PROBLEM 2.

28

Each of the four vertical links connecting the two rigid

horizontal members is made of aluminum ( E = 70 GPa)
and has a uniform rectangular cross section of 10 × 40 mm.
For the loading shown, determine the deflection of
(a) point E, (b) point F, (c) point G.

SOLUTION
Statics. Free body EFG.

ΣM F = 0 : − (400)(2 FBE ) − (250)(24) = 0

FBE = −7.5 kN = −7.5 × 103 N

ΣM E = 0 : (400)(2 FCF ) − (650)(24) = 0

FCF = 19.5 kN = 19.5 × 103 N
Area of one link:
A = (10)(40) = 400 mm 2
= 400 × 10−6 m 2
Length: L = 300 mm = 0.300 m
Deformations.

FBE L (−7.5 × 103 )(0.300)

δ BE = = 9 −6
= −80.357 × 10−6 m
EA (70 × 10 )(400 × 10 )
FCF L (19.5 × 103 )(0.300)
δ CF = = = 208.93 × 10−6 m
EA (70 × 109 )(400 × 10−6 )

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 PROBLEM 2.41

Two cylindrical rods, one of steel and the other of brass, are joined at
C and restrained by rigid supports at A and E. For the loading shown
and knowing that Es = 200 GPa and Eb = 105 GPa, determine
(a) the reactions at A and E, (b) the deflection of point C.

SOLUTION

A to C: E = 200 × 109 Pa
π
A= (40) 2 = 1.25664 × 103 mm 2 = 1.25664 × 10−3 m 2
4
EA = 251.327 × 106 N

C to E: E = 105 × 109 Pa
π
A= (30) 2 = 706.86 mm 2 = 706.86 × 10−6 m 2
4
EA = 74.220 × 106 N

A to B: P = RA
L = 180 mm = 0.180 m
PL RA (0.180)
δ AB = =
EA 251.327 × 106
= 716.20 × 10−12 RA

B to C: P = RA − 60 × 103
L = 120 mm = 0.120 m
PL ( RA − 60 × 103 )(0.120)
δ BC = =
EA 251.327 × 106
= 447.47 × 10−12 RA − 26.848 × 10−6

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 PROBLEM 2.41 (Continued)

C to D: P = RA − 60 × 103
L = 100 mm = 0.100 m
PL ( RA − 60 × 103 )(0.100)
δ BC = =
EA 74.220 × 106
= 1.34735 × 10−9 RA − 80.841 × 10−6

D to E: P = RA − 100 × 103
L = 100 mm = 0.100 m
PL ( RA − 100 × 103 )(0.100)
δ DE = =
EA 74.220 × 106
= 1.34735 × 10−9 RA − 134.735 × 10−6

A to E: δ AE = δ AB + δ BC + δ CD + δ DE
= 3.85837 × 10−9 RA − 242.424 × 10−6

Since point E cannot move relative to A, δ AE = 0

(a) 3.85837 × 10−9 RA − 242.424 × 10−6 = 0 RA = 62.831 × 103 N RA = 62.8 kN ← 

RE = RA − 100 × 103 = 62.8 × 103 − 100 × 103 = −37.2 × 103 N RE = 37.2 kN ← 

(b) δ C = δ AB + δ BC = 1.16367 × 10−9 RA − 26.848 × 10−6

= (1.16369 × 10−9 )(62.831 × 103 ) − 26.848 × 10−6

= 46.3 × 10−6 m δ C = 46.3 μ m → 

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 PROBLEM 2.42

Solve Prob. 2.41, assuming that rod AC is made of brass and

rod CE is made of steel.

PROBLEM 2.41 Two cylindrical rods, one of steel and the

other of brass, are joined at C and restrained by rigid supports at A
and E. For the loading shown and knowing that Es = 200 GPa
and Eb = 105 GPa, determine (a) the reactions at A and E, (b) the
deflection of point C.

SOLUTION

A to C: E = 105 × 109 Pa
π
A= (40) 2 = 1.25664 × 103 mm 2 = 1.25664 × 10−3 m 2
4
EA = 131.947 × 106 N

C to E: E = 200 × 109 Pa
π
A= (30) 2 = 706.86 mm 2 = 706.86 × 10−6 m 2
4
EA = 141.372 × 106 N
A to B: P = RA
L = 180 mm = 0.180 m
PL RA (0.180)
δ AB = =
EA 131.947 × 106
= 1.36418 × 10−9 RA

B to C: P = RA − 60 × 103
L = 120 mm = 0.120 m
PL ( RA − 60 × 103 )(0.120)
δ BC = =
EA 131.947 × 106
= 909.456 × 10−12 RA − 54.567 × 10−6

C to D: P = RA − 60 × 103
L = 100 mm = 0.100 m
PL ( RA − 60 × 103 )(0.100)
δ CD = =
EA 141.372 × 106
= 707.354 × 10−12 RA − 42.441 × 10−6

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 PROBLEM 2.42 (Continued)

D to E: P = RA − 100 × 103
L = 100 mm = 0.100 m
PL ( RA − 100 × 103 )(0.100)
δ DE = =
EA 141.372 × 106
= 707.354 × 10−12 RA − 70.735 × 10−6

A to E: δ AE = δ AB + δ BC + δ CD + δ DE
= 3.68834 × 10−9 RA − 167.743 × 10−6

Since point E cannot move relative to A, δ AE = 0

(a) 3.68834 × 10−9 RA − 167.743 × 10−6 = 0 RA = 45.479 × 103 N R A = 45.5 kN ← 

RE = RA − 100 × 103 = 45.479 × 103 − 100 × 103 = −54.521 × 103 RE = 54.5 kN ← 

(b) δ C = δ AB + δ BC = 2.27364 × 10−9 RA − 54.567 × 10−6

= (2.27364 × 10−9 )(45.479 × 103 ) − 54.567 × 10−6

= 48.8 × 10−6 m δ C = 48.8 μ m → 

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 PROBLEM 2.60

At room temperature (20 °C) a 0.5-mm gap exists between the ends
of the rods shown. At a later time when the temperature has reached
140°C, determine (a) the normal stress in the aluminum rod, (b) the
change in length of the aluminum rod.

SOLUTION

ΔT = 140 − 20 = 120 °C
Free thermal expansion:
δT = Laα a (ΔT ) + Lsα s ( ΔT )
= (0.300)(23 × 10−6 )(120) + (0.250)(17.3 × 10−6 )(120)
= 1.347 × 10−3 m
Shortening due to P to meet constraint:

δ P = 1.347 × 10−3 − 0.5 × 10−3 = 0.847 × 10−3 m

PLa PLs  La L 
δP = + = + s P
Ea Aa Es As  Ea Aa Es As 
 0.300 0.250 
= 9 −6
+ 9 −6 
P
 (75 × 10 )(2000 × 10 ) (190 × 10 )(800 × 10 ) 
= 3.6447 × 10−9 P

Equating, 3.6447 × 10−9 P = 0.847 × 10−3

P = 232.39 × 103 N

P 232.39 × 103
(a) σa = − =− = −116.2 × 106 Pa σ a = −116.2 MPa 
Aa 2000 × 10−6

PLa
(b) δ a = Laα a (ΔT ) −
Ea Aa

(232.39 × 103 )(0.300)

= (0.300)(23 × 10−6 )(120) − 9 −6
= 363 × 10−6 m δ a = 0.363 mm 
(75 × 10 )(2000 × 10 )

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 PROBLEM 3.7

The solid spindle AB has a diameter ds= 1.5 in. and is made of a steel with
an allowable shearing stress of 12 ksi, while sleeve CD is made of a brass
with an allowable shearing stress of 7 ksi. Determine the largest torque T
that can be applied at A.

SOLUTION

1
Analysis of solid spindle AB: c= d s = 0.75 in.
2
Tc Jτ π
τ= T= = τ c3
J c 2
π
T = (12 × 103 )(0.75)3 = 7.95 × 103 lb ⋅ in
2
1 1
Analysis of sleeve CD: c2 = d o = (3) = 1.5 in.
2 2
c1 = c2 − t = 1.5 − 0.25 = 1.25 in.
π π
J=
2
(c 4
2 )
− c14 =
2
(1.54 − 1.254 ) = 4.1172 in 4

Jτ (4.1172)(7 × 103 )
T= = = 19.21 × 103 lb ⋅ in
c2 1.5

The smaller torque governs: T = 7.95 × 103 lb ⋅ in

 T = 7.95 kip ⋅ in 

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 PROBLEM 3.8

The solid spindle AB is made of a steel with an allowable shearing stress of

12 ksi, and sleeve CD is made of a brass with an allowable shearing stress
of 7 ksi. Determine (a) the largest torque T that can be applied at A if the
allowable shearing stress is not to be exceeded in sleeve CD, (b) the
corresponding required value of the diameter d s of spindle AB.

SOLUTION

1 1
(a) Analysis of sleeve CD: c2 = do = (3) = 1.5 in.
2 2
c1 = c2 − t = 1.5 − 0.25 = 1.25 in.
π π
J=
2
(c 4
2 )
− c14 =
2
(1.54 − 1.254 ) = 4.1172 in 4

Jτ (4.1172)(7 × 103 )
T= = = 19.21 × 103 lb ⋅ in
c2 1.5

T = 19.21 kip ⋅ in 

Tc
(b) Analysis of solid spindle AB: τ=
J
J π T 19.21 × 103
= c3 = = = 1.601 in 3
c 2 τ 12 × 103
(2)(1.601)
c=3 = 1.006 in. d s = 2c
π
d = 2.01in. 

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 PROBLEM 3.19

The solid rod AB has a diameter dAB = 60 mm. The pipe CD has
an outer diameter of 90 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm.
Knowing that both the rod and the pipe are made of a steel for
which the allowable shearing stress is 75 Mpa, determine the
largest torque T that can be applied at A.

SOLUTION

Jτ all
τ all = 75 × 106 Pa Tall =
c
1 π
Rod AB: c= d = 0.030 m J= c4
2 2
π π
Tall = c3τ all = (0.030)3 (75 × 106 )
2 2
= 3.181 × 103 N ⋅ m

1
Pipe CD: c2 = d 2 = 0.045 m c1 = c2 − t = 0.045 − 0.006 = 0.039 m
2
π π
J =
2
(c 4
2 )
− c14 =
2
(0.0454 − 0.0394 ) = 2.8073 × 10−6 m 4

(2.8073 × 10−6 )(75 × 106 )

Tall = = 4.679 × 103 N ⋅ m
0.045

Allowable torque is the smaller value. Tall = 3.18 × 103 N ⋅ m

3.18 kN ⋅ m 

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 PROBLEM 3.38

The aluminum rod AB (G = 27 GPa) is bonded to the brass

rod BD (G = 39GPa). Knowing that portion CD of the
brass rod is hollow and has an inner diameter of 40 mm,
determine the angle of twist at A.

SOLUTION

Rod AB: G = 27 × 109 Pa, L = 0.400 m

1
T = 800 N ⋅ m c = d = 0.018 m
2
π π
J = (0.018) 4 = 164.896 × 10−9 m
c4 =
2 2
TL (800)(0.400)
ϕ A/B = = 9 −9
= 71.875 × 10−3 rad
GJ (27 × 10 )(164.896 × 10 )
1
Part BC: G = 39 × 109 Pa L = 0.375 m, c = d = 0.030 m
2
π π
T = 800 + 1600 = 2400 N ⋅ m, J = c4 = (0.030) 4 = 1.27234 × 10−6 m 4
2 2
TL (2400)(0.375)
ϕ B /C = = = 18.137 × 10−3 rad
GJ (39 × 109 )(1.27234 × 10−6 )
1
Part CD: c1 = d1 = 0.020 m
2
1
c2 = d 2 = 0.030 m, L = 0.250 m
2
π π
J =
2
( 2
)
c24 − c14 = (0.0304 − 0.0204 ) = 1.02102 × 10−6 m 4

TL (2400)(0.250)
ϕC / D = = 9 −6
= 15.068 × 10−3 rad
GJ (39 × 10 )(1.02102 × 10 )

Angle of twist at A. ϕ A = ϕ A/B + ϕ B/C + ϕC/D

= 105.080 × 10−3 rad

ϕ A = 6.02° 

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 PROBLEM 3.39

The solid spindle AB has a diameter d s =1.5 in. and is made of a steel with
G = 11.2 × 106 psi and τ all = 12 ksi, while sleeve CD is made of a brass
with G = 5.6 × 106 psi and τ all = 7 ksi. Determine the angle through end
A can be rotated.

SOLUTION

1
Stress analysis of solid spindle AB: c= ds = 0.75 in.
2
Tc Jτ π
τ = T = = τ c3
J c 2
π
T = (12 × 103 )(0.75)3 = 7.95 × 103 lb ⋅ in
2
1 1
Stress analysis of sleeve CD: c2 = do = (3) = 1.5in.
2 2
c1 = c2 − t = 1.5 − 0.25 = 1.25in.
π π
J =
2
(c 4
2 )
− c14 =
2
(1.54 − 1.254 ) = 4.1172in 4

Jτ (4.1172)(7 × 10−3 )
T = = = 19.21 × 103 lb ⋅ in
c2 1.5

The smaller torque governs. T = 7.95 × 103 lb ⋅ in

Deformation of spindle AB: c = 0.75 in.

π
J = c 4 = 0.49701 in 4 , L = 12 in., G = 11.2 × 106 psi
2
TL (7.95 × 103 ) (12)
ϕ AB = = = 0.017138 radians
GJ (11.2 × 106 )(0.49701)

Deformation of sleeve CD: J = 4.1172 in 4 , L = 8 in., G = 5.6 × 106 psi

TL (7.95 × 103 ) (8)
ϕCD = = = 0.002758 radians
GJ (5.6 × 106 ) (4.1172)

Total angle of twist: ϕ AD = ϕ AB + ϕCD = 0.019896 radians ϕ AD = 1.140° 

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 PROBLEM 3.40

The solid spindle AB has a diameter d s = 1.75in. and is made of

a steel with G = 11.2 × 106 psi and τ all = 12 ksi, while sleeve
CD is made of a brass with G = 5.6 × 106 psi and τ all = 7 ksi.
Determine (a) the largest torque T that can be applied at A if the
given allowable stresses are not to be exceeded and if the angle of
twist of sleeve CD is not to exceed 0.375°, (b) the corresponding
angle through which end A rotates.

SOLUTION
1
Spindle AB: c= (1.75in.) = 0.875 in. L = 12 in., τ all = 12 ksi, G = 11.2 × 106 psi
2
π π
J = c4 = (0.875)4 = 0.92077in 4
2 2
Sleeve CD: c1 = 1.25 in., c2 = 1.5 in., L = 8 in., τ all = 7 ksi
π
J =
2
(c
4
2 )
− c14 = 4.1172 in 4 , G = 5.6 × 106 psi

(a) Largest allowable torque T.

Tc Jτ
Ciriterion: Stress in spindle AB. τ = T =
J c
(0.92077)(12)
T= = 12.63 kip ⋅ in
0.875

Jτ 4.1172 in 4
Critrion: Stress in sleeve CD. T= = (7 ksi) T = 19.21 kip ⋅ in
c2 1.5 in.

Criterion: Angle of twist of sleeve CD φ = 0.375° = 6.545 × 10−3 rad

TL JG (4.1172)(5.6 × 106 )
φ = T = φ = (6.545 × 10−3 )
JG L 8
T = 18.86 kip ⋅ in

The largest allowable torque is T = 12.63 kip ⋅ in 

Ti Li Li
(b) Angle of rotation of end A. φ A = φ A / D = φ A / B + φC / D =  =T 
J i Gi J i Gi
 12 8 
= (12.63 × 103 )  6
+ 6 
 (0.92077)(11.2 × 10 ) (4.1172)(5.6 × 10 ) 
= 0.01908 radians ϕ A = 1.093° 

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 PROBLEM 3.52

The composite shaft shown is to be twisted by applying a

torque T at end A. Knowing that the modulus of rigidity is 77
GPa for the steel and 27 GPa for the aluminum, determine the
largest angle through which end A can be rotated if the
following allowable stresses are not to be exceeded:
τ steel = 60 MPa and τ aluminum = 45 MPa .

SOLUTION

ϕ
τ max = Gγ max = Gcmax
L
ϕall τ all
= for each material.
L Gcmax

1
Steel core: τ all = 60 × 106 Pa , cmax = d = 0.027 m, G = 77 × 109 Pa
2
ϕall 60 × 106
= = 28.860 × 10−3 rad/m
L (77 × 109 )(0.027)

1
Aluminum Jacket: τ all = 45 × 106 Pa , cmax = d = 0.036 m, G = 27 × 109 Pa
2
ϕall 45 × 106
= = 46.296 × 10−3 rad/m
L (27 × 109 )(0.036)

ϕall
Smaller value governs: = 28.860 × 10−3 rad/m
L
ϕall
Allowable angle of twist: ϕall = L = (2.5) (28.860 × 10−3 ) = 72.15 × 10−3 rad ϕall = 4.13° 
L

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 20 40 20 PROBLEM 4.1
20
M 5 15 kN · m Knowing that the couple shown acts in a vertical plane, determine
A the stress at (a) point A, (b) point B.
80

20
B

Dimensions in mm

SOLUTION

1 3
For rectangle: I bh
12
1
Outside rectangle: I1 (80)(120)3
12

I1 11.52 106 mm 4 11.52 10 6

m4

1
Cutout: I2 (40)(80)3
12

I2 1.70667 106 mm 4 1.70667 10 6

m4
6
Section: I I1 I2 9.81333 10 m4

My A (15 103 )(0.040)

(a) yA 40 mm 0.040 m A 61.6 106 Pa
I 9.81333 10 6

A 61.6 MPa

MyB (15 103 )( 0.060)

(b) yB 60 mm 0.060 m B 91.7 106 Pa
I 9.81333 10 6

B 91.7 MPa

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted
on a website, in whole or part.

447
 200 mm PROBLEM 4.3
y 12 mm

Using an allowable stress of 155 MPa, determine the largest bending

moment M that can be applied to the wide-flange beam shown. Neglect the
C x 220 mm effect of fillets.
M
8 mm

12 mm

SOLUTION

Moment of inertia about x-axis:

1
I1 (200)(12)3 (200)(12)(104)2
12
25.9872 106 mm 4
1
I2 (8)(196)3 5.0197 106 mm 4
12
I3 I1 25.9872 106 mm 4

I I1 I2 I3 56.944 106 mm 4 56.944 10 6

m4
Mc 1
with c (220) 110 mm 0.110 m
I 2
I
M with 155 106 Pa
c
(56.944 10 6 )(155 106 )
Mx 80.2 103 N m
0.110
Mx 80.2 kN m

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on a website, in whole or part.

449
 200 mm PROBLEM 4.4
y 12 mm

Solve Prob. 4.3, assuming that the wide-flange beam is bent about the y axis
by a couple of moment My.
C x 220 mm
M PROBLEM 4.3. Using an allowable stress of 155 MPa, determine the
8 mm largest bending moment M that can be applied to the wide-flange beam
shown. Neglect the effect of fillets.
12 mm

SOLUTION

Moment of inertia about y axis:

1
I1 (12)(200)3 8 106 mm 4
12
1
I2 (196)(8)3 8.3627 103 mm 4
12
I3 I1 8 106 mm 4

I I1 I2 I3 16.0084 106 mm 4 16.0084 10 6

m4
Mc 1
with c (200) 100 mm 0.100 m
I 2
I
My with 155 106 Pa
c
(16.0084 10 6 )(155 106 )
My 24.8 103 N m
0.100
My 24.8 kN m

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
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on a website, in whole or part.

450
 8 in. PROBLEM 4.10
1 in.
Two vertical forces are applied to a beam of the cross section shown.
1 in. 6 in.
Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion
1 in. BC of the beam.
4 in.

25 kips 25 kips

A B C D

60 in.
20 in. 20 in.

SOLUTION

A y0 A y0
8 7.5 60
6 4 24
4 0.5 2
18 86
86
Yo 4.778 in.
18
Neutral axis lies 4.778 in. above the base.
1 1
I1 b1h13 A1d12 (8)(1)3 (8)(2.772) 2 59.94 in 4
12 12
1 1
I2 b2 h23 A2 d 22 (1)(6)3 (6)(0.778) 2 21.63 in 4
12 12
1 1
I3 b3 h33 A3 d32 (4)(1)3 (4)(4.278) 2 73.54 in 4
12 12
I I1 I 2 I 3 59.94 21.63 73.57 155.16 in 4
ytop 3.222 in. ybot 4.778 in.

M Pa 0
M Pa (25)(20) 500 kip in.

Mytop (500)(3.222)
top top 10.38 ksi (compression)
I 155.16
Mybot (500)( 4.778)
bot bot 15.40 ksi (tension)
I 155.16

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456
10 mm 10 mm PROBLEM 4.11
10 kN 10 kN Two vertical forces are applied to a beam of
B C
the cross section shown. Determine the
50 mm
A
maximum tensile and compressive stresses
D
in portion BC of the beam.
10 mm
250 mm
50 mm 150 mm 150 mm

SOLUTION

A, mm 2 y0 , mm A y0 , mm3
600 30 18 103
600 30 18 103
300 5 1.5 103

1500 37.5 103

37.5 103
Y0 25mm
1500
Neutral axis lies 25 mm above the base.

1
I1 (10)(60)3 (600)(5)2 195 103 mm 4 I 2 I1 195 mm 4
12
1
I3 (30)(10)3 (300)(20) 2 122.5 103 mm 4
12
I I1 I 2 I 3 512.5 103 mm 4 512.5 10 9 m 4

ytop 35 mm 0.035 m ybot 25 mm 0.025 m

a 150 mm 0.150 m P 10 103 N
M Pa (10 103 )(0.150) 1.5 103 N m

Mytop (1.5 103 )(0.035)

top 102.4 106 Pa top 102.4 MPa (compression)
I 512.5 10 9

M ybot (1.5 103 )( 0.025)

bot 73.2 106 Pa bot 73.2 MPa (tension)
I 512.5 10 9

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