INTRODUCTION TO COI.

UMNS
C/\TEGORIES OF R.C. COLUMNS

o Three (3) categories of concrete columns:

(1) Short compression blocks or peelestals.
- lf the height of an upright compression inember is less than three times its least lateral
dimensions, it may be considered to be a pedestal.
- The NSCP provision states that a pedestal may be designed rnrith unreinforced or plain
concrete with a maximum'design compressive sti-ess equal to 0.85 O f . where cD is 0.70 .
- Should the tctal load applied to tlie ii rei r rb - - 6" i6rger ihan C. 95 '$ f A, , ;l ',vill be necessary
either to enlarge the cross.sectional area of the perJeslal or to desigr," it as a reinforcer!
concrete colurnn.
(2) Short reinforced concrete colurnns.
- Should a reinforced concrete column fail due to initial nraterialfailure, it is classified as a
shorf eolumn.
- The load that it can support is controlled by the dimensions of the cross section and the
strery;h of the materials of which it is constructed.
,S+6ft columns a;e sfocky mernbers with litfle fiexiLritity.
_fJ) Lolrg or stender reinforced concrete cotumns.
- As slenderness ratios are increased, bending defor."nations will increase as will the resulting
'^{ seconcrary moments.
- lf these moments are of such magnilude as to signilicantly reduce the axial load capacities of
columns, those columns will be referred to as being long or slender.

ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION

fm L-, -J
f--'
a
t_ ffi
l.-r-rl
PLAN
PLAN PLAN
(1) short comprcssion block or pedestal (2) shott @lumn (3) long colamn

2135 CE Q4 a CE 425 Lecture #14 Cotumns 9 Feb 07 lic:v A ils 4.1'lfj

pa04 1 tl
 TYPES OF COLUMNS
Three (3) Types of Columns

o (1) Tied column.

- A tied colump is a reinforced concrete column which has a series of closed ties used for
laterally bracing or holding the longitudinal bars in place.
(2) Spiral cclumn.
- A spiral column is a reinforced concrete columrr which has a continuous helical spira/ from bars
or heavy wire wrapped around the longitudinal bars.
i3) Gomposite columns
A composite column is reinforced concrete column that is reinforced longitudinally by a
slructural steel shapes, which may or rnay not be surrounclecl by struclural steel bars, or
it may consist of structural steel tubing filled with concrete (also knovun as tally columns).

SECTIONA [-n
f_lF={I_conuele
t- lts-=-dl
.rl
-r,
SECTION B ffilongitudinal
bars

ELEVATION ELEVATION

o spirals

(1) tied column (2) spiral colamn

, concrele irttr:rolo

fr-
a SEGTION D
L- struclural structunl
sEcTtoN c L-, sleel WF steel pipe

ELEVATION
ELEVATICN

structural
(3) cttmposite steel WF (4) camposite
column calumn

ICDA CE 424 a CE 425 Leclure fl14 Calumns g Fe.s 07 ?tu A tt

 CODE REQUIREMENT.S FOR CAST.IN-PLACE COLUMT.IS
Some codal limitations on R.C. colunrns
(1) The percentaEe of longitudinal reinforcement ntay not be taken to be less lhan 1% of lhe
' gross cross;seclional area of the column. NSCP 410.10.{.
(2) The maximum percentage of steel may not he taken greater than B%o of lhe gross cross-
sectional area of the eolumn. NSCP 410,10.1.
(3) According to NSCP 410.10.2, the minimum numbers of longitudinal bars permissible for
compression members are as follows:
- 4 tor bars within rectangular or circular ties
- 3 for bars vrithin trianguiar shaped ties, and
- 6 for bars encloseO r,rttn spirals conforming to NSCp 410.10.3.
Shouki there be fewer than B bars in a circtrlar arrange,nent, the orientation of fhe bars will
affect the moment Strength of eccenti"ically loaded columns.
(4) The Code does not directly provicle a minimum column cross-sectional area, but to provide
the nPcessary cover outsicle of ties or spirals and to provide the necessary elearance between
longitudinal bars from one face cf the column to the other, minimum widilrs af 200 mm to ZS0
mm are necessary.
(5) When spiral colurnns are used, the size of spirais shall not be less ihan /0 mm@ bars
for
cast"in-place conslruction. NSCp 4U7 -11 .4.2.
- According to NSCF 4gT.ll.4.3, clear spacing beF+een spirals shall not exceed lS mm or be
less than 25 mm.
(6) When tied columns are used, the ties shallnot be iess than 10 mm@ bars, providecl that the
longitrrdinal bars are 32 mmfr bars :r smaller. NSCp 4i0j10.1
- The minimum size is 12.7 mm@ bars for longituclinal bars larger than 32 mm@ bars ancl for
bundled longitudinal bars. NSCp 407.11 -5.1
t, ' Deformed wire or welded wire fabric with an equivalent area may also be usecl.
- According to NSGP 4O7 .ii .5.2, the center-to-center spacing of ties shalt not be :
' 16 times the diameter of the longituoinal bars
' the least lateral dimension of the column
- According to NSCP 407.11.5.3, the ties must be arranged so that every corner and alternate
longitudinal bar will have a taleral support p:'ovicled by the corner oF a iie having an incluc,ed
angle not greater lhan' l35o . ':

- Noiong;tujinal bur, be located a greater clistance than 150 mm clearin either side from
""n bar. See Figures below.
such a laterally supported

Alldimensions are in mm
15O clear 150 clear
150 max max 15O mat< max

--? 150 max

$
-l
150 max

. --{
'rectangulpr
SECTION SECTION SECTION or squane
{res

IACS CE 424 & CE 425 Lecure fll4 Ct tumns 9l:eh Al t,rrv i ,it
 All dimensions are in mnr
> 150 > 150 > 150 > 150 > 150 > 150

--l ---1
> 150 > 150
__*
---4
> 150

--if
concrete
SECTION C lles SECTION

Alldimensions are in mm
15A max ISO max 150 max 150 max 150 max 150 max

flfl
> 15C ,----.4
*
--l --a
> 15C
_t --}
150 max

concrete
SEGTION SECTION SECTION

SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR COLUMNS

Values of @
a- 0.90 for flexure
O= 0.85 for shear
@- 0.75 for spiralcolurFn
@= 0.70 for tied column
Notes:
(1) Lower @ values are desirable for columns. The faihrre of a column is generally a more severe
matter than is the failure of a beam because a column generally supports a larger part of a
structure than does a beam.
(2) A slightly larger @ is specified for spii-al columns because of their greater toughness as
compared to tied columns.

DESIGN FORMULAS
Where moment is sufficiently small so ttrat e is less ihan O- 10h for tied columns or less than
0.A5h br spiral columns or when the cclumns are classified as short columns whose e
does nol exceed the previous iimils, th: axial loarl capacity of such columns may not greater
than the following values:
(1) For spiral columns (@ = 0.75) N$CP 10 - 1 (NSCP 41O - 11
QP n@a*)= 0.B5 A IO.BS f . (A s - A
"i
+ f y A u,]
(2) For tied columns (Q = 0.70) NSCP 1A -2 $SCP 410 -21
QP n@ax1= 0.BO O [0.85 f (A s - AgLtff'fr-;]
^-----a "

2CA5 CE 424 & CE 425 Leclure #14 Calumns I Feb A7 P.ev q ls

 COflIMENTS ON ECONOMICAL COLUMN DESIGN
(1)Undernormal circumstances,asmall percentageof columnsteel br-.usecl{frorn 1.5%lo39L),
(2) lt is quite economicalto use high-strength concreles for colurnns as comparerJ to slabs
and beams,
(3) Grade 415 (or reinforcing steel with f y = 415 MPal reinforcing bars are generally used for
best economy in the columns of most structure,
(4) ln general, tied columns are more E conomical than spiral columns, particularly if square or
rectangular cross sections are to be used,
Typical square tied column dimensions Typical reotangular tied solumn dimensions
300 mm x 300 mm.-- 300 mm x 350 mm
350 mm x 350 mrr{ 300 rnm x 400 rnm
400 mm x 400 mm/ 300 mm x 450 mm
450 mm x 450 mm 4Q0 mm x 450 mm
600 mm x 600 mm 400 mm x 500 mm
650 mm x 650 mm 400 mm x 550 mm
700 mm x 700 mm 450 mm x 500 mrn
750 mm x 750 mm 450 mm x 550 mm
800 mm x 800 mm 450 mm x 600 mm

Typical circular column dimensions

A 400 mm
A 45O mm
A 500 mm
O 450 mm
O 500 mm
O 550 mm
O 600 mm
O 650 mm
@70Omm r
(5) Spirai cblumns, high-strength concretes, and high percentage of steel save floor space, and
(6) As few different column sizes as possible should be used throughout a building.

si0
'4Y"Y
1005 CE 424 A CE 425 Lecture #14 Calumns 9 Feb 0t Rev C.zts
Dal;': 5., ,, ,r,
.?

COMMENTS ON ECONOMICAL COLUMN DESIGN

(1) Under normalcircumstances, a small percentage oi column steel be used (from 1 5% lo 3%),
12) lt is quite economical to use high-strength ccncretes for columns as conlpared to
slabs
and beams,
(3) Grade 415 (or reinforcing steel wifh f v = 415 MPa) reinforcing bars are generally used for
best economy in the columns oi most structure,
(4) ln general, tied columns are ntore economical than spiral coiumns, particularly if square or
rectangular cross sections are to be used,
Typical square tied column dimensions Typical rectangular tied column dimensions
300 mm x 300 mm . 3C0 mm x 350 mm
350 mm x 350 mm 300 mrn x 400 mm -

40() mm x 400 mm 300 mm x 450 mm

450 mm x 450 mm 400 mm x 450 mm
600 mm x 600 mm 400 mm x 500 mm
650 mm x 650 mm 400 mm x 550 mm
700 mm x 700 mm 450 mm x 500 mm
750 mm x 750 mm 450 mm x 550 mm
800 rnnr x 800 mm 450 mm x 600 mm

Typicar circular cotumn dimensions

b 4OO mrn
A 45O mm
O 500 mm
A 450 mm
O 500 mm
Z 550 mm
O 600 mm

o O 650 mm
@ 7OO mm
(5) Spiral columns, high-strength concretes, and higff percentage of steel save floor space, and
(6; As few ditferent column sizes as possible should be used throughout a building.

CE 424 & CE 425 Lecture #18 Celumns 14 Feb 06 Rev 0

 DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED COLUT/INS
Problem #l:
Design an axially loaded short square tied column for p
p = 6O0 kN, p t = 800 kN,
f c=24MPa andfv = 420Mpa.lnitially assume ps =0.02, Cotumn exposedto
weather.
ticn:
Column Dimensions
Pu - 1.4PD + 1.7Pt.
P, = 1.4 (600) + 1.7 (500)
Pu = 2200 kN
u = 0.80 @ [0.55 f (A g - A,,) * f , A o]
P NSCp ,0 _ Z (i.i$Cp 4i0 -
"
2 200 x 10' = 0.70 (0.8o) to.Bs (24) (As - o.0z Ail * 420 (0.02 A;)l
2 200 x 10" = O.s6 [20.4 (0.g8 A + 8.4 A
il sJ
2 200 x 10" = O.i6 [ZB.SI2 AsJ
An;06 = tgO 3OS mm' < Astum = 575 (gTO) = 140 625 mmz (OK)
USS-E!'-rnU ,ZE mnJAs"- = 140 625 mm!)
Longitudinat dars
2200x 10' = o.Ta p.sl) .[0,6s (24) (140 6zs - A + 420 A
",) 'tl
3 928 571 = 2 86B 750 - 20.4 A st +42A A st
1 059 821 = 399.6 Aa
A st{u,u = 6 t (25)' /4 r 2 945 mm( Pn
tJse_6 - 25 mm@ bars.(2 e4S mry!)
of Ties (Assuming 1O mm@ barsl

o (a) 16 longitudinal bar d 6

(b) 48 tie bar d 6
(c)
=
= i
16(25)
4g(10) =
= 400
480
mm
mm
Least column dimension = 375 nrfi <*_
use 10 mm@ ties @ 375 mm o.c.
6-25mm6 .lw CA
bars
+

-qlTi 'll 2Ts

Alldimensions are irt mm

I
s7s
mm0 ties SECTION
,,,,'fl
10
@ 375 o.c-

:{l I
--i i
t--'r--
I

275 ..trl k _ so
375 Jso
Cheek Code F.equirements
(a) Lottgiludinalbar clear spac,ng,= 275f2 - 25 = 112.5 mm >'ZS mm ancl d
6 of 25 mm (AK)
(b) Steelpercentage: O.O1 < (2 g4S/140 625) - 0.O21 < O.0g (aKL
('c) Number of bars = 6 > minimum no. of 4 (oK)
(d) Minimum tie size = 1a mm@ bar for 25 mnt@ rongitudinar bar (pK)
(e) Spacing of ties (oK)
of ties

2006 CE 424 & CE 425 Led.ure #14 Columns g Feb 07 t-r-ev O.ris
4t,? at
Pllw 6 18.
 #2:
Design the column for axial load only fcr the condition describecl. lnclude fire clesign

o of spirals and a sketch of the cross sectiorr selected, inclucting bar arrangements.
All coltrmns are assumed to be short and not exposed to the weather. -
Round spiral column: P, = 500 kN, P r = 650 kN, f = 35 Mpa and f
c , = 420 Mpa -
lnitially assume p s = 0.03.
Solution:
Selecting Column Dimensions
P, = 1.4PD + 1.7Pt
Pu = 1.4 ffaD) + i.T (6/50)
p, = lB0S kN

P= 0.BS Q {0.85 f c 6 o - A",) * f, A r,l

u NSGP {0 - { (NSCP 410 _1
'!805 x f o" = 0.75 (g.ss) (A,
tc.ss ds) - O.os a o1 420 (0.03 As)l
1 805 x 103 = 0.63T5 IZg lS (0.s7 Ab * 12.6 A ,t
sJ
1 805 x 7O' = 0.6375 [41 .457!i A
sJ
A stum = n (300)' /4 = 70 686 mm' (On
Llse Sla mmi_gJAo:Jg_or;g rnll
Longitudinal Bars
1 8a5x70' = 0.75(o.ss)
to.Bs pfl (To6B6- A") + 420 A"tl
2 831 372 =, 2 1O2 908 - 2g.TS A,t + 420 A st
' 728 404 = 390.25 A st
A = 6 (22)i /4 = 2 2Bo mm' loKS -
rT

o
srtu;n

Use 6 - 22 mm0 bars e-ZB| mml)

Design of spirals (Assuming 1O nim0 barcl
Ac = n (gzgt/4 = 39 408 mmz
' Minimunp"-- 0.4q6s/A,-l)f ,/fy (NSCP 4{0 - 6
.Minimum p," = O-45 (70 656frg 4OS)-
t) (JS/420)
Minimum p" =
0.029704
, , ps = 4a, (0.._:d.u)
s D12 dr= ff(lqz/4=78.54rnm'
0.029 764 = 4 (TB.S4 e20 - lf/l. spirals
*'iio"
s = ** 25mmcs=46mm<75ntm
pitch
Use 10 mmA soirats @ 46 mm o.c-
6-22mmO
bars

Alldimensions are in mm
o
t{
rv
ll
'SECTION
10 mm6 spirals o
@ 46 mm o.c.

o 4rul*
2406 eE 424 & CE 42i Ledure tl4 Columns g Feb Ai ie.t A is plga 7 of tg,
 (a) Longitudinal bar clear spacirrg = (r (220) - 6 (22))/6 - 93."t9 ntnt > 2s rrtnr
andd6of22mm
O (b) Steelpercentage: O.O05O < (2 2BOn0 b'B6l = 0.0323
A colqntn can have l%osteel if the colurrn has been made larger than is necessary
to carry the loads because ctf architecttrral or oilrer reasons (oK)
(c) Number of bars = 6 = minimunt no. of 6 (et<)
(d) Mininum tie size = 1O n,m@ bar for 22 ntmT bngiudinat bar
(e) Spacing of ties
QK)
{f) Anangement of ties (ory,)

i,

2Cj5 CE 424 A CE 4ZS Le4.ure #14 Cotumns g Feb Al p.ev t).ttg

alt.1..
paU: t of \'t
*
 \

DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMNS ST'BJECT TO A.XIAL LOAD AND tsENDING

AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING
Column Subject To Loacl with La,;ger Eccentricities
C Load diagrarn Strain diagrarn

Pn (a) Large axial load causes a crushing

(failure of the concrete with all bars
reaching their yield points in compression
--at 0..0fia0,
t/tr
'v''- z

ELEVATION
P, (b) Large axial load and smallmoment but
entire cross seciion in compression.
-)r- Failure occurs by crushing of the concrete,
0.00J00, all bars in compression
fs/E,

ELEVATION
P, ('c) Large axial load, rnoment larger than
in (b). Bars on far side in tension but have
not yielded. Fa;lure occurs by crushing
{,/Es () 00300 of the concreie

ELEVATIOI{

o 16e -ol
Pn
*
(d) balanced loading condition - bars on
tensile side yield at same time concrete

L
cn compression side crushes at 0.ASf
I
frE "
0.00300
"

ELEVAT'ON
(e) Large montent, relatively smallaxial
load - failure initiated by yielding of tensile
bars

ELEVATION
moment-railureoccurs

\\ | .,-,-u"
I3rTtJr:nbendins
4"
o roroo. M--ffi -.i, o"oo o
{
f ,E" ['ilfr..'Eiil'r:i:, |

ELEVATION

ro
2055 CE 424 e CE 4Z:S Lectute tli Cotumns 9 Feb 97 pev () rls
1u,i-
pale fi; af 1t,
 Column Strains

-t Loading
situation

n
M

--r]:::::.:T--r-
ELEVATION . I.'+j ti;;; I

Strains
. *-*w
,,

}$"'.t
ELEVATION

\: l

(a) Axial load (b) Moment ('c) Axial load

and moment

lnteraction curve forthecoturnn srrbject to Axiat Load and Moment

Po shorl axially
loaded column
Pn=kN,Mn=0 comDression
failure zone

Pn=kttt,Mn=kfl-m

P6,=kN,Mw=kN-m
'balahced sectiott"

T tension
failure zone
Mn

Pr=0,M,=klt-nt
clcuhly reinfoiced heam

-P, =kN, tV, =g

Replacing circular cotumn with equivatent rectangular one used in the

detenninatioll of the interaction curye for the circutar column.
{Whitney's Method)
x

SECTION
r t_-_
_-=}
a
sil
t
SECTION
'; o,*u*, )

:l actual circular column

2AAA CE 424 & CE 425 L._.lwe {t14 Corumns 9 Feb 07 Rev 0 y.ls
eq,t iv a[e n t rectang u I a r col u m n

1,v?
Siago 11 o{ 18
 USE OF INTERAGTION DIAGRAMS
Column lnteraction fliagram

o Pn 1O09/" axial
load
cantpression
failure regiott
Axiat
Load
P;
"balaru:ed loading"

I
Mn

bending strength
of member

---> Mornent M,

lnteraction curves for a "particular" rectangular column with different sets of

of reirrforcing bars

Axial
Load
P,
6-25mm @

I 8-25mmO-
I lA-25mm

M,=Pre
Moment M,

,/7 il
./l1.t.r\ //
2CCA CE 424 e CE 425 Leclure ll14 Columne g Feb A'/ ti.r:v 0.tls
l' /.
pafie 12 <t 16
 CODE MODIFICATIONS OF COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAMS
Three modifications of column interaction tliagralns

o (a) The Code specifies strength reduclion faclor or rD factors i0.70 for tierJ columns ancl
A.75.fo: spiralcolumns) that must be multiplied by Pn values lo obtain design values.
Thus, the column design interaction curves must be scaled down to reflect the effect
of @ factors
(b) The Code states that for members with f, not exceeding 415 MPa vith symmetrical
reinforcing and with (h - d' - d ,)/tt not less than 0. 70 ,ll'te value of Q may be increased
linearly from A.70 or 0.75 lo 0.90 as QP n decreases from 0.10f .Ao to zero.
For other metrbers, @ may be increase d linearly from 0.70 or 0.75 lo 0,gA as QP
tt
decreases from 0. 10r or Qp u (whichever rs smaller) to zero.
"A s
The effect cf this rnodification is to produce a "break" in the lower part of a clesign
interaction curye_
Shouid there be a tensile axial load, @ willalways be 0.90.
('c) The maximum permissible column loacls were specified for columns no matter how

As a result, the upper part of each design interaction curve is shown as a horizontal
line representirig the approp riate value of
for tied columns
P, = {DPn-.*
P,, =, B0 @ [0.85 f'. (Ac - A *) + fv A NSCP rO - 2
"t]
should be (N$CP 410 -21
- spiralcolumns
P, = @Pn_r*
p,= o..ai'ito-Bgr.(as.As)*frA,,l Nscp{0-I

I should be (NSCP
It is to be remembered that the above two fdrmutas were developed to be approximately
equivalent loads applied with eccentricities of 0.10h for tied cotumns and 0-0sh
for spiral columns.
41O - 1l

@..:;."."@'

.e. s.
SECT|ON"
6

B .' ...o

h-d'-d,
cut oif hecause of
. maximum QP,
formulas (c)

QP,

b;eak due to
modi{iecl tD
values (b)

0
@M,

,t.lu4,
2C56 CE 424 ?. CE 425 Leclure i14 Calumns g Feb 0l He,t {t.t-ts pas|. B ot tt
 ropriate wanring and reminclers

o (?s stated in the bo.ok)

1. Be sure that the column tongitudinat bar

Iay-out at the upper ight of the interaction
curve being used agree.s with the column
SECTION being cAn$ic;ercd. Determine if therc are
bars on two faces of the column or on all
four faces. lf the wrang curue is selected,
the answer may be inconect.
ELEVATION
page 710 lnteraction Diagram Graph 1B
f"=4ksi(27.6MPa) 2. Column interaction curueis ar" notprcvided
f , = 60 ksi (413.7 Mpa) in the text for the usuAl .$l cancrcte
Y - o-45 sfrengfhs (21 MPa,24 MPa,2B fi/lpa, etc.)
page 710 lnteraction Diagram Graph i9 or for the usual steel yield strength
f =4ksi(27.6Mpa)
" fi2a MPa). The diagrams may be apptied
f
,
= 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) for the conesponding units Sl unifs
Y = 4.60 (27.6 MPa and 41J. / MOa), just as they
page 71'l lnteraction Diagram Graph 20 are forthe ll.S. Customary units, butit
f"=4ksi(27.6MPa) is necessary io make r.'.se ol a conversion
f , = 6A ksi (413./ MPa) factor.
Y = 0.75 tf it is
desired to determine the value of
page 71 lnteraction Diagram Graptr
1 21 P ,
for a given column where we enter
f,=4ksi(27.6MPa)

I
tlre diagrams witlt e/h and p and pick off
f t = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) "- QP n/A s or @P , elA n h, we must divide
y = 0.9a the results hy 0.006 Bg5 or multiply
spiral column them by 145.033. lf we are using St units
and we wish to use the diagrams to
determine the requircd vatie of p for a
particular eolumn, we enter the cliagrams
vtith cDP , e/A o h or <0P n/A divided hy
o
0.006 895 - that ts, muttiplied hy 145.03J.

3' For tensile failures below the balanced points on the curves, a reduction
in the axiat
load would reduce the notnent capacity. As a resLtlt, the de'signer
may theoretically
have to check tvvo loading situations fotr coiumns in this ,rngi.
The designer wouii have
to check the column for the /a4gest p, and M values and also
, woutd nive to ir],"",,
for the smallest axial load value that could occur at the
same time as the maximufr M r.

2CA5 CE 424 A CE 425 Leciure #14 Columns g Feh A7 p.ev rt.tls

'J*k'
aaqe 15 ol 13
 'l
ANALYSIS OF EGCENTRICALLY LOApED cOt.UMN$ USTNG INTERACT|ON.D|AGRAm$
Column interaction
raction q-agrarns fogn!!_!_n _=--6:i;-.Ft---.
of Reinforced Concrete," Sih Ei ,tJy McCorrnac

r-"-l
I-l:l
i l" .l
Ll
I

: r:irl
I

n:l lrvn-r
ii-ll,i' ,, -l
,el
I

SECTICN \,
LTI
SECTIQN k o >Lt'"
I=-l
>LP,

ELEVATTON aI=_*_ ELEVATTON 1A-

page 702 lnteraction Diagram R3-60.45 Ittteractiorr Diagram E3-00.45 page 704
f. = 3 ksi (20.7 MPa) f"=3ksi(20-7MPa)
f , = 60 ksi(413.7 MPa) f
, = 6C ksi (413.7 MPa)
Y = 0.45 Y = 0.45
page702 lnteraction Diagrarn R3-60.G0 trrt-ra@ page 704
f"=3ksi(20.7MPa) f,=3ksi(20.7MPa)
f , = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) f , = 6o ksi (413.7 MPa) .n
Y = 0.60 Y = 0.60
page 703 lnteraction Diagram R3-6C.75 lnteraction Diagrarn E3-60.75 7nt
,UiJ
f,=3ksi(20.7MPa) f"=3ksi(20.7Moa)
f
, = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) fv=6Aksi(413.7flPa)
Y = 4.75 v = 0.75
page 703 lnteraction Diagram R3-6().90 lnteraction Diagram E3-60.SO page 705
lf"=3ksi(2o.7MPa) f"=3l$i(20"7MPa)
I
'f
y = 6o ksi(413.7 MPa) fy = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa)
Y = 0.90 Y = 0.90
page 746 Interaction Diagram R4-60.45 ilnteraslion Diagram Etl-60.45 vage 7Ae
f = 4 ksi(27.6 MPa) f , = 4 ksi(27.6 Mt)a)
"
f , = 60 ksi(413.7 MPa) f , = 60 ksi(413.7 MPa)
Y = 0.45 Y = 0.45
page 706 lnteraction Diagram R4-60.60 lnteraction Diagram E4-60.60 708
f = 4 ksi(27.6 MPa) f . = 4 ksi(27.6 MPa)
"
f
, = 60 ksi(413.7 MPa) f , = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa)
Y= 0.60 Y = 0.60
page 707 lnteraction Diagram R -60.I5 lnteraction Diagram E4-60.75 page 709
f"=4ksi(27.6MPa) f.=4ksi(27.6MPa)
i, = 6A ksi (413.7 MPa) f
, = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa)
y -- 0.75 y -- 0.75
page 707 lnterar:tion Diagram R++O.SO lnteraction Diagram E4-60.90 page 70s
f.=4ksi(27.6MPa) f.=4ksi(27.6MPa)
fy = 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) fy = 60 ksi(413.7 MPa)
Y = o.9o v = 0.90

I
I
Tied column with bars on Tied column with bans on
all4 faces 2lateral faces

olwy
20C6 CE 424 & CE 425 Lecture #t4 Coftrmns 9 Feb 07 Rev 0.xls pagb u ol 18

. . .,::::.

:l.l' l
'
l'ir
 Problem #3: Analysis
Use the column interaction tJiasranrs in rhe Apperrdix or thc texlroofBTlfi*?

o Reinforced concrete," Fifth Eclition by Jack Mccormac, John wiley & soni, lnc.,
to determine P, value for the short tied rectarrgular coltrnrn shown it f
(4 ks? ancl f , = 413.7 MPa (60 ks) - Remember to apply the conversion
27.6 Mpa
" =factor.

e, = 250 mm

SECTICN

$
v
,rr{ 260mn

.4OO mm

,=250mm given
e. 250 Q.625
h 400

p =
arillh 48?5 0.024127
(400)(500) 20a000

2A9. 0.65
=
400

Y 0.6 0.
' QP r9.
0.47 0.
A.h
E4-60.60

0.60 0.65
Z 0.47 + [9.99:_a.ga By similar triangle
(0.5s - 0.47)
[{0"75 - 0.60)l
? 0.47 + ff0.65 - 0 60)/(0 75 - 0.60)l(0.5s _ 0.47)
? 0.496667

@8"9
14b.033 x Anh 0.4g6667

P, 9-496667 G00' $0u Hw

0.70 (250) t45.03s
Pn 39733360 :

25381
Po. 1ti65 kN

0 2CA6 CE 424 A CE 425 Leclure it I4 Calumns 9 Feb A7 p.ev a ls 7';'

page 10 of 18
-l

use the column interaction diagrams. in ilre Appendix of flre textbook, ,'Deslg;n of
Reinforced concrete," Fifth Edition by Jack Mccormac, John wiley & soni, tnc.,
to determine P, vaiue for the short spiral circular column shown if f = 27.6 Mpa
@ ksi)
"
and f , = 413-7 MPa (60 ksl) . Remember to apply the conversion factor.

6-32mm A
Dam e; = 150.mm
cy=2-00r;tn

SECTION

70 rnrn
ex 150 mn given
ey 200
mnl given
e ,l@12 +e12I
e ,l1t soz + 2oo2 )
e 250 mm

e 29e 0.56
h 454

t 32!/+

ll p 6 4825 0.030341
ff 4502 /4 1 59044

3tc 0.69
450
v U.UU 0.6e 0.75
I oP,e
I aon_ 0.41 0-524
@o, Y
Graph 19 Graoh20

o.9Ll) ? &4qr 0.60 0.69

o.4t + rt@-o.ao,t By.simitar tiangle
rffilo.+r1 [p..7!i- 0.60)J rn.94
? 'V^ - 0.41)
o.4t t1g6* a6q/6 ts - 0.6o)t(@
?
coP
q,!$N'a,j'it
14s.o3s * Anh
oe
o.{*{
Pn
_ _p.75 (250) 145.0s3
Pn <sap&>'2.'

I 2A06 CE 424 A
Pn

CE 425 Lecture #14 Columrc g Feb 0t

'E*
l),ev
KN

0,is
1,,'w
1w[-
ltagle 17 al lti
r
7

23-Feb-O7

VYord Problents
.4, The kind of concrele column that is normally composed of structural sieel shapes and longiludinal
25.0% bars used lo reinforce the said colutnn
(ai) short compression blocks or pedestals
(a2) short reinforced concrete columns
(a3) Long or slendei reinforced cortcrete columns
(a4) Composite eolumns

b The maximum spacing of a spiral reinforcemenl of a reinforced concrete column is:

25.O%
:ri;,]"'.i 4,':,
(bl) 75 mm
(b2) 16 longitudinal bars
(t3) least columr dimension
(b4) 25 mm

c- The ooint in the interaction curve which represents the loading case, where the capbcity is basically
2s.o% composed of purely bendin(l capacity of the column

Axial
Load
P,

r t
I,
(c1) Point A
(c2) Point B
(ca) Point C
,iri liir (c4) Point D

d. The e/h lines fuund irt the column interar:tion diagramfor circular spiral column in textbook, Design of
2s.oto Reinforced Concretre, Filth Edition, range
,:;.i:ilui (d1) 0.05 to 1.00
(d2) 0.10 to 1.00
(d3) 0.01 io 0.08
(d4) 0 to 0.08

page 2 ot 6
2006 CE 124 & CE 125 Quiz *45 23 Feb 07 Rev o xls
 (a) Longitudinal bar clear spacing = (n (370) - 10 (25))/6 = 91 _24 mm > 25 mm
andd6 of 22mm (oKt
(b) Steel percentage: O.0050 < (4 9Og/159 0431 = 0.030A66
A column can have l95steel if the column has been made laryerthan is necessary
to cbrry the toads because of architectunl or other reasons (oKt
('c) Number of bars = 6 = minimurn no. of 6 (ot9.
(d) Minirnum tie size = 1O mmO bar for 22 mm0 bngiturlinat bar (oKt
(e) Spacing of ties (oK)
o Anangement of ties (oK)

2m6 CE,l24 & CE 425 Quiz#5 23 Feb 07 Rev o.xts page 5 of6
:

.);. :::'
, i:l .,.
 Quiz#5
Problem #2:
Design an axially loaded short spiral column for P o =500kN,Pt=1050kN,
f 27 MPa and f v = 275 MPa .lnilially assurne p e = O.O3 . Cast-in-place (nonprestressed) concrete
"=
not exposed to the weather or in contact with ground.

Solution:
;,t,#,-!rqffi,] setecti n g col um n Dimensions
Pr= 1-4Po+1.7Pr
P, = 1.4 (500) + 1.7 (1050t
P, = 2485 kN

Pu= 0.85Ap.slf.(As-Ail)+frAo! NSCP10-{(NSCP4{0-1}

2 4A5x1O3
= o.85(O-75) [O.85(2't)(As-Q.OgAs)+ 275(O.O3 AilJ
2 485x 1o' = 0.637i [1T.AS(O.gT As) + 8.ZS Ac]
2 485 x 10" = '0.63T5 p6.l A sl

tJse 450 mm'--gJAo = tSg Oqe mm'-l

2 485 x 10' = 0.85 (0.75) p.Ss (21t (159 043 - A *) + 275 o:,
i 3 898 039 = 2838 9r8 - 17.85 Ad + 275 A *
'
:
, 059121 = 257.15 Aa
A = 10 n (25)'/4 = 4 909 mm' 1or.;
"ttu.
Use 10 - 25 mm0 barc H 909 mm1)
Design of spirals lAssuming 1O mmfi barsl
A. 1 T G7q2/4 = 1O7 521 mntz
ft/finimum p = 0-45 (As/A * - 1) f c / f y (NSCP 410 - 6)
Minimum p," = 0.45 (fl59 A4g/107 521)- 1). e1fr75)

p"= 4?r(D.-dal
. sD.2 d s = rr flqz /4 = 78-54 mm'
, 0.016 466= 4 fd.F+l (37-0; l0 sprhls
s p7q2
s= 50 mm 25mm<s=50mm<75mm
pitch
Use 10 mm@ spirats @ 50 mm o.c.
40

All dimensions are in mm

o
N
c)
tl 450
o SECTION
mmO spiraB
1A
@ 4A mm o.c.

a
2006 CE 42,1 & CE 425 Quiz f5 23 Feb 07 Rev O.xls page 4 of6
 Qtriz #5

Use the column interaction diagranrs in the Appendix of the textbook, "Design of Reinforced Concrete,"
Fifth Edition by Jack McCormac, John Wiley & Sons, lne., to determine P n value for the shor! tied
rectangular column shown il f , = 20.7 MPa (3 ksi) and f y -- 413.7 MPa (6O ksi). Eccentricity along the
long axis of the column is 400mm. Column is precasl concrete (manufactured under plant conditions)
not exposed to weather or in conlact with ground:

8-28mm @
barc

SECTION

28

e, = 400 mm given

e 400 0.762
h 525

s n 2s1/A 4s2Q 0.0209

(450)(525) 236250

469 0.893
525

:::::::::::::;:;:::::T...1
f
o.75 0.893 0.90
?'
(0.47 - 0.43)
I(O-893 - 0.75il By similarlriangle
K0.s0 - 0.75)l
? Ft).893 0.75),(0,50 - 0,75)XO.47 - 0.43)
? 0.0381

14s.0gg, !2E"9. 0.43+ ? -- 0.468

Aoh

Pa 0.448 (450, (525t (525t

0.7a 900) 145.03s
Pn
18e!t325
40609
"Pn 14?e kN

2006 CE 424 & CE 425 Quiz #5 23 Feb 07 Rev O.xls page 6 of 6