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STUDY OF TUNNELS
By-
SHAIKH ADIL
WHAT IS TUNNEL?
depends on
ground conditions,
the ground water conditions,
the length and diameter of the tunnel drive,
the depth of the tunnel,
the logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation,
the final use and
shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk.
COMMONLY USED METHODS
1. CUT AND COVER
TUNNELING
2. DRILL AND
BLAST
3. BORED
TUNNELING
Done by Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)
It is often used for excavating long tunnels
4. SEQUENTIAL EXCAVATION
METHOD
Also known as the New Austrian Tunneling
Method (NATM).
The excavation location of a proposed tunnel is
divided into segments first.
Thesegments are then mined sequentially with
supports
PARTS OF TUNNELS
TUNNEL LININGS
Tunnel usage
COMMON TYPES OF LINING USED IN
TUNNELS
1. Natural
support in
rock
When the
tunnel is being
bored through
good quality
rock
2. ROCK REINFORCEMENT
Steel bolts are frequently set in holes drilled
into the rock to assist in supporting the entire
roof or individual rock slabs that tend to fall
into a tunnel
3. SHOTCRETE
Pneumatically applied mortar and concrete
are increasingly being used for the support of
underground excavations
4. WIRE MESH