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    This document contains 53 multiple choice, modified true/false, and completion questions about Earth's structure and plate tectonics. The questions cover topics like the layers of Earth, properties that change with depth, how geologists study Earth's interior, heat transfer mechanisms, evidence for continental drift, sea floor spreading, and plate tectonics theory.

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    This document contains 53 multiple choice, modified true/false, and completion questions about Earth's structure and plate tectonics. The questions cover topics like the layers of Earth, properties that change with depth, how geologists study Earth's interior, heat transfer mechanisms, evidence for continental drift, sea floor spreading, and plate tectonics theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    51 views9 pages

    Chapter 4 Practice Questions: Multiple Choice

    Uploaded by

    Kavita Krishnamorthi
    This document contains 53 multiple choice, modified true/false, and completion questions about Earth's structure and plate tectonics. The questions cover topics like the layers of Earth, properties that change with depth, how geologists study Earth's interior, heat transfer mechanisms, evidence for continental drift, sea floor spreading, and plate tectonics theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 9

    Chapter 4 Practice Questions

    Multiple Choice
    Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

    ____ 1. The layer of Earth made up largely of the rocks basalt and granite is the
    a. asthenosphere.
    b. crust.
    c. outer core.
    d. inner core.
    ____ 2. As depth beneath Earth's surface increases, temperature and pressure
    a. both increase.
    b. both decrease.
    c. approach zero.
    d. stay the same.
    ____ 3. How do geologists observe Earth's interior?
    a. by visiting deep mines
    b. sending robots deep beneath the surface
    c. by directly looking under the many layers
    d. by recording and studying seismic waves
    ____ 4. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?
    a. crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
    b. mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
    c. crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
    d. outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
    ____ 5. Earth's mantle is
    a. a layer of molten metal.
    b. a layer of hot rock.
    c. a dense ball of solid metal.
    d. a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin.
    ____ 6. Earth's inner core is
    a. a dense ball of solid metal.
    b. a layer of molten metal.
    c. a layer of hot rock.
    d. a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin.
    ____ 7. Earth's magnetic field results from the spinning of the
    a. mantle.
    b. outer core.
    c. inner core.
    d. crust.
    ____ 8. When you touch a hot pot or pan, the heat moves from the pot to your hand. This is called
    a. magnetic energy.
    b. indirect evidence.
    c. subduction.
    d. heat transfer.
    ____ 9. The transfer of heat through space is called
    a. conduction.
    b. convection.
    c. radiation.
    d. subduction.
    ____ 10. Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's
    a. continents.
    b. asthenosphere.
    c. lithosphere.
    d. inner core.
    ____ 11. Heat is transferred within a fluid by
    a. convection currents.
    b. radiation.
    c. conduction.
    d. density.
    ____ 12. When the heat source is removed from a fluid, convection currents in the fluid will
    a. speed up.
    b. change direction.
    c. eventually stop.
    d. continue at the same rate forever.
    ____ 13. According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,
    a. Earth's surface is made up of seven major landmasses.
    b. the continents do not move.
    c. Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking.
    d. the continents were once joined together in a single landmass.
    ____ 14. What is Pangaea?
    a. the name of a German scientist
    b. the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago
    c. another name for continental drift
    d. the name of an ancient fossil
    ____ 15. Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called a
    a. landform.
    b. continent.
    c. fossil.
    d. landmass.
    ____ 16. Which type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?
    a. evidence from landforms
    b. evidence from fossils
    c. evidence from human remains
    d. evidence from climate
    ____ 17. Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because
    a. they were afraid of a new idea.
    b. Wegener was interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago.
    c. Wegener used several different types of evidence to support his hypothesis.
    d. Wegener could not identify a force that could move the continents.
    ____ 18. The mid-ocean ridge is
    a. the longest chain of mountains in the world.
    b. found only in the Pacific Ocean.
    c. located mostly along coastlines.
    d. a long deep-ocean trench.
    ____ 19. What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge?
    a. satellites
    b. deep-sea diving
    c. submarines
    d. sonar
    ____ 20. In the process of sea-floor spreading, where does molten material rise from the mantle and erupt?
    a. along the edges of all the continents
    b. along the mid-ocean ridge
    c. in deep-ocean trenches
    d. at the north and south poles
    ____ 21. How did scientists discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge were older than those near it?
    a. by observing eruptions of molten material on the sea floor
    b. by mapping rocks on the sea-floor using sonar
    c. by determining the age of rock samples obtained by drilling on the sea floor
    d. by measuring how fast sea-floor spreading occurs
    ____ 22. What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge?
    a. a convergent boundary
    b. rocks formed by the eruption of molten material from Earth's mantle
    c. the movement of Earth's plates
    d. convection currents in the ocean
    ____ 23. The process by which the ocean floor sinks through a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as
    a. convection.
    b. continental drift.
    c. subduction.
    d. conduction.
    ____ 24. Old oceanic crust is more dense than new oceanic crust because it is
    a. hot.
    b. moving toward a deep-ocean trench.
    c. cool.
    d. farther from the mid-ocean ridge.
    ____ 25. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by
    a. gravity.
    b. subduction.
    c. convection currents in the asthenosphere.
    d. Earth's magnetic field.
    ____ 26. The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of
    a. subduction.
    b. plate tectonics.
    c. deep-ocean trenches.
    d. sea-floor spreading.
    ____ 27. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a
    a. mid-ocean ridge.
    b. deep-ocean trench.
    c. rift valley.
    d. mountain range.
    ____ 28. A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a
    a. transform boundary.
    b. divergent boundary.
    c. convergent boundary.
    d. rift valley.
    ____ 29. The place where two plates come together is known as a
    a. transform boundary.
    b. divergent boundary.
    c. convergent boundary.
    d. rift valley.
    ____ 30. A rift valley forms where two plates
    a. sink back toward the mantle.
    b. diverge.
    c. slide past each other.
    d. converge.

    Modified True/False
    Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

    ____ 31. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the mantle. _________________________
    ____ 32. Density is a measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance. _________________________
    ____ 33. The transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluid is called conduction. _________________________
    ____ 34. Alfred Wegener provided evidence from landforms and climate in support of his theory of the shrinking
    Earth. _________________________
    ____ 35. Pressure increases from Earth's surface toward the center of Earth. _________________________
    ____ 36. Oceanic crust near the mid-ocean ridge is younger than oceanic crust farther away from the ridge.
    _________________________
    ____ 37. If subduction occurs faster than oceanic crust can be created, an ocean will expand.
    _________________________
    ____ 38. The mid-ocean ridge occurs along transform boundaries. _________________________
    ____ 39. Convection currents form in the mantle when heated materials become more dense.
    _________________________
    ____ 40. The North American plate and the Eurasian plate are moving apart at a very slow rate.
    _________________________

    Completion
    Complete each statement.

    41. When continental plates pull apart at a divergent boundary on land, a(n) ____________________ forms.
    42. Geologists learn about Earth's interior by studying _________________________, which move through
    Earth.
    43. Scientists think that the ____________________, made of solid iron and nickel, spins to produce Earth's
    magnetic field.
    44. The part of the mantle called the ____________________ is made of soft rock that bends like plastic.
    45. In the asthenosphere, heat is transferred as soft rock flows slowly in cycles known as
    ______________________________.
    46. A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations is a _________________________.
    47. When you touch a hot plate, the transfer of heat from the plate to your hand is called
    ____________________.
    48. The theory of _________________________ was that all the continents once were joined as a single
    supercontinent and have since drifted apart.
    49. To support his theory, Alfred Wegener provided evidence from ____________________, traces of ancient
    organisms preserved in rock.
    50. The energy from the sun that warms your face is transferred by a process called ____________________.
    51. The process of ______________________________ continually adds new crust to the ocean floor along both
    sides of the mid-ocean ridge.
    52. Two of Earth's plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, along a ____________________
    boundary.
    53. Oceanic crust is made up mostly of an igneous rock called ____________________.
    54. The longest mountain chain on Earth is the _________________________, most of which lies under the
    ocean.
    55. Subduction occurs where the oceanic crust bends down toward the mantle at a
    ______________________________.
    56. The lithosphere is broken into sections called ____________________, which float on top of the
    asthenosphere.
    57. The formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges can be explained by the theory of
    _________________________.
    58. A continental plate collides with an oceanic plate at a(n) ____________________ boundary.
    59. An ocean plate plunges beneath a trench and back into the mantle in a process known as
    ____________________.
    60. Wegener believed that the continents had once been joined in one landmass called ____________________.
    Chapter 4 Practice Questions
    Answer Section

    MULTIPLE CHOICE

    1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    5. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    7. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    8. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.1—Explain how heat is transferred.
    9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.1—Explain how heat is transferred.
    10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.2—Identify what causes convection currents.
    11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.2—Identify what causes convection currents.
    12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.2—Identify what causes convection currents.
    13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.1—Describe the theory of continental drift.
    14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.1—Describe the theory of continental drift.
    15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.2—List the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to form his theory and why other
    scientists rejected it.
    16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.2—List the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to form his theory and why other
    scientists rejected it.
    17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.2—List the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to form his theory and why other
    scientists rejected it.
    18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.1—Describe the process of sea-floor spreading.
    19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.1—Describe the process of sea-floor spreading.
    20. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.1—Describe the process of sea-floor spreading.
    21. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.2—List the evidence for sea-floor spreading.
    22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.2—List the evidence for sea-floor spreading.
    23. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.3
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.3—Explain the process of subduction.
    24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.3
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.3—Explain the process of subduction.
    25. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.1—Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
    26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.1—Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
    27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.1—Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
    28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.
    29. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.
    30. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.

    MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

    31. ANS: F, crust

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    32. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid
    OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    33. ANS: F, convection

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.1—Explain how heat is transferred.
    34. ANS: F, continental drift

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.2—List the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to form his theory and why other
    scientists rejected it.
    35. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid
    OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    36. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High
    OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.2—List the evidence for sea-floor spreading.
    37. ANS: F, shrink

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.3


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.3—Explain the process of subduction.
    38. ANS: F, divergent

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.
    39. ANS: F, less

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.2—Identify what causes convection currents.
    40. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid
    OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2
    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.

    COMPLETION

    41. ANS: rift valley

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.
    42. ANS: seismic waves

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    43. ANS: inner core

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    44. ANS: asthenosphere

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    45. ANS: convection currents

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.2—Identify what causes convection currents.
    46. ANS: scientific theory

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.1—Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
    47. ANS: conduction

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.1—Explain how heat is transferred.
    48. ANS: continental drift

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.1—Describe the theory of continental drift.
    49. ANS: fossils

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.2—List the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to form his theory and why other
    scientists rejected it.
    50. ANS: radiation

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.2.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.2.1—Explain how heat is transferred.
    51. ANS: sea-floor spreading

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.1—Describe the process of sea-floor spreading.
    52. ANS: transform

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.
    53. ANS: basalt

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.1.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.1.1—List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
    54. ANS: mid-ocean ridge

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.1—Describe the process of sea-floor spreading.
    55. ANS: deep-ocean trench

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.3


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.3—Explain the process of subduction.
    56. ANS: plates

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.1—Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
    57. ANS: plate tectonics

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.1—Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
    58. ANS: convergent

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.5.2


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.5.2—Describe the three types of plate boundaries.
    59. ANS: subduction

    PTS: 1 DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.4.3


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.4.3—Explain the process of subduction.
    60. ANS: Pangaea

    PTS: 1 DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Earth Ch. 4.3.1


    NOT: Earth Ch. 4.3.1—Describe the theory of continental drift.

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