Assignment 2

Assumptions:

1. Water is delivered at 20°C.

2. The loss at the entrance of the pipeline is negligibly small, h p = 0.
3. The water flow is steady and incompressible.
4. Flow rate, Q is the same before and after construction.

Question 1
Viscosity of water at 20°C, μ= 0.001 Ns/m2

τ w ~12.5 N/m 2

ρvd ( 998) ( v )( 0.1)

Re= = = 99800 V
μ 0.001

Q=AV, therefore

99800 Q
Re=
A
1
Substituting Blasius formula, f= 0.316/ ℜ 4

0.316
( ℜ ) ρv
τ w=
8
 0.316
(8x 12.5) = ( 1 ) (998)V 2
4
ℜ

0.316
100= ( 1 ) (998)V 2
4
ℜ

315.368
100= 1
ℜ4
1
2
ℜ 4 = 3.15V

99800 Q
Replacing Re by Re=
A

99800 Q 3.15 Q
( 2 )=( )^2
π 0.05 π 0.05 r 2

Q= 0.010958m 3 / s−1

For the first pipe Q = A1 V1

0.010958
V1 =
π (30∗10¿¿−3)2 ¿

= 3.88 ms-1

For the second pipe Q = A2 V2

0.010958
V1 =
π (60∗10¿ ¿−3)2 ¿

= 0.97 ms-1

Finding Minimum pressure needed:

Since Z1=0

ρV 12 ρ V 22
P0 + =P2 + ρgZ 2+
2 2

ρ V 22 ρ V 12
P0 = P2 + ρgZ 2+ −
2 2
 Z1
sin 1.5=
100

Z1 =100 x sin 1.5

= 2.62m

Z2 =2.62 x sin 1.5=5.24 m

Thus,
998
P0 = 50x103 + 998 x 9.8 x 5.24+ (0.9722−3.882 )
2
= 94.02 KPa

The minimum pressure needed is 94.02 KPa

Question2

a. For 60mm diameter pipe:

fρ v 2
τ ω=
8
8 τω
f=
ρ v2
8 x 12.5
=
998 x 3.882

=6.65 x 10-3

L v2
h p =f [ ]
[
D 2g
]

100 3.88 2
= 6.65x10 x -3
[ [
60∗10−3 2∗9.81
]
]
100 3.88 2
= 6.65*10-3 x [ ]
[
60∗10−3 2∗9.81
]

= 8.51m
Energy equation

P 1 α 1 V 21 P2 α 2 V 22
+ + Z 1= + + Z 2+ ∑ + ¿ ht−h p ¿
γ 2g γ 2g net

94.02 x 103 3.882 50 x 103 0.972

+ = + +8.51−h p
998 x 9.8 2 x 9.8 998 x 9.8 2 x 9.8

50 x 103 0.972 94.02 x 10 3 3.882

hp= + +8.51− −
998 x 9.8 2 x 9.8 998 x 9.8 2 x 9.8

= 3.29m

P= ρgQ h p

= 998 x 9.8 x 0.010958 x 3.29

= 352.6Kw

998
P2= 94.03 x 103 + ( ) (3.882−0.072
2
= 76.38 Pa

Question 3
Sketch of the HGL and EGL lines
For Z= 0,
P
HGL= +Z
ρg
94.03 x 103
=
998 x 9.81
= 9.60m

v2
EGL= +Z
2g
(3.88)2
=
(2 x 9.81)
= 0.77m

For P= 50kpa

Z= 5.62

P
HGL= +Z
ρg

50 x 10 3
= + 5.62
998 x 9.81

= 10.72m
 v2
EGL=
2g

0.972
=
(2 x 9.81)

= 0.048m

Question 4
a. For the new pipe = Rm200 x 0.352

= Rm70.4

f 998∗1.3952
For the old pipe = 12.5 =
8

100 12.5∗8
n=f[ ¿ ¿] f=
10∗10−2 998∗1.395 2

= 2.62m = 0.026

Power = ρgQr

= 998 x 9.8 x 0.019580 x 2.62

= 0.502W

For the old pipe = Rm200 x 0.502

= Rm100.4

b. 1 inch = 2.5cm = Rm35

1cm = Rm14

100cm = Rm1400

1 m = Rm1400

100m = Rm140000

c.

100 m
=16.667
6

16.667 x 90=Rm 1500

Plastic pipe cost is Rm 15000