COMPUTATIONAL

MECHANICS MKM411
Dr. M. Sharifpur
mohsen.sharifpur@up.ac.za

Lecture May 12th

Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
University of Pretoria

2015
Question 1 (20 Marks)
Consider an incompressible viscous fluid with constant properties then
1-1 [5 Marks]
Simplify the momentum equation in y direction as much as possible in the case of steady,
3D, body force is gravity and acting in y direction and no velocity in x direction (u  0).

1-2 [15 Marks]

Using the finite difference method in order to find the algebraic equation for the simplified
equation in the section 1-1. Assume x  y

y-direction;

 v v v v  p   2v  2v  2v 
   u  v  w     f y    2  2  2 
 t x y z  y  x y z 

Steady, 3D, body force is gravity and acting in y direction and no velocity
in x direction
 v v  p   2v  2v  2v 
  v  w     g    2  2  2  5Marks
 y z  y  x y z 
  v v  p   2v  2v  2v 
  v  w     g    2  2  2 
 y z  y  x y z 
Finite difference method in order to find the algebraic equation (3D)
 v( x, y  y, z )  v( x, y, z ) v( x, y, z  z )  v( x, y, z ) 
  v( x, y, z )  w( x, y, z )  
 y z 
p ( x, y  y, z )  p ( x, y, z )  v( x  x, y, z )  2v( x, y, z )  v( x  x, y, z )
  g   
y  ( x ) 2

v( x, y  y, z )  2v( x, y, z )  v( x, y  y, z ) v( x, y, z  z )  2v( x, y, z )  v( x, y, z  z ) 

  
(y ) 2
(z ) 2


Or 15 Marks
 vi , j 1,k  vi , j ,k vi , j ,k 1  vi , j ,k  pi , j 1,k  pi , j ,k
  vi , j ,k  wi , j ,k     g 
 y z  y
 vi , 1 j ,k  2vi , j ,k  vi 1, j ,k vi , j 1,k  2vi , j ,k  vi , j 1,k vi , j ,k 1  2vi , j ,k  vi , j ,k 1 
    
 (x) 2
(y ) 2
(z ) 2

Any mistake -3 Marks
Question 2 (30 Marks)
Consider a cylindrical fin
The right hand side is under
convection (Ta , ha) and also
radiation (TR)
The length of the fin is divided to Δx and the governing equation for
this question is:
d  dT 
 kA   ha Pr (T  Ta )  0 Where Pr is the perimeter
dx  dx 
Using finite volume method in order to derive algebraic equation for
only the boundary node at the right hand side as;
aPTP  aW TW  aETE  Su
aP  ?, aW  ? , aE  ? and Su  ?
d  dT  d  dT 
 kA   ha Pr (T  Ta )  0  kA   ha PrT  ha PTa  0
dx  dx  dx  dx 

Integration and simplification;

 2 dT   2 dT 
 kA    kA   ha PrTP V  ha PrTa V  0
 dx e  dx w
V  Ax

 dT   dT  5 Marks
 kA    kA   ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0
 dx  e  dx  w
 dT   dT 
 kA    kA   ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0
 dx  e  dx  w
 dT 
qe  qconv  qrad  k  
 dx e

 dT 
qe  ha (Te  Ta )   (T  T )  k 
e
4
R
4

 dx  e
Te is an unknown
 TP  TW 
 e
4
R
4

 ha A(Te  Ta )   A(T  T )   kA
x 
  ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0


5 Marks
 Te is an unknown
 TP  TW 

 ha A(Te  Ta )   A(T  T )   kA
e
4

x 
R
4

  ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0


 h AT  h AT   AT 4
  AT 4

 kA
 T 
kA 
TW   ha Pr xTP  ha PrTa x  0
 x x 
a e a e R P

 h AT   AT  ( kAx T
a e e
4
P  ha Pr xTP ) 
kA
x
TW  (ha PrTa x   ATR4  ha ATa )  0

 
Te   ha A  A T *3
  TP ( kA  ha Pr x)  kA TW  (ha PrTa x  ATR4  ha ATa )  0
e
 x x
 previous iteration 
 Te is an unknown

 

Te   ha A  A Te *3
  TP ( kA  ha Pr x)  kA TW  (ha PrTa x  ATR4  ha ATa )  0
 x x
 previous iteration 

aPTP  aW TW  aETE  Su
kA
TP (  ha Pr x) 
x
kA
x
 
TW  Te  ha A  AT e  (ha PrTa x  ATR4  ha ATa )
*3

kA
aP  (  ha Pr x) aW 
kA
x

aE   ha A  AT *3
e 
x Te3 from previous iteration

Su  (ha PrTa x   ATR4  ha ATa )

Question 3 (40 Marks)
By applying Finite Volume Method (FVM), find the algebraic
equation for the energy equation for nodes (1 and 3) by
using Central Difference Scheme.

Assume; Steady, 2D, air is

incompressible and has
constant property, no heat
generation, no slip
condition, Δx ≠Δy and the
viscous heat dissipation
function is;
v
    B(Tv )  D
y
 Energy Equation for incompressible and constant property
 T 
c  .(Tu)   k .(T )    eg
 t 
In the case of steady and no heat generation;

c.(Tu)   k .(T )  
2D and with the given 
     T  T  v
c  (uT )  (vT )   k  ( )  ( )     B(Tv )  D
   
 x y   x x y y  y

     T  T   v 
 c 
 x
(uT )  (vT ) dV   k  ( )  ( ) dV      B(Tv )  D dV
y   x x y y   y 
      T  T   v 
 c 
 x
(uT )  (vT ) dV   k  ( )  ( ) dV      B(Tv)  D dV
y   x x y y   y 

c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  

  T   T   T   T  
k   A    A    A    A  
  x   x    
 e w  y n  y s 
  ( Av) n  ( Av) s   B(TP vP )V  DV
General Equation
  T   T 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s   k   A   A 
 x  e  x  w
 T   T  
  A    A     ( Av) n  ( Av) s   B (TP vP ) V  DV

 y  n  y s 

Node 1 (20 Marks)

Tw  Tair  30o C , u w  4 cos  m / s

 T 
,    0 , vs  0
 y  s
Node 1 (20 Marks)
 T 
Tw  Tair  30o C , u w  4 cos  m / s ,    0 , vs  0
 y  s

  T   T 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s   k   A   A 
 x e  x w
 T   T  
  A    A     ( Av) n  ( Av) s   B (TP vP ) V  DV

 y  n  y  s 
uE  uP v  vP
c ( y TP  y ( 4 cos  )(30)  x N TN  x (0)Ts ) 
2 2
 T T  T T   T  TP    v  vP 
k  y  E P   y  P w   x  N   x 0  x  N  (0)   B(TP vP ) xy  Dxy
  x   x / 2   y    2 
u2  u1 v v T T   T  30 
c ( y T1  y ( 4 cos  )(30)  x 4 1 T4 )  k ( y  2 1   y  1 
2 2  x   x / 2 
T T  v v 
x  4 1 )  x  4 1   B (T1v1 ) xy  Dxy
 y   2 
Any mistake -2 Marks
   T   T 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s   k   A   A 
  x  e  x  w
 T   T  
  A    A     ( Av ) n  ( Av ) s   B(TP vP )V  DV

 y  n  y s 

Node 3 (20 Marks)

Te  0 , ue  0 , Tn  30o C , vn  4 Sin  m / s
Node 3 (20 Marks)
Te  0 , ue  0 , Tn  30o C , vn  4 Sin  m / s

  T   T 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s   k   A   A 
  x  e  x  w
 T   T  
  A    A     ( Av) n  ( Av) s   B (TP vP ) V  DV

 y n  y  s 
uW  uP v  vP  T  TP  T T 
c ( y (0)Te  y TW  x ( 4 Sin  )(30)  x S TP )  k ( y  E   y  P W 
2 2  x / 2   x 
 T  TP   T  TS   v v 
 x  n   x  P )  x   4 Sin   P S   B(TP vP ) xy  Dxy
 y / 2   y   2 

u4  u3 v2  v3  0  T3   T3  T4 
c (  y T4  x ( 4 Sin  )(30))  x T3 )  k ( y    y  
2 2  x / 2   x 
 30  T3   T3  T2   v3  v2 
 x    x  )  x   4 Sin     B(T3v3 ) xy  Dxy
 y / 2   y   2 

Any mistake -2 Marks

 Question 4 [10 Marks]
Assume Δx is small and in the case of one dimensional (in order to use in finite difference
method), find an algebraic equivalent (in term of nodal values and Δx) for: d 3T
3
?
df  x  f  x  x   f  x  dx
The Solution: f
 lim  lim
dx x 0 x x 0 x
d 2T ( x  x) d 2T ( x)

d 3T ( x) d  d 2T ( x)  dx 2
dx 2
   
dx 3
dx  dx 2
x
d 2T ( x) T ( x  x)  2T ( x)  T ( x  x)

d 2Ti Ti 1  2Ti  Ti 1 dx 2
(x) 2

dx 2
(x) 2 d 2T ( x  x) T ( x)  2T ( x  x)  T ( x  2x)

dx 2 (x) 2
T ( x)  2T ( x  x)  T ( x  2x) T ( x  x)  2T ( x)  T ( x  x)

d 3T ( x) d  d 2T ( x)  (x) 2
(x) 2
   
dx 3
dx  dx 2
x

d 3T ( x) 3T ( x)  3T ( x  x)  T ( x  2x)  T ( x  x)


dx 3
x 3
Second way:

dT ( x) 1 2 d 2T ( x) 1 3 d 3T ( x)
T ( x  x)  T ( x)  x  x 2
 x 3
...
dx 2 dx 6 dx
dT ( x) 1 2 d 2T ( x) 1 3 d 3T ( x)
T ( x  x)  T ( x)  x  x 2
 x 3
 ...
dx 2 dx 6 dx
dT ( x) 2 3 d 3T ( x)
T ( x  x)  T ( x  x)  2x  x
dx 6 dx 3
df  x  f f  x  x   f  x 
 lim  lim
dx x 0 x x 0 x
T ( x  x)  T ( x) 1 3 d 3T ( x)
T ( x  x)  T ( x  x)  2x  x
x 3 dx 3
d 3T ( x)  3T ( x  x)  6T ( x)  3T ( x  x)

dx 3
x 3
d 3T ( x)  3(T ( x  x)  2T ( x)  T ( x  x)) 3 d 2T ( x)
  this is equal to 
dx 3
x 3
x dx 2
 Your Test-2 script will be in paper
hand out tomorrow morning (May 13th)
The result of Test-2 will be posted on
clickUP soon
Perusal for Test-2:
Monday May 18 th

11:30-14:30
(No other time and data)