University Of Zakho

Collage Of Engineering
Petroleum Department

Electricity lab
EX NO.2 (Verification of Ohm's law in
series circuit)

Name: Lulav saeed sadiq

DATE FOR EX.: 28/3/2019
DATE FOR GIVEN: 4/3/2019
SUPERVISED BY: MSS. MUHIAJ T. ABDUULAH
Table of content
1-Porpuse ………………………………………………………………………page-2-
2- Apparatus……………………………………………………………………page-2-
3-Theory………………………………………………………………………page-2-&-3-
4-Procedur………………………………………………………………………page-3-
5-Calculation and Result………………………………………………………..page-4-&-5-
6-Discussion…………………………………………………………………….page-6-

1
 Experiment N.2
Verification of Ohm's law in series circuit

1.Purpose:
1- Investigate the relationship between the three variables involved in Ohm's law (current,
voltage and resistance)
2- To find the total resistance of series circuit.

2. Apparatus:
Number of resistances, voltmeter, ammeter and DC power supply.

3.Theory:
There are many methods to measure electrical resistance of material practically, the
famous methods are:
1- Ohm's law 2- Wheatstone bridge 3- Ohmmeter 4- By color code.
Ohm's law applies to electrical circuits; state that the current through a conductor between
two points is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) across the two
points at constant temperature, and the constant of the proportionality is called
(resistance).
The mathematical equation that describe this relationship is:
I=V/R……………(Ohm's law)
Where (V) is the potential difference (voltage) measured across the resistance in. units of
(volts), and (I) is the current that pass through the resistance in units of (amperes), and (R)
is the electrical resistance of the material in units of (Ohm's (Q)). Thus, the higher the
resistance the lower the current passes through it for a given applied voltage. The
resistance of many conductors such as metals increases with increasing the temperature of
it:
R2=R 1 [1+α ( T 1−T 2 ) ]

Where R1 is the resistance of a metal in temperature (T 1), R2 isthe resistance of the a metal in
temperature (T 2) , α is the temperature coefficients of the material.

2
When a current flows through a resistance R, heat is generated at the rate P= I 2 R (Joule
heating). Thus if enough current flows through a resistance it wll cause to heat it up
appreciably, it will behave in a non-Ohmic way and one cannot speak of the resistor as
having a certain fixed resistance for all currents.

Series connection of resistors:

Resistors are said to be in series when they are connected in such a way that there is only
one path through which current can flow. This means that the current in a series circuit is
the same in all parts of the circuit.
RT =R1 + R2 + R3 +… … … Rn

E=V 1+ V 2+V 3+ … … …V n

I T =I 1=I 2=I 3=… … … I n

4- Procedure:
1- Connect the circuit as shown in figure(1).
2- Vary the value of the voltage from the DC power supply and record the ammeter
reading (the current l).
3- Put your reading in a table (1).
4- Plot a graph between the voltage on Y-axis and the current on X-axis
5- Find the value of the total resistance ( RT ) from the graph which is presented by the
slope of the graph.
6- Find the total resistance theoretically by using the relation:
RT =R1 + R2 + R3
7- Find the percentage error.

Fig-1- How to connected devices with each other

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5. Calculation and Result
In this lab we get current and V load from V s . as shown in table-1-. And we got resistance
from them and also in lab we use two resistance R1=300Ω, R2=2.2kΩ. so we have the total
theory resistance RT =300+2.2*103=2500Ω

Table-1-
No. V s (volt) V load (volt) I T (mA) R(Ω)
1 1v 1.08 v 0.432 mA 2500 Ω
2 2v 2.08 v 0.832 mA 2500 Ω
3 3v 3.01 v 1.213 mA 2482 Ω
4 4v 4.04 v 1.635 mA 2471 Ω
5 5v 5.08 v 2.052 mA 2476 Ω
6 6v 6v 2.424 mA 2475 Ω

V load
When V s =1 v, V load =1.08 v, I T =0.432 mA, R= = 1.08/0.432*10−3 =2500 Ω
I
V load
When V s =2 v, V load =2.08 v, I T =0.832 mA, R= = 2.08/0.832*10−3=2500 Ω
I
V load
When V s =3 v, V load =3.01 v, I T =1.213 mA, R= = 3.01/1.213*10−3 =2482 Ω
I
V load
When V s =4 v, V load =4.04 v, I T =1.635 mA, R= = 4.04/1.635*10−3=2471 Ω
I
V load
When V s =5 v, V load =5.08 v, I T =2.052 mA, R= = 5.08/2.052*10−3 =2476 Ω
I
V load
When V s =6 v, V load =6 v, I T =2.424 mA, R= = 6/2.424*10−3=2475 Ω
I

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7-Discussion
In this lab we use a series circuit and two resistance for measuring the load voltage and
current. A series circuit is one that has more than one resistor, but only one path through
which the electricity (electrons) flows. From one end of the cell (battery), the electrons
move along one path with NO branches, through the resistors, to the other end of the cell.
All the components in a series circuit are connected end-to-end. First of all we connected
power supply, voltmeter, ammeter, together on breadboard but is series way. And then we
take voltage one by one and at each voltage we measured current, load voltage. Then we
calculated the resistance from them. And if we look at fig(2), we will see that the voltage
is direct proportional to the current. On the curve we take the slop between two point and
then we calculate the practical resistance from slop and at the end we found the error
between the practical resistance and the theoretical one and we get 2.36%. and this range
is correct range because the error must not be more than 10%.