTi
umetesoba aris universitetis bakalvriatis stu-
denti, maTi kompetencia aris dabali da sakomunika-
cio enis Seswavlis nebismieri interaqtiuri meTodi
emsaxureba araqarTulenovani axalgazrdebis mier
im barierebis gadalaxvaSi daxmarebas, rasac isini,
udavod, gadaawydebian TavianT pirad da karierul
ganviTarebaSi.

339
 literatura:

1. inasariZe, 2013: m. inasariZe, meTodikuri mi-

TiTebebi qarTulis rogorc meore enis maswav-
lebelTaTvis. http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=3707
2. kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe 2013: T. kiRuraZe, e. qu-
TaTelaZe, qarTulis, rogorc ucxo enis, swav-
lebis meTodika, Tb., 2013. http://www.geofl–.ge/#!/
page_metodichttp://geofl.ge/#!/page_saxelmdzvanelo
3. SavTvalaZe, SaraSeniZe, 2013: n. SavTvalaZe, n.
SaraSeniZe, aRmarTi A1 done, samuSao rveuli.
Tb., 2013 http://geofl.ge/#!/page_saxelmdzvanelo
4. kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe 2015: T. kiRuraZe, e. qu-
TaTelaZe, aRmarTi B1 done, saxelmZRvanelo.
Tb., 2015. http://geofl.ge/#!/page_teachersBookB1
5. kiRuraZe, quTaTelaZe 2015: T. kiRuraZe, e.
quTaTelaZe, aRmarTi B1 done, samuSao rveuli.
Tbilisi, 2015. http://geofl.ge/#!/page_teachersBookB1
6. kuminsi da sveini, 2016: jim kuminsi da meril
sveini, bilingvizmi ganaTlebaSi, Teoriis as-
peqtebi, kvleva da praqtika,Tb., 2016.
7. savilie - troike, 2016: muriel savilie - troi-
ke, Sesavali meore enis aTvisebaSi, Tb., 2016.

340
 Rusudan Pipia

Modern Paradigms of Teaching of Georgian

Language and Literature
Sample lessons successions are fully agreed with Nation-
al Educational programme and Broom`s taxonomy. The man
fundamental principles of National Educational programme
is orientated in the result and implicates pupils`effectiveness.
Educational process which is orientated in the result demands
the following principles: knowledge constructive plan, ex-
tending studying learnings, creation of positive environment;
motivate vising; pupil`s inclusion; individual and age pecu-
liarities must be considered; Pupilsmust work on new topics
by themselves. Those sample lessons are created because of
these aims.
The priority transparent competencies include the basic
knowledge and skills, the development of which facilitates
the teaching of all subjects compiled by the National Curric-
ulum with the development of specific competences.One of
the most important types of model classes is the method of
conducting a lesson oriented transparent competencies devel-
opment. The transparent competences are an integral part of
the National Curriculum.However, we must admit that the
introduction of teaching oriented on development of these
competences has some difficulties in schools.The purpose
of our survey was to find out how the teachers working at
schools are familiar with the method of conducting lessons
oriented on development of innovative and transparent com-
petencies, how much these methods are used in practice of
teaching-learning and what is the effect if they use it. In the
study we wanted to find out how much interest and the need
for these methods are in general educational institutions

341
(schools), at which level of instruction, and in which subject
these methods are used for conducting effective lesson. With-
in the scope of small research we can say that teachers are
familiar with the process of conducting lessons focused on the
development of innovative and transparent competencies.
The aim of problem orientated teaching is that pupils
must be shown tasks (assignments), problems to their teach-
ers. Those problems may be solved by various approaches, way
and they don’t have one right or wrong answer. Searching, al-
ternative choice, idea forming and development is important.
Learned material must be used. Information must be searched
by the pupils. Their own points of view must be available to
real life aims and demands. Their methods of teaching and
activities orientated towards pupils give us an opportunity to
develop analysis, synthesis, creative thinking, problem solv-
ing, decision making and creativity. It is very effective in the
process of learn by learning several ability methods develop-
ing, especially in Georgian language and literature teaching
because the given subject and creative approach gives us an
opportunity to develop in our pupils problem solving, abili-
ties with deep thinking.
Taking care of the continuous professional develop-
ment of teachers should start from the early stage of univer-
sity studies. As it is known, the knowledge obtained through
lectures and books about teaching theories cannot provide a
full understanding of the direct connection between theory
and practice. Theory and practice cannot be understood even
after the university graduation, if he/she does not know at
the beginning of the profession, that "continuous professional
development/education is a way through which people keep,
improve and expand their knowledge and skills in their jobs,
develop personal qualities necessary for their professional

342
work"(interconnecting educational structures in Europe).
Planned novelties in teachers' university preparation,
which will be implemented from 2018-2019 academic year,
have begun with the introduction of 300 credits Teacher
Preparation Integrated Bachelor-Master’s Education pro-
gram. The main aim of the implementation of this program is
preparation of pedagogical staff of modern requirements. The
program consists of several modules and includes 60 credits
school practice and practice research.
Implementation of the action research in the future
teachers’preparationprogram will give students an opportuni-
ty to learn observing their activities at the early stage and plan
and implement interventions as a result of made conclusions.
Such an approach to his/her own work will facilitate their
professional growth and development. Future teachers will
learn how to use an action study with other important com-
ponents of teaching.
According to 300 credits Teacher Preparation Integrat-
ed Bachelor-Master’s Education program teaching of Practice
Research aims at developing the basic research competence of
the teacher's professional activities for students. Within the
given course students will study: the role of research in the
educational system, school, educational activity and contin-
uous professional development; quantitative and qualitative
methods of research; planning of pedagogical research; data
collection methods (test, survey, interview, focus group, ob-
servation); at the next stage, students should be able to in-
terpret and use research results; implement the principles of
interventions and their evaluation based on the results of the
research.
In parallel to Practice Research Course, big part is devot-
ed to practicein new university programs. The practice is an

343
integral part of the educational program and is preceded by
the student's knowledge. Before the practice, the university
should be convinced that the student knows his rights and
responsibilities, for which it teaches safety rules and ethical
norms; achieving learning outcomes/competences; keeping
journals and preparing reports;practice assessment criteria.
The teaching of analysis of extensive theoretical and
school situations in practice research ensures that a young
teacher going to a school in the future will be able to collect
relevant data for the field of practice research, analysis of data
and situations; makewell-grounded conclusions using stan-
dard and some outstanding methods; develop argumentative
proposals and opinions to solve the problem existing in school
space.
As we can see, teaching of practice research in the Bach-
elor-Master program is associated with significant challenges,
as it is a special type of researchthat is compared to a journey
full of actions, reflections and criticism (Louise Hall, Jean M.
Arhari, Wendy S. Castan). Teaching of Practice Research will
facilitate the preparation of the staff ready to enter a teacher's
profession, who along with theoretical knowledge, will have
the practical skills of an excellent teacher, and will be able to
develop an individualt plan of professional development for
continuous professional growth.
The present thesis represents the finished work, where
on the base of relevant literature familiarization and review is
shown understanding of artistic text and self-expression level
on the basic level of modern schools. In this thesis is learned
those new methods and techniques of pedagogics, that still
isn’t well ingrained in our educational system and their ac-
tive use and refine is very important, for that Georgian pupils
were able to perceive and understand literary monuments

344
correctly. With theoretical material, which is widely avail-
able in this issue, we have conducted our research and its re-
sults, that clearly shows the importance of properly chosen
method by the teachers during studying period for learners
motivation and activation.
It is often said that language is a living body and it needs
care, it is our target and that is why we gave some modest
advice in the conclusion of the thesis, with consideration of
obtained and studied material; we think that it is somewhat
useful to teachers and pupils.
It has become a requirement of modernity and the prob-
lem for students of all ages during the direct perception of
~The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” to show that this is artis-
tically valuable novel, which is multi-planned, big and rich
with implications. According to modern literal nature, con-
tradictory realistic faces, in the background of life conflicts
transited in the literature, ~The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”
is readable straightly and therefore schematic. It is difficult
for the children to come out from this framework with their
own initiative and to read poem’s ideal-artistic nature in the
aspects of history. For this reason, any new vision and new
approaches of teaching, which are based on the interactive
methods, are interesting for the specialists who are interested
in teaching artistic contexts.
The second half of the nineteenth century in the reality
of Georgia was the period, when Georgian thinkers intended
to act in various fields for the benefit of their country and
there are no any problematic issues left without their ben-
eficial influence. It is well known fact that the country that
time faced a hard condition. This was the very period, when
the country took up essence of ~public” by ~private” and we
consider useful for the country only that is necessary for us.

345
Uppermost objective of conqueror is to degenerate and de-
grade the country. Society with personal mercantile mental-
ity, not recognizing their combatant is better for them than
the education thinking for the future. That is why, literature
and its best representatives had undertaken care of nation-
al self-awareness of Georgian nation. Akaki Tsereteli used to
follow the interests of country together with his co-thinkers
and implemented many practical activities: theatrical enter-
prise, book and newspaper publishing, discovery of silver and
oil deposits and others. One of the cardinal issues found in
Akaki’s consideration is related to the problem of education.
Great Georgian figures used to feel necessity and advantage of
the education and preached it in the country: Ilia Chavcha-
vadze, Akaki Tsereteli, Dimitri Kipiani, Niko Nikoladze, Ia-
kob Gogebashvili, Vazha-Pshavela, and others. Many signif-
icant ideas on the forms of youth education, types of schools
and perfection of text-books, methodology of study and oth-
ers are expressed in their writings. Akaki Tsereteli is worthily
mentioned among great teachers in the history of Georgian
pedagogics. The poet had a special relation with the leader of
Georgian pedagogical mentality and cultural and educational
life, with great Iakob Gogebashvili. Akaki Tsereteli used to
pay major importance on the care for his country’s future and
its management to appropriate direction, when the most im-
portant for him was Iakob Gogebashvili’s merit. ~If my death
awakens my homeland, now I am also ready” – used to say
Akaki. ~My life, entire my powers and knowledge belongs to
my homeland” – used to note Iakob. They themselves used
to give clear example of true love of homeland and devotion.
They suffered from severe fate of their country. Both Iakob
and Akaki considered struggle for the survival of Georgian
language a rich and reliable treasure of nation as their person-

346
al mission.
Akaki Tsereteli’s versatile activity were reflected in his
op-ed articles. Many problematic issues on the education and
upbringing of youth are especially found in his consideration.
Great writer used to carefully study problems of upbringing,
he was in-depth interested in this activity as it was essential
for his homeland and Georgian nation. From 60s to the final
days of his death Akaki used to lead pedagogical movement of
our country.
Development of inclusive education is a complex and
versatile process that involves the involvement of social and
human resources and the radical transformation of the mod-
ern system of education, besides scientific and methodologi-
cal resources.
If we want to be an integral part of modern tolerant val-
ues and culture, all the children should be given equal op-
portunities for learning and development.Inclusive education
implies the involvement of children with special needs in the
educational process with peers, for which future specialists of
such children are required to know all educational needs in
his pupils and the ways for their satisfaction, to adapt them
to individual student's interests and abilities, as well as all the
additional activities, which are necessary to achieve the na-
tional curriculum objectives.
Inclusive education is an important challenge to Geor-
gian education policy. Sokhumi State University has run
accredited Bachelor’s Program in Inclusive Education since
2012, where a large space is dedicated to preparing students
in the school auditorium to create an inclusive learning en-
vironment and to implement new teaching methodologies.
Teaching methods and specific needs of speech development
are the main goals of our subject syllabus.

347
 The teaching of methodological subject facilitates the
development of undergraduate program goals to the future
specialists to give an international standard of knowledge
considering local demands and needs.The undergraduate pro-
gram of inclusive education in Sokhumi State University is
designed to train specialists who provide uniform learning
outcomes for all students and facilitate an access to education
for all children.
Our research concerns the specificities of teaching ac-
tivities of speech development programin the undergraduate
program of inclusive education, in the framework of the Na-
tional Curriculum, to generalize the methodical knowledge of
the school space and use in practice.This work is based on our
5-year experience in the study of teaching skills for under-
graduate program students. The study showed that students
can use theoretical knowledge in practice and work successful
in the areas of employment provided by the program.
Creating a continuous development oriented society is
greatly dependent on the creative and research-based study
activities of the teacher. The subsequent professional devel-
opment depends on the activity of the teacher and the indi-
vidual style. The future teacher is theoretically and somehow
practically well to understand the uniqueness of the study
process and its use in the class, taking into consideration the
principles of universal design. The uniqueness of the educa-
tional process planned by the Universal Design Principles is
that the study material, content and method is accessible to
the learner by using modes, in accordance with various re-
sources. Correctly selected activities that are tailored to each
student will facilitate teacher in the courseof the task. It is
necessary to use different activities in the process of teaching,
as it positively affects both the learning process and at the lev-

348
el of learners' students. Learning is more interesting and fun,
students are more involved in the course of learning, more
attention is concentrated, focusing on the topic. Teachers also
take into consideration the possibilities and attitudes of each
student in the selection process, as each student has different
possibilities
In Georgia within the program of preparation teachers,
multicultural education as an academic subject is implement-
ing now. For the implementing of educational principles the
role of teacher is crucial. Therefore, a special attention should
be paid to their training. In the Sokhumi state university at
the faculty of education, in the bachelor program of teacher’s
education piloting multicultural education course is an at-
tempt to instill future teachers to be able to analyze their own
cultural identity and prepare for the with diverse audiences.
Georgia is a multinational and multicultural country;
schools and policy oriented to the needs of citizens with dif-
ferent ethnic origins play a significant role in the process of
integration of minorities.
Every pupil at school should be provided with equal de-
velopment opportunities and every pupil's cultural features
should be acceptable to everyone. The aim of the current edu-
cational reform in Georgia is using a real experience to cultur-
al differences in order to strengthen the intercultural aware-
ness. The teacher, as the main initiator of changes, is obliged
to provide students with an open learning environment and
to promote participation of cultures accordance with demo-
cratic principles.
Today, in the era of growing development and strength-
ening of intercultural communication, the special attention is
paid to national literature, as the reception of original models
of thinking, taking them out of the cultural isolation and in-

349
volving in large-scale intercultural dialogue. The exception
of course, is not Georgian literature .
Exactly in multicultural classes in the teaching process
of literature pupils must develop basic social skills. Tolerance,
respect of others, the values ​​of freedom, aspiration are values
which are connected to constant analysis, reflection, work .
According to modern theories of learning, it is important to
generate skills of perception of the world with other person's
eyes, which, contributes to pupils' social development. It is
necessary to use appropriate strategies of reading for achiev-
ing this goal. While discussing literary we should talk about
complex and sometimes contradictory motives of characters.
Students should highlight not only the behavior of the char-
acter's artistic work, but also the feelings, thoughts, emotions,
gestures and even mimics. They should see not only the rep-
resentative of the epoch, but live, real people.
The process of integrated teaching of literature learning
in multicultural classes should promote development of each
student’s unique, individual and creative potential.
Creation of standard of Georgian as a foreign language
has a strategic importance and it really is a great state event.
It is also important for the linguistic education system, as it
defines the purpose of teaching - teaching strategy and tactics.
In addition, it will ensure the unification of the learning pro-
cess and will facilitate the development of skills needed for
everyday and business relationships. The objective of teach-
ing the state language at the university level is to promote
a full-fledged citizen who will be able to integrate into civil
society and contribute to its development.
The work deals with the work of the state language in
groups within the framework of the international project,
based on the communication objectives and the teaching of

350
the state language for non-Georgian students of Sokhumi State
University. Communicative competence includes a minimum
of grammatical, sociolinguistic and strategic competences of
language acquisition. Grammatical competence includes lexi-
cal supplies, formation rules of words, pronunciation/spelling
and making up sentences. Sociolinguistic competence implies
the ability to use the language correctly and adequately in a
specific social situation, while the discourse competence im-
plies the logical and consistent sorting of ideas and opinions.
Although there is no universal method for everyone,
the main is orientation on the learner and, therefore, mod-
ifying the different methods of teaching and their individu-
al elements, merging students' needs. Along with the use of
various methods, we often had a differentiated approach to
the students of the same nationality in one group, because
their linguistic competence was different.Although they had
passed a one-year educational program in the state language
and most of them are the university's Bachelor students, their
competence is low and any interactive method of learning the
communicative language serves to help these young people
overcome the barriers they undoubtedly will encounter in ca-
reer and personal development.

351