To Do Do Done Doing: Infinitive Verb: Base Verb: Past Participle: Present Participle

Infinitive verb: to do
Base verb: do
DO
Past Participle: done

Present Participle: doing
Simple Present DO Present Progressive BE Present Perfect HAVE Present Perfect Progressive HAVE+BE
(do/does) (am/are/is + base verb + ing) (have/has + p.p.) (have/has + been + base verb + ing)
Base verb (To do is an irregular verb) Aux. verb Be simple present + Base verb+ ing Aux. verb Have simple present (have/has) + p.p. of Base verb Aux. verb Have simple present + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb
Do is also an auxiliary verb (helping verb) Def.: a past action whose time is not specified + ing
Present
I do I am doing I have done I have been doing

you do you are doing you have done you have been doing
he/she/it does he/she/it is doing he/she/it has done he/she/it has been doing
we do we are doing we have done we have been doing
you do you are doing you have done you have been doing
they do they are doing they have done they have been doing
Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive
(did) (was/were + base verb + ing) (had + p.p.) (had + been + base verb + ing)
Aux. verb Be simple past + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple past (had) + p.p. of Base verb. Def.: an Aux. verb Have p.p. (had) + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb +
Verb tenses
action that took place at a specific time in the past ing

Past
I did I was doing I had done I had been doing

you did you were doing you had done you had been doing
he/she/it did he/she/it was doing he/she/it had done he/she/it had been doing
we did we were doing we had done we had been doing
you did you were doing you had done you had been doing
they did they were doing they had done they had been doing
Simple Future Future Progressive Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive
(will + base verb) (will + be + base verb + ing) (will + have + p.p.) (will + have + been + base verb + ing)
Will + Base verb Will + aux. verb Be + Base verb + ing Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. of Base verb Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb + ing
Future
I will do I will be doing I will have done I will have been doing
you will do you will be doing you will have done you will have been doing
he/she/it will do he/she/it will be doing he/she/it will have done he/she/it will have been doing
we will do we will be doing we will have done we will have been doing
you will do you will be doing you will have done you will have been doing
they will do they will be doing they will have done they will have been doing
© ESL Resources For Adult Learners & Newcomers | Dorene Oster | 418.625.0129 | doreneoster@gmail.com Page 1
Infinitive verb: to be
Base verb: be
BE
Past Participle: been

Present Participle: being
(am/are/is) (am/are/is + base verb + ing) (have/has + p.p.) (have/has + been + base verb + ing)
Base verb (To be is an irregular verb) Aux. verb Be simple present tense + Base verb + ing Aux. verb have simple present (have/has) + p.p. of Be (been) Aux. verb have simple present + p.p. of Be (been) + Base
changes 3 times in simple present tense Def.: a past action whose time is not specified verb + ing
Present
I am I am being I have been I have been being

you are you are being you have been you have been being
he/she/it is he/she/it is being he/she/it has been he/she/it has been being
we are we are being we have been we have been being
you are you are being you have been you have been being
they are they are being they have been they have been being
(was/were) (was/were + base verb + ing) (had + p.p.) (had + been + base verb + ing)
Base verb in simple past tense (To be is an irregular verb) Aux. verb Be simple past tense + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple past (had) + p.p. of Be (been) Aux. verb Have simple past tense (had) + p.p. of Be (been) +
Verb tenses
Def.: an action that took place at a specific time in the past Base verb + ing
Past
I was I was being I had been I had been being

you were you were being you had been you had been being
he/she/it was he/she/it was being he/she/it had been he/she/it had been being
we were we were being we had been we had been being
you were you were being you had been you had been being
they were they were being they had been they had been being
Will + Base verb Will + aux. verb Be + Base verb + ing Will + aux. verb Have simple present tense + p.p. of Be (been) Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb + ing
Future
I will be I will be being I will have been I will have been being
you will be you will be being you will have been you will have been being
he/she/it will be he/she/it will be being he/she/it will have been he/she/it will have been being
we will be we will be being we will have been we will have been being
you will be you will be being you will have been you will have been being
they will be they will be being they will have been they will have been being
Infinitive verb: to have
HAVE
Base verb: have

Past Participle: had
Present Participle: having
(have/has) (am/are/is + base verb + ing) (have/has + p.p.) (have/has + been + base verb + ing)
Base verb (To have is an irregular verb) Aux. verb Be simple present + Base verb+ ing Aux. verb Have simple present (have/has) + p.p. of Base verb Aux. verb Have simple present + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb
Have is also an auxiliary verb (helping verb) Def.: a past action whose time is not specified + ing
Present
I have I am having I have had I have been having

you have you are having you have had you have been having
he/she/it has he/she/it is having he/she/it has had he/she/it has been having
we have we are having we have had we have been having
you have you are having you have had you have been having
they have they are having they have had they have been having
(had) (was/were + base verb + ing) (had + p.p.) (had + been + base verb + ing)
Aux. verb Be simple past + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple past (had) + p.p. of Base verb. Def.: an Aux. verb Have p.p. (had) + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb +
Verb tenses
action that took place at a specific time in the past ing

Past
I had I was having I had had I had been having

you had you were having you had had you had been having
he/she/it had he/she/it was having he/she/it had had he/she/it had been having
we had we were having we had had we had been having
you had you were having you had had you had been having
they had they were having they had had they had been having
Will + Base verb Will + aux. verb Be + Base verb + ing Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. of Base verb Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. of Be (been) + Base verb + ing
Future
I will have I will be having I will have had I will have been having
you will have you will be having you will have had you will have been having
he/she/it will have he/she/it will be having he/she/it will have had he/she/it will have been having
we will have we will be having we will have had we will have been having
you will have you will be having you will have had you will have been having
they will have they will be having they will have had they will have been having
Infinitive verb: to study Verb tenses of a REGULAR verb (a regular verb is a verb that ends in -ed in the past tense)
STUDY
Base verb: study

Past Participle: studied (same as simple past for regular verbs)
Present Participle: studying
(base verb without ‘to’) (am/are/is + base verb + ing) (have/has + p.p.) (have/has + been + base verb + ing)
Base verb + s, es, ies Aux. verb Be simple present tense (am/are/is) + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple present tense (have/has) + p.p. Aux. verb Have simple present tense (have/has) + p.p. of aux.
Def.: a fact, a habitual habit, a repeating action. Def.: a current action. Def.: Action that started in the past and continues to be true now, it verb Be (been) + Base verb + ing
NOTE: Use don’t or doesn’t to form a negative sentece. may or may not continue. Def.: Action that started in the past and is still continuing or in
Present
Use do or does as helping verb to ask question. progress, still happening.

Ex.: I study Chinese every day. Ex.: I am studying Chinese today. Ex.: I have studied Chinese since 2006. Ex.: I have been studying Chinese all morning.
I study I am studying I have studied I have been studying
you study you are studying you have studied you have been studying
he/she/it studies he/she/it is studying he/she/it has studied he/she/it has been studying
we study we are studying we have studied we have been studying
they study they are studying they have studied they have been studying
(base verb + ed) (was/were + base verb + ing) (had + p.p.) (had + been + base verb + ing)
Base + ed Aux. verb Be in simple past tense (was/were) + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple past tense (had) + p.p. P.P. of aux. verb Have (had) + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base
Def.: action completed at a specific time in the past Def.: a past action that was happening (when interrupted by Def.: an past action that was completed before a second past action verb + ing
NOTE: Use didn’t to form a negative sentece. another action or event) Def.: an action that began in the past before a second past action
Verb tenses
Use did as helping verb to ask question. (with emphasis on the duration of the action)
Past
Ex.: I studied until 8:00 PM last night. Ex.: I was studying when you called. Ex.: I had studied my vocabulary words before you called. Ex.: I had been studying my vocabulary words before you called.
I studied I was studying I had studied I had been studying
you studied you were studying you had studied you had been studying
he/she/it studied he/she/it was studying he/she/it had studied he/she/it had been studying
we studied we were studying we had studied we had been studying
they studied they were studying they had studied they had been studying
Will + Base verb or going to + Base verb (it’s going to rain) Will + aux. verb Be + Base verb + ing Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. Will + aux. verb Have + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base
Def.: an event in the future, especially one that is scheduled or Def.: an action that will be taking place at some point in the future. Def.: an action that will be finished by a specified time in the verb + ing
expresses strong desire to do something. future. Def.: how long an action has been happening at a future point;
focus is on the duration.
Future
Ex.: When I get home, I will study my vocabulary words for Ex.: If you call before 8:00 PM, I will be studying my vocabulary Ex.: By the time you arrive, I will have studied my vocabulary Ex.: By the time you arrive, I will have been studying my vocabu-
tomorrow’s class. words, so please call after that. words. lary words for one hour.
I will study I will be studying I will have studied I will have been studying
you will study you will be studying you will have studied you will have been studying
he/she/it will study he/she/it will be studying he/she/it will have studied he/she/it will have been studying
we will study we will be studying we will have studied we will have been studying
you will study you will be studying you will have studied you will have been studying
they will study they will be studying they will have studied they will have been studying
Infinitive verb: to study
STUDY
Base verb: study

Past Participle: same as simple past for regular verbs (studied)
Simple Present (Affirmative) DO Present Progressive (Affirmative) BE Present Perfect (Affirmative) HAVE Present Perfect Progressive (Affirmative) HAVE+BE
Base + s, es, ies Aux. verb Be simple present tense (am/are/is) + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple present tense (have/has) + p.p. Aux. verb Have simple present tense (have/has) + p.p. of aux. verb Be
Def.: a fact, a habit Def.: a past action whose time is not specified (been) + Base verb + ing
Affirmative
I study I am studying I have studied I have been studying

he/she studies he/she is studying he/she has studied he/she has been studying
we study we are studying we have studied we have been studying
they study they are studying they have studied they have been studying
Simple Present (Negative) Present Progressive (Negative) Present Perfect (Negative) Present Perfect Progressive (Negative)
Use aux. verb Do in simple present tense (do/does) Use aux. verb Be in simple present tense (am/are/is) + not (contractions: Use aux. verb Have in simple present tense (have/has) + not (contrac- Use aux. verb Have in simple present tense (have/has) + not (contrac-
+ not (contractions: don’t/doesn’t) + Base verb ain’t/aren’t/isn’t) + Base verb + ing tions: haven’t/hasn’t) + p.p. tions: haven’t/hasn’t) + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base verb + ing
Negative
I do not study I am not studying I have not studied I have not been studying
you do not study you are not studying you have not studied you have not been studying
STUDY (PRESENT TENSES ONLY)
he/she does not study he/she is not studying he/she has not studied he/she has not been studying
we do not study we are not studying we have not studied we have not been studying
you do not study you are not studying you have not studied you have not been studying
they do not study they are not studying they have not studied they have not been studying
Simple Present (Yes/No Questions) Present Progressive (Yes/No Questions) Present Perfect (Yes/No Questions) Present Perfect Progressive (Yes/No Questions)
Yes/No Questions
Start sentence with aux. verb Do in simple present Start sentence with aux. verb Be in simple present tense (am/are/is) + Start sentence with aux. verb Have in simple present tense (have/has) + Start sentence with aux. verb Have in simple present tense (have/has) +
tense (do/does) + noun or pronoun+ Base verb noun or pronoun + Base verb + ing noun or pronoun + p.p. noun or pronoun + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base verb + ing
Do I study Am I studying Have I studied Have I been studying
Do you study Are you studying Have you studied Have you been studying
Does he/she study Is he/she studying Has he/she studied Has he/she been studying
Do we study Are we studying Have we studied Have we been studying
Do you study Are you studying Have you studied Have you been studying
Do they study Are they studying Have they studied Have they been studying
Simple Present (Information Questions) Present Progressive (Information Questions) Present Perfect (Information Questions) Present Perfect Progressive (Information Questions)
Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question
what (information) what (information) what (information) what (information)
Information Questions
where (location) where (location) where (location) where (location)

when (time) when (time) when (time) when (time)
who (people) who (people) who (people) who (people)
why (reasons) why (reasons) why (reasons) why (reasons)
how (manner) how (manner) how (manner) how (manner)
____ do I study ____ am I studying ____ have I studied ____ have I been studying
____ do you study ____ are you studying ____ have you studied ____ have you been studying
____ does he/she study ____ is he/she studying ____ has he/she studied ____ has he/she been studying
____ do we study ____ are we studying ____ have we studied ____ have we been studying
____ do you study ____ are you studying ____ have you studied ____ have you been studying
____ do they study ____ are they studying ____ have they studied ____ have they been studying
Infinitive verb: to study
STUDY
Base verb: study

Past Participle: studied (same as simple past for regular verbs)
Simple Past (Affirmative) DO Past Progressive (Affirmative) BE Past Perfect (Affirmative) HAVE Past Perfect Progressive (Affirmative) HAVE+BE
Base verb + ed Aux. verb Be in simple past (was/were) + Base verb + ing Aux. verb Have simple past (had) + p.p. P.P. of aux. verb Have (had) + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base verb
Def.: a unique action in the past Def.: an action that took place at a specific time in the past + ing
Affirmative
I studied I was studying I had studied I had been studying

he/she studied he/she was studying he/she had studied he/she had been studying
we studied we were studying we had studied we had been studying
they studied they were studying they had studied they had been studying
Simple Past (Negative) Past Progressive (Negative) Past Perfect (Negative) Past Perfect Progressive (Negative)
Use aux. verb Do in past simple tense (did) + not Use aux. verb Be in simple past tense (was/were) + not (contractions: Use aux. verb Have in simple past tense (had) + not (contraction: hadn’t) Use aux. verb Have in simple past tense (had) + not (contraction: hadn’t)
(contraction: didn’t) + noun or pronoun + Base verb wasn’t/ weren’t) + Base verb + ing + p.p. + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base verb+ing
Negative
I did not study I was not studying I had not studied I had not been studying
you did not study you were not studying you had not studied you had not been studying
he/she did not study he/she was not studying he/she had not studied he/she had not been studying
STUDY (PAST TENSES ONLY)
we did not study we were not studying we had not studied we had not been studying
you did not study you were not studying you had not studied you had not been studying
they did not study they were not studying they had not studied they had not been studying
Simple Past (Yes/No Questions) Past Progressive(Yes/No Questions) Past Perfect (Yes/No Questions) Past Perfect Progressive (Yes/No Questions)
Yes/No Questions
Start sentence with aux. verb Do in simple past Start sentence with aux. verb Be in simple past tense (was, were) + noun Start sentence with aux. verb Have in simple past tense (had) + noun or Start sentence with aux. verb have in simple past tense (had) + noun or
tense (did) + noun or pronoun + Base verb or pronoun + Base verb + ing pronoun + p.p. pronoun + p.p. of aux. verb Be (been) + Base verb + ing
Did I study Was I studying Had I studied Had I been studying
Did you study Were you studying Had you studied Had you been studying
Did he/she study Was he/she studying Had he/she studied Had he/she been studying
Did we study Were we studying Had we studied Had we been studying
Did you study Were you studying Had you studied Had you been studying
Did they study Were they studying Had they studied Had they been studying
Simple Past (Information Questions) Past Progressive (Information Questions) Past Perfect (Information Questions) Past Perfect Progressive (Information Questions)
Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question Add one of these words before a Yes/No Question
what (information) what (information) what (information) what (information)
Information Questions
where (location) where (location) where (location) where (location)

when (time) when (time) when (time) when (time)
who (people) who (people) who (people) who (people)
why (reasons) why (reasons) why (reasons) why (reasons)
how (manner) how (manner) how (manner) how (manner)
____ did I study ____ was I studying ____ had I studied ____ had I been studying
____ did you study ____ were you studying ____ had you studied ____ had you been studying
____ did he/she study ____ was he/she studying ____ had he/she studied ____ had he/she been studying
____ did we study ____ were we studying ____ had we studied ____ had we been studying
____ did you study ____ were you studying ____ had you studied ____ had you been studying
____ did they study ____ were they studying ____ had they studied ____ had they been studying
Infinitive verb: to talk Verb tenses of a REGULAR verb (a regular verb is a verb that ends in -ed in the past tense)
Base verb: talk
TALK
Past Participle: talked (same as simple past for regular verbs)

Present Participle: talking
Def.: a fact, a habitual habit, a repeating action, a generalization Def.: a current action. Def.: Action that started in the past and continues to be true now, it verb Be (been) + Base verb + ing
or observation. may or may not continue. Def.: Action that started in the past and is still continuing or in
NOTE: Use don’t or doesn’t to form a negative sentece. progress, still happening.
Present
Use do or does as helping verb to ask question. Ex.: I am talking to my neighbor at the moment. Ex.: I have talked to my neighbor about the party all day. Ex.: I have been talking to my neighbor all morning.
Ex.: I talk to my neighbor every day.
I talk I am talking I have talked I have been talking
you talk you are talking you have talked you have been talking
he/she/it talks he/she/it is talking he/she/it has talked he/she/it has been talking
we talk we are talking we have talked we have been talking
you talk you are talking you have talked you have been talking
they talk they are talking they have talked they have been talking
Def.: action completed at a specific time in the past. Def.: a past action that was happening (when interrupted by Def.: an past action that was completed before a second past action verb + ing
Verb tenses
Past
Ex.: I talked on the phone until 8:00 PM last night. Ex.: I was talking with my neighbor when you arrived. Ex.: I had talked to my neighbor before you arrived. Ex.: I had been talking to my neighbor before you arrived.
I talked I was talking I had talked I had been talking
you talked you were talking you had talked you had been talking
he/she/it talked he/she/it was talking he/she/it had talked he/she/it had been talking
we talked we were talking we had talked we had been talking
you talked you were talking you had talked you had been talking
they talked they were talking they had talked they had been talking
Future
Ex.: When I get home, I will talk to my neighbor about the party Ex.: If you call before 8:00 PM, I will be talking to my neighbor, so Ex.: By the time you arrive, I will have talked to my neighbor. Ex.: By the time you arrive, I will have been talking to my
next week. please call after that. neighbor for one hour.
I will talk I will be talking I will have talked I will have been talking
you will talk you will be talking you will have talked you will have been talking
he/she/it will talk he/she/it will be talking he/she/it will have talked he/she/it will have been talking
we will talk we will be talking we will have talked we will have been talking
you will talk you will be talking you will have talked you will have been talking
they will talk they will be talking they will have talked they will have been talking
Infinitive verb: to eat Verb tenses of an IRREGULAR verb
Base verb: eat
EAT
Past Participle: eaten

Present Participle: eating
Def.: a fact, a habitual habit, a repeating action. Def.: a current action. Def.: Action that started in the past and continues to be true now, it verb Be (been) + Base verb + ing
NOTE: Use don’t or doesn’t to form a negative sentece. may or may not continue. Def.: Action that started in the past and is still continuing or in
Present
Use do or does as helping verb to ask question. progress, still happening.

Ex.: I eat lunch every day. Ex.: I am eating lunch right now. Ex.: I have eaten lunch in this restaurant many times. Ex.: I have been eating lunch for the past half hour.
I eat I am eating I have eaten I have been eating
you eat you are eating you have eaten you have been eating
he/she/it eats he/she/it is eating he/she/it has eaten he/she/it has been eating
we eat we are eating we have eaten we have been eating
you eat you are eating you have eaten you have been eating
they eat they are eating they have eaten they have been eating
Def.: action completed at a specific time in the past Def.: a past action that was happening (when interrupted by Def.: an past action that was completed before a second past action verb + ing
Verb tenses
Past
Ex.: I ate lunch at 1:00 PM yesterday. Ex.: I was eating when you called. Ex.: I had eaten lunch before you called. Ex.: I had been eating lunch before you called.
I ate I was eating I had eaten I had been eating
you ate you were eating you had eaten you had been eating
he/she/it ate he/she/it was eating he/she/it had eaten he/she/it had been eating
we ate we were eating we had eaten we had been eating
you ate you were eating you had eaten you had been eating
they ate they were eating they had eaten they had been eating
Future
Ex.: If you call at 1:00 PM, I will be eating lunch, so please call Ex.: By the time you arrive, I will have been eating lunch for a
Ex.: When I get home at 1:00 PM, I will eat lunch. after that. Ex.: By the time you arrive, I will have eaten lunch. half hour.
I will eat I will be eating I will have eaten I will have been eating
you will eat you will be eating you will have eaten you will have been eating
he/she/it will eat he/she/it will be eating he/she/it will have eaten he/she/it will have been eating
we will eat we will be eating we will have eaten we will have been eating
you will eat you will be eating you will have eaten you will have been eating
they will eat they will be eating they will have eaten they will have been eating
Simple Tenses Progressive Tenses
ENDINGS
VERB
Base verb + s, es, ies Aux. verb Be simple present + Base verb + ing
All regular and irregular verbs except for the 3rd person singular All regular and irregular verbs
Verbs in general Base + s Sing She sings Finish by “e” am, are, is + Base - e + ing They are moving.
She is using. I am giving.
Verbs “to do” and “to go” Base + es Do He does
Finish by a consonant and preceded by only one vowel am, are, is + Base + double consonant + ing We are swimming. He is running.
Present
Verbs that finish by “s,x,z,ch,sh” Base + es Pass She passes I am stopping.

Buzz It buzzes
Finish by “w”, “x” preceded by one vowel am, are, is + Base + ing It is snowing. He is relaxing. You are fixing.
Verbes that finish by
“y” preceded by a consonant Base - y + ies Cry He cries
“y” preceded by a vowel Base + s Buy She buys
Verb tenses
Base verb + ed Aux. verb Be simple past + Base verb + ing

All regular verbs at all persons All regular and irregular verbs
Finish by “e” Base + ed Phone I phoned Finish by “e” was, were + Base - e + ing She was driving. They were smiling.
Finish with a consonant but preceded by only one vowel Base + double the consonant + ed Stop He stopped
Travel They travelled
Finish by “w” or “x” preceded by a vowel Base + ed Show I showed Finish by a consonant and preceded by only one vowel was, were + Base + double consonant + ing I was preferring. You were controlling. We
Past
Finish by “y” preceded by a consonant Base - y + ied Try You tried were stepping.
Finish by “y” preceded by a vowel Base + ed Play She played Finish by “w”, “x” preceded by one vowel was, were + Base + ing I was blowing. We were mixing. I was
Irregular verbs at all persons See irregular verb list Catch She caught throwing.
Go He went

To Do Do Done Doing: Infinitive Verb: Base Verb: Past Participle: Present Participle

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To Do Do Done Doing: Infinitive Verb: Base Verb: Past Participle: Present Participle

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Infinitive verb: to do

Past Participle: done

I do I am doing I have done I have been doing

action that took place at a specific time in the past ing

I did I was doing I had done I had been doing

Past Participle: been

I am I am being I have been I have been being

I was I was being I had been I had been being

Base verb: have

I have I am having I have had I have been having

action that took place at a specific time in the past ing

I had I was having I had had I had been having

Base verb: study

Use do or does as helping verb to ask question. progress, still happening.

Base verb: study

I study I am studying I have studied I have been studying

where (location) where (location) where (location) where (location)

Base verb: study

I studied I was studying I had studied I had been studying

where (location) where (location) where (location) where (location)

Past Participle: talked (same as simple past for regular verbs)

Past Participle: eaten

Use do or does as helping verb to ask question. progress, still happening.

Verbs that finish by “s,x,z,ch,sh” Base + es Pass She passes I am stopping.

Base verb + ed Aux. verb Be simple past + Base verb + ing

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