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Repair and Rehabilitation of Cracks in Concrete Structures
Repair and Rehabilitation of Cracks in Concrete Structures
OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE
STRUCTURES – A STUDY
ABSTRACT
Intrinsic cracks
Flexural and shear cracks
Temperature cracks
Manufacturing and shipment cracks
Structural and Non-Structural cracks
Torsion cracks
Tensile cracks
Compression cracks
Diagonal cracks
CLASSIFICATION OF CRACKS
Classification of cracks based on their width.
Structural cracks
Cracks due to Shrinkage
Cracks due to Foundation settlement
Construction Cracks
Cracks due to Quality of materials
Cracks due to construction error
Natural Cracks
Cracks due to Vegetation
Cracks due to Earth Quake
Cracks due to Dampers
CRACKS DUE TO SHRINKAGE :-
EFFECTS OF SHRINKAGE:-
Vertical Cracks around balconies
Diagonal Cracks over RCC lintel’s sparrey large
openings. This is due to shrinkage of concrete
Very fine Cracks of map pattern known as
Crazing on concrete
REMEDIAL MEASURES :-
Shrinkage Cracks in masonry could be minimized
by avoiding are of rich cement mortar in masonry.
To reduce the Cracking tendency due to
shrinkage, using adequate and properly
positioned reinforcement, and using control joints.
CRACKS DUE TO FOUNDATION
SETTLEMENT
EFFECTS :-
When using poor quality cement the strength and
durability of the plastering in affected.
The cement used in mortar shrinking occur due to
temperature which causes Cracks in walls
REMEDIAL MEASURE :-
During construction, the sand having no impellers
live mud, clay, salt and shed chips reduce the
Crack in building.
Water due from salt and other chemical reducer
the Crack.
CRACKS DUE TO VEGETATION :-
Effects :-
Existence of vegetation, such as fast growing
tress in the compound walls some time causes
the cracks in the walls due to expansive action of
roots growing under the foundation
Remedial Measures :-
Fast growing frees should not be planted near the
compound wall.
If old trees exist done to an old building there
threes should not be removed all at once
operation. The removal of trees should be done in
stages.
MATERIALS FOR REPAIR AND
REHABILITATION
WATER PROOFERS
These chemicals are added to concrete or mortar at the
time of preparation to make the structure waterproof .
They react with the lime contained cement to form
inorganic salts which block the pores and capillaries thereby
reducing moisture penetration
The water proofers may be obtained in powder or liquid
form and consist of pore filling or water repellent materials.
Materials in water repellant class are soda and potash
soaps to which lime, alkaline and silicate are sometimes
added.
Chemically inactive materials in the water repellant class
are calcium soaps, resins, vegetable oils, fats, waxes,
bitumen and coal tar.
CORROSION INHIBITING CHEMICALS
corrosion inhibiting chemicals – They resist
corrosion of reinforcement. Generally alkalinity of
concrete in adequate protection for steel.
However in adverse environment sodium
benzoate, calcium lingo sulphonate and sodium
nitrate have shown good results
ANTIFUNGUS ADMIXTURES
Antifungus admixtures – These are added to
control and inhibit growth of bacteria or fungus in
surfaces expressed to moisture Polyhalogenated
phenol, Dieldrin emulsion and copper compounds
are some of the chemicals used for this.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
Precautions to be followed
Stitching the crack will tend to cause its migration
else where in the structure. For this reason
strengthening the adjacent areas of cracks have to
be made to take care of additional stresses. More
over the stitching dogs should be of variable length,
orientage and so located that the tension transmitted
across the crack does not devolve on a single plane
of the section but is spread over an area.
Strengthening of the adjacent sections of concrete
may consist of external reinforcement embedded in
a suitable overlay material.
Where there is a (leakage of ) water problem, the
crack should be sealed as well as stitched so that
stitches are not corroded
Grouting