Well Design – 2D

ENM210 Drilling Technology

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 1

Process flowchart
C e m e n t in g
C e m e n t in g p ro g ra m m e
Th is p h a s e o f t h e D e s ig n
Obta in spa c ia l p ro c e s s is d a t a
da ta for fie ld D a t a t r a n s f e r p ro c e d u r e Input & a c q u is it io n a n d G e t s p e c ia lis t
va lida te da ta v a lid a t io n f ro m t h e S e le c t TO C f o r c o n t ra c t o r t o
c lie n t . Th e re m u s t e a c h h o le f o rm u la t e
se ts b e a r e c o rd re c ip e s
s e c t io n f r o m
m a in t a in e d o f t h is L O F b a s is
Obta in lithology, t ra n s f e rt o D e t e rm in e
S c h lu m b e r g e r v o lu m e s p re f lu s h ,
fra c ture a nd C o m p le t e d W e ll
D a t a t ra n s f e r p ro c e d u re Input & D e t e rm in e TO TC s p a c e ra n d
pore pre ssure D e s ig n f o r is o la t io n c em ents then
da ta va lida te da ta
p u rp o s e s p ro d u c e p u m p in g
se ts s c h e d u le
Y es

Obta in w e ll
re quire me nts D a t a t r a n s f e r p ro c e d u r e D rillin g D rills t rin g
Input & T& D , C a s in g W e a r a n d sy stem and BH A
va lida te H y d ra u lic s t u d y O K ? d e s ig n

S e le c t b it a n d B it / B H A s t ra t e g y
No
sy stem w it h d rills t rin g
c o m b in a t io n

T h e re m u s t b e d e s ig n D e s ig n B H A
s t a n d a rd s f o r: S u rv e y d e t a ils t o g iv e D e s ig n D r ills t r in g
D e s ig n T ra je c t o ry
C onduc tor P ro g ra m m e r e q u ire d D L S
C a s in g D e s ig n
S u r f a c e C a s in g D e s ig n
I n t e rm e d ia t e C a s in g s Y es
No P ro d u c t io n C a s in g
P ro d u c t io n L in e r s
P re s s u re S e le c t H o le S u rf a c e
S ize s t o Y es
c o n t a in m e n t ? N o C o llis io n R is k ?
d e liv e r C a s in g
D e s ig n No No
Y es D r illin g F lu id
C an
No b e t t e r S u rv e y
W e ll lif e P ro g ra m m e
D e t e rm in e p ro f ile
c o n s id e ra t io n s ? r e m o v e ris k ?
c o n s t ra in t s : MW and
s u rf a c e C o n f irm F r ic t io n
A re
re s e rv o ir le g is la t io n F a c t o rs
a ll w e ll p o s it io n a l
Y es w e llb o re s t a b ilit y re q u ire m e n t s re q u ire m e n t s
m et?

Tra je c t o ry S e le c t M W
D e s ig n W e ll P la n D rillin g F lu id
W e ll d rillin g p la n f ro m p o r e
W e ll P lo t s p ro g ra m m e
p re s s u re a n d
w e llb o r e s t a b ilit y

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 2

 Casing
• Good indication of
competent formations
• Hard enough to allow
deflection of the
drilling tools
• Good estimate of the
speed at which the
borehole can be
deflected

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 3

Segments of a deviated well

• Rig Floor • Hold Section
– Datum for all MD’s – No inclination variation
• Well Reference Pt • DoP / 2nd KoP
– Normally vertically below – S wells
rig • EoD / Eo2ndB
• KoP – Amount of curved section
– Amount drilled from WRP • Target
to get competent formation
– Geological formation
• EoB
• Total Depth
– Curved section to get
– Reservoir exposure to get
• Tangent angle production

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 4

 Well Types
• Vertical
0

0 Tie-In 0
Seabed

– Design
1000 1000

2000 2000

• 0º inclination, azimuth
does not matter
3000 3000

– Regular drilled
4000 4000

5000 5000

• > 0º inclination, azimuth

TVD Scale = 1(in):1426.84(ft)

does matter
6000 6000

-400 -200 0 200

– Control drilled
7000 7000
400 400

<<< S Scale = 1(in):300(ft) N >>>

8000 8000

• Depends on the control 200

Tie-In
200

9000 9000

• Can still end up with

RGU_C01
KOP RGU_C01
v1.00

0 0

inclination variation
Seabed
10000 10000

• Could be truly vertical

11000 RGU_C01 RGU_C01 11000 -200 -200
KOP v1.00

12000 12000
-400 -200 0 200
0
Vertical Section (ft) Azim = 0°, Scale = 1(in):1426.84(ft) Origin = 0 N/-S, 0 E/-W <<< W Scale = 1(in):300(ft) E >>>

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 5

Well Types
• J-shaped
-14000 -12000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0

Tie-In
0 seabed
0
KOP

– Design
• Build angle2000from a point of 2000

0º inclination along a
curve of a designed radius
4000 4000
on a fixed heading until an EOC (Curve-Hold)

angle is obtained, which,

when maintained
6000 will 6000

intercept a ‘target’ point 0

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0

0
Keabed
Tie-In
sOP

– Regular drilled variations

8000
-2000
EOC(Curve-Hold)
8000
-2000

• Rate of change of angle -4000 -4000

• Inclinations10000 RGU_SW3
td
-6000
10000
-6000

RGU_SW3

• Azimuths v1.00

-8000 -8000
-14000 -12000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0

– Control drilled -10000 -10000

• Better control of variations

RGU_SW3
v1.00 RGU_SW3
td

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 6

 Well Types -7000 -6000 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0

• S-shaped 0 Tie-In

seabed
KOP
0

– Design 1000 1000

• Build angle from a point of 0º 2000 2000

inclination along a curve of a

designed radius on a fixed 3000
EOC #1 (3D-S)
3000

heading until an angle is

obtained, which, when 4000 4000

maintained will intercept a 5000 5000

secondary curve towards a

‘target’ point and thereafter 6000 6000

intercept the target at a -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0

known inclination and azimuth 7000

RGU_
v1.00 NW5
RGU_NW5 7000

– Regular drilled variations

5000 td 5000

8000 KOP #2 8000

• Rate of change of angle 4000 4000

9000 9000

• Inclinations KOP #2 3000 3000

• Azimuths 10000
2000
10000
2000

– Control drilled 11000

RGU_NW5 1000
11000
1000

• Better control of variations td

RGU_NW5

v1.00
EOC #1 (3D-S)

12000 0 12000 0
sea
Tie
Kbed
OP
-In
-7000 -6000 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0
-5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 7

What’s best..?
• ∞ number of
possibilities
0

200
• Has to be engineered
400 correctly
600
– Mechanical stresses
800

1000
– Hydraulic limitations
1200 • Minimising time
• Maximising
1400

1600

1800
performance
2d-10deg 2d-30deg 2d-45deg 2d-60deg 2d-75deg 2d-90deg

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 8

 Circular Functions
• An arc of a circle is a
segment of the circumference
of the circle.

• Arc length of a circle in

radians = θr
• Arc length of a circle in
degrees = θ π r / 180
© The Robert Gordon University 2006

Circular Functions
Arc AB = 2πR x a/360°
= πR x a/180°
If R = 15m and
a = 60°
C = 2πR
= 2π(15) = 94.2m
Arc AB = π R x a/180
= π(15)(60)/180
= 15.7m

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 10

 Build up Rate formula
Ra = Radius in Feet or Meters
BUR is usually in: °/100ft or °/ 30m
a) English units:
BUR = 57.29580 x 100/ Radius (ft)
BUR = 5729.580/ Radius (ft)
Radius (ft) = 5729.580/BUR
b) Metric unit:
BUR = 57.29580 x 30/ Radius (m)
BUR = 1718.870/ R(m)
Radius (m) = 1718.870/BUR

BUR = 5729.58/ ΔTVD

or
BUR = 5729.58/ ΔHD

© The Robert Gordon University 2006

Radius of Curvature
C = 2πRc
= 360 x 100 / BUR
BUR = 360 x 100 / 2πRc in °/100 ft

Rc = 18000 / πBUR in feet

TVD1 = Rc × sinI1
TVD2 = Rc × sinI2
ΔTVD = TVD2 - TVD1
= Rc ( sinl2 - sinI1)
ΔTVD = 5729.58( sinl2 - sinI1)/BUR

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 12

 Radius of Curvature
HD1 = Rc - Rc × cosI1
= Rc (1 - cosI1)
HD2 = Rc - Rc × cosI2
= Rc (1 - cosI2)
ΔHD = HD2 - HD1
= Rc (cos I1 - cosI2)
ΔHD = 5729.58(cos I1 - cosI2)/BUR
ΔMD = πRc × (I2 – I1)/360 = length of the arc (ft)

ΔMD = (I2 – I1) x 100/BUR

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 13

Fundamentals
400
500

ΔTVD 400 500

ΔHD
400 500

900 500
200
ΔTVD
90 0

ΔHD
200

© The Robert Gordon University 2006

 Determine End of Build
KOP TVD Build Radius
∅
∅ = 500

ΔTVD

EOB TVD = KOP (TVD) +

EOB 900
ΔHD ΔTVD

© The Robert Gordon University 2006

Slant (departure > R)

• Given:
– Wellhead coordinates
– Target coordinates
– Target TVD, V3
• To determine:
– KOP vertical depth, V1
– Build up rate, BUR
– KOP Kick-off point.
– V1 TVD of straight section/surface to
KOP.
– V2 TVD of end of build up.
– V2 - V1 TVD of Build up section with
BUR corresponding to radius of
curvature R.
– V3 - V2 TVD of Tangent section to
total depth.
– D1 Displacement at end of build up.
– D2 Total horizontal displacement of
target.
– Ǿ Maximum inclination of well.

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 16

 Slant (R > departure)
• Given:
– Wellhead coordinates
– Target coordinates
– Target TVD, V3
• To determine:
– KOP vertical depth, V1
– Build up rate, BUR
– KOP Kick-off point.
– V1 TVD of straight section/surface to
KOP.
– V2 TVD of end of build up.
– V2 -V1 TVD of Build up section with BUR
corresponding to radius of
– curvature R.
– V3 - V2 TVD of Tangent section to total
depth.
– D1 Displacement at end of build up.
– D2 Total horizontal displacement of target.
– Ǿ Maximum inclination of well.

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 17

S-shaped (R1 + R2) < total target displacement

• Given:
– Wellhead coordinates
– Target coordinates
– Target TVD, V5
• To determine:
– KOP vertical depth, V1
– Build up rate, BUR
– Drop off rate, DOR
– Vertical depth at end of drop, V4
– KOP Kick-off point.
– V1 TVD of straight section/surface to KOP.
– V2 TVD of end of build up.
– V3 TVD of start of drop.
– V4 TVD of end of drop.
– V2 - V1 TVD of Build up section with BUR
corresponding to radius of curvature R1.
– V3 - V2 TVD of Tangent section.
– V4 - V3 TVD of drop section
– D1 Displacement at end of build up.
– D2 Displacement at end of tangent
– D3 Total horizontal displacement of target.
– Ǿ Maximum inclination of well.

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 18

 S-shaped (R1 + R2) > total target displacement
• Given:
– Wellhead coordinates
– Target coordinates
– Target TVD, V5
• To determine:
– KOP vertical depth, V1
– Build up rate, BUR
– Drop off rate, DOR
– Vertical depth at end of drop, V4
– KOP Kick-off point.
– V1 VD of straight section/surface to KOP.
– V2 VD of end of build up.
– V3 VD of start of drop.
– V4 VD of end of drop.
– V2 - V1 TVD of Build up section with BUR
corresponding to radius of curvature R1.
– V3 -V2 TVD of Tangent section.
– V4 -V3 TVD of drop section.
– D1 Displacement at end of build up.
– D2 Displacement at end of tangent.
– D3 Total horizontal displacement of target.
– Ǿ Maximum inclination of well.

© The Robert Gordon University 2006 19

Manual Profile Design

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 Manual Profile Design

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End of Module

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