james (jaj4329) – HW 10.

2 – rusin – (52435) 1
This print-out should have 9 questions.
Multiple-choice questions may continue on y
the next column or page – find all choices 3.
1 1

before answering.

001 10.0 points

Which one of the following could be the

graph of the curve given parametrically by x
0

0 1

(x(t), y(t)) 1

when the graphs of x(t) and y(t) are shown in

y
4.
1 1

1 1

0 1
x
0

0 1
t 1
1
x(t) : y(t) : y
5.
1 1

y
1.
1 1

0 1
x
1
0

0 1
x
1 y
6.
1 1

y
2. correct
1 1

0 1
x
1
0

0 1
x
1
Explanation:
 james (jaj4329) – HW 10.2 – rusin – (52435) 2
Since
1
2. y = x−1
x(0) = y(0) = 0 , e
x(1) = 1 , y(1) = 0 , 1
3. y = x+3
2e
the graph passes through the origin and the
point (1, 0). This already eliminates three of 1
4. y + x = 3 correct
the graphs. There are two ways of deciding e
which of the remaining three it is: 1
5. y = x−1
(i) since 2e
1 1 1 1
x = , y = 1, 6. y + x = 1
2 4 2 e

the graph must pass also through (1/4, 1), Explanation:

The point slope formula with t = 1 can be
(ii) the graph of y(t) is increasing near t = 0 used to find an equation for the tangent line
at the same rate as it is decreasing near t = 1, at P .
while the graph of x(t) is increasing faster We first need to find the slope at P . By the
near t = 0 than it is near t = 1. So the graph Chain Rule,
of (x(t), y(t)) is increasing faster near t = 0
than it is decreasing near t = 1. ′ 2 √t 2t
x (t) = √ e , y ′ (t) = 1 − ,
2 t t2
Consequently, the graph of (x(t), y(t)) is
and so at t = 1,
y
x′ (1) = e , y ′ (t) = 1 − 2 = −1 .
1 1

Thus at P ,
y ′ (1) 1
slope = = − .
x (1)
′ e
Consequently, by the point slope formula, the
tangent line at P has equation
x 1 
0

0 1

y − 1 = − x − 2e ,
1 e
which after simplification becomes

keywords: parametric curve, graph, 1

y+ x = 3 .
e
002 10.0 points
Find an equation for the tangent line to the keywords: derivative, parametric curve, tan-
curve given parametrically by gent line, exp function, log function
√
x(t) = 2e t
, y(t) = t − ln t2 003 10.0 points
at the point P = (x(1), y(1)). Find an equation for the tangent line to the
curve given parametrically by
1
1. y + x = 2 x(t) = e2t , y(t) = t2 + 3t + 2
2e
 james (jaj4329) – HW 10.2 – rusin – (52435) 3
at the point P (1, 2). d2 y
Find 2 for the curve given parametrically
dx
3 7 by
1. y = x+
2 2
x(t) = 4 + t2 , y(t) = 2t2 + t3 .
7
2. y = 3x +
2
d2 y 5
3 1 1. =
3. y = x + correct dx2 3t
2 2
d2 y 3t
3 1 2. 2
=
4. y = − x + dx 4
2 2
d2 y 5t
3 7 3. 2
=
5. y = − x + dx 3
2 2
d2 y 3
1 4. = correct
6. y = 3x + dx2 4t
2
d2 y 4t
Explanation: 5. 2
=
dx 3
Notice first that P (1, 2) is the point corre-
sponding to the choice t = 0. We can thus use d2 y 3
the point slope formula with t = 0 to find an 6. 2
=
dx 2t
equation for the tangent line at P .
Now by the Chain Rule and Product Rule, Explanation:
Differentiating with respect to t we see that
x′ (t) = 2e2t , y ′ (t) = 2t + 3 , x′ (t) = 2t , y ′ (t) = 4t + 3t2 .
so Thus
dy y ′ (t) 2t + 3
= ′ = . dy y ′ (t) 4t + 3t2 3
dx x (t) 2e2t = ′ = = 2 + t.
dx x (t) 2t 2
The tangent line at P (1, 2), i.e., when t = 0,
thus has On the other hand, by the Chain Rule,
3
slope = , d  dy  dx n d  dy o  dx  d2 y
2 = = .
and by the point slope formula an equation dt dx dt dx dx dt dx2
for the tangent line at P (1, 2) is Consequently,

3 d2 y d  dy . dx 3
y−2 = (x − 1) . = = .
2 dx 2 dt dx dt 4t
After simplification this becomes
005 10.0 points
3 1 Find all values of t for which the curve given
y = x+ .
2 2 parametrically by
x(t) = 4 + t2 , y(t) = 2t2 + t3
keywords: is concave up.

004 10.0 points 1. t < 4

 james (jaj4329) – HW 10.2 – rusin – (52435) 4

2. t < 0 5. t = 2

3. t > 4 2
6. t = −
9
4. t > 1 2
7. t = 0 , correct
9
5. t < 1 8. t = −2
6. t > 0 correct Explanation:
After differentiation with respect to t we
Explanation:
see that
Differentiating with respect to t we see that

x′ (t) = 2t , y ′ (t) = 4t + 3t2 . y ′ (t) = 3t2 + 6t − 2 , x′ (t) = 9t2 − 2t .

Thus Now

dy y ′ (t) 4t + 3t2 3 dy y ′ (t) 3t2 + 6t − 2

= ′ = = 2 + t. = ′ = ,
dx x (t) 2t 2 dx x (t) 9t2 − 2t

On the other hand, by the Chain Rule, so the tangent line to the curve will be vertical
at the solutions of
d  dy  dx n d  dy o dx d2 y
= = ,
dt dx dt dx dx dt dx2 x′ (t) = t(9t − 2) = 0 ,
in which case hence at
d2 y d  dy . dx 3 2
= = . t = 0, .
dx2 dt dx dt 4t 9

Consequently, the curve will be concave up 007 10.0 points

when
Determine all values of t for which the curve
d2 y 3 given parametrically by
= > 0 , i.e. when t > 0 .
dx2 4t
x = 3t3 − t2 + 2t , y = t3 + 3t2 − 1
006 10.0 points has a horizontal tangent?
Determine all values of t for which the curve
2
given parametrically by 1. t = −
9
x = 3t3 − t2 + 4 , y = t3 + 3t2 − 2t 2
2. t =
9
has a vertical tangent?
3. t = 0 , −2 correct
2
1. t =
9 4. t = 0 , 2
2
2. t = 0 , − 2
9 5. t = 0 ,
9
3. t = 0 , −2
6. t = −2
4. t = 0 , 2 Explanation:
 james (jaj4329) – HW 10.2 – rusin – (52435) 5
After differentiation with respect to t we After cross-multiplication and simplification,
see that this becomes the equation
y ′ (t) = 3t2 + 6t , x′ (t) = 9t2 − 2t + 2 . 6t2 + 6t − 12 = 6(t − 1)(t + 2) = 0 .
Now Consequently, P is the point corresponding to
dy y ′ (t) + 6t3t2 the values t = 1 and t = −2, in which case
= ′ = ,
dx x (t) 9t2 − 2t + 2
P = (−5, −3) , (4, −12) .
so the tangent line to the curve will be hori-
zontal at the solutions of
y ′ (t) = t(3t + 6) = 0 , 009 10.0 points
The curve traced out by a point P on the
hence at circumference of a circle as the circle rolls
t = 0 , −2 . along a straight line shown in

y
008 10.0 points
Determine all points P at which the tangent P
line to the curve given parametrically by
x(t) = t3 − 6t , y = −3t2 x

is parallel to the line (t, 2t).

1. P = (−5, −12) , (4, −3) is called a Cycloid and the shaded region is
the region, A, below an arch.
2. P = (−5, 1) , (4, −1) If the circle has radius R, the cycloid is
given parametrically by
3. P = (5, −1) , (−4, 1)
x(t) = R(t − sin t) , y(t) = R(1 − cos t) .
4. P = (5, −3) , (−4, −12)
Find the area of A when R = 4.
5. P = (5, 1) , (−4, −1)
1. area(A) = 48π correct
6. P = (−5, −3) , (4, −12) correct
2. area(A) = 46π
Explanation:
Since
3. area(A) = 47π
′ 2 ′
x (t) = 3t − 6 , y (t) = −6t ,
4. area(A) = 45π
the slope of the tangent line to the curve is
given by 5. area(A) = 44π
dy y ′ (t) 6t Explanation:
= ′ = − 2 . When R = 4, the base of the arch extends
dx x (t) 3t − 6
from the point 0 = x(0) to the point 8π =
But if this tangent line is to be parallel to the x(2π) on the x-axis. In this case
line defined parametrically by (t, 2t), then
Z 8π Z x(2π)
6t area(A) = y dx = 4(1 − cos t) dx ,
− 2 = 2.
3t − 6 0 x(0)
 james (jaj4329) – HW 10.2 – rusin – (52435) 6
where

x = x(t) = 4(t − sin t) , dx = 4(1 − cos t) dt .

Thus after a change of variable from x to t we

see that
Z 2π
area(A) = 16 (1 − cos t)2 dt
0
Z 2π
= 16 (1 − 2 cos t + cos2 t) dt
0
2π 3 1
Z 
= 16 − 2 cos t + cos 2t dt .
0 2 2
Consequently,

area(A) = 48π .

keywords: parametric curve, area, cycloid