james (jaj4329) – HW 09.

1-2 – rusin – (52435) 1

This print-out should have 8 questions. Find all values of r for which the function
Multiple-choice questions may continue on y = ert satisfies the differential equation
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. y ′′ + 12y ′ + 35y = 0.

001 10.0 points

1. r = 5, 7
Find all nonzero values of k for which the
function y = A sin kt + B cos kt satisfies the
differential equation 2. r = −12

y ′′ + 49y = 0
3. r = −7, −5 correct
for all values of A and B.
4. r = 12, 35
1. k = 49, −49
5. r = −35, −12
2. k = 7, −7 correct
6. r = −7
3. k = −7
Explanation:
4. k = 49 We will begin by solving for y ′ and y ′′ .

y = ert
5. k = 7 y ′ = rert
y ′′ = r 2 ert .
6. k = −49
We compute
Explanation:
We will begin by solving for y ′′ . y ′′ + 12y ′ + 35y = r 2 ert + 12rert + 35ert
= (r 2 + 12r + 35)ert
y = A sin kt + B cos kt
y ′ = Ak cos kt − Bk sin kt = (r + 7)(r + 5)ert .
y ′′ = −Ak 2 sin kt − Bk 2 cos kt Hence y ′′ + 12y ′ + 35y = 0 if and only if
= −k 2 (A sin kt + B cos kt) k = −7, −5. Thus,
= −k 2 y.
k = −7, −5 .
We compute

y ′′ + 49y = −k 2 y + 49y 003 10.0 points

2
= (49 − k )y. The family of solutions to the differential
equation y ′ = −3y 2 is y = 3x+C
1
.
Hence y ′′ + 49y = 0 if and only if k 2 = 49, i.e., Find the solution that satisfies the initial
if and only if k = ±7. Hence, condition y(−6) = 3.
9
k = 7, −7 . 1. y(x) =
3(x + 6) + 3
1
2. y(x) =
002 10.0 points 9(x + 6) + 3
 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.1-2 – rusin – (52435) 2

1 5. (−6, −2)
3. y(x) =
3(x + 6) + 3
Explanation:
3
4. y(x) = correct Because of the property of derivatives, we
9(x + 6) + 1 know that y will be increasing when y ′ is
3 positive.
5. y(x) = Let us first solve for the constant solutions
3(x + 6) + 1
to this equation. A constant solution to a
Explanation: differential equation is a solution where y is
This equation contains only one unknown constant, hence where y ′ = 0. So in this case
constant, so we will substitute the indicated
values of x and y into the equation to solve y ′ = y 4 + 8y 3 + 12y 2
= y 2 y 2 + 8y + 12


for C as follows:
1 = y 2 (y + 6)(y + 2).
y(−6) =
3(−6) + C
Hence y ′ = 0 if and only if y = −6, −2, 0.
1
= . This divides the real number line into 4 inter-
C − 18 vals:
This shows that y(−6) = 3 if and only if
(−∞, −6), (−6, −2), (−2, 0), (0, ∞).
C = 13 + 18. Thus
By computing y ′ for some value of y in each
1
y(x) = interval, we can see that y ′ is positive on the
1
3x + 3 + 18 interval
1
= .
3(x + 6) + 31
(−∞, −6) ∪ (−2, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) .
Hence,

3 005 10.0 points

y(x) = . A population is modeled by the
9(x + 6) + 1   differential
dP P
equation = 1.1P 1 − .
dt 5800
004 10.0 points For what values of P is the population de-
creasing?
A function y(t) satisfies the differential
dy 1. P > 2900
equation = y 4 + 8y 3 + 12y 2 .
dt
For what values of y is y strictly increasing? 2. P > 5800 correct
1. (−∞, −6) ∪ (0, ∞)
3. 0 < P < 5800

2. (−∞, −6) ∪ (−2, 0)

4. P > 1.1

3. (−∞, −6) ∪ (−2, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) correct

5. 0 < P < 1.1

4. (−2, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) Explanation:

 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.1-2 – rusin – (52435) 3

 P  3. y ′ = y − x correct
1.7P 1 −
4500
In order to check for decrease, the derivative 4. y ′ = y − x2
must be below 0.
P  5. y ′ = y − 1

1.7P 1 − <0
4500
Explanation:
1.7P 2 Let us begin by approximating the tangent
1.7P − <0 line about y(0).
4500
1.7P 2 y
1.7P < 6
4500
1.7P 2
1.7P ∗ 4500 < ∗ 4500 4
4500
7650P 1.7P 2
< 2
1.7 1.7
4500P P2 x
<
P P −4 −2 2
4500 < P .
−2
P cannot be negative because it is used to
represent population. From the above graph, we can see the tan-
gent line about y(0) has a slope of about 3.5.
006 10.0 points This tells us that y ′ (0) ≈ 3.5. Now, only two
Consider the graph of our answer choices match this property.
Those are
y
6 y1′ (x) = y(x) − x
y2′ (x) = y(x) − x2 .
4 Now we’ll pick a different value of x and use
the same method. Let us choose x = −2.
2 y
6
x
−4 −2 2 4
−2
2
Using the above graph of y(x), choose the x
equation whose solution satisfies the initial
condition y(0) = 3.5. −4 −2 2
−2
1. y ′ = y 2 − x2
Looking at this tangent, we can see
′ 3 3 ′
2. y = y − x y (−2) ≈ 1.3. We can also see that
 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.1-2 – rusin – (52435) 4
y(−2) ≈ −0.7. If we use this value in our
remaining two answer choices we get 1. y ′ = −y + 2.5
y1′ (−2) = y(−2) + 2
≈ −0.7 + 2 2. y ′ = y − x − 1
= 1.3
′
y2 (−2) = y(−2) − 4 3. y ′ = y 2 − x2
≈ −0.7 − 4
= −4.7. 4. y ′ = y − 1 correct
Now we can see only y1′ (x) can be the deriva-
tive of our function. To show that it works, 5. y ′ = y − x
let us now look at a direction field of y1′ .
y 6. y ′ = y 3 − x2
6

4 7. y ′ = y 2 − x

2 Explanation:
Let us begin by approximating the tangent
x line about y(0).
−4 −2 2 y
6
−2

From this, we can see that the given graph is 4

indeed a solution to the differential equation
y ′ = y − x. 2

007 10.0 points x

Consider the graph
−4 −2 2
y
6 −2

4 From the above graph, we can see the tan-

gent line about y(0) has a slope of about 1.
2 This tells us that y ′ (0) ≈ 1. Now, only three
of our answer choices match this property.
x Those are
−4 −2 2 y1′ (x) = y(x) − 1
−2 y2′ (x) = y(x) − x − 1
y3′ (x) = −y(x) + 2.5
Using the above graph of y(x), choose the
equation whose solution is graphed and satis- Now we’ll look similarly at x = −4. Notice
fies the initial condition y(0) = 2. that y ′ (−4) ≈ 0 and y(−4) ≈ 1. If we use this
 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.1-2 – rusin – (52435) 5
value in our remaining 3 answer choices, we
y
get
6

y1′ (−4) = y(−4) − 1

≈ 1−1 4
= 0
′
y2 (−4) = y(−4) + 4 − 1
≈ 1+4−1 2
=4
′
y3 (−4) = −y(−4) + 2.5
≈ −1 + 2.5
x
= 1.5. −π − π2 π
π
2

Choose the equation whose solution is

graphed and satisfies the initial condition
Now we can see only y1′ (x) can be the deriva- y(0) = 1.4.
tive of our function. To show that it works,
let us now look at a direction field of y1′ . 1. y ′ = y sin(2x) correct

2. y ′ = x sin(2y)

y 3. y ′ = y sin(4x)
6
4. y ′ = −y sin(2x)
4
5. y ′ = y cos(2x)
2
6. y ′ = y sin(x)
x
Explanation:
−4 −2 2 Looking at the graph
′ π

π

of y, we can see that
−2 y 2 = 0 and y 2 ≈ 3.8. Using this, we
can see the following choices cannot have our
solution:
y ′ (x) = y sin(x)
y ′ (x) = y cos(2x)
From this, we can see that the given graph is y ′ (x) = x sin(2y).
indeed a solution to the differential equation In each of these options, y
′ π2 6= 0.


y ′ = y − 1. Now
we can notice that y ′ π4 > 0 and
y π4 > 0. This rules out
008 10.0 points
y ′ (x) = −y sin(2x)
Consider the following graph of y(x) y ′ (x) = y sin(4x).
 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.1-2 – rusin – (52435) 6
In the
first one, y ′ π4 < 0, while in the second

y ′ π4 = 0. Hence we are left with only

y ′ = y sin(2x)

Now we will check this answer by generating

the direction field for y ′ = y sin(2x).

y
6

x
−π − π2 π
2 π

As we can see from the above plot, our

graph of y is indeed a solution to the differen-
tial equation y ′ = y sin(2x).