Document Tittle Foundation Design for Inverter Transformer

Project Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

18002-EC-EDE-005-1
Foundation Design for Inverter Transformer

R1 28-09-2018 AC VW RM
R0 17-08-2018 MC VW PN
Revision Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by
 Inputs
I. Transformer details

Reference drawing - C-04936E-5400

Weight of Transformer (without oil) = 10054 kg
Weight of oil = 2996 kg
Weight of Transformer (with oil) = 13050 kg
No. of Jacking pads = 4
Load on each jacking pad = 3700 kg
Max. weight of Transformer = 14800 kg
(Considered for design of bottom pad)

Volume of oil = 3404 L

C/C distance of wheel = 1.2 m
Overall length of Transformer (L0) = 4.4724 m
Overall Width of Transformer = 3.4712 m
Height of Transformer (Upto oil conservator tank) = 2.323 m

Transfrormer Ref. drawing

II. Wind load calculation

Site location - Sakaka

- 165 km/hr (Fig. 6.4-1 of SBC 301)
Basic wind speed
- 46 m/s
Surface roughness of the land - C (as per 6.4.2.2, SBC-301)
Exposure Category - C (as per 6.4.2.3, SBC-301)
Topographic factor - 1 (as per 6.4.3.2, SBC-301)
Structure Category - III (Based on Table 1.6-1, SBC-301)
Importance factor of structure - 1.15 (Based on Table 6.5-1, SBC-301)
Adjustment factor
- 1.35 (Based on Table 7.1-1)
(Based on the mean height of building and exposure)
Net Design wind press. at 2.3 m above mean GL in kN/m2 = 0.680 kN/m2 (Based on Table 7.1-1, SBC-301)
Net design wind pressure at 2.3 m above mean GL in kN/m2 = 1.056 kN/m2
(corrected as per Importance factor & mean height)

Wind acting Diagonal to transformer

Wind load on Transformer (along Y-axis) = 4.472 x 2.323 x 1.056 x cos( 45 )

i.e., shear in Y-dir = 7.756 kN

Wind load on Transformer (along X-axis) = 3.471 x 2.323 x 1.056 x cos( 45 )

i.e., shear in X-dir = 6.019 kN

Moment about X-axis 7.756 x 2.323 / 2

= 9.008 kN-m
 Moment about Y-axis 6.019 x 2.323 / 2
= 6.992 kN-m
Wind acting Normal to transformer

Wind load on Transformer (along Y-axis) = 4.472 x 2.323 x 1.056

i.e., shear in Y-dir = 10.968 kN

Wind load on Transformer (along X-axis) = 3.471 x 2.323 x 1.056

i.e., shear in X-dir = 8.513 kN

Moment about X-axis 10.968 x 2.323 / 2

= 12.739 kN-m

Moment about Y-axis 8.513 x 2.323 / 2

= 9.888 kN-m

Load due to wind at PL

Normal case Diagonal case
Direction of wind X Y X Y
Shear at PL along X-axis, kN 8.513 0 6.019 6.019
Shear at PL along Y-axis, kN 0 10.968 7.756 7.756
Moment at PL about X-axis, kN-m 0 12.739 9.008 9.008
Moment at PL about Y-axis, kN-m 9.888 0 6.992 6.992

Load due to wind at footing level

Normal case Diagonal case
Direction of wind X Y X Y
Shear at PL along X-axis, kN 8.513 0 6.019 6.019
Shear at PL along Y-axis, kN 0 10.968 7.756 7.756
Moment at PL about X-axis, kN-m 0 21.514 15.213 15.213
Moment at PL about Y-axis, kN-m 16.698 0 11.807 11.807
III. Seismic load calculation

Height of Transformer (Upto oil conservator tank) 2.323 m

Site location = Sakaka
Site class C (Based on Geotechnical report)
Parameter (SS) for 0.2 second earthquake spectral
1.2
response acceleration (Based on Geotechnical report)
Parameter (S1) for 1 second earthquake spectral
0.3
response acceleration (Based on Geotechnical report)
Mapped maximum spectral acceleration for short time,
1.2
SMS (Based on cl. 9.4.3, SBC 301)
Mapped maximum spectral acceleration for 1 second,
0.5
SM1 (Based on cl. 9.4.3, SBC 301)
Design spectral acceleration for short time, SDS 0.78
(Based on cl. 9.4.5, SBC 301)
Design spectral acceleration for 1 second, SD1 0.33
(Based on cl. 9.4.5, SBC 301)
Response mofication factor 3 (Based on Table 10.2)
Coefficient, Ct 0.055 (Based on Table 10.9.3.2)
Coefficient, x 0.75
Approximate fundamental frequency 0.103 Sec
Importance factor 1
Maximum seismic response coefficient 1.07
Minimum seismic response coefficient 0.03
Design base shear, Vb = Cs x Total vertical load (Based on Table 10.9.2)

Seismic response coefficient, Cs = 0.3

Base shear at PL in Y-direction = 0.3 x 210.406

= 55.042 kN > 10.97 kN (Due to Wind acting in normal direction)

Base shear at PL in X-direction = 0.3 x 210.406

= 55.042 kN > 8.513 kN (Due to Wind acting in normal direction)

Load due to seismic activity at foundation

Vertical load, kN 145.19
Shear at PL along X-axis, kN 55.04
Shear at PL along Y-axis, kN 55.04
Moment at PL about X-axis, kN-m 14.24
Moment at PL about Y-axis, kN-m 14.24
It can be seen from above that wind load is lesser than seismic load and hence seismic load is considered for design.
IV. Footing Design

A. Service load on footing

Particaular Value
Vertical load, kN 145.19
Shear in X-direction, kN 55.04
Shear in Y-direction, kN 55.04
Moment about X-direction, kN-m 14.24
Moment about Y-direction, kN-m 14.24
B. Design of Footing
i) Dimensions of pedestal
i) Along X-direction = 0.4 m
ii) Along Y-direction = 1.7 m
iii) Depth of pedestal below GL = 0.15 m
iv) Plinth Level = 0.3 m
v) No. of pedestals = 2
vi) weight of pedestal = 15.30 kN
ii) Dimesnions of Footing
i) Along X-direction = 2.3 m
ii) Along Y-direction = 2.3 m
iii) Pad thickness = 0.35 m
iv) Depth of pad from FGL = 0.5 m
v) weight of pad = 46.2875 kN
iii) Design parameters
i) Density of soil = 20 kN/m3
ii) Gross SBCof soil at depth of
2
0.5 m below FGL = 343 kN/m
iii) Grade of Concrete = 28
iv) Yield stress of bar = 520
v) Load factor = 1.5
(As per Limit state Method)
vi) FOS against Bearing = 1.5
vii) FOS against Sliding = 1.5
viii) FOS against Overturning = 2
iv) Deign of foundation
Volume of concrete = 2.3 x 2.3 x 0.35 +
0.4 x 1.7 x( 0.15 + 0.3 )
3
= 2.464 m

Weight of concrete = 25 x 2.464

= 61.588 kN

Weight of soil = 20 x ( 2.645 - 2.464 )

= 3.630 kN

Total vertical load = 145.188 + 61.59 + 3.63

= 210.406 kN
 8

1. Load Case

A.Check for overturning

Overtuning moment about Y-axis = 14.24 kN-m

Actual eccentricity along X-axis = 14.24 / 210.406

i.e. ex = 0.068 m

Allowable eccentricity along X-axis = 2.3 / 6

i.e. ex in m = 0.383 > 0.068

Restoring Moment due to Wt. = 210.406 x 1.150

about Y-axis = 241.966

FOS against overturning moment = 241.966 / 14.243

= 17.0 > 1.5 Safe against overturning about Y-axis

Overtuning moment about X-axis = 14.24 kN-m

Actual eccentricity along Y-axis = 14.24 / 210.406

i.e. ey = 0.068 m

Allowable eccentricity along Y-axis = 2.3 / 6

i.e. ey in m = 0.383 > 0.068

Restoring Moment due to Wt. = 210.406 x 1.15

about X-axis = 241.966

FOS against overturning moment = 241.966 / 14.243

= 17.0 > 1.5 Safe against overturning about X-axis
 9

B.Check for Sliding

Vertical load on foundation = 210.406

= 210.406 kN

Resisting force against sliding = 210.406 x 0.67

= 140.972 kN

Total shear force acting on foundation = 55.042⬚ + 55.042

⬚
= 77.841 kN

FOS against sliding = 140.972 / 77.841

= 1.81 > 1.5 Safe against sliding

C.Check for Bearing pressure

i) Unifrom pressure due to = 210.406 /( 2.3 x 2.3 )

2
vertical load = 39.774 kN/m

2
ii) Pressure due to Moment = 14.243 x 6 /( 2.3 x 2.3 )
2
about X-axis = 7.024 kN/m

2
ii) Pressure due to Moment = 14.243 x 6 /( 2.3 x 2.3 )
2
about Y-axis = 7.024 kN/m

2
Max. Bearing pressure in kN/m = 39.774 + 7.024 + 7.024
= 53.822 < 343 Safe against bearing criteria

2
Min. Bearing pressure in kN/m = 39.774 - 7.024 - 7.024
= 25.727 > 0 Safe against tension criteria

Assume a unifrom pressure of 53.822 kN/m2 over the entire area of footing for design.
 10

3. Reinforcement calculation

Bar diamter of bottom reinforcement

i) Along X-axis (bottom) = 10 mm
ii) Along Y-axis (bottom) = 10 mm

Clear cover of the foundation = 75 mm

Effective depth of foundation along X-direction = 350 - 75 - 5

(Bottom of Bottom reinforcement) = 270 mm

Effective depth of foundation along Y-direction = 350 - 75 - 10 - 5

(Top of Bottom reinforcement) = 260 mm

Effective depth of foundation = 0.5 x ( 270 + 260 )

(Average value considered for two way shear design) = 265 mm

Downward pressure due to self wt. = 61.588 + 3.630 /( 2.3 x 2.3 )

2
= 12.328 kN/m

Net upward pressure = 53.822 - 12.328

= 41.493 kN/m2

Design net pressure = 41.493 x 1.5

2
= 62.240 kN/m
 11

Limiting depth of neutral axis, Xumax/D = 0.0035/(0.0055+0.87fy/Es)

= 0.4509147

2
Limiting Moment of resistance, Mulim/fckbd = 0.36 x (xumax/d) x (1-0.416(Xumax/d))
= 0.1318795

2
Limiting Moment of resistance, Mulim/bd2 = 3.6926255 N/mm

Reinforcement calculation along X-axis

A. Flexure Criteria

Distance of pedestal from edge of footing = 0.35 m

( along X-axis)

Point at which shear force is zero = 108.891 / ( 62.240 x 2.3 )

= 0.761 m (from 0.55m i.e., C/L of column)
= 1.311

Moment @ 1.311 m from edge of pad = 62.240 2.3

x x 1.311 x 1.311 / 2
(about Y-axis) - 108.891 x ( 0.761 )
= 40.126687 kN-m

2
Ultimate cantilever Moment/ m = 62.240 x( 0.35 )
(about Y-axis) = 7.624 kN-m/m

Mu/bdx2 = 40.127 x 1000000 / ( 2300 x 270 2

)
2 < Mulimiting
= 0.239 N/mm
2
Moment of resistance, Mu/fckbd = 0.36 x (xu/d) x (1-0.416(Xu/d))
 12

Xu/d = (0.87fy/0.36fck) x (% of steel required)

= 44.633 x (% of steel required)
= 0.0238474

% of steel required = (xu/d)/ 44.633

= 0.120

2
Area of steel required, mm = 0.12 x 2300 x 270 / 100
2
= 745.2 mm

B. One way shear criteria

Distance from edge of footing (Critical secion = 350 - 270

for shear is at a distance of "d" from the face of the col.) = 80 mm

Ultimate shear force, Vu = 62.240 x 2.3 x 0.08

= 11.452 kN

Critical shear stress = 11.452 /( 2.3 x 0.27 )

2
= 18.441 kN/m
= 0.018 N/mm2

Critical shear stress as per ACI 2√(Fck)

= 126.49111 Psi
2
0.87 N/mm

Hence, section provided is safe against one way shear criteria.

 13

C. Two way shear criteria

Effective width along X-axis = 0.4 + 0.265

= 0.665 m

Effective width along Y-axis = 1.7 + 0.265

= 1.965 m

Net Punching shear = 62.240 x( 2.3 x 2.3 - 0.665 x 1.965 )

= 247.918 kN

Critical punching shear stress = 247.918

2 x( 0.665 + 1.965 ) x 0.265

2
= 177.859 kN/m
2
= 0.178 N/mm

Allowable punching shear stress = Ks x 0.25 x fck

β = 0.4 / 1.7
= 0.235

Ks = 0.5 + 0.235
= 0.735

2
Allowable punching shear stress, N/mm = 0.735 x 0.25 x 28
= 0.973 > 0.178

Hence, section provided is safe against two-way shear criteria

Along X-axis: Provide 10 mm dia bars spaced @ 175 mm C/C across Y-axis @ Bottom of pad
 14

Reinforcement calculation along Y-axis

Distance of pedestal from edge of footing = 0.3 m

( along Y-axis)

A. Flexure Criteria

2
Ultimate cantilever Moment/ m = 62.240 x( 0.3 )
(about X-axis) = 5.602

Mu/bd2 = 5.602 x 1000000 / ( 2300 x 260 2

)
2 < Mulimiting
= 0.036 N/mm

2
Moment of resistance, Mu/fckbd = 0.36 x (xu/d) x (1-0.416(Xu/d))

Xu/d = (0.87fy/0.36fck) x (% of steel required)

= 44.633 x (% of steel required)
= 0.0035597

% of steel required = (xu/d)/ 44.633

= 0.12

Area of steel required, mm2 = 0.12 x 2300 x 260 / 100

2
= 717.6 mm
 15

B. One way shear criteria

Distance from edge of footing (Critical secion = 300 - 260

for shear is at a distance of "d" from the face of the col.) = 40 mm

Ultimate shear force, Vu = 62.240 x 2.3 x 0.26

= 37.219 kN

Critical shear stress due to load = 37.219 /( 2.3 x 0.26 )

2
= 62.240 kN/m
2
= 0.062 N/mm

Critical shear stress as per ACI 2√(Fck)

= 126.49111 Psi
2
0.87 N/mm

Hence, section provided is safe against one way shear criteria.

C. Two way shear criteria

Effective width along X-axis = 0.4 + 0.265

= 0.665 m

Effective width along Y-axis = 1.7 + 0.265

= 1.965 m

Net Punching shear = 62.240 x( 2.3 x 2.3 - 0.665 x 1.965

= 247.918 kN
 16

Critical punching shear stress = 247.918

2 x( 0.665 + 1.965 ) x 0.265

2
= 177.859 kN/m
= 0.178 N/mm2

Allowable punching shear stress = Ks x 0.25 x fck

β = 0.4 / 1.7
= 0.235

Ks = 0.5 + 0.235
= 0.735

2
Allowable punching shear stress, N/mm = 0.735 x 0.25 x 28
= 0.973 > 0.178

Hence, section provided is safe against two-way shear criteria

Along Y-axis: Provide 10 mm dia bars spaced @ 175 mm C/C across X-axis @ Bottom of pad
 17

4. Design of Pedestal

Least lateral dimension of the Pedestal = 0.4 m

Height of Pedestal = 0.45 m

Height = 0.45
Least lateral dimension 0.4
= 1.125 < 3

Hence it is designed as pedestal

Max. vertical load on pedestal = 145.188

= 145.188 kN

Max. Moment acting

i) About X-axis = 0.000 kN-m
ii) About Y-axis = 0.000 kN-m
2
iii) Considered for design = 1.15 x ( 0.000 ) + 0.000 2)

= 0.000 kN-m

Ultimate vertical load on pedestal = 1.5 x 145.188

= 217.782 kN

Ultimate moment acting on pedestal = 1.5 x 0.000

= 0.000 kN-m
 18

Reinforcement calculation

Diameter of bar = 12 mm
Diameter of stirrup = 8 mm
Clear cover provided = 40 mm

b = 1.7 m
D = 0.4 m
d' = 40 + 8 + 12 / 2
= 54 mm

d'/D = 54 / 400
= 0.135

Pu/fckbd = 217.782 /( 28 x 1700 x 400 )

2
= 0.0114 N/mm

2 2
Mu/fckbd = 0.000 /( 28 x 1700 x 400 )
2
= 0.0000 N/mm

Hence provide minimum reinforcement shall be provided

Concrete area required for resist vertical load = 145.188 x 1000

2
in cm 0.36 x 28 x 100
= 144.036

Minimum percentage of steel required = 0.15 %

 19

Minimum area of steel required = 0.15 x 144.036

= 0.216

Tie bar diameter = 8 mm

Tie bar spacing = 175 mm

Longitudnal reinforcement:
Provide 12 mm dia @ 190 mm C/C.

Transverse reinforcement
Provide 8 mm dia bars spaced @ 175 mm C/C.
Transformer Dimensions

Overall length of Transformer (L0) = 4.47 m

Overall Width of Transformer = 3.47 m
Height of Transformer (Upto oil conservator tank) = 2.32 m

Material
Grade of concrete = 28
Grade of steel used = 75 (520)

Pedestal Dimensions
Dimension along X-axis = 0.4 m
Dimension along Y- axis = 1.7 m
Plinth level above ground = 0.3 m
Depth below GL = 0.15 m

Longitudnal reinforcement:
Provide 12 mm dia @ 190 mm C/C.
Transverse reinforcement
Provide 8 mm bars @ 175 mm C/C.

Footing Dimensions
Dimension along X-axis = 2.3 m
Dimension along Y- axis = 2.3 m
Thickness of pad = 0.35 m
Depth of foundation = 0.5 m

Reinforcement along X-axis

Provide 10 mm diam bars spaced @ 175 mm C/C along X-axis @ Bottom of pad.
Reinforcement along Y-axis
Provide 10 mm diam bars spaced @ 175 mm C/C along Y-axis @ Bottom of pad.

To take care of stress reversal due to temperature changes, same reinforcement has been provided at top as well.
 Capacity of Oil collection pit calculation

Volume of transformer oil = 3404 lt

Capacity which soak pit has to constrain = (capacity of oil in tank +10% of oil volume)

Volume of oil collection pit required = 3404 x 1.1

= 3744.4 lt
= 3.7444 m3

Thickness of Gravel layer provided = 250 mm

Area of oil pit required = 3.7444 / 0.25

= 14.9776 m2

Assuming a void space of 45 % in gravel layer placed.

Area of pit required = 14.9776 / 0.45

= 33.28356 m2
Area of pit provided:

1. Area enclosed by oil pit = 7 x 6

42 m2

2. Area of pedestal = 0.4 x 1.7 x 2

1.36 m2

= 1.6 x 0.23 x 1 +
3. Area enclosed by cable support
1.06 x 1.9 x 1
+ HV cable groove
2.382 m2

Total obstructions = 1.36 + 2.382

3.742 m2

Area of oil pit = 42 - 3.742

38.258

Net area available for oil collection, m2 = 38.258 > 33.28 m2

The capacity of oil pit collection is more than oil volume which is desired.