CHAPTER – 2

WATER PRESSURE

Chapter – 2

Water Pressure

Exercise -2

Answer 1

Given:-

1. Dimension of plate = 10m * 2m

2. Draft = 8m

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

8m

2m

10 m
Area = Length * Breath

Area = 10m * 2m

Area = 20m2

Thrust = (Pressure) * Area

Thrust = (Depth * Density) * Area

Thrust = 8 * 1.025 * 20

Thrust = 164 t

Thrust experienced by flat keel plate is 164t

Answer 2

Given:-

1. Dimensions of vessel = 150m*20m*12m

2. RD of DW = 1.010
3. Draft of vessel = 10m

Total pressure exerted on a given surface is called as thrust.

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WATER PRESSURE

12 m
10 m
20 m

150 m

Total pressure at sides = (Pressure) * (Area)

Total pressure at side = (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Total pressure at side = (10m/2 * 1.01) * (150m * 10m)

Total pressure at side = 7575t

Total pressure at end = (Pressure) * (Area)

Total pressure at end = (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Total pressure at end = (10m/2 * 1.01) * (20m * 10m)

Total pressure at end = 1010t

Total pressure at keel = (Pressure) * (Area)

Total pressure at keel = (Depth * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Total pressure at keel = (10m * 1.01) * (150m * 20m)

Total pressure at keel = 30300t

Total pressure = (2*Pressure at sides) + (2*Pressure at ends) + (Total pressure at keel)

Total pressure = (2*7575) + (2*1010) + (30300)

Total pressure = 47470t

Total water pressure exerted on hull is 47470t.

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WATER PRESSURE

Answer 3

Given:-

1. Surface Area of submarine = 650m2

2. Total water pressure to withstand = 1332500t

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

Total Pressure = (Pressure) * (Area)

Total Pressure = (Depth * Density) * Area

1332500 = Depth * 1.025 * 650

2000m = Depth

Submarine would collapse at 2000m of water depth.

Answer 4

Given:-

1. Dimensions of lock gate = 40m * 20m

2. RD1 = 1.01 (Side 1)
3. Depth1 = 12 m (Side 1)
4. RD2 = 1.02 (Side 2)
5. Depth2 = 11m (Side 2)

40 m

20 m

RD = 1.01
11 m RD = 1.02 12 m

Thrust1 = (Pressure1) * (Area1)

Thrust1 = (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Thrust1 = (12m /2* 1.01) * (40m * 12m)

Thrust1 = 2908.8t

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

Thrust2 = (Pressure2) * (Area2)

Thrust2 = (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Thrust2 = (10m/2 * 1.02) * (40m * 11m)

Thrust2 = 2468.4t

Resultant Thrust = Thrust1 – Thrust2

Resultant Thrust = 2908.8t – 2468.4t

Resultant Thrust = 440.4t

Resultant Thrust = 440.4t towards shallower side

Answer 5

Given:-

1. Dimensions of lock gate = 36m * 20m

2. Depth1 = 16 m (Side 1)

RD of FW = 1.000

36 m

20 m

RD = 1.02 RD = 1.025
16 m

Thrust1 = (Pressure1) * (Area1)

Thrust1 = (Depth/2 * Density) * (Width * Depth)

Thrust1 = (16m/2 * 1.00) * (36m * 16m)

Thrust1 = 4608t

We know, thrust on one side is equal to other

Thrust2 = (Pressure2) * (Area2)

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

Thrust2 = (Depth2 /2* Density) * (Width * Depth2)

4608 = (Depth2 * 1.025 * 36 * Depth2)/2

249.756 = (Depth2)2

√249.756 = Depth2

15.804m = Depth2

Depth of SW required to equalize the thrust is 15.804m

Answer 6

Given:-

1. Breath of triangle = 12m

2. Height of triangle = 15m
3. Sounding = 3m

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

F 12 m C
B

15 m

G
D E
3m
H

In triangle ADE and triangle ABC

1. A = A (Common angle)
2. ADE = ABC (Corresponding angles)
3. AED = ACB (Corresponding angles)

Now triangle ADE is similar to triangle ABC.

We know that similar triangles are in equal ratio.

AF = BC

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

AG DE
15 = 12
3 DE

DE = 12*3
15

DE = 2.4m

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * AG * DE

2

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * 3 * 2.4

2

Area of triangle of ADE = 3.6m2

Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * height

3

Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * 3

3

Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1m

Thrust = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust = (Depth of geometric centre * Density) * (Area)

Thrust = (1 * 1.025) * (3.6m2)

Thrust = 3.69t

Thrust experienced by Fore Peak tank is 3.69 t

Answer 7

Given:-

4. Breath of triangle = 14m

5. Height of triangle = 12m
6. Sounding = 9m

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

F 14 m C
B

12 m
G

D H E
9m

In triangle ADE and triangle ABC

4. A = A (Common angle)
5. ADE = ABC (Corresponding angles)
6. AED = ACB (Corresponding angles)

Now triangle ADE is similar to triangle ABC.

We know that similar triangles are in equal ratio.

AF = BC
AG DE

12 = 14
9 DE

DE = 14*9
12

DE = 10.5m

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * AG * DE

2

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * 9 * 10.5

2

Area of triangle of ADE = 47.25m2

Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * height

3

Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * 9

3

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 3m

Thrust = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust = (Depth of geometric centre * Density) * (Area)

Thrust = (3 * 1.025) * (47.25m2)

Thrust = 145.3t

Thrust on bulkhead is 145.3 t

Answer 8

Given:-
1. Base of triangle = 14m
2. Side of triangle = 15m
3. Radius of inspection hole = 0.5m
4. Centre above base = 0.8m
5. Centre of manhole from corner = 1.6m
6. RD of oil = 0.95
7. Sounding of tank = 10m
8. ∏ = 3.1416

15 m
10m

F 0.5m
1.6 m
0.8m
B C
D 14 m

DC = 1 BC (AD is perpendicular bisector for isosceles triangle)

2

DC = 1 * 14
2

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WATER PRESSURE

DC = 7m

In triangle ADC:-

(AC)2 = (AD)2 + (DC)2 (Pythagoras Theorem)

(15)2 = (AD)2 + (7)2

225 – 49 = (AD)2

√176 = AD

13.267m = AD

Area of manhole = ∏r2

Area of manhole = 3.1416 * (0.5)2

Area of manhole = 3.1416 * 0.25

Area of manhole = 0.785m2

We know EF is depth of manhole centre

DE = DF + EF

10 = 0.8 + EF

9.2m = EF

Thrust = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust = (Geometric centre depth * Density) * (Area)

Thrust = 9.2 * 0.95 * 0.785

Thrust = 6.861 t

Thrust on the manhole cover is 6.861t

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

Answer 9

Given:-

1. Dimensions of tank = 22m * 20m * 10m

2. Dimensions of trunk = 5m * 4m * 0.2m
3. Depth = 2.64 m above crown

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3
C A

2.64 m
B
0.2 m
4m
D 5m

10 m

20 m

22 m

CD = AB + height of trunk way

2.64m = AB + 0.2m

2.44m = AB

Depth of tank lid = 2.44m

Area of tank lid = L * B

Area of tank lid = 5m * 4m

Area of tank lid = 20m2

Thrust = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust = (Depth * Density) * (Area)

Thrust = 2.44 * 1.025 * 20

Thrust = 50.02t

Thrust on the tank lid is 50.02t

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

Answer 10

Given:-

1. Dimensions of the tank = 25m * 20m * 2m

2. Tank top pressed to the head of = 16m
3. Draft of vessel = 10m

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

16 m

20 m
18 m 25 m
10 m

2m

Thrust on tank top = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust on tank top = (Depth * Density) * (L * B)

Thrust on tank top = (16 * 1.025) * (25 * 20)

Thrust on tank top = 8200t

Thrust on tank bottom from top = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust on tank bottom from top = (Depth * Density) * (L * B)

Thrust on tank bottom from top = (18 * 1.025) * (25 * 20)

Thrust on tank bottom from top = 9225t

Thrust on tank bottom from bottom = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust on tank bottom from bottom = (Depth * Density) * (L * B)

Thrust on tank bottom from bottom = (10 * 1.025) * (25 * 20)

Thrust on tank bottom from top = 5125t

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 CHAPTER – 2
WATER PRESSURE

9225 t

4100 t
(Resultant)

5125 t

Resultant Thrust = 9225t – 5125t

Resultant Thrust = 4100t (outwards)

Resultant thrust on tank bottom is 4100 t (outwards)

-o0o-

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