Structure Analysis I

Chapter 6
Influence Line for Staticallyy
Determinate Structures
 Influence lines
• Influence lines provide a systematic
procedure of how force in a given part of
structure varies as the applied loads moves
along
l the
h structure
 Procedure for Analysis
• Place a unit load at various locations
locations, x along the
member, and at each location use static to determine
the value of the function ( Reaction, Shear, Moment) at
the
h specified
ifi d point.
i

• If the
h IL for
f a vertical
i l force
f reaction
i at a point
i on a
beam is to be constructed, consider the reaction to be
positive at the point when it acts upward on the beam

• If a shear or moment IL is to be drawn for a point, take

the shear or moment at the point as +ve according to
the same sign convention used for drawing shear and
moment diagram.
di
• All statically determinate beams will have IL that
consist of straight
g line segments.
g After some practice
p
one should be able to minimize computations and
locate the unit load onlyy at points
p representing
p g the end
points of each line segment
 Example 1
Draw the IL for the Reaction at A
IL Equation

∑M B =0
− Ay (10) + (10 − x)(1) = 0
Ay = 1 − 101 x
 Example 2
Draw the IL for the Reaction at B
 Example 3
Draw the IL for the Shear at C
 Load from A to C

Load > C
 Example 4
Draw the IL for the Moment at C
Load from A to C

Load > C
 Example 1
Draw the IL for the Shear & Moment at B
 Example 2
Draw the IL for the Shear & Moment at C
0.5
 Example 3
Internal Hinge Example
Determine the shear & moment at point D
Example 3-Continue
3 Continue
 Example 4
Determine the moment at C in the two cases
Case 1

I .L M c

M c = 6(1.25) + 10(2.5) = 32.5 kN .m

Case 2

I L Mc
I.

M c = 6(2.5) + 10(1.25) = 27.5 kN .m

Qualitative Influence Lines
 Example 5
Sketch the influence line for the vertical reaction at A
 Example 6
Sketch the influence line for the shear at B
 Example 66-b
b
Sketch the influence line for the moment at B
Influence Line for Floor Girders
 Example 7
Draw the influence line for the shear at panel CD
 Example 8
Draw the influence line for the moment at F
 Example 9
Truss Example
Determine The force in member GB
 FGB cos 45 = RE
FGB = 1.41RE

f the
for h secondd part
FGB cos 45 = − RA
FGB = −1.41RA
 Example 10
Truss Example
Determine The force in member GF, BF
∑M B = 0 ⇒ 40R D = − FGF (17.3)
FGF = −2.3R D
FBF cos 30 = R D →→ FBF = 1.15
1 15R D

∑M F = 0 ⇒ 20R A = − FGF (17.3)

FGF = −1.15
1 15R A
FBF cos 30 = −R A →→ FBF = −1.15R A
 Example
p 11
Truss Example
Determine The force in member CG
Example
p 11
 IL due to Series of
Concentrated Loads

(V C )1 = 1(0.75) + 4(0.625) + 4(0.5) = 5.25k

(V C )2 = 1(( −0.125)) + 4(0.75)
( ) + 4(0.625)
( ) = 5.375k
(V C )3 = 1(0)
( ) + 4(( −1.25)) + 4(0.75)
( ) = 2.5k
( M C )1 = 2(7.5)
2(7 5) + 4(6 5) + 3(5
4(6.5) 0) = 56.0
3(5.0) 56 0 k .ft
( M C )2 = 2(4.5) + 4(7.5) + 3(6.0) = 57.0 k .ft
( M C )3 = 2(0) + 4(3.0) + 3(7.5) = 34.5 k .ft
Example
p 12
 Example
p 13

( M B )max = 8(1.2) + 3(0.4) = 10.8 kN .m

Example
p 14
Absolute Maximum Shear and Moment
 Simply
p Supported
pp Beam

The location of Maximum Moment is at

x
x =
2
Example
p 15