MTX311

Combustion
Borgnakke and Sonntag, Chapter 13
Lecture 3
Dr WG Le Roux

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdIB1sEpWVI
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 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation
Reference state:
• Temperature of 25°C,
• Pressure of 0.1 MPa

If the CO2 (ideal gas) also leaves the chamber at

the reference state, the measured heat transfer
would be −393 522 kJ/kmol of CO2 formed. 2
 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation
Reference state:
• Temperature of 25°C,
• Pressure of 0.1 MPa

First law: where the subscripts R and P refer to the

reactants and products, respectively

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 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation
Reference state:
• Temperature of 25°C,
• Pressure of 0.1 MPa

A measurement of the heat transfer would thus

give us the difference between the enthalpy of
the products and the reactants, where each is in
the reference state condition.
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 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation
Reference state:
• Temperature of 25°C,
• Pressure of 0.1 MPa

• Suppose that we assign the value of zero to the

enthalpy of all the elements at the reference state.
• In this case, the enthalpy of the reactants is zero, and

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 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation
Reference state:
• Temperature of 25°C,
• Pressure of 0.1 MPa

The enthalpy of this (hypothetical) ideal-gas carbon

dioxide at 25°C, 0.1 MPa pressure (where the enthalpy of
the elements is chosen to be zero), is called the
enthalpy of formation (listed in Table A.10):

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 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation
• The enthalpy of CO2 in any Reference state:
• Temperature of 25°C,
other state, can be found • Pressure of 0.1 MPa
by adding the change of
enthalpy between the
reference state and the
given state.
• That is, the enthalpy at
any temperature and
pressure is:

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 13.4 First Law Analysis
At steady-state:
Example 13.7 NB!

Or:

Or:

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 13.4 First Law Analysis
Class example:
Propane is burned at 1.2 kg/min with 150% excess
air during a steady-flow combustion process.
a) Determine the mass flow rate of air and
b) the rate of heat transfer from the combustion
chamber.

25
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