8th Std Science Term II Book Back

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Class 8th Standard

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Science Term II

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Book Back Questions – New Syllabus
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Check other class book back questions on

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https://www.governmentexams.co.in/
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8th Std Science Term II Book Back

Table of Contents

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Unit No Unit Name Page No.

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1. Heat 3

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2. Electricity 7

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3. Air 11
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Atomic Structure 14
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5. Movements 17
6. Reaching the age of Adolescence 21
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7. Digital Painting 26
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8th Std Science Term II Book Back

Unit 1
Heat
I. Choose the best answer:

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1. Heat is a form of ________.
a) electrical energy b) gravitational energy c) thermal energy d) None of these

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2. If you apply some heat energy to a substance, which of the following can take
place in it?

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a) Expansion b) Increase in temperature c) Change of state d) All the above.

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3. Which of the following substances will absorb more heat energy?

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a) Solid b) Liquid c) Gas d) All the above
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4. If you apply equal amount of heat to a solid, liquid and gas individually, which
of the following will have more expansion?
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a) Solid b) Liquid c) Gas d) All of them
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5. The process of converting a liquid into a solid is called_________.

a) sublimation b) condensation c) freezing d) deposition
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6. Conduction is the heat transfer which takes place in a____________.

a) solid b) liquid c) gas d) All of them
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Ans: 1.c; 2.d; 3.d; 4.d; 5.c; 6.a

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II. Fill in the blanks:

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1. A calorimeter is a device used to measure the________.

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2. _______ is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of

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1kg of a substance by 1°C.

3. A thermostat is a device which maintains _________.
4. The process of converting a substance from gas to solid is called_________.
5. If you apply heat energy, the temperature of a system will ________.
6. If the temperature of a liquid in a container is decreased, then the interatomic
distance will ___________.

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Ans: 1. heat capacity of water; 2.specific heat capacity; 3.temperature of an

object constant; 4.deposition; 5.increase; 6.decrease

III. State True or False. If false, correct the statement:

1. The applied heat energy can be realized as an increase in the average kinetic
energy of the molecules.

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Ans: True

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2. The dimensions of a substance are increased if the temperature of the
substance is decreased.

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Ans: False
Correct statement: the dimensions of a substance are increased if the

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temperature of the substance is increased.

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3. The process of converting a substance from solid to gas is called condensation.
Ans: False
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Correct statement: the process of converting a substance from solid to gas is
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called sublimation.
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4. Convection is the process by which the thermal energy flows in solids.

Ans: False
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Correct statement: convection is the process by which the thermal energy flows
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in liquids and gases.

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5. The amount of heat gained by a substance is equal to the product of its mass
and latent heat.
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Ans: True
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6. In a thermos flask, the silvered walls reflect and radiate the heat to the outside.
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Ans: False
Correct statement: in a thermos flask, the silvered walls reflect radiated heat
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back to the liquid in the bottle.

IV. Match the following:

1. Conduction - a) Liquid
2. Convection - b) Gas to liquid

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3. Radiation - c) Solid to gas

4. Sublimation - d) Gas
5. Condensation - e) Solid

Ans: 1-e; 2-a; 3-d; 4-c; 5-b.

V. Read the directions given below and answer the questions.

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a. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation
of the assertion.

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b. If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
of the assertion.
c. If the assertion is true, but the reason is false.

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d. If the assertion is false, but the reason is true.

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1. Assertion: Radiation is a form of heat transfer which takes place only in

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vacuum.
Reason: The thermal energy is transferred from one part of a substance to
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another part without the actual movement of the atoms or molecules.
Ans: b. If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct
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explanation of the assertion.
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2. Assertion: A system can be converted from one state to another state.

Reason: It takes place when the temperature of the system is constant.
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Ans: a. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct
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explanation of the assertion.

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VI. Answer briefly.

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1. What are the applications of conduction in our daily life?

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Ans:
 We cook food in vessels made up of metals. When the vessel is heated,
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heat is transferred from the metal to the food.

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 When we iron dresses heat is transferred from the iron to the cloth.
 Handles of cooking utensils are made up of plastic or wood because they
are poor conductors of heat.
 The temperature inside igloo (snow house) is warm because snow is a poor
conductor of heat.

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2. What are the effects of heat?

Ans:
 Expansion
 Increase in temperature
 Change in state

3. Name three types of heat transfer.

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Ans:

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1. Conduction

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2. Convection
3. Radiation

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4. What is conduction?
Ans: The process of heat transfer in solids from the region of higher temperature

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to the region of lower temperature without the actual movement of atoms or
molecules is called as conduction. te
5. Write a note on convection.
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Ans: The form of heat transfer from places of high temperature to places of low
temperature by the actual movement of molecules is called convection.
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Convection takes place in liquids and gases.

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6. Define specific heat capacity.

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Ans: Specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy
required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C or 1 K. It is
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denoted by the symbol C.

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7. Define one calorie.

Ans: One calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature
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of 1 gram of water through 1°C.

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Unit 2
Electricity
I. Choose the best answer:

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1. When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, the charge acquired by the fur is.
(a) negative (b) positive (c) partly positive and partly negative (d) none of these

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2. The electrification of two different bodies on rubbing is because of the transfer
of

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(a) neutrons (b) protons (c) electrons (d) protons and neutrons

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3. Which of the following a simple circuit must have?

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(a) energy source, battery, load (b) energy source, wire, load
(c) energy source, wire, switch (d) battery, wire, switch
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4. An electroscope has been charged by induction with the help of charged glass-
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rod. The charge on the electroscope is
(a) negative (b) positive (c) both positive and negative (d) none of the above
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5. Fuse is
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(a) a switch (b) a wire with low resistance

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(c) a wire with high resistance

(d) a protective device for breaking an electric circuit
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II. Fill in the blanks:

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1. ____________ takes place by rubbing objects together.

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Ans: transfer of electron.

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2. The body which has lost electrons becomes ___________

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Ans: positive.

3. _______________ is a device that protects building from lightning strike.

Ans: lightning arrestor.

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4. ______________ has a thin metallic filament that melts and breaks the
connection when the circuit is overheated.
Ans: electric fuse.

5. Three bulbs are connected end to end from the battery. This connection is
called __________
Ans: series circuit.

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III. State true or false. If false, correct the statement:

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1. The charge acquired by an ebonite rod rubbed with a piece of flannel is
negative.

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Ans: true.

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2. A charged body induces an opposite charge on an unchanged body when they

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are brought near.
Ans: true.
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3. Electroscope is a device used to charge a body by induction.
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Ans: true.
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4. Water can conduct electricity.

Ans: true.
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5. In parallel circuit, current remains the same in all components.

Ans: false.
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Correct statement: in parallel circuit, voltage remains the same in all

components.
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IV. Match the following:

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1. Two similar charges -(a) acquires a positive charge

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2. Two dissimilar charges -(b) prevents a circuit from overheating

3. When glass rod is rubbed with silk -(c) repel each other
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4. When ebonite rod is rubbed with fur -(d) attract each other
5. Fuse -(e) acquires a negative charge
Ans: 1-c; 2-d; 3-a; 4-e; 5-b.

VI. Choose the correct answer from the following directions.

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a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
b) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation
of assertion.
c) If the assertion is true but reason is false.
d) If the assertion is false but reason is true.

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1. Assertion: People struck by lightning receive a severe electrical shock.

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Reason: Lightning carries very high voltage.

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Ans: a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.

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2. Assertion: It is safer to stand under a tall tree during lightning.

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Reason: It will make you the target for lightning.

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Ans: d) If the assertion is false but reason is true.

VII. Answer briefly.

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1. How charges are produced by friction?
Ans: Rubbing certain materials with one another can cause the built-up of
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electrical charges on the surfaces. So charges are produced by friction.

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Eg: Combing hair charges are transferred from the hair to comb due to friction.
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2. What is Earthing?
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Ans: Earthing is the process of connecting the exposed metal parts of an electrical
circuit to the ground.
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3. What is electric circuit?

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Ans: The path through which electrons flow from one terminal to another
terminal of the source is called electric circuit.
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4. What is electroplating?
Ans: The process of depositing a layer of one metal over the surface of another
metal by passing electric current is called electroplating.

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5. Give some uses of electroplating.

Ans:
 We use iron in bridges and automobiles to provide strength.
 A coating of zinc is deposited on iron to protect it from corrosion and
formation of rust.
 Chromium has a shiny appearance. It does not corrode.
 It resists scratches.

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Unit 3
Air
I. Choose the correct answer:

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1. Which of the following is true about oxygen?
(a) completely burning gas (b) partially burning gas

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(c) doesn’t support burning (d) supports burning

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2. Aerated water contains

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(a) air (b) oxygen (c) carbon dioxide (d) nitrogen

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3. Solvay process is a method to manufacture

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(a) lime water (b) aerated water (c) distilled water (d) sodium carbonate
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. Carbon dioxide with water changes
(a) blue litmus to red (b) red litmus to blue
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(c) blue litmus to yellow (d) doesn’t react with litmus
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5. Which of the following is known as azote?

(a) oxygen (b) nitrogen (c) sulpher (d) carbon dioxide
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II. Fill in the blanks:

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1. ____________ is called as vital life.

Ans: oxygen.
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2. Nitrogen is __________ than air.

Ans: lighter.
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3. __________ is used as a fertilizer.

Ans: nitrogen.

4. Dry ice is used as a __________

Ans: refrigerant.

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5. The process of conversion of iron into hydrated form of oxides is called

___________
Ans: rusting.

III. Match the following:

1. Nitrogen - (a) respiration in living animals
2. Oxygen - (b) fertilizer

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3. Carbon dioxide - (c) refrigerator

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4. Dry ice - (d) fire extinguisher

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Ans: 1-b; 2-a; 3-d; 4-c

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IV. Answer briefly:

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1. What are the sources of oxygen?
Ans:

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I. Atmospheric air, water.
II. Plants and animals. te
III. Minerals in the form of silicates, carbonates, oxides.
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2. Mention the physical properties of oxygen.
Ans:
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 Oxygen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas.

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 It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

 Oxygen dissolves readily in cold water.
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 It is denser than air.

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 It can be made into liquid (liquefied) at high pressure and low temperature.
 It supports combustion.
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3. List out the uses of nitrogen.

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Ans:
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 Liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant.

 It provides an inert atmosphere for conducting certain chemical reactions.
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 It is used to prepare ammonia (by Haber’s process) which is then converted

into fertilizers and nitric acid.
 It is used for inflating tyres of vehicles.

4. Write about the reaction of nitrogen with non metals.

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Ans: Nitrogen reacts with non-metals like hydrogen, oxygen etc., at high
temperature to form their corresponding nitrogen compounds.

Non-metal + Nitrogen Nitrogen compound

5. What is global warming?

Ans: The increased green house effect is caused due to increase in the air

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pollutants and it results in the average increase of temperature of the

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atmosphere. This is called as Global warming.

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6. What is dry ice? What are its uses?

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Ans:
 Solid carbon dioxide, called as dry ice is used as a refrigerant.

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 The gas is so cold that moisture in the air condenses on it, creating a dense

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fog which is used in stage shows and movie effects.
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Unit 4
Atomic structure
I. Choose the best answer:

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1. The same proportion of carbon and oxygen in the carbon dioxide from different
sources proves the law of __________

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(a) reciprocal proportion (b) definite proportion

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(c) multiple proportion (d) conservation of mass

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2. Cathode rays are made up of ___________

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(a) neutral particles (b) positively charged particles
(c) negatively charged particles (d) none of the above

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3. In water, hydrogen and oxygen are combined in the ratio of ________ by mass.
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(a) 1 : 8 (b) 8 : 1 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 1 : 3
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4. Which of the following statements made by dalton has not undergone any
change?
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(a) atoms cannot be broken.

(b) atoms combine in small, whole numbers to form compounds.
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(c) elements are made up of atoms.

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(d) all atoms of an elements are alike.

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5. In all atoms of an element

(a) the atomic and the mass number are same.
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(b) the mass number is same and the atomic number is different.
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(c) the atomic number is same and the mass number is different.
(d) both atomic and mass numbers may vary.
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II. Fill in the blanks:

1. _____________ is the smallest particle of an element.

Ans: atom.

2. An element is composed of _________ atoms.

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Ans: same kind of

3. An atom is made up of ____________, ______________ and ___________.

Ans: proton, electron, neutron.

4. A negatively charged ions is called __________, while positively charged ion is

called ____________.

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Ans: anion, cation.

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5. ______________ is negatively charged particle (electron / proton).
Ans: electron.

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6. Proton is deflected towards the _________ charged plate. (positively,

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negatively).

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Ans: negatively.

III. Match the following:

1. Law of conservation of mass
2. Law of constant proportion
3. Cathode rays
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-(a) sir william crookes
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-(b) james chadwick
-(c) joseph proust

4. Anode rays -(d) lavoisier

5. Neutrons -(e) goldstein
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Ans: 1-d; 2-c; 3-a; 4-e; 5-b.

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IV. Answer briefly.

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1. State the law of conservation of mass.

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Ans: The law states that during any chemical change, the total mass of the
products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
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2. State the law of constant proportions.

Ans: Law of constant proportions states that in a pure chemical compound the
elements are always present in definite proportions by mass.

3. Write the properties of anode rays.

Ans:

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 Anode rays travel in straight lines.

 Anode rays are made up of material particles.
 Anode rays are deflected by electric and magnetic fields. Since, they are
deflected towards the negatively charged plate, they consist of positively
charged particles.

4. Define valency of an element with respect to hydrogen.

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Ans: Valency of an element is defined as the number of hydrogen atoms which

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combine with one atom of it.

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5. Define the term ions or radicals.

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Ans: An atom or a group of atoms when they either lose or gain electrons, get

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converted into ions or radicals.

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6. What is a chemical equation?
Ans: A chemical equation is a short hand representation of a chemical reaction
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with the help of chemical symbols and formula.
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7. Write the names of the following compounds.
a) CO - Carbon monoxide.
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b) N2O - Nitrous oxide

c) NO2 - Nitrogen dioxide
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d) PCl5 - Phosphorous pentachloride

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Unit 5
Movements
I. Choose the best answer:

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1. Which of the following parts of our body help us in movement?
(i) bones (II) skin (III) muscles (iv) organs

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choose the correct answer from the options below:

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(a) (i) and (III) (b) (II) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (III) and (II)

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2. Which one of the following organisms lack muscles and skeleton for

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movement?
(a) dog (b) snail (c) earthworm (d) human beings

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3. ____________ joints are immovable. te
(a) shoulder and arm (b) knee and joint
(c) upper jaw and skull (d) lower jaw and upper jaw
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4. Why do underwater divers wear fin-like flippers on their feet?

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(a) to swim easily in water (b) to look like a fish

(c) to walk on water surface (d) to walk over the bottom of the sea (sea bed).
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5. External ear (pinna) is supported by

(a) bone (b) cartilage (c) tendon (d) capsule
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6. Cockroach moves with the help of its

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(a) leg (b) bone (c) muscular foot (d) whole body
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7. Which one of the following categories of vertebrae are correctly numbered?

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(a) cervical-7 (b) thoracic-10 (c) lumbar-4 (d) sacral-4

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II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Movement of organisms from place is called ____________
Ans: locomotion.

2. ____________ refers to change in position of the part of an organisms body.

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Ans: movement.

3. A structure which provides rigid frame work to the body is called

____________
Ans: skeleton.

4. Axial skeleton in human consists of ________, ____________, ___________

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and __________.

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Ans: skull, facial sternum, ribs, vertebral column.

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5. Appendicular skeleton in human consists of _________ and __________.

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Ans: pelvic, pectoral girdle.

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6. The place where two bones meet is termed as ____________.

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Ans: joint.
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7. ___________ is attacked to soft parts of the body like blood vessels, iris,
bronchi and the skin.
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Ans: smooth muscle.
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8. ___________ muscle makes pupil of eyes wider.

Ans: radial.
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III. State true or false. If false, correct the statement:

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1. Skull in human consist of 22 bones.

Ans: True.
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2. There are 12 pairs of ribs in human body.

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Ans: True.
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3. Pelvic girdle is a part of axial skeleton.

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Ans: False.
Correct statement: pelvic girdle is a part of appendicular skeleton.

4. Hinge joint is slightly movable joint.

Ans: True.

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5. Cardiac muscle if a voluntary muscle.

Ans: False.
Correct statement: cardiac muscle if an involuntary muscle.

6. The flexor and extensor muscle of the arm are antagonistic muscles.
Ans: True.

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IV. Answer very briefly.

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1. What is skeleton?
Ans: The skeleton system provides the hard structure or framework to the human

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body which supports and protects the body.
It is composed of connective tissues like bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

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2. What is cranium?

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Ans: Skull has 22 bones of which 8 bones are fixed together to form the cranium.
It is called brain box since it protects the brain.
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3. Why our backbone is slightly moveable?
Ans: In the backbone, vertebrae are joined by gliding points, which allow the body
to be bent back, front or side wards.
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4. Differentiate axial and appendicular skeleton.

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Ans:
Axial Skeleton:
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The axial skeleton consists of the bones along the axis, or central line of the
human body and consists of the skull, facial bones, sternum, ribs, and vertebral
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column.
Appendicular Skeleton:
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The appendicular skeleton contains the bones in the appendages of the body, as
well as the structures that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton. It
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comprises the shoulder girdle; the arm, wrist, and hand bones; the pelvic girdle;
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and the leg, ankle, and foot bones.

5. What is ligament?
Ans: A ligament is a band of strong fibrous tissue which connects a bone to a
bone.

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6. Define Muscle.
Ans: Muscles are long bundles of contractile tissue, which has a fixed end (Origin)
and movable end which pulls some other part.

7. Differentiate tendons and ligament.

Ans:
Tendon:

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 They are made of elastic tissue.

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 They attach muscle to a bone

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Ligament:
 They are short bands of tough fibrous connective tissues.

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 They connect one bone to another

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Unit 6
Reaching the age of adolescence
I. Choose the best answer:

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1. Adolescence is the period of life between __________ years of age.

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(a) 10 to 16 (b) 11 to 17 (c) 11 to 19 (d) 11 to 20

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2. The period at which an organism attains sexual maturity is called
____________

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(a) puberty (b) adolescence (c) growth (d) maturity

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3. During puberty, the region below the waist become wider in __________
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(a) boys (b) girls (c) both a and b (d) none of these
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4. Adam’s apple is the growth of the _________
(a) pharynx (b) thyroid (c) larynx (d) parathyroid
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5. Many adolescent boys and girls get pimples on face, due to the secretions of
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___________
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(a) sweat (b) sebaceous (c) sweat and sebaceous (d) none of these
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6. The sperm is produced by ___________

(a) penis (b) ovary (c) uterus (d) testes
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7. __________ are the chemical substances, secreted by endocrine glands.

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(a) hormones (b) enzymes (c) proteins (d) fatty acids

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8. Androgen production is regulated by _________

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(a) GH hormone (b) LH hormone (c) TSH hormone (d) ACTH hormone

9. During menstruation, the progesterone level is ___________

(a) decreased (b) increased (c) ceased (d) normal

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10. _____________ intake needs to be increased to prevent osteoporosis in later

life.
(a) potassium (b) phosphorus (c) iron (d) calcium

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ________ is secreted by the ovaries of female.

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Ans: estrogen.

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2. The hormones secreted by the gonads are controlled by _________
Ans: anterior pituitary.

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3. Milk secretion during lactation is controlled by ___________ hormone.

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Ans: prolactin.

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4. The male and the female gamete fuse together and form _________
Ans: zygote.
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5. The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and it is termed as __________
Ans: menarche
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6. _____________ usually occurs 14 days after ovulation.

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Ans: menstruation
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7. _________ includes protein, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite

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proportion.
Ans: balanced diet.
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8. ___________ helps to prevent thyroid gland related diseases.

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Ans: iodine.
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9. Iron deficiency leads to __________

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Ans: anaemia.

10. In women, fertilization takes place at __________

Ans: fallopian tube.

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III. State true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. There is a sudden increase in the height of both boys and girls during puberty.
Ans: True.

2. The release of ovum from the uterus is called ovulation.

Ans: True.

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3. During pregnancy, the corpus luteum continues to grow and produces large

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amount of estrogen and progesterone.

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Ans: True.

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4. Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may increase the chances of
infection.

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Ans: False.

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Correct statement: making use of disposable napkins or tampons may reduce the
chances of infection.
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5. Using clean toilets for defection is a good practice.
en
Ans: True.
m

IV. Match the following:

1. Puberty -(a) testosterone
n

2. Adam’s apple -(b) muscle development

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3. Androgen -(c) at 45 to 50 years of age

4. LCSH -(d) sexual maturity
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5. Menopause -(e) change in voice

Ans: 1-d; 2-e; 3-b; 4-a; 5-c.
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V. Answer briefly:
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1. What is adolescence?
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Ans: The term adolescence is derived from the Latin word ‘adolescere’ meaning
w

‘to grow’ or ‘grow to maturity’. Biologically it is a physical transition marked by

the onset of puberty and termination of physical growth in an individual.

2. List out the changes which occur during puberty.

Ans: Puberty transform the body of a child into that of an adult. These changes
are:
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8th Std Science Term II Book Back

 Changes in body size

 Changes in body proportion
 Development of primary sex characteristics
 Development of secondary sex characteristics.

3. What is secondary sex characteristics?

Ans: Secondary sex characteristics are the physical features which distinguish

in
male from female.

.
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4. What is fertilization?
Ans: The fusion of the sperm and egg is called fertilization.

s.
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5. Explain Menarche.
Ans: The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed Menarche.

xa
It is the beginning of adolescence, during which mental and emotional maturation
occurs and physical growth becomes pronounced.
te
6. Explain the process of pregnancy.
en
Ans:
 After ovulation, the ovum reaches the fallopian tube and fertilization takes
m

place.
 The fertilized egg undergoes development and it is implanted in the uterus.
n

 The corpus luteum continues to grow and produces large amount of

er

progesterone.
 This results in pregnancy. Normally, it lasts for 280 days, at the end of
ov

which parturition (child birth) takes place.

.g

7. Explain the importance of cleanliness during the time of menstrual cycle in girls.
w

Ans:
 Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of menstrual
w

cycle.
w

 Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may reduce chances of

infections. It should be changed frequently depending upon the menstrual
flow.

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8th Std Science Term II Book Back

8. How is adolescence differ from childhood?

Ans:
 The period of life from birth till 12 years is also childhood. Adolescence
begins from age of 12 -13 years.
Lot of changes in height, weight, sex organs, muscle mass etc, occur in
adolescence.

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w
w
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8th Std Science Term II Book Back

Unit 7
Digital Painting
I. Choose the correct answer:
1. Tux paint software is used to ____________

in
(a) paint (b) program (c) scan (d) PDF

.
2. Which toolbar is used for drawing and editing controls in tux paint software?

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(a) left side: toolbar (b) right side: toolbar
(c) middle: toolbar (d) bottom: toolbar

s.
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3. What is the shortcut key for undo option?
(a) ctrl + z (b) ctrl + r (c) ctrl + y (d) ctrl + n

xa
4. Tux math software helps in learning the __________
te
(a) painting (b) arithmetic (c) drawing (d) graphics
en
5. In tux math, space cadet option is used for ___________
(a) simple addition (b) division (c) drawing (d) multiplication
m

II. Answer briefly.

n

1. What is Tux Paint?

er

Ans: Tux Paint is a free drawing program designed for young children.
ov

2. What is the use of Text Tool?

Ans: Text tool is used to type texts.
.g

3. What is the shortcut key for Save option?

w

Ans: Ctrl + S
w

4. What is Tux Math?

w

Ans: Tux Math is an open source arcade – style video game for learning
arithmetic.

5. What is the use of Ranger?

Ans: Ranger is used to do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to ten.

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