1.

Nine students held their breath, once after breathing normally and relaxing for one minute, and once after hyperventilating for one minute. The table indicates how
long (in sec) they were able to hold their breath. Is there an association between the two variables?

Normal (x) Hypervent (y) xy y2 x2

56 87 4872 7569 3136
56 91 5096 8281 3136
65 85 5525 7225 4225
65 91 5915 8281 4225
50 75 3750 5625 2500
25 28 700 784 625
87 122 10614 14884 7569
44 66 2904 4356 1936
35 58 2030 3364 1225
Total
483 703 41406 60369 28577
Find the correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination, r 2 , and interpret the result.

n Σ xy−Σ x Σ y
1. r=
√¿ ¿ ¿

9 ( 41406 )−( 483 ) (703)

r=
√¿ ¿ ¿

r =0.97 ( good ¿ stongrelationship )

r 2=0.94 ≈ 94 %
Hypothesis Testing

1.) What is the null hypothesis?

H 0 : ρ=0.75
2.) What is the alternative hypothesis?

H 1 : ρ≠ 0.75
3.) What is the test statistic to be used?

z r−z ρ
z=
σ^ ρ
4.) What is the appropriate critical region?

z ← z α /2 ∨z > Z α ∕ 2

z ←1.96∨z >1.96
5.) What is the actual value of the test statistic?

1 1+r
2 ( )
z r= ln ⁡ σ^ = 11
1−rρ z = ln ⁡
√ρ n−3 ( ) 1+ ρo
z=
z r−z ρ
σ^ ρ
2 1− ρ o
1 1+.97
z r= ln ⁡ ^
2 ( )
σ ρ=
1−.97 z√ρ =
1
1
9−3 ln ⁡ ( 1+.75
) z=
2.09−0.97
0.41
2 1−.75
z r=2.09
σ^ρ=0.41 z=2.73
z ρ =0.97

6.) What is the statistical decision?

z ← z α /2 ∨z > Z α ∕ 2

2.73←1.96∨2.73>1.96
 False or True, True, Reject H0

7.) What is the statistical conclusion?

Therefore, ρ ≠ 0.75 .