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New Headway Plus: Pre-Intermediate

UNIT 8
GRAMMAR
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ITEMS TO BE COVERED IN THE UNIT

 have (got) to
 should / must
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STARTER, PAGE 62

..............get up early
every morning

………………pay bills

……………go to school

…………work at the
weekend.
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HAVE TO ( FORM)
 has / have + to + infinitive

Positive and Negative

I
We have to
You don’t have to
They to work hard.

He
She has
It doesn’t have
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HAVE TO ( FORM)
 has / have + to + infinitive

Question

I
we
Do you
they have to work hard ?

he
Does she
it
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HAVE TO (FORM)

 Short answer with have to

 Examples
 A: Do you have to wear a uniform?

 B: Yes, I do.

 Nader: Does he have to go now?

 Ahmad: No, he doesn’t.
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HAVE TO ( NOTE )

 The past tense of have to is had to, with did

and didn’t in the question and the negative.

 Examples
 I had to get up early this morning.
 Why did you have to work last weekend?
 They liked the hotel because they didn’t have to do
any cooking.
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HAVE TO ( USE )

1. Have to expresses strong obligation. The obligation

comes from “outside” – perhaps a law, a rule at
school or work, or someone in authority

Examples:
 You have to have a driving licence if you want to drive a car.
( That’s the law)

 I have to start work at 08:00. ( My company says I must.)

 The doctor says I have to do more exercise.

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HAVE TO ( USE )

2. Don’t / Doesn’t have to expresses absence of

obligation ( it isn’t necessary )

Examples:
 You don’t have to do the washing –up. I’ve got a dishwasher.

 She doesn’t have to work on Monday. It’s her day off.

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HAVE TO ( ACTIVITY)

Complete the sentences with have to, has to, or had to and
suitable verb
1. I ……………glasses because my eyes aren’t very good.
2. Remember! When you drive in England you………….on the left.
3. A: “Can I go and see the dentist when I want?”
4. B: “Well, usually you ……………….an appointment, unless
it’s an emergency.”
5. At weekends Jack wears jeans and a T-shirt. During the week
he …………………a suit and a tie.
6. I don’t like my job. Sometimes I ………………till midnight.
7. Their car broke down, so they………………..it to the garage.
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INTRODUCTION TO MODAL VERBS

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INTRODUCTION TO MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

FORM
can could might must

Modal Auxiliary
Verbs are

shall should will would

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MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

1. They another verb.

The verb form is the infinitive without to.

Examples:
 She can drive

 I must get my hair cut.

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MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

2. There is NO do / does in the question.

Examples
 Can she drive?

 Should I go home now?

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MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

3. The form is the same for all persons. There is

no -s in the third person singular:
Examples
 He can sing very well.

 She should try harder.

 It will rain soon.

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MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

4. To for the negative, add ( n’t ). There is NO don’t /

doesn’t.
Examples
I wouldn’t like to be a teacher.
You mustn’t steal.

NOTE: will not = won’t

It won’t rain tomorrow
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END OF INTRODUCTION

Now, let’s focus on

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SHOULD: FORM
 should + infinitive without to
 The forms of should are the same for all persons.

Positive and negative

I
He should do more exercises.
We shouldn’t tell lies.
They
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SHOULD: FORM
 should + infinitive without to
 The forms of should are the same for all persons.

Questions
Should I see a doctor ?
she
they

Do you think I should see a doctor ?

he
we
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SHOULD: FORM
 should + infinitive without to
 The forms of should are the same for all persons.

Short answer

Should I phone home? Yes, you should.

Should I buy a Mercedes Benz? No, you shouldn’t.

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SHOULD: USE
Should is used to express what the speaker thinks is
right or the best thing to do.
It expresses mild obligation, or advice.

Examples
 I should do my homework. (This is my opinion.)

 You should do more work. (I’m telling you what I think.)

 Do you think we should stop here? ( I’m asking you for

your opinion.)
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SHOULD: USE
Should expresses negative advice.
Example:
You shouldn’t sit so close to the TV. It’s bad for your eyes.
**************************************
NOTE:
Should expresses the opinion of the speaker, and it is
often introduced by I think or I don’t think .
Examples:
 I think politicians should listen more.
 I don’t think people should get married until they’re
21.
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MUST: FORM
Must + infinitive without to
The forms of must are the same for all persons.

Positive and negative

I must try harder

He
We mustn’t steal
They
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MUST: FORM
Questions with must are possible, but the use of
have to is more common.

Questions Short answer

Must I take exam? Yes, you must .
Do I have to take exams? Yes, you do.
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MUST: USE
1. Must expresses strong obligation. Generally, this obligation
comes from inside the speaker.
Example
I must get my hair cut. (I think this is necessary.)

2. Because must expresses the authority of the speaker, you

should be careful of using You must……..It sounds bossy !!
Example
You must help me. (I am giving you an order.)

3. You must……….can express a strong suggestion.

Example
You must give me a ring when you’re next in town.
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ACTIVITY:
Complete the sentences with a form of have to or should. Make the
verbs negative when necessary

1. You hair’s too long. I think you……………..get it cut.

2. I’ve put on weight. I ……………eat so many sweets.
3. I’m going to bed. I ……………….be up early tomorrow.
4. I’d like to meet your cousin. You ……………….invite her around.
5. I……………..tell my parents where I am, then they don’t worry.
6. You …………..come with me if you don’t want to. I’ll go on my
own.
7. If you need some help with your homework, you ……………go to
the library.
8. You ……….tell lies. It’s wrong.
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END OF UNIT 8 GRAMMAR