Professional Documents
Culture Documents
اكثر من مائة مثال حول المتسعات فيزياء سادس علمي للاستاذ سعيد محي تومان PDF
اكثر من مائة مثال حول المتسعات فيزياء سادس علمي للاستاذ سعيد محي تومان PDF
Q 400
=C = = 20µF
∆V 20
ﻣﺜﺎل /5اذا ﻛ ﺎن ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ 80µCوﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 5µFواﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ
ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 4000V/mﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Q Q 80
=C ⇒ = ∆V = = 16V
∆V C 5
∆V ∆V 16
=E ⇒ =d = = 4 × 10 −3 m = 0.4cm
d E 4000
ﻣﺜﺎل /6ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘ ﻮازﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ) (5mmوﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ) (1mﻓ ﺎذا وﺿ ﻌﺖ
2
اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮاغ وﺷﺤﻨﺘﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ) (2×10 4 Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-2ﺷﺤﻨﺔ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ -1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ
اﻟﺤﻞ/
εA 8.85 × 10 × 1
−12
١
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /7اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤ ﻗﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 100µCوﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ
ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ 20V؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1
PE = ∆V. Q = × 20 × 100 × 10 −6 = 10 −3 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /8اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2μFوﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ
. 500V
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1
PE = C.(∆V ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (500) 2 = 0.25J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /9اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 20µFواﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 4×10-3Jاذا
ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ . 0.2cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1
PE = C.(∆V ) 2 ⇒ 4 × 10 −3 = × 20 × 10 −6 (∆V ) 2
2 2
4 × 10 −3
)4 × 10 = 10 × 10 (∆V
−3 −6 2
⇒ = ) (∆V
2
= 400 ⇒ ∆V = 20V
10 × 10 −6
∆V 20
=E = = 10000 V / m
d 0.2 × 10 − 2
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /10اذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ 6000V/mواﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ 0.1cm
واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ 72×10-5Jاﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
∆V ∆V
=E = ⇒ 6000 ⇒ ∆V = 6000 × 10 −3 = 6V
d 0.1 × 10 −2
٢
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /12ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (10µFﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ 12V
ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 2ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻸ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﺣﺴﺐ:
-1اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
-٢ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ.
-٣ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Q =C.∆V =10×12=120µC
2- Ck =k C =2×10 =20µF
∆V 12
= 3- ∆Vk = = 6V
k 2
Q 120
= Or ∆Vk = k = 6V
Ck 20
ﻣﺜﺎل /13ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 5µFﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ 60µCﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل
ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 2ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل .
-2اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ck=k C =2 × 5=10µF
Q 60
= ∆Vk = k = 6V
Ck 10
or
Q 60
= ∆V = = 12V
C 5
∆V 12
= ∴ ∆Vk = = 6V
k 2
1 1
2- PE = ∆V. Q = × 12 × 60 × 10 − 6 = 360 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −5 J
2 2
1 1
PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 6 × 60 × 10 −6 = 180 × 10 −6 = 18 × 10 −5 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /14ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 12µFوﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 600µcوﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ
ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 5ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ 10000V/mاﺣﺴﺐ:
-1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-2اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ck=k C =5 × 12 =60µF
Q 600
= 2- ∆Vk = k = 10V
Ck 60
∆Vk 10
= Ek = ⇒ 10000 ⇒ d=0.001m=0.1cm
d d
٣
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /15ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 20µFﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ 6Vﺛ ﻢ
ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻻزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 60µFﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮح اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-2اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻞ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-3اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-4اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ .0.5cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C 60
= 1- k = k =3
C 20
2- Qk = Ck . ∆Vk = 60×6=360µC
or Q = C .∆V =20 × 6 =120µC
Qk = k Q = 3 × 120 = 360µC
1 1
3- PE = ∆V. Q = × 6 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 360 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −5 J
2 2
1 1
PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 6 × 360 × 10 −6 = 1080 × 10 −6 = 108 × 10 −5 J
2 2
or PE k = kPE = 3 × 36 × 10 −5 = 108 × 10 −5 J
∆Vk 6
= 4- E k = = 1200 V / m
d 0.5 × 10 − 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /16ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ 20Vﻓﺎذا ادﺧﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل
ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 4واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻻ زاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 400µCاﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-2ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-3ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Qk 400
= 1- C k = = 20µF
∆Vk 20
C 20
⇒ C k = kC = C= k = 5µF
k 4
2- Q = C.∆V =5 × 20 =100µC
Or Qk = k Q ⇒ 400 =4Q ⇒ Q =100µC
1 1
3- PE = ∆V. Q = × 20 × 100 × 10 −6 = 10 −3 J
2 2
1 1
PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 20 × 400 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −3 J
2 2
∴ ∆PE = PE k − PE = 4 × 10 −3 − 10 −3 = 3 × 10 −3 J
٤
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /17رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه 20Vﺛﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ 4ﻓﺄﺻ ﺒﺤﺖ
اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ 32×10-4Jاﺣﺴﺐ:
-1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-2اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ .0.1cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1
1- PE k = C k .(∆VK ) 2 ⇒ 32 × 10 − 4 = C k (20) 2 ⇒ 64 × 10 −4 = 400C k
2 2
64 × 10 −4
ﻣﺜﺎل /18ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 300µcوﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ
اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ 5ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ 0.003Jاﺣﺴﺐ:
-1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-2اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ .0.2cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 Qk 2
) (300 × 10
−6 2
1 1
= PE ∆V. Q = × 40 × 400 × 10 −6 = 8000 × 10 −6 = 8 × 10 −3 J
2 2
1 1
PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 40 × 800 × 10 −6 = 16000 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −3 J
2 2
or PEk=kPE =2×8×10-3=16×10-3J
٥
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /20ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 12µFاﻟﮭﻮاء ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ 10Vﺛﻢ
ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ 5ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-3ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل. -2ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل.
-4اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Q =C . ∆V=12 × 10=120µC
Qاﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ
Qk = Q =120µC
2- Ck =kC=5 × 12=60µF
Qk 120
3- = ∆Vk = = 2V
Ck 60
1 1
= 4- PE = ∆V.Q × 10 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 6 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
1 1
PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 2 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 12 × 10 −5 J
2 2
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /21ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 20µFﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﻣﻔ ﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر وﻛ ﺎن ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ
، 600µCادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار 40µFاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ.
-٢اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ .0.2cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ck=C + ∆C =20 + 40=60µF
C 60
= k= k =3
C 20
Q 600
= 2- ∆Vk = k = 10V
Ck 60
∆Vk 10
= Ek = = 5000V / m
d 0.2 × 10 − 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /22ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻃ ﻮل ﺿ ﻠﻊ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭ ﺎ 5cmوﯾﻔ ﺼﻞ
ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ 5pFﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار :
-١اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ .
-2اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻂ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره 12Vﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ان ﺳﻤﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاغ
اﻟﺤﻞ/
-2 -4 2
1- A=(5×10 ) =25 ×10 m
εοA 8.85 × 10 −12 × 25 × 10 −4
=C = ⇒ 5 × 10 −12
d d
8.85 × 25 × 10 × 10
−12 −4
1 1
3- PE k = ∆V.Q k = × 100 × 221.25 × 10 −11 = 11062.5 × 10 −11 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /24ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (1μF , 4μFﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺈذا ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﺎ ﺣﺘ ﻰ أﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ 120V
اﺣﺴﺐ :
-2اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ . -1ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =120V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =1 × 120=120µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 120 =480µC
Ceq = C1 + C2 =1 + 4 =5µF
ﻣﺜﺎل /25رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=2µF , C2=5µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺑـ ). (280µC
اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ.
-2اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 5=7µF
Q 280
= ∆VT = T = 40V
C eq 7
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT =∆V1 = ∆V2 =40V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 40 = 80µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 40 =200µC
1 1
2- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 40 × 80 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 40 × 200 × 10 − 6 = 4 × 10 −3 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /26ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (3µF,5µFﻣﻮﺻﻠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 12Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ -2ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ -3ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ceq=C1 + C2 =3 + 5 =8µF
2- ∆V1 = ∆V2 = ∆VT =12V )ﺗﻮازي(
3- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 12 =36µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 12 =60µC
QT =Q1 + Q2 =36 + 60 =96µC
or
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =8 × 12 =96µC
٧
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /27رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=2µF , C2=5µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ) (96µCﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ؟
-2اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ .0.4cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Q 96
= 1- ∆V1 = 1 = 48V
C1 2
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆V2 = ∆V1 =48V
Q2=C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 48 =240µC
∆V1 48
= 2- E 1 = = 12000 V / m
d 0.4 × 10 − 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /28ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (4µF,6µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ 120µCاﺣﺴﺐ :
-2اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ. -1ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ
-3اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 6=10µF
Q 120
= ∆VT = T = 12V
C eq 10
∆V1 = ∆V2 = ∆VT =12V )ﺗﻮازي(
2- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 12 =48µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 12=72µC
1 1
3- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 12 × 48 × 10 − 6 = 288 × 10 − 6 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 12 × 72 × 10 −6 = 432 × 10 −6 J
2 2
PE T = PE 1 + PE 2 = 288 × 10 −6 + 432 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J
or
1 1
PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 12 × 120 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /29ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (5µF,10µFﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ
200µCاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ.
-2اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ .0.5cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =5 + 10 =15µF
Q 200
= ∆V1 = 1 = 40V
C1 5
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆V1=∆V2=∆VT=40V
Q2 =C2 . ∆V2=10 × 40=400µC
QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 400 =600µC
∆V1 40
= 2- E 1 = = 8000V / m
d 0.5 × 10 − 2
٨
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /30ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1,20µFﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ 30µFواﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ
ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ) 5000V/m (C1واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 0.4cmاﺣﺴﺐ :
-3اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ -2ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ -١ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ).(C1
-4اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
⇒ 1- Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 30 = C1 + 20 C1 = 30 − 20 = 10µF
∆V1 ∆V1
= 2- E 1 ⇒ = 5000 ⇒ ∆V1 = 5000 × 4 × 10 −3 = 20V
d 0.4 × 10 −2
٩
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /33ارﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ) (Cوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ
ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﺔ 30Vﻓﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ 240µCﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
QT 240
= C eq = = 8µF
∆VT 30
Ceq =nC ⇒ 8=4C ⇒ C=2µF
Q1=C1.∆V1=2 × 30=60µC , Q2=C2.∆V2=2 × 30 =60µC
Q3=C3.∆V3=2 × 30=60µC , Q4=C4.∆V4=2 × 30 =60µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /34ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (3µF,6µFﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ 60Vاﺣﺴﺐ:
-3ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ. -2اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ -1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + ⇒ = + ⇒ = = =
C eq C1 C2 C eq 3 6 C eq 6 6 2
∴ Ceq=2µF
2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 60=120µC
QT = Q1 = Q2 =120µC )ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(
Q 120 Q 120
= 3- ∆V1 = 1 = = 40V , ∆V2 = 2 = 20V
C1 3 C2 6
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /35ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (12µF,6µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ
ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ 60µCاﺣﺴﺐ :
-٢ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ. -1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
-٣اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
1- = + ⇒ = + ⇒ = = =
C eq C1 C2 C eq 12 6 C eq 12 12 4
∴ Ceq=4µF
Q 60 Q 60
= 2- ∆V1 = 1 = = 5V , ∆V2 = 2 = 10V
C1 12 C2 6
∆VT =∆V1 + ∆V2 =5 + 10=15V
1 1
3- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 5 × 60 × 10 −6 = 150 × 10 −6 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 10 × 60 × 10 −6 = 300 × 10 −6 J
2 2
PET =PE1 + PE2 =150×10-6 + 300×10-6 =450×10-6J
١٠
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /36رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (6μF , 3μFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ 200μCاﺣﺴﺐ :
-3ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ -2ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ -1ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ
-5اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ -4اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C1 .C 2 6 × 3 18
= 1- C eq = = = 2µF
C1 + C 2 6+3 9
Q 200
= ∆Vtotal = total = 100 V
C eq 2
ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ
2- Q1 = Q2 = Qtotal =200μC
Q 200 100 Q 200
= 3- ∆V1 = = = V , ∆V2 = V
C1 6 3 C2 3
1 1 100 1
× 4- PE (1) = Q × ∆V1 = × 200 × 10 −6 = × 10 − 2 J
2 2 3 3
1 1 200 2
× PE ( 2 ) = Q × ∆V2 = × 200 × 10 −6 = × 10 − 2 J
2 2 3 3
1 1
PE total = Q × ∆Vtotal = × 200 × 10 −6 × 100 = 0.01J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /37رﺑﻄﺖ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ ) (C1=2μF , C2=3μF , C3=6μFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ
ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 120Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ -٢ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ -3 .اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 + 2 +1 6
1- = + + = + + = = = 1µF ⇒ Ceq=1µF
C eq C1 C2 C3 2 3 6 6 6
2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =1 × 120 = 120µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =120µC
Q 120 Q 120 Q 120
= ∆V = 1 = = 60V , ∆V2 = 2 = = 40V , ∆V3 = 3 = 20V
C1 2 C2 3 C3 6
1 1
PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 120 × 120 × 10 −6 = 72 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /38رﺑﻄﺖ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ ) (C1=12μF , C2=36μF , C3=18μFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 30Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-٢ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ. -1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ
-3اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 0.2cm؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 +1+ 2 6 1
1- = + + = + + = = = µF ⇒ Ceq=6µF
C eq C1 C2 C3 12 36 18 36 36 6
2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 30 = 180µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =180µC
Q 180 Q 180 Q 180
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 15V , ∆V2 = 2 = = 5V , ∆V3 = 3 = 10V
C1 12 C2 36 C3 18
١١
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
∆V3 10
= E3 = = 5000V / m
d 0.2 × 10 −3
ﻣﺜﺎل /39اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1,24µFﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ 6µF
واﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ 5000V/mواﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ 0.3cmاﺣﺴﺐ :
-2ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ. -١ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ . C1
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1- = + ⇒ = + ⇒ = −
C eq C1 C2 6 C1 24 C1 6 24
1 4 −1 3 1
= = = ⇒ C1=8µF
C1 24 24 8
∆V1 ∆V1
= 2- E 1 ⇒ = 5000 ⇒ ∆V1 = 5000 × 3 × 10 −3 = 15V
d 0.3 × 10 −2
١٣
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /44رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=4µF , C2=2µFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر وﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ
ﻓﻈﮭ ﺮ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ) (40Vﺛ ﻢ ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺳ ﻤﻜﮭﺎ ) (0.2cmﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ
ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﺗﻤﻸ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ) (12Vﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ؟ وﻛ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل
اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 2=6µF
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 40 =240µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =240µC
Q Tk 240
= C eqk = = 20µF
∆VTk 12
⇒ Ceqk =C1 + C2k ⇒ 20 = 4 + C2k C2k =20 – 4 =16µF
16
⇒ C2k =k C2 ⇒ 16 = k × 2 =k =8
2
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1=∆V2k =12V
∆V2 k 12
= E 2k = = 6000 V / m
d 0.2 × 10 −2
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /45ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ) (C1=26µF,C2=18µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي
وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ) (50Vاذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ
) (kﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ وﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
) (3500µCﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ؟
-1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ) -2 .(kاﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆VT =50V
Q Tk 3500
= C eqk = = 70µF
∆VTk 50
Ceqk = C1k + C2 ⇒ 70 = C1k + 18 ⇒ C1k =70 – 18 =52µF
C 52
= k = 1k =2
C1 26
2- Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =50V
Q1k = C1k . ∆V1k =52 × 50 = 2600µC , Q2 = C2 . ∆V2 =18 × 50 = 900µC
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /46ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ) (C1=6µF , C2=14µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟ ﻰ ﻃﺮﻓ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ) ، (30Vﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ
اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺛﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ) (kﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ھ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ) (18Vﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-٢اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل. -1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل
Ceq =C1 + C2 =6 + 14 =20µF
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =20 × 30 =600µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل
QTk = QT =600µC
١٤
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
∆Vk =∆V – 18 =30 – 18 =12V
Q Tk 600
= C eqk = = 50µF
∆VTk 12
Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 50 =C1k + 14 ⇒ C1k =50 – 14 =36µF
C1k =kC1 ⇒ 36 =k × 6 ⇒ k =6
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk =∆V1k = ∆V2 =12V
Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =36 × 12 =432µC
Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =14 × 12 =168µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /47ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺔ ) (C1=4µF , C2=6µFﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ
وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ . 40V
-1ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
-2اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ٦ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑﺤﯿ ﺚ ﯾﻤ ﻸ اﻟﺤﯿ ﺰ
ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻜﻢ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =40V )ﺗﻮازي(
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 40 = 160µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 40 =240µC
QT =Q1 + Q2 =160 + 240 =400µC
2- C2k =k C2 =6 × 6 =36µF
Ceqk =C1 + C2k =4 + 36 =40µC
Qاﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =400µC
Q 400
= ∆VTk = Tk = 10V
C eqk 40
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =10V
Q1 =C1 .∆V1 =4 ×10=40V , QTk =C2k . ∆V2k =36 × 10 =360µC
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /48ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ) (C1=2µF , C2=8µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎذا ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ 600µCﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ.
-1اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ.
-2اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ) (kﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ
ازدادت ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار 240µCﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ).(k
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8 =10µF
Q 600
= ∆VT = T = 60V = ∆V1 = ∆V2
C eq 10
1 1
PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (60) 2 = 36 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (60) 2 = 144 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
2-
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 60 =120µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 60=480µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =600µC
Q1k=Q1 + 240 =120 + 240 =360µC , Q2 =QTk – Q1 =600 – 360 =240µC
١٥
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
Q2 240
= ∆V2 = = 30V =∆V1k
C2 8
Q 1k 360
= C1 k = = 12µF
∆V1k 30
12
C1k = k C1 ⇒ 12 =k × 2 ⇒ =k =6
2
ﻣﺜﺎل /49رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=2µF , C2=6µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ـ ) (960µCﻓﻤ ﺎ
ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺳﯿﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ؟ واذا وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق
اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ) . (96Vﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 6=8µF
Q 960
= ∆VT = T = 120V
C eq 8
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =960
Q Tk 960
= C eqk = = 10µF
∆VTk 96
Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 10 =C1k + 6 ⇒ C1k =10 – 6 =4µF
4
⇒ C1k = kC1 ⇒ 4 =k × 2 =k =2
2
ﻣﺜﺎل /50رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (2μF , 8μFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ). (1000μC
-1ﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ .
-2اذا اﺳﺘﺒﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻤ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ ) (6ﻓﻜ ﻢ ﺗ ﺼﺒﺢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ
ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF
Q 1000
= ∆VT = T = 100 V
C eq 10
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 100V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100 =200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 100 =800µC
2- C1k =k C1 =6 × 2=12µF
Ceqk =C1k + C2 = 12 + 8 =20µF
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =1000µC
Q 1000
= ∆VTk = Tk = 50V
C eqk 20
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 = 50V
Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 50 =600µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 50 =400µC
١٦
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /51ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي اﻟﻌﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺳﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ 2μFواﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ 4μFوﺿ ﻊ
ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ) (6ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
1600μCﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
CK1=KC1=6×2=12μF , Ceq=CK1+C2=12+4=16μF
Q 1600
= ∆V = total = 100V
C eq 16
ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ
∆V1=∆V2=∆V=100V
Q1=CK1×∆V=12×100=1200μC , Q2=C2×∆V=4×100=400V
ﻣﺜﺎل /52اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=2µF , C2=4µFﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ،وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )(6
ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ) (1600µCﻓﻤ ﺎ
ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
C1k =k C1 =6 × 2=12µF
Ceqk =C1k + C2 =12 + 4 =16µF
Q 1600
= ∆VT = Tk = 100V
C eqk 16
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1k =∆V2 =100V
Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 100 =1200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 100 =400µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /53اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ) (2µFﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ) (3µFﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ) (1800µCوﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓ ﻲ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ) . (120Vﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار :
-2اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ. -1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1-
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =1800µC
Q Tk 1800
= C eqk = = 15µF
∆VTk 120
Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 15 =C1k + 3 ⇒ C1k =15 – 3 =12µF
12
= C1k =k C1 ⇒ 12 =k × 2 ⇒ k =6
2
2-
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =120V
Q1k=C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 120 =1440µC
Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 120 =360µC
١٧
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /54ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (2µFواﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ) (0.1cmرﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )(3µF
ﯾﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ .اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑ ﺪﻻ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ) (20Vﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ) (360µCﻓﻤﺎ :
-1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل وﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ؟ -2اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1-
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =20V
Q2k 360
= C 2k = = 18µF
∆V2 k 20
18
= C2k = k C2 ⇒ 18 =k × 3 ⇒ k =6
3
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 20 =40µC
∆V1 20
= 2- E 1 = = 20000 V / m
d 0.1 × 10 −2
ﻣﺜﺎل /55ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=3µF , C2=6µFرﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ ﻓﻈﮭ ﺮ
ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ). (90V
-1اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ .
-2واذا اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ ) (2وﺳ ﻤﻜﮭﺎ ) (0.6cmﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻓﻜ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق
اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻛﻢ ھﻮ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ Ceq =2µF
C eq C1 C2 3 6 6 6 2
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 90=180µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =180µC
Q 180 Q 180
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 60V , ∆V2 = 2 = 30V
C1 3 C2 6
2- C1k =k C1 =2 × 3 = 6µF
1 1 1 1 1 1+1 2 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceqk=3µF
C eqk C1 k C2 6 6 6 6 3
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =180µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = Q1k = Q2 =180µC
Q 180 Q 180
= ∆V1k = 1k = = 30V , ∆V2 = 2 = 30V
C1 k 6 C2 6
∆V1k 30
= E 1k = = 5000 V / m
d 0.6 × 10 − 2
١٨
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /56ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ 6μFوﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ 3μFرﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
إﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه 24Vوﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻋﺎزﻻ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ .ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وادﺧﻞ
ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 2ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ :
-2ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل -1ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل
اﻟﺤﻞ/
-١ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
= + = = + = = ⇒ Ceq=2µF
C eq C1 C2 6 3 6 6 2
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 24 =48µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =48µC
Q 48 Q 48
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 8V , ∆V2 = 2 = 16V
C1 6 C2 3
-2ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
C1k =k C1 =2 × 6=12µF , C2k=k C2 =2 × 3=6µF
1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceqk=4µF
C eqk C1 k C2k 12 6 12 12 4
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =48µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = Q1k = Q2k =48µC
Q 48 Q 48
= ∆V1k = 1k = = 4V , ∆V2 k = 2 k = 8V
C1 k 12 C 2k 6
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /57ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ) (C1=20µF , C2=30µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ .رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ 30Vوﻛﺎن اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزﻻ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ
ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ،ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ 3ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ) C1ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ
ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ( اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ.
-2ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل -1ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل
اﻟﺤﻞ/
-1ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
1 1 1 1 1 3+ 2 5 1
= + = + = = =
C eq C1 C2 20 30 60 60 12
∴ C eq = 12µF
QT =Ceq × ∆VT =12 × 30 =360µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =360µC
Q 360 Q 360
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 18V , ∆V2 = 2 = 12V
C1 20 C2 30
1 1
PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 18 × 360 × 10 −6 = 324 × 10 −5 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 12 × 360 × 10 −6 = 216 × 10 −5 J
2 2
١٩
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
-2ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
C1k =kC1 =3 × 20 =60µC
1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
= + = + = = =
C eqk C1 k C2 60 30 60 60 20
∴ C eqk = 20µF
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ
∴ ∆VTk = ∆VT = 30V
QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =20 × 30 =600µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =600µC
Q1 k 600 Q 600
= ∆V1k = = 10V , = ∆V2 = 2 = 20V
C1 k 60 C2 30
1 1
PE 1k = ∆V1k .Q1k = × 10 × 600 × 10 −6 = 3 × 10 −3 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 20 × 600 × 10 − 6 = 6 × 10 −3 J
2 2
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /58ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ) (C1=9µF , C2=18µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ) ، (6Vادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ
ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 2واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻻ زاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ :
-2ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل. -1ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceq=6µF
C eq C1 C2 9 18 18 18 6
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 6=36µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =36µC
Q 36 Q 36
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 4V , ∆V2 = 2 = 2V
C1 9 C2 18
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
C1k=kC1 =2 × 9=18µF , C2k=kC2 =2 × 18 = 36µF
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceqk=12µF
C eqk C1 k C2k 18 36 36 36 12
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk=∆VT =6V
QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =12 × 6 =72µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = Q1k = Q2k =72µC
Q 72 Q 72
= ∆V1k = 1k = = 4V , ∆V2 k = 2 k = 2V
C1 k 18 C 2k 36
٢٠
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /59ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن اﻻوﻟ ﻰ C1واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ 18µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ
ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ 12Vوﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار 27µFواﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ
وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل 144µCﺟﺪ :
-2 C1 -1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل -3 kﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk=∆VT=12V
Q Tk 144
= C eqk = = 12µF
∆VTk 12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3−2 1
= + ⇒ = + ⇒ = − = =
C eqk C1 k C2 12 C1 k 18 C1 k 12 18 36 36
∴ C1k=36µF
C1k = C1 + ∆C ⇒ 36 =C1 + 27 ⇒ C1 =36 – 27 =9µF
36
C1k=kC1 ⇒ 36=k × 9 ⇒ =k =4
9
ﻣﺜﺎل /60ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ) (6µF,12µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ،رﺑﻄ ﺖ
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ) (60Vوﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻔ ﺮاغ ﻋ ﺎزﻻ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ .ادﺧ ﻞ
ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ) (2ﯾﻤ ﻶ اﻟﺤﯿ ﺰ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ )وﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ
ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ( ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ
) (٢ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل. ) (١ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceq=4µF
C eq C1 C2 6 12 12 12 4
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =4 × 60=240µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =240µC
Q 240 Q 240
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 40V , ∆V2 = 2 = 20V
C1 6 C2 12
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
C1k=kC1 =2 × 6=12µF , C2k=kC2 =2 × 12 = 24µF
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceqk=8µF
C eqk C1 k C 2k 12 24 24 24 8
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk=∆VT =60V
QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =8 × 60 =480µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = Q1k = Q2k =480µC
Q 480 Q 480
= ∆V1k = 1k = = 40V , ∆V2 k = 2 k = 20V
C1 k 12 C2k 24
٢١
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /61ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ ) (C1=9µF,C2=18µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻧﻀﯿﺪة ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ . 12V
-1اﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
-2ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ )ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ
اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ 144µCاﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ Ceq=6µF
C eq C1 C2 9 18 18 18 6
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 12 =72µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =72µC
Q 72 Q 72
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 8V , ∆V2 = 2 = 4V
C1 9 C2 18
2-
Qاﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆VT =12V
Q Tk 144
= C eqk = = 12V
∆VTk 12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3−2 1
= + ⇒ = + ⇒ = − = =
C eqk C1 k C2 12 C1 k 18 C1 k 12 18 36 36
∴ C1k=36µF
36
⇒ C1k =k C1 ⇒ 36 =k × 9 =k =4
9
ﻣﺜﺎل /62ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (4µFوﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ) (300µCوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ
) . (2µFاﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
QT =Q1 + Q2 =300 + 0 =300µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 2 =6µF
Q 300
= ∆VT = T = 50V
C eq 6
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 50 =200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =2 × 50 =100µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /63ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 6μFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 30Vوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ
ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ 20Vﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 30 =180µC , Q2 =0 )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 =180 + 0 =180µC
QT 180
= C eq = = 9µF
∆VT 20
Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 9 =6 + C2 ⇒ C2 =9 – 6 =3µF
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 20 =120µC , Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =3 × 20=60µC
٢٢
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /64ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (4µFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ) (200Vوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺎﺻ ﺒﺢ
ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ) (80Vﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮﻟﺔ ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺻﻠﮭﻤﺎ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ :
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 200 =800µC
)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ( Q2 =0
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ :
QT =Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0 = 800µC
QT 800
= C eq = = 10µF
∆VT 80
Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 10 =4 + C2 ⇒ C2 =10 – 4 =6µF
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 80V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 80 =320µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 80 = 480µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /65ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ) (3µFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ) (60Vواﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (5µFوﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ) (28Vرﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ :
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 60 =180µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 28 =140µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ :
QT =Q1 + Q2 =180 + 140 =320µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =3 + 5=8µF
Q 320
= ∆VT = T = 40V
C eq 8
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 40V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 40 =120µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 40 = 200µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /66ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 100μFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 50Vوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ
ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ . 20Vﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =100 × 50 =5000µC
Q2 = 0 )ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 =5000 + 0 =5000µC
QT 5000
= C eq = = 250µC
∆VT 20
Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 250 =100 + C2 ⇒ C2 =250 – 100 =150µF
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =20V
Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =100 × 20 =2000µC , Q2 = C2 . ∆V2 = 150 × 20 = 3000µC
٢٣
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /67ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2μFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 30Vوأﺧﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 3μFوﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ 40Vوﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي
ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 30 =60µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 40 =120µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 = 60 + 120 =180µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 3 =5µF
Q 180
= ∆VT = T = 36V
C eq 5
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 36 =72µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 36 =108µC
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /68ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 1µFﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ 400µFوﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ
ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 4µFاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
-2اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1- QT =Q1 + Q2 =400 + 0=400µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =1 + 4=5µF
Q 400
= ∆VT = T = 80V
C eq 5
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =80V
Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =1 × 80 =80µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 80=320µC
1 1
2- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 80 × 80 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
1 1
PE 1 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 80 × 320 × 10 −6 = 128 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /69ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2µFوﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 800µCاﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ .واذا وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ
ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 6µFاﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
1 Q1 2
) (800 × 10
−6 2
640000 × 10 −12
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0=800µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 6=8µF
Q 800
= ∆VT = T = 100V
C eq 8
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT =∆V1 =∆V2=100V
Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 100 =200µC , Q2=C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 100 =600µC
1 1
PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 100 × 800 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −2 J
2 2
٢٤
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
∆PE =PET – PE1=4×10-2 – 16×10-2 = − 12 × 10 −2 µF
ﻣﺜﺎل /70ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=2µF , C2=8µFوﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ
ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻜ ﺎن ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻃﺮﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ) . (20Vﺟ ﺪ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ان
ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =10 × 20 =200µC
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 200 =Q1 + 0 ⇒ Q1 =200µC
Q 200
= ∆V1 = 1 = 100V
C1 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /71ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2µFوﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 100Vوﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2µF
ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ .اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ؟ واذا وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ
اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ 3ﻓﻜﻢ ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100=200µC
Q2 = 0 )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 0 =200µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 2=4µF
Q 200
= ∆VT = T = 50V
C eq 4
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V=2 × 50 =100µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =2 × 50 =100µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل
C2k =k C2 =3 × 2=6µF
Ceqk =C1 + C2k =2 + 6=8µF
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =200µC
Q 200
= ∆VTk = Tk = 25V
C eqk 8
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =25V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 25 =50µC , QTk =C2k . ∆V2k =6 × 25 = 150µC
٢٥
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /72ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 8µFوﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ 30Vوﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ
4µFﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ .اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ،واذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ
ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ) (kﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ھ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ 12Vاﺣ ﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ )(k
واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 30 =240µC , Q2 =0 )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(
QT =Q1 + Q2 =240 + 0 =240µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =8 + 4 =12µF
Q 240
= ∆VT = T = 20V
C eq 12
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =20V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 20 =160µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 20 =80µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =240µC
Q Tk 240
= C eqk = = 20µF
∆VTk 12
Ceqk =C1 + C2k ⇒ 20 =8 + C2k ⇒ C2k =20 – 8 =12µF
C2k = kC2 ⇒ 12 =k × 4 ⇒ k=3
٢٦
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2=5V
Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 5=60µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 5 =40µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /74ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2µFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 30Vوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 3µFﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ.
) (1اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
) (2اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ٦ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ
ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
) (1ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 30=60µC
Q2=0
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2=60 + 0=60µC
Ceq=C1 + C2 =2 + 3=5µF
Q 60
= ∆VT = T = 12µF
C eq 5
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT =∆V1 =∆V2=12V
Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 12=24µC , Q2=3 × 12=36µC
) (2ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
C2k=kC2 =6 × 3=18µF
Ceqk=C1 + C2k =2 + 18=20µF
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk =QT =60µC
Q 60
= ∆VTk = Tk = 3V
C eqk 20
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk =∆V1 =∆V2k=3V
Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 3=6µC , Q2k=C2k . ∆V2k=18 × 3=54µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /75ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2μFاﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 6μFووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ 320μC
واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ 240μCﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Q 240
= ∆V2 = 2 = 40V
C2 6
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆V1k =∆V2 =40V
Q 1k 320
= C1 k = = 8µF
∆V1k 40
C 8
= k = 1k =4
C1 2
٢٧
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /76ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2μFوﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﮭﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ورﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي
ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 180μCوﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 3μFﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ 12Vﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ
اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻷوﻟﻰ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
QTk =Q1k + Q2 =0 + 180 =180µC
Q Tk 180
= C eqk = = 15µF
∆VTk 12
Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 15 =C1k + 3 ⇒ C1k =15 – 3=12µF
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =12V
Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 12 =144µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 12=36µC
C 12
= k = 1k =6
C1 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /77ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 12μFﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره 60Vوﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 8μF
ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ :
-1ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ .
-2ﻟﻮ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ) (2ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻜﻢ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ
-3ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل .
-4اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1-
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =12 × 60 =720µC , Q2 =0 )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 =720 + 0 =720µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =12 + 8 =20µF
Q 720
= ∆VT = T = 36V
C eq 20
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =36V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =12 × 36 =432µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 36 =288µC
2- C2k =k C2 =2 × 8 =16µF
Ceqk =C1 + C2k =12 + 16 =28µF
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT = 720µC
Q 720
= ∆VTk = Tk = 25.7 V
C eqk 28
1 1
3- PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2 = × 12 × 10 −6 × (25.7) 2 = 3960.94 × 10 −6 J
2 2
1 1
PE 2 k = C 2 k .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 16 × 10 − 6 × (25.7) 2 = 5283.92 × 10 − 6 J
2 2
1 1
4- PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 36 × 720 × 10 −6 = 1296 × 10 −5 J
2 2
PETk =PE1 + PE2k =3960.94×10-6 + 5283.92×10-6 =9244.86×10-6J
٢٨
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /78ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 4µFوﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ 200Vوﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ
6µFﺟﺪ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ،وﻋﻨ ﺪ وﺿ ﻊ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل
اﻟﻔﺮاغ او اﻟﮭﻮاء اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 600µCﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Q1=C1×∆V1=4×200=800µF , )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ( Q2=0
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
QT = Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0=800µF
Ceq =C1 + C2 =4+6=10µF
Q 800
= ∆VT = T = 80V = ∆V1 = ∆V2
C eq 10
Q1=C1.∆V1=4×80=320µC , Q2=C2.∆V2=6×80=480µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =800µC
QTk =Q1 + Q2k ⇒ 800 =Q1 +600 ⇒ Q1=200µC
Q 200
= ∆V1 = 1 = 50V = ∆V2 K
C1 4
Q 2K 600 C 12
= C 2K = = = 12µF , k = 2 k =2
∆V2 K 50 C2 6
ﻣﺜﺎل /79ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 4μFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 200Vرﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ
6μFﺟﺪ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ .وﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء
وﺟﺪ ان ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ . 600μCﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Q1= C1∆V1 = 4×200 = 800μC
ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ )(Q2=0
∴ Qtotal = Q1+Q2 = 800 + 0 =800μC
Q 800
= Ceq = C1 + C2 = 4 + 6 =10μF , ∆Vtotal= total = 80 V =∆V1 =∆V2=∆V
C eq 10
∴ Q1 = C1∆V = 4×80 = 320μC , Q2 = C2∆V = 6×80 = 480μF
ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ
Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 800 = Q1 + 600 ⇒ Q1 = 200μC
Q 200
= ∴ ∆V1 = 1 = 50V =∆V2 =∆V
C1 4
Q2 600
= C 2k = = 12µF
∆V2 50
C 12
= K = 2k =2
C2 6
٢٩
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜــﺎل /80ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ 2μFاﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ 60Vواﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ
ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ) (4ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ،ﻣ ﺎ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Q1=C1∆V1= 2×60 =120μC , C2k= KC2= 4×2= 8μF
ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن
Qtotal = Q1 = 120μC , Ceq= C1 + C2k= 2 + 8= 10μF
Q 120
= ∆Vtotal= total = 12V
C eq 10
Q1=C1∆V=2×12=24μC , Q2 =C2×∆V =8×12= 96μC
ﻣﺜــﺎل /81ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 6μFوﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ 100Vوﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ
ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ) (2ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 8μFﺟ ﺪ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ
ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Q1=C1×∆V=6×100=600μC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل :
Q1=Qtotal=600μF , CK1=KC1=2×6=12μF
Ceq=CK1 + C2 =12+8=20μF
Q 600
= ∆Vtotal = total = 30V
C eq 20
ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ
∆V1=∆V2=∆Vtotal =30V
Q1=CK1×∆V=12×30=360μC , Q2=C2×∆V=8×30=240μC
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /82ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2µFوﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ 200Vوﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 4µFوﻓ ﺮق
ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 50Vﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-1ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
-2اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ kﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار
40Vﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
1- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 200 =400µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 50 =200µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT = Q1 + Q2 =400 + 200 =600µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 4 =6µF
Q 600
= ∆VT = T = 100V
C eq 6
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =100V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100 =200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 100 =400µC
2-
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
٣٠
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
∆VTk =∆VT – 40 =100 – 40 =60V
QTk = QT =600µC Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ
Q Tk 600
= C eqk = = 10µF
∆VTk 60
Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 10 =C1k + 4 ⇒ C1k =10 – 4 =6µF
6
⇒ C1k =k C1 ⇒ 6 =k × 2 =k =3
2
ﻣﺜــﺎل /83ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (15μFﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻔ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ) (300Vرﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ
ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ) (100Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ .
-2ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ .
-3إذا وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ أﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ) (75Vﺟ ﺪ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل ﺗﻠ ﻚ
اﻟﻤﺎدة؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1-
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ:
)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ( Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =15 × 300 =4500µC , Q2 =0
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ:
QT =Q1 + Q2 =4500 + 0 =4500µC
QT 4500
= C eq = = 45µF
∆VT 100
Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 45 =15 + C2 ⇒ C2 =45 – 15 =30µF
2- Q1 =C1 × ∆V1 =15 × 100 =1500µC , Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =30 × 100 =3000µF
3-
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =4500µC
Q Tk 4500
= C eqk = = 60µF
∆VTk 75
Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 60 =C1k + 30 ⇒ C1k =60 – 30 =30µF
C 30
= k = 1k =2
C1 15
ﻣﺜــﺎل /84ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 2μFاﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ
ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ 2.5ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 3μFﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ . 45μCاﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل :
CK =K C =2.5×2=5μF
Q 45
= ∆V2 = 2 = 15V
C2 3
ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ
∆V2 = ∆V1 = ∆V
∴ Q1 = C K1 × ∆V = 5×15=75μC
Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 = 75 + 45 =120μC
٣١
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎن
Q 120
= Q1 = Qtotal =120μC , ∆V1 = 1 = 60µC
C1 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /85ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (3µFوﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ) (180µCﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑ ﺪل
اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﮭﺎ ) (30Vﻓﻤﺎ :
-1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل.
-2اذا وﺻﻠﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (4µFوﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ) (60µCﻓﻤ ﺎ
ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Q 180 ∆V 60
= 1- ∆V = = = 60V , k = =2
C 3 ∆Vk 30
2- QTk =Q1k + Q2 =180 + 60 =240µC
C1k=k C1=2 × 3=6µF
Ceqk=C1k + C2 =6 + 4=10µF
Q 240
= ∆VTk = Tk = 24V
C eqk 10
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VTk =∆V1k = ∆V2 =24V
Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =6 × 24 =144µC , Q2 =C2 .∆V2 =4 × 24 =96µC
اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ:
ﻣﺜﺎل /86ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=6μF , C2=12μFﻣﻮﺻﻠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 16μFﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 20Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-2اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ. -1اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ C12=4µF
C12 C1 C2 6 12 12 12 4
Ceq=C12 + C3 =4 + 16=20µF
)ﺗﻮازي( ∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =20V
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =16 × 20 =320µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =4 × 20 =80µC = Q1 = Q2
1 1
2- PE 3 = ∆V3 .Q 3 = × 20 × 320 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 − 4 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /87رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (3μF , 6μFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ 2μFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 12Vاوﺟﺪ :
-1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ -2ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ C12=2µF
C12 C1 C2 3 6 6 6 2
Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 2=4µF
)ﺗﻮازي( ∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =12V
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =2 × 12=24µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12=2 × 12=24µC = Q1 = Q2
Q 24 Q 24
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 8V , ∆V2 = 2 = 4V
C1 3 C2 6
٣٢
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /88رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (3µF,6µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ) (4µFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ 270µCﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ
ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ).(0.2cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ C12=2µF
C12 C1 C2 3 6 6 6 2
Ceq=C12 + C3 =2 + 4=6µF
Q 270
= ∆VT = T = 45V
C eq 6
∆VT =∆V3 =∆V12 =45V )ﺗﻮازي(
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3=4 × 45 =180µC , Q12=C12 . ∆V12=2 × 45=90µC
Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =90µC
Q 90 Q 90
= ∆V1 = 1 = = 30V , ∆V2 = 2 = 15V
C1 3 C2 6
∆V1 30
= E1 = = 15000 V / m
d 0.2 × 10 − 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /89رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=5µF , C2=7µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (4µFﺛﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿ ﮫ ) (60Vﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ
ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟ وﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )(0.5cm؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C12 =C1 + C2 =5 + 7 =12µF
1 1 1 1 1 1+ 3 4 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ Ceq=3µF
C eq C12 C3 12 4 12 12 3
QT =Ceq . ∆VT =3 × 60 =180µC =Q12 = Q3
Q 180 Q 180
= ∆V12 = 12 = = 15V = ∆V1 = ∆V2 , ∆V3 = 3 = 45V
C12 12 C3 4
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =5 × 15 =75µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =7 × 15 =105µC
∆V3 45
= E3 = = 9000V / m
d 0.5 × 10 − 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /90رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=3µF , C2=6µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ) (4µFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي
ﺛﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ) (45Vﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل
اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ )(0.2cm؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =45V
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ C12=2µF
C12 C1 C2 3 6 6 6 2
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =4 × 45 =180µC , Q12=C12 . ∆V12 = 2 × 45 =90µC = Q1 = Q2
Q 90
= ∆V1 = 1 = 30V
C1 3
∆V1 30
= E1 = = 15000 V / m
d 0.2 × 10 − 2
٣٣
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /91رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=3µF , C2=6µFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي
ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (2µFوﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ) (300µCﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Q1 = Q2 = Q12 = 0
QT =Q3 + Q12 =300 + 0 =300µC
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ C12=2µF
C12 C1 C2 3 6 6 6 2
Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 2 =4µF
Q 300
= ∆VT = T = 75V
C eq 4
∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =75V
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =2 × 75 =150µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =2 × 75 =150µC = Q1 = Q2
Q 150 Q 150
= ∆V1 = 1 = 50V , = ∆V2 = 2 = 25V
C1 3 C2 6
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /92ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (8µF , 24µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ
ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ 4µFوﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 100Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
-2اذا ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ 25Vﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل اﻟﻤ ﺎدة
اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
1- Q1 = Q2 = Q12 = 0
Q3 =C3 × ∆V3 =4 × 100 =400µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ :
QT = Q3 + Q12 = 400 + 0 =400µC
1 1 1 1 1 3+1 4 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ C12 =6µF
C12 C1 C2 8 24 24 24 6
Ceq =C12 + C3 =6 + 4 =10µF
Q 400
= ∆VT = T = 40V
C eq 10
2-
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =400µC
Q Tk 400
= C eqk = = 16µF
∆VTk 25
Ceqk =C3k + C12 ⇒ 16 =C3k + 6 ⇒ C3k =16 – 6 =10µF
10
⇒ C3k =kC3 ⇒ 10 =k × 4 =k = 2.5
4
٣٤
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /93ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (8µF,24µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 4µF
وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ 100Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
-2اذا ادﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 250µCﻓﻜﻢ ھﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
Q3=C3 . ∆V3 =4 × 100 =400µC
Q1 = Q2 = Q12 =0
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ:
QT =Q12 + Q3 =0 + 400 =400µC
1 1 1 1 1 3+1 4 1
= + = + = = = ⇒ C12 =6µF
C12 C1 C2 8 24 24 24 6
Ceq=C12 + C3 =6 + 4 =10µF
Q 400
= ∆VT = T = 40V
C eq 10
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =400µC
QTk =Q1k + Q2 ⇒ 400 =250 + Q2 ⇒ Q2 =400 – 250 =150µC
Q 150
= ∆V12 = 12 = 25V
C12 6
∆V12 = ∆V3k =25V
Q3k 250 10
= C 3k = = = 10µF , C3k =kC3 ⇒ 10 =k × 4 ⇒ k = 2.5
∆V3k 25 4
ﻣﺜﺎل /94رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (2μF , 4μFﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ) (3μFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﮭﻤ ﺎ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ) (300μCاﺣﺴﺐ :
-3ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ . -2ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ . -1ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C12 =C1 + C2 =2 + 4=6µF
1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
= + = = + = = ⇒ Ceq =2µF
C eq C12 C3 6 3 6 6 2
Q 300
= ∆VT = T = 150V
C eq 2
QT = Q3 = Q12 =300µC
Q 300
= ∆V12 = 12 = 50V
C12 6
Q 300
= ) , ∆V3 = 3ﺗﻮازي( ∆V12 = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V = 100V
C3 3
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 50 =100µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 50 =200µC
٣٥
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /95ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (C1=20µF , C2=30µFﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ 18µFﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ . 12Vاﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار:
-2اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ. -1اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
-3اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
-4اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ . 0.4cm
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 3+ 2 5 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ C12=12µF
C12 C1 C2 20 30 60 60 12
Ceq =C12 + C3 =12 + 18 =30µF
2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =30 × 12 =360µC
3- ∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =12V
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =18 × 12 =216µC , Q12 =QT – Q3 =360 – 216 =144µC
Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =144µC
Q 144 ∆V2 4.8
= 4- ∆V2 = 2 = = 4.8V , E 2 = = 1200V / m
C2 30 d 0.4 × 10 −2
ﻣﺜﺎل /96ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) (3μF , 6μF , 18μFرﺑﻄﺖ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄﺖ
اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ورﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه 30Vﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C1C 2 3× 6 18
=C1,2 = = = 2µF , Ceq=C1,2 + C3= 2+18=20μF
C1 + C 2 3+6 9
Qtotal= Ceq ∆V=20×30=600μC , Q3=C3∆V=18×30=540μC ,
Q1,2=C1,2∆V=2×30=60μC
∴ Q1=Q2=60μC
Q 60 Q 60
= ∆V1= 1 = = 20V , ∆V2= 2 = 10V
C1 3 C2 6
ﻣﺜﺎل /97ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ) (5μF , 7μF , 6μرﺑﻄﺖ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ
ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ . 60Vﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C1,2=C1 + C2=5+7=12μF
1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
= + = = + = = ⇒ Ceq=4μF
C eq C1, 2 C3 12 6 12 12 4
Qtotal=Ceq∆V=4×60=240μC
∴ Q3=Qtotal=240μC , Q1,2=Qtotal=240μC
Q 240
= ∆V1,2= 1, 2 = 20V , ∆V1=∆V2=20V
C1, 2 12
Q1=C1∆V1=5×20=100μC , Q2=C2 ∆V=7×20=140V
Q 240
= ∆V3= 3 = 40V
C3 6
٣٦
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜـﺎل /98رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺘﺎھﻤﺎ ) (3μF , 6μFﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑ ﻂ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ
9μFورﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ 100Vاﺣﺴﺐ :
-1اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ .
-2اذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر وأﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ 55Vﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ C12 =2µF
C12 C1 C2 3 6 6 6 2
Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 9=11µF
QT =Ceq .∆VT =11 × 100=1100µC
)ﺗﻮازي( ∆VT = ∆V12 = ∆V3 =100V
Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =9 × 100 =900µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =2 × 100=200µC
Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =200µC )ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(
Q 200 Q 200 100
= ∆V1 = 1 = V , ∆V2 = 2 = V
C1 3 C2 6 3
2-
Qاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QTk = QT =1100µC
Q Tk 1100
= C eqk = = 20µF
∆VTk 55
Ceqk =C12 + C3k ⇒ 20 =2 + C3k ⇒ C3k =20 – 2 =18µF
C 18
= k = 3k =2
C3 9
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت:
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /99ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ 3µFوﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ 150Vوﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 900µCوﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺤﯿ ﺚ
رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛ ﻢ ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ
ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ 2ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ 360µFﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
Q1=C1.∆V1=3×150=450µC
QT =Q2 – Q1 =900 – 450 = 450µC
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل:
QT = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 450 = Q1 + 360 ⇒ Q1 =90µC
Q 90
= ∆V1 = 1 = 30V =∆V2
C1 3
Q2 360
= ∴ C 2K = = 12µF , C2k = k C2 ⇒ 12 =2C2 ⇒ C2 =6µF
∆V2 30
٣٧
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /100ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ) (6µF.12µFرﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ
ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ 90Vﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋ ﻦ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ دون ﺣ ﺪوث ﺿ ﯿﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ اﻋﯿ ﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻣ ﻊ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ :
-1اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ.
-2ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ ) (kﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ
20Vﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ).(k
اﻟﺤﻞ/
1 1 1 1 1 2 +1 3 1
1- = + = + = = = ⇒ Ceq=4µF
C eq C1 C2 6 12 12 12 4
QT =Ceq × ∆VT =4 × 90 =360µC
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ QT = Q1 = Q2 =360µC
٣٨
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
2- QT =Q1 + Q2 =240 + 240 =480µC
Ceq =C1 + C2 =24 + 8 =32µF
480
= ∆VT = 15V
32
Qاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =15V
Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =24 × 15 =360µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =120µC
ﻣﺜﺎل /102ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن اذا رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ واذا رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ 3μFﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ
C1 .C 2 1 C1 .C 2
= C eq ⇒ = C1 ⇒ C1 + C2=3C
C1 + C 2 3 C1 + C 2
C1=2C2
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازي
Ceq=C1 + C2 ⇒ 3=2C2 + C2 ⇒ 3=3C2 ⇒ C2=1μF
Q C1=2C2 ⇒ C1=2×1=2μF
ﻣﺜﺎل /103ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘ ﻮازي
100ﺑﻘﺪر اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ
C
= C ( eq ) series )--------- (1
n
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازي
)C(eq)parallel=nC --------- (2
ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ) (٢ﻋﻠﻰ ) (١ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ
C ( eq ) parallel nC
= = n2
C ( eq ) series C
n
100C ( eq )series
= n2 ⇒ n2=100 ⇒ n=10
C ( eq )series
ﻣﺜﺎل /104اﺛﺒﺖ اﻧ ﮫ ﻋﻨ ﺪ وﺻ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘ ﺴﺎوﯾﺘﻲ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓ ﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ اﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺔ أي
واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
C C 1
= C eq = ⇒ C eq = C
n 2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /105اﺛﺒﺖ اﻧﮫ اذا وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺘﺎ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﺴﺎوي أرﺑﻌ ﺔ أﻣﺜ ﺎل
ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻮ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
Cparallel =nC )⇒ Cparallel = 2C …….. (1
C C
= C series ⇒ = C series )……... (2
n 2
ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (1ﻋﻠﻰ ) (2ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ :
٣٩
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
C parallel 2C
= =4
C series C
2
∴ Cparallel = 4Cseries
ﻣﺜ ﺎل /106ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ 9μFوﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ
ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ 2μFاﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ .
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن :
Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ )9 =C1 + C2 …….. (1
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﺎن :
C1 .C 2 C1 .C 2
= C eq ⇒ =2 )……..(2
C1 + C 2 C1 + C 2
ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (١ﻓﻲ ) (2ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ :
C .C 18
2= 1 2 ⇒ ⇒ C1.C2 =18 = C1 )……… (3
9 C2
ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (3ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (1ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ :
18
=9 ⇒ + C2 9C 2 = 18 + C 22 ⇒ C 22 − 9C 2 + 18 = 0
C2
⇒ (C2 – 6)(C2 – 3)=0 C2 =6µF or C2=3µF
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (1ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ :
C1 =3µF or C=6µF
1
ﻣﺜﺎل /107ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن C1 , C2ﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ C1واذا وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ
3
اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ 3µFﻣﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ C1 , C2؟
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺘﺎن ﻓﺎن :
C1 .C 2 1 C1 .C 2
= C eq ⇒ = C1 ⇒ C1 + C2 =3C2
C1 + C 2 3 C1 + C 2
∴ C1=2C2
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺘﺎن ﻓﺎن :
Ceq = C1 + C2 3=2C2 + C2 ⇒ C2 =1μF
C1=2μF
ﻣﺜﺎل /108ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻰ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ووﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪه 100Vﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ
اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ 300µCوﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ 1600µCﺟ ﺪ
ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ/
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ :
Qt 300
= C eq = = 3µF
∆Vt 100
C1 .C 2 C1 .C 2
= C eq =⇒ 3
C1 + C 2 C1 + C 2
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮازي
٤٠
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
Qt 1600
= C eq = = 16µF
∆Vt 100
Ceq=C1 + C2 ⇒ ⇒ 16 =C1 + C2 C1 =16 – C2
(16 − C 2 )C 2
=3 ⇒ C 22 − 16C 2 + 48 = 0 ⇒ (C2 – 12)(C2 – 4)=0
16 − C 2 + C 2
C2=12μF or C2 =4μF
C1=16 – 12=4μF or C1=16 – 4=12μF
ﻣﺜﺎل /109ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ Cرﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻣﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وأﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﻤﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ
اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ؟
Ceq1=C + C =2C )ﺗﻮازي(
2
C C
= C eq 2 = )ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(
2C 2
ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ
C eq1 2C C eq
= ⇒ 1
=4 ⇒ Ceq1=4Ceq2
C eq 2 C C eq 2
2
أي ان اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮازي أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﻟﻲ
C ( eq ) parallel
= n 2 ⇒ C(eq)parallel =n2C(eq)sires
C ( eq ) sires
٤١
ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن
ﻣﺜﺎل /111ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ
اﺣﺴﺐ:
-1اﻟﻤﻘﺪار اﻻﻋﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح.
-2ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح
)ﺑﻌﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ(.
-3اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
-4اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
∆Vbattery 20
= 1- I = = 0.8A
R 25
2- ∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =20V
3- Q = C . ∆V =80 × 20 =1600µC
1 1
4- PE = ∆V.Q = × 20 × 1600 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −3 J
2 2
ﻣﺜﺎل /112داﺋﺮة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺒﺎح ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘ ﮫ ) (r =10Ωوﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ )(R=30Ω
وﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ) (∆Vbattery=12Vرﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ
ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ) . (20µFﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﮭ ﺎ
اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻮ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ :
-1ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح.
-2ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻓﺮاﻏﮭ ﺎ
ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ(.
اﻟﺤﻞ/
∆Vbattery 12 12
=I = = = 0.3A
R+r 30 + 10 40
∆Vr=I . r =0.3 × 10 =3V
Qاﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ∆Vc = ∆Vr = 3V
Q = C . ∆Vc =20 × 3 =60µF
1 1
PE = ∆Vc . Q = × 3 × 60 × 10 − 6 = 90 × 10 − 6 = 9 × 10 −5 J
2 2
2- ﺑﻌﺪ اﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺤﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺎن :
∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =12V
Q = C . ∆Vc =20 × 12 =240µC
1 1
PE = ∆Vc . Q = × 12 × 240 × 10 −6 = 1440 × 10 − 6 = 144 × 10 −5 J
2 2
٤٢