Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter (10)
CULTURE
ယ က မ
CONTENTS
Chapter 10 Pages
Culture
Key Terms 16
Questions 17
Example Answer 17
2
Chapter (10)
CULTURE
ယ က မ
ဘန က က င မ က မသစ င ဆ က လရသည။ (သ သ မ က မ ရ ဘန က
က င မ မ ခတမ ဆ ကလပ ရ ပစည မ ပမသ စဟနတသည)
Almost every Myanmar home has a shine with one or more images of the
Buddha. Often these images are placed on beautiful carved and gilt wooden thrones.
Sometimes these thrones are lacquered or decorated with glass and mirror inlay. Gilt
with glass inlay, known as hman-si-shwe-cha, is a well-known decorative art. Some
of the prayer pavilion of the Shwedagon show fine examples of this kind of work.
Images of the Buddha may be made of wood, marble or bronze. Some of the best
images come from Mandalay and the surrounding distracts.
မနမ လမ တ၏ အမတင န ပ တင ဘရ ဆင တ တ တစဆ သမဟတ တစဆ
မက သ ဆင တ တ မ က ဘ ရ စင ပ တင ပ ဇ ထ ရသည။ အဆပ ဆင တ တ
မ က လပသပရပစ ထင ထထ သ ရခ ထ သညသစသ ပလငမ ပ တင ပ ဇ
ထ လရသည။ တခ တရ အဆပ ပလငမ က အ ရ ငတငဆသတ ခင (သမဟတ)
ဖနထညမနထညတ ဖင ဒဇင ဖ ခယသထ လရသည။ မနထတင ရ မ ပသင စ ခယ
ခင က မနစ ရခ ခင ဟလသမ ပ အလအပတနဆ ဆင သ အတတပည ဟ
က က သည။ ရတဂဘရ ပ ရ အ ခတန ဆ င အခ သည အဆပ အတတပည ၏
က င မန သ သ ဓကမ ဖစ က င ဖ ပ နသည။ ဗဒဆင တ တ မ အ သစ၊
စက င က က (သမဟတ) က တ ဖငထင ထသန လပ ငသည။ လကရ အ က င ဆ
ဆင တ တ အခ မ မ လ ငအန ပတဝန က င ဒသမ မ ထက ပ သည။
Lacquerware is one of the most popular Myanmar crafts. There are several
types of decorated lacquerware. The most common are incised lacquerware, gold-leaf
lacquerware and relief moulded lacquerware. In the recent years, large hswun-oak,
offering meal containers, tables and screens are made as decorative things to be placed
in hotels and government residential buildings and parliamentary buildings, but these
can be very expensive.
ယန ထညသည အထငရ ဆ မနမ မလကရ မ အနကတစခအပ အဝင ဖစသည။
အလဆငထ သ ယန ထညပစည အမ မ ရသည။ အမ စမ ထင ထထ သ
ယန ထည၊ ရမ ကပ ယန ထည၊ ဖ င ကပသင ယန ထညတ ဖစသည။ မ မ က မအခ န
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10.6 Cuisine
ခ က ပ တနည
An important part of Myanmar life is food. Both Myanmar men and women
take a lively interest in cooking. The basic item of a Burmese meal is usually rice,
take with westerners would describe as a "curry". However, Myanmar "curries" are
not quite the same as the better known Indian ones. The Myanmar uses less spices but
more garlic and ginger. Fish products are an important part of Myanmar cooking.
Fish sauce and dried shrimps and Ngapi, a paste of preserved fish, are used for
flavouring. Meat is not eaten in large quantities. A great variety of vegetables is a
available all the year round and Myanmar cooking makes full use of them.
အစ အစ ဆသညမ မနမ လမ တ၏အ ရ ပ သ ဘဝအစတအပင တစရပ ဖစ
သည။ မနမ အမ သ အမ သမ တသည အခ ကအ ပ တတင လကလကလလ စတဝငစ
မရသည။ မနမ လမ တ အ မလလစ သ လရ သ အ ခခ စ ကနမ ထမင ဖစ ပ
ခ ခ မစ မစမသ သ အ န ကတင သ မ ကမ "မဆလ ဟင " ဟ ဖ ပလမမည။
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10.7 Costumes
ဝတစ ဆငယငပ
Both the Myanmar men and women wear the longyi or htami, a long tube of
cloth which they wrap around themselves and tuck in at the waist. Men wear western-
style shirts with their longyi and women wear shot and fitted clothes. Young girls
have now taken to wearing western-style blouses and T-shirts and young boys wearing
trousers and T-shirts. For formal occasions, men wear collarless shirts and Taikpon, a
traditional short jackets and a gaungbaung (a kind of turban). Traditionally, both men
and women kept their very long. Men started to cut their hair soon after British rule
was established in the country. Women have continued to keep their hair long, but in
the recent years it has become fashionable for girls to adopt short, westernized hair-
styles.
မနမ အမ သ ၊ အမ သမ တ ဝတဆင က သ လခ ည (သမဟတ) ထမ ဆသည
မ ကင စ ၂ ဘကပ အထညတက ခ တငပတ၍ အစထ ဝတဆင ခင ဖစသည။ အမ သ
မ သည အ န ကတင ပစရပအက မ က လခ ည ငတဘကဝတဆငသလ အမ သမ မ
မ တ ပ ကယတင င လ ညသည အဝတအထညမ ဝတဆင ကသည။ မ က မ က ခတ
မနမ အမ သမ ငယ လ မ သည အ န ကတင ပစ ဘ လ ကစအက င တရပမ က
ဝတဆငလ ကသလ ယ က လ မ သညလည ဘ င ဘရည၊ တရပတက ဝတဆင
လ ကသည။ ပမနပတကအခမ အန မ တင အမ သ မ သည က လကတ ၊ တကပ
င ခ င ပ င တက ဝတဆင ကသည။ ရ အစ အလ အ ဖင မနမ အမ သ ၊
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Key Terms
hman-si-shwe-cha - မနစ ရခ (မနထတင
(gilt with glass inlay) ရ မ ပသင စ ခယ ခင )
hswun-oak - ဆမ အပ
Questions
1. Describe the significant role of Buddhism among the majority people in
Myanmar.
2. Examine the popularity of Myanmar musical instruments.
3. Elaborate the kinds of traditional festivals which are based on the religious
beliefs.
Example Answer
1. Explain the decoration of Myanmar crafts such as lacquerware and
silverware.
Lacquerware is one of the most popular Myanmar crafts. There are several
types of decorated lacquerware. The most common are incised lacquerware, gold-leaf
lacquerware and relief moulded lacquerware. In the recent years, large hswun-oak,
offering meal containers, tables and screens are made as decorative things to be placed
in hotels and government residential buildings and parliamentary buildings, but these
can be very expensive. The Myanmar is skilled silversmiths. The most frequently
used items of silverware are the bowls. The slightly pot-bellied shape of traditional
Myanmar bowl has in many different sizes. Many of these bowls are embossed with
scenes from Buddhist stories or from traditional Myanmar court life.