Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ZR315-8,6-60VSD
Instruction Book
Serial Number: S990476 01 v00
Customer: POLAR BREWERIES, VENEZUELA
www.atlascopco.com
2005-11
Instruction Book
This instruction book describes how to handle and operate the subject machine(s) to ensure safe operation,
optimum working economy and long service life.
Read this book before putting the machine into operation to ensure correct handling, operation and
proper maintenance from the beginning. The maintenance schedule comprises measures for keeping the
compressor in good repair.
Keep the book available for the operator(s) and make sure that the compressor is operated and that
maintenance is carried out according to the instructions. Record all operating data, maintenance work
effected, etc. in an operator's logbook available from Atlas Copco. Follow all applicable safety precautions,
amongst others those mentioned in this book.
Repairs must be carried out by trained personnel from Atlas Copco who can also be contacted for any further
information.
In all correspondence mention the type and the serial number, shown on the data plate.
The company reserves the right to make changes without prior notice.
OWNERSHIP DATA
Selected lubricants
Compressor: .................................................................... Capacity: ....................................................
Bearing grease type, electric motor:................................
Dryer gearbox .................................................................. Capacity: ....................................................
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Important notes:
Although any document that was delivered with the part is shipped with the machine, paper documents are
often lost or put aside.
Documentation of parts used in this machine fabricated by other manufacturers than Atlas Copco can best
be found on their internet website. (i.e. flow control products, motors, regulators …)
Most of them have a documentation sub-website where all information can be found.
If you have difficulties to find the information contact your Customer Centre.
B) Paint
Spare parts of these items will be delivered in standard Atlas Copco grey for the canopy and standard black
for the frame. (Spare part numbers of standard parts are printed in the Spare parts list.)
If the unit is delivered with hydrostatic witnessed parts, spare part numbers of not witnessed standard parts
are printed in the Spare parts list.
To overcome long delays by ordering spare parts, partnumbers of hydrostatic witnessed parts will not be
supported.
D) Service Kits
In the Spare parts list only standard Service kits are printed. Service kits of special parts will not be
supported.
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 6
1 LEADING PARTICULARS..................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 General description .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Air system ........................................................................................................................................ 10
1.3 Condensate drain system .............................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Electronic water drains (EWD)....................................................................................................... 13
1.5 Cooling system ............................................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Oil system ........................................................................................................................................ 16
1.7 Electrical system............................................................................................................................. 17
2 PLC-Regulator ........................................................................................................................................ 18
2.1 Controlling the compressor speed – reducing power consumption......................................... 18
2.2 Protecting the compressor ............................................................................................................ 20
2.3 Service warning............................................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Control panel ................................................................................................................................... 20
2.5 Emergency stop button .................................................................................................................. 22
2.6 Status data / window....................................................................................................................... 22
2.7 Compressor condition data / (status) area................................................................................... 23
2.8 Measured data ................................................................................................................................. 25
2.9 Changing language......................................................................................................................... 26
2.10 Pressure setpoint ........................................................................................................................ 26
2.11 Modifying parameters, use of touch screen keyboard............................................................ 27
2.12 Modifying protection settings .................................................................................................... 27
2.13 Service screen / settings ............................................................................................................ 27
2.14 Screen blanked, power failure.................................................................................................... 28
2.15 Service plans ............................................................................................................................... 28
2.16 Programmable settings............................................................................................................... 29
2.16.1 Regulation settings & parameters.............................................................................................. 29
2.16.2 Protection settings ..................................................................................................................... 29
3 Installation............................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 Dimension drawing ......................................................................................................................... 31
3.2 Flow diagram ................................................................................................................................... 32
3.4 Installation proposal ....................................................................................................................... 33
3.5 Electric connections ....................................................................................................................... 35
3.6 Electrical diagram ........................................................................................................................... 38
3.7 Electric cables ................................................................................................................................. 41
3.8 Cooling water requirements........................................................................................................... 41
3.9 Pictographs...................................................................................................................................... 44
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4 Operating instructions........................................................................................................................... 45
4.1 Operation introduction ................................................................................................................... 45
4.2 Initial start-up................................................................................................................................... 45
4.3 Before starting................................................................................................................................. 49
4.4 Starting............................................................................................................................................. 50
4.5 During operation ............................................................................................................................. 52
4.6 Stopping........................................................................................................................................... 52
4.7 Taking out of operation .................................................................................................................. 53
5 Maintenance............................................................................................................................................ 54
5.1 Maintenance warnings.................................................................................................................... 54
5.2 Preventive maintenance schedule ................................................................................................ 54
5.3 Motor greasing ................................................................................................................................ 55
5.4 Storage after installation ................................................................................................................ 55
5.5 Service kits ...................................................................................................................................... 55
5.6 Oil specifications ............................................................................................................................ 56
6 Adjustments and servicing procedures............................................................................................... 57
6.1 Air filters........................................................................................................................................... 57
6.2 Oil and oil filter change .................................................................................................................. 58
6.3 Safety valves ................................................................................................................................... 59
7 Problem solving...................................................................................................................................... 60
7.1 Faults and remedies ....................................................................................................................... 60
8 Technical data......................................................................................................................................... 61
8.1 Readings on display ....................................................................................................................... 61
8.2 Settings of safety valves ................................................................................................................ 61
8.3 Circuit breakers and fuses ............................................................................................................. 61
8.4 Reference conditions...................................................................................................................... 61
8.5 Limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 61
8.6 Compressor data............................................................................................................................. 62
8.7 Compressor specifications ............................................................................................................ 62
8.7.1 General information ................................................................................................................... 62
8.7.2 Performance data ...................................................................................................................... 62
8.8 Special mechanical items............................................................................................................... 64
8.9 Cubicle with PLC controlled regulator, Frequency Converter and IL77 operating panel....... 66
8.9.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 66
8.9.2 Front panel apparatus................................................................................................................ 66
8.9.3 Start interlock / shutdown circuits / regulation / auxiliary circuits............................................... 67
8.9.4 I/O circuits .................................................................................................................................. 67
8.9.5.Interfaces to Customer .................................................................................................................... 68
9 Pressure equipment directives ............................................................................................................. 69
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
To be read attentively and acted accordingly before installing, operating or repairing the unit.
All responsibility for damage or injury resulting from neglecting these precautions, or non-observance of
the normal caution and care required for installation, operation, maintenance and repair, even if not
expressly stated, will be disclaimed by Atlas Copco.
General precautions
1. The operator must employ safe working practices and observe all related local work safety requirements
and regulations.
2. If any of the following statements does not comply with local legislation, the stricter of the two shall apply.
3. Installation, operation, maintenance and repair work must only be performed by authorised, trained,
specialised personnel.
4. The compressor is not considered capable of producing air of breathing quality. For air of breathing quality,
the compressed air must be adequately purified according to local legislation and standards.
5. Before any maintenance, repair work, adjustment or any other non-routine checks, stop the compressor,
press the emergency stop button, switch off the voltage and depressurise the compressor. In addition, the
power isolating switch must be opened and locked.
6. Never play with compressed air. Do not apply the air to your skin or direct an air stream at people. Never
use the air to clean dirt from your clothes. When using the air to clean equipment, do so with extreme
caution and wear eye protection.
1. The machine must only be lifted using suitable equipment in accordance with local safety regulations.
Loose or pivoting parts must be securely fastened before lifting. It is strictly forbidden to dwell or stay in the
risk zone under a lifted load. Lifting acceleration and deceleration must be kept within safe limits. Wear a
safety helmet when working in the area of overhead or lifting equipment.
2. Place the machine where the ambient air is as cool and clean as possible. If necessary, install a suction
duct. Never obstruct the air inlet. Care must be taken to minimise the entry of moisture at the inlet air.
3. Any blanking flanges, plugs, caps and desiccant bags must be removed before connecting the pipes.
4. Air hoses must be of correct size and suitable for the working pressure. Never use frayed, damaged or
worn hoses. Distribution pipes and connections must be of the correct size and suitable for the working
pressure.
5. The aspirated air must be free of flammable fumes, vapours and particles, e.g. paint solvents, that can lead
to internal fire or explosion.
6. Arrange the air intake so that loose clothing worn by people cannot be sucked in.
7. Ensure that the discharge pipe from the compressor to the aftercooler or air net is free to expand under
heat and that it is not in contact with or close to flammable materials.
8. No external force may be exerted on the air outlet valve; the connected pipe must be free of strain.
9. If remote control is installed, the machine must bear a clear sign stating:
DANGER: This machine is remotely controlled and may start without warning.
10. The machines must be installed in such a way that an adequate flow of cooling air is available and that the
exhausted air does not recirculate to the compressor air inlet or cooling air inlet.
11. The electrical connections must correspond to the local codes. The machines must be earthed and
protected against short circuits by fuses in all phases. A lockable power isolating switch must be installed
near the compressor.
12. On machines with automatic start-stop system or if the automatic restart function after voltage failure is
activated, a sign stating "This machine may start without warning" must be affixed near the instrument
panel.
13. In multiple compressor systems, manual valves must be installed to isolate each compressor. Non-return
valves (check valves) must not be relied upon for isolating pressure systems.
14. Never remove or tamper with the safety devices, guards or insulation fitted on the machine. Every pressure
vessel or auxiliary installed outside the machine to contain air above atmospheric pressure must be
protected by a pressure-relieving device or devices as required.
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15. Pipework or other parts with a temperature in excess of 80˚C (176˚F) and which may be accidentally
touched by personnel in normal operation must be guarded or insulated. Other high-temperature pipework
must be clearly marked.
16. If the ground is not level or can be subject to variable inclination, consult the Atlas Copco Customer Centre.
1. Use only the correct type and size of hose end fittings and connections. When blowing through a hose or
air line, ensure that the open end is held securely. A free end will whip and may cause injury. Make sure
that a hose is fully depressurized before disconnecting it.
2. Persons switching on remotely controlled machines shall take adequate precautions to ensure that there is
no one checking or working on the machine. To this end, a suitable notice shall be affixed to the remote
start equipment.
3. Never operate the machine when there is a possibility of taking in flammable or toxic fumes, vapours or
particles.
4. Never operate the machine below or in excess of its limit ratings.
5. Keep all bodywork doors shut during operation. The doors may be opened for short periods only, e.g. to
carry out routine checks. Wear ear protectors when opening a door.
6. People staying in environments or rooms where the sound pressure level reaches or exceeds 90 dB(A)
shall wear ear protectors.
7. Periodically check that:
• All guards are in place and securely fastened
• All hoses and/or pipes inside the machine are in good condition, secure and not rubbing
• There are no leaks
• All fasteners are tight
• All electrical leads are secure and in good order
• Safety valves and other pressure-relief devices are not obstructed by dirt or paint
• Air outlet valve and air net, i.e. pipes, couplings, manifolds, valves, hoses, etc. are in good repair,
free of wear or abuse
8. If warm cooling air from compressors is used in air heating systems, e.g. to warm up a workroom, take
precautions against air pollution and possible contamination of the breathing air.
9. Do not remove any of, or tamper with, the sound-damping material.
10. Never remove or tamper with the safety devices, guards or insulations fitted on the machine. Every
pressure vessel or auxiliary installed outside the machine to contain air above atmospheric pressure shall
be protected by a pressure-relieving device or devices as required.
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12. Never use a light source with open flame for inspecting the interior of a machine, pressure vessel, etc.
13. Make sure that no tools, loose parts or rags are left in or on the machine.
14. Before clearing the machine for use after maintenance or overhaul, check that operating pressures,
temperatures and time settings are correct. Check that all control and shut-down devices are fitted and that
they function correctly. If removed, check that the coupling guard of the compressor drive shaft has been
reinstalled.
15. Every time the separator element is renewed, examine the discharge pipe and the inside of the oil
separator vessel for carbon deposits; if excessive, the deposits should be removed.
16. Protect the motor, air filter, electrical and regulating components, etc. to prevent moisture from entering
them, e.g. when steam-cleaning.
17. Make sure that all sound-damping material, e.g. on the bodywork and in the air inlet and outlet systems of
the compressor, is in good condition. If damaged, replace it by genuine Atlas Copco material to prevent the
sound pressure level from increasing.
18. Never use caustic solvents which can damage materials of the air net, e.g. polycarbonate bowls.
19. The following safety precautions are stressed when handling refrigerant:
• Never inhale refrigerant vapours. Check that the working area is adequately ventilated; if required,
use breathing protection.
• Always wear special gloves. In case of refrigerant contact with the skin, rinse the skin with water. If
liquid refrigerant contacts the skin through clothing, never tear off or remove the latter; flush
abundantly with fresh water over the clothing until all refrigerant is flushed away; then seek medical
first aid.
20. Protect hands to avoid injury from hot machine parts, e.g. during draining of oil.
Note:
Some precautions are general and may not apply to your machine.
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1 LEADING PARTICULARS
1.1 General description
PLC
Ref. Name
AO Compressed air outlet
PLC PLC regulator cabinet
SVh Safety valve, high pressure
SVl Safety valve, low pressure
WI Cooling water inlet
WO Cooling water outlet
The ZR315 VSD-unit is a water-cooled, two-stage, electric motor driven screw compressor which deliver oil-free,
pulsation-free air. The VSD (Variable Speed Drive) optimise energy consumption and reduce the operating
pressure band by regulating the motor speed.
PLC-regulator
In general, the PLC-regulator has following functions:
- Controlling the motor speed (Variable Speed Drive), reducing the power consumption and pressure band.
- Protecting the compressor
- Monitoring components - service warning
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Flow diagram
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Reference Name
AF Air filter
AO Air outlet
AS Silencer
BV By-pass valve
Ca Aftercooler
Ci Intercooler
Co Oil cooler
CV Check valve
Eh High-pressure compressor element
El Low-pressure compressor element
MTa Moisture trap, aftercooler
MTi Moisture trap, intercooler
OF Oil filter
OP Oil pump
Description
• Air drawn through filter (AF) is compressed in low-pressure compressor element (El).
• The compressed air is discharged to intercooler (Ci).
• The cooled air is further compressed in high-pressure compressor element (Eh) and discharged through
silencer (AS) and aftercooler (Ca). A check valve (CV) is fitted downstream of the silencer.
• The compressed air leaves the compressor via the air outlet (AO).
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Two condensate traps are installed: one downstream of the intercooler to prevent condensate from
entering the compressor element and one downstream of the aftercooler to prevent condensate from
entering the air outlet pipe. The condensate traps are connected to condensate drain receivers (DRi and
DRa respectively).
The condensate traps have an automatic condensate outlet, see section 1.4
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EWD 330
1 Inlet
2 Supply line
3 Pilot valve
4 Diaphragm
5 Sensor
6 Collector
7 Valve seat
8 Outlet
The condensate enters the Electronic Water Drain (EWD) via inlet (1) and accumulates in collector (6). A capacitive
sensor (5) continuously measures the liquid level.
On the EWD 330, pilot valve (3) is activated as soon as the collector is filled up to a certain level. Diaphragm (4)
opens outlet (8), discharging the condensate.
When the collector has been emptied, the outlet closes quickly without wasting compressed air.
When the controller registers a malfunction, the red alarm LED on the control panel of the EWD starts flashing, a
warning appears on the display of the regulator and the electronic drain valve will automatically change to the
alarm mode, opening and closing the valve according to a sequence as shown above. This condition continues
until the fault is remedied. If the fault is not remedied automatically, maintenance is required.
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Briefly press the TEST button and check that the valve opens for condensate discharge
Checking the alarm signal
• Press and hold the test button for at least 1 minute.
• Check that the alarm LED flashes.
• Check that a warning is generated on the display of the regulator.
• Release the test button.
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Flow diagram
Cooling system
The cooling water flows through oil cooler (Co), the cooling jackets of high-pressure compressor element (Eh) and
low-pressure compressor element (El) as well as through intercooler (Ci) and aftercooler (Ca).
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Flow diagram
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Reference Name
AF Air filter
AO Air outlet
AS Silencer
BV By-pass valve
Ca Aftercooler
Ci Intercooler
Co Oil cooler
CV Check valve
Eh High-pressure compressor element
El Low-pressure compressor element
MTa Moisture trap, aftercooler
MTi Moisture trap, intercooler
OF Oil filter
OP Oil pump
Description
Oil is circulated by pump (OP) from the sump of the gear casing through cooler (Co). The oil passes through oil
filters (OF) towards the bearings and timing gears. Valve (BV) opens if the oil pressure should rise above a given
value.
1 Electric cabinet
2 Frequency converter cabinet
3 PLC
Kxx Interface relais
1Xx Terminal strip
K2 Contactor
Q1 Circuit breaker
Fx Circuit breaker
S10 Service switch main drive
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2 PLC-Regulator
In general, the PLC-regulator has following functions:
- Controlling the motor speed (Variable Speed Drive), reducing the power consumption and pressure band.
- Protecting the compressor
- Monitoring components - service warning
Figure 4 Mainscreen
Unloading
If the motor is running at minimum speed and the net pressure rises to a value equal to the sum of the programmed
pressure setpoint and the programmed unload offset, the load/no-load valve will close in order to unload the
compressor.
If the compressor continues to run unloaded without interruption for 150 seconds, the regulator will stop the motor.
The regulator will restart the compressor when the net pressure drops below the pressure setpoint.
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When the net pressure drops below the pressure setpoint within this period of 150 seconds, the load/no-load valve
will fully open and the motor speed will increase to match the air delivery to the air consumption.
Ref. Designation
(1) Pressure
(2) Direct stop offset
(3) Set-point
(4) Motor speed
(5) Minimum
(6) Time
(7) Load
(8) Unload
(9) Stop
(10) Unload offset
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Direct stopping
In case the net pressure should rise to a value equal to the sum of the programmed pressure setpoint and the
programmed direct stop offset, the compressor will be unloaded and stopped.
The regulator will restart the compressor when the net pressure drops below the pressure setpoint.
A control panel is provided allowing the operator to communicate with the PLC. The mainscreen is equipped with a
touch screen.
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Button to start the compressor. The status window on top of the control
3 Start display will indicating that the regulator is operative (Automatic
operation/Compressor loaded).
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Warning: Before starting any maintenance or repairs, press the stop button, wait until the compressor has
stopped, press the red emergency stop button and open the isolating switch (customer's
installation) to switch off the voltage to the compressor.
Close the air outlet valve and depressurize the air system.
Function
The Status window gives information regarding the operation status of the compressor.
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Possible messages:
Warning: Before starting any maintenance or repairs, press the stop button, wait until the compressor has
stopped, press the red emergency stop button and open the isolating switch (customer's
installation) to switch off the voltage to the compressor.
Close the air outlet valve and depressurize the air system.
Function
The Status area window gives information regarding the status of the compressor protection functions
(shutdown, shutdown warning and service warning).
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Ack Time in Time Last Node Value Alarm Extension Field 1 Alarm Extension Field 2
The shutdown setting can be found by clicking on the sensor indication on the Mainscreen.
Shutdown reset
• Switch off the voltage and remedy the trouble. After remedying and when the shutdown condition has
disappeared, switch on the voltage and press the “Reset” button.
• The message will blink on the screen. To stop the blinking, press on the area under “Ack” of
acknowledgment.
• To delete the message in the status area press again on the area under “Ack”.
• Press the start button to restart the compressor.
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Ack Time in Time Last Node Value Alarm Extension Field 1 Alarm Extension Field 2
• The message will blink on the screen. To stop the blinking press on the area under ‘Ack’ of
acknowledgment.
• If necessary, stop the compressor by means of stop button and wait until it has stopped.
• Switch off the voltage, inspect and remedy.
• The warning message will “not” disappear automatically as soon as the warning condition disappears.
• Pressing ‘Reset’ is necessary, to report the PLC of the remedy.
• To delete the message in the status area, press again on the area under ‘Ack’.
Figure 10 Mainscreen
The information regarding the actually measured data is displayed on the mainscreen at the sensor
indication.
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By touching the ‘English’ or ‘Venezuelan flag’ button at the top left corner of the mainscreen, the display
language can be changed from English into Spanish.
Control panel 2
To check the pressure setpoint, touch the ‘Pressure Setpoint’ button in the 2nd control panel at the right
corner on the bottom of the mainscreen.
There are two setpoints programmed. The operator can if desired select the 1st or second programmed
setpoint, by pressing the “Main” and ‘Standby’ button in the 1st control panel.
The 1st setpoint is programmed as ‘Pressure setting main’, the second as ‘Pressure setting standby’.
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By touching the keyboard button at the right top corner of the mainscreen, a keyboard window will be
displayed, so it’s possible to adapt i.e. the setpoint settings.
The Atlas Copco service engineer will use the login button on the control panel 2 (See Figure 16)
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Shutdown, shutdown warning, delay’s levels and parameters are grouped together in a Service screen
window that can be viewed by pressing the service button of the 2nde control panel.
When a power-failure of the screen occurs, the PLC is still controlling the compressor. The control panel is
due to inaccessibility of the touch screen unavailable. The only way to stop the compressor is by pressing
the emergency stop button. (see Figure 6)
Consult your Atlas Copco Customer Centre for service actions. (see also section Maintenance)
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3 Installation
3.1 Dimension drawing
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Installation proposal
Description
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1. Install the compressor on a level floor suitable for taking its weight. The recommended minimum
distance between the top of the body and the ceiling is 1200 mm (47 in).
2. Remove the plastic plug (if provided) from the compressor air outlet pipe and install an air outlet
valve. Close the valve and connect it to the air net.
3. The pressure drop over the air outlet pipe can be calculated as follows:
Symbol Explanation
d Inner diameter of the outlet pipe in mm
dp Pressure drop (recommended maximum = 0.1 bar)
L Length of outlet pipe in m
p Absolute pressure at the compressor outlet in bar(a)
Qc Free air delivery of the compressor in l/s
It is strongly recommended to make the connection of the compressor air outlet pipe on top of the
main air net pipe in order to minimise carry-over of possible condensate residue.
As a rule of thumb, the following formula can be used to calculate the recommended volume of the
air net:
V = (30 x C x p x Q) / dp
Symbol Explanation
C Correction factor
Pressure difference between unloading and loading pressures in bar
dp (recommended minimum = 0.6)
p Compressor inlet pressure in bar absolute
Q Free air delivery of compressor in l/s
V Recommended air net volume in l
4. The inlet grids and ventilation fan should be installed in such a way that any recirculation of cooling
air to the compressor is avoided. The maximum air velocity through the grids is 5 m/s (16.5 ft/s).
The required ventilation capacity (per compressor installed) to limit the compressor room
temperature can be calculated as follows:
Qv = 0.1 N/dT
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Symbol Explanation
dT Temperature increase in compressor room in ˚C
N Shaft input of compressor in kW
Qv Required ventilation capacity in m3/s
5. Lay out the drain piping from the condensate outlets towards the condensate collector. The drain
pipes must not dip into the water in the collector. It is recommended to provide a funnel to allow
visual inspection of the condensate flow.
6. See “Electric cable size” for the recommended size of the supply cables.
7. Check that the electrical connections meet local codes. The installation must be earthed and
protected against short circuits by fuses in all phases. An isolating switch must be installed near the
compressor.
8. Install a condensate drain valve in the lower part of the air net piping.
9. Remove the plastic plugs (if fitted) from the compressor water pipes (WI and WO) and connect the
pipes to the cooling water circuit. Fit a valve in the compressor water inlet pipe and outlet pipe.
Network type TT
In the case of TT-systems, safety regulations mostly stipulate the use of an earth leakage circuit
breaker (e.l.c.b). In combination with frequency converters, type B residual current-operated
protective devices should be used. Atlas Copco advises customers to install the following earth
leakage detection device: BENDER RCMA 470LY with external current transformer:
http://www.bender.org/prod.html
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The TN power distribution system provides a direct earth to the exposed conductive parts of the
installation. The connection is made through the PEN-conductor. Within the TN power distribution
system, there are three sub-types: TN-S, TN-C and TN-C-S, identified according to neutral and
protective earth conductors. Nearly 85 % to 90 % of industrial networks are TN type.
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Local regulations remain applicable if they are stricter than the values
proposed.
This size is valid for 90°C multicore cable
Voltage
440 V - 60 Hz 4x (3 x 95+ 50) mm2
No general recommendation can encompass the effects of all combinations of the various
compounds, solids and gases typically found in cooling water in interaction with different materials.
Type of system
First, it is important to consider whether you are dealing with a closed system or an open system. In
a closed system, the same cooling water circulates through a system without contact with air.
An open system is a pass-through system, or a circulating system with a cooling tower. In the latter
case, the composition of the water that enters the cooler must be considered, and not the
composition of the make-up water. Due to the evaporative effect in the cooling tower, much higher
concentrations of ions can be obtained in the circulating water than in the make-up water.
The saturation pH value is determined by the relationship between the calcium hardness, the total
alkalinity, the total solids concentration and the temperature.
The Ryznar Index is calculated as follows:
RSI = 2*pHs – pH
Symbol Explanation
pH Measured pH (at room temperature) of water sample
pHs pH at saturation
pHs = (9.3 + A + B) - (C + D)
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Symbol Explanation
A Depends on the total solids concentration (mg/l)
C Depends on the calcium hardness (ppm CaCO3)
D Depends on the HCO3 - concentration or M-alkalinity (mval/l)
Total
dissolved Temperature Ca-hardness M-alkalinity
solids (mg/l) A (˚C) B (ppm CaCO3) C (mval/l) D
50 - 300 0.1 0-1 2.6 10 - 11 0.6 0.20 - 0.22 1.0
400-1000 0.2 2-6 2.5 12 - 13 0.7 0.24 - 0.26 1.1
7-9 2.4 14 - 17 0.8 0.28 - 0.34 1.2
10 - 13 2.3 18 - 22 0.9 0.36 - 0.44 1.3
14 - 17 2.2 23 - 27 1.0 0.46 - 0.54 1.4
18 - 21 2.1 28 - 34 1.1 0.56 - 0.70 1.5
22 - 27 2.0 35 - 43 1.2 0.72 - 0.88 1.6
28 - 31 1.9 44 - 55 1.3 0.90 - 1.10 1.7
32 - 37 1.8 56 - 69 1.4 1.12 - 1.38 1.8
38 - 44 1.7 70 - 87 1.5 1.40 - 1.76 1.9
45 - 50 1.6 88 - 110 1.6 1.78 - 2.20 2.0
51 - 56 1.5 111 - 138 1.7 2.22 - 2.78 2.1
57 - 63 1.4 138 - 174 1.8 2.80 - 3.54 2.2
64 - 71 1.3 175 - 220 1.9 3.54 - 4.40 2.3
72 - 80 1.2 230 - 270 2.0 4.6 - 5.4 2.4
280 - 340 2.1 5.6 - 7.0 2.5
350 - 430 2.2 7.2 - 8.8 2.6
440 - 550 2.3 9.0 - 11.0 2.7
560 - 690 2.4 11.2 - 13.8 2.8
700 - 870 2.5 14.0 - 17.6 2.9
880 - 1000 2.6 17.8 - 20.0 3.0
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The table indicates that distilled or demineralised water should never be used, as their RSI is > 11.
The RSI only indicates the equilibrium of scaling - descaling. A cooling water showing good RSI
conditions can still be unsuitable due to other factors.
From the table above, the RSI index should be between 5.6 and 7.5; otherwise, contact a specialist.
pH
The effect of pH is already calculated in the Ryznar index, but the pH itself has some additional
limitations : 6.8 < pH < 8.5
Chlorides (Cl-)
Chloride ions will create pitting corrosion on stainless steel. Their concentration should be limited:
Closed cooling system : chlorides < 500 ppm
Open cooling system : chlorides < 150 ppm
However, if the water is scaling, lower limits should be used. (See The Ryznar stability index (RSI)).
Carbonate hardness
Closed cooling system : 50-1000 ppm CaCO3
Open cooling system : 50-500 ppm CaCO3
HCO3 - / SO4 2- should be > 1
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Ammonia
< 0.5 ppm
Copper
< 1 ppm
Organics
No algae
No oil
Suspended solids
Non-soluble particles, size < 1 mm.
< 10 ppm
3.9 Pictographs
8 Cooling water inlet
9 Cooling water outlet
10 Switch off the voltage and depressurize the
compressor before maintenance or repair
11 Before connecting the compressor
electrically, consult the Instruction book for
the motor rotation direction
12 Read Instruction book before starting the
compressor
13 Torques for steel (Fe) or brass (CuZn) bolts
14 Consult the Instruction book before greasing
15 Switch off the voltage before removing the
protecting cover inside the electric cabinet
16 Oil the gaskets, screw on the filters and
tighten by hand (approx. one half turn)
17 Consult the Instruction book before
maintenance or repair
18 Automatic condensate outlet, intercooler
19 Automatic condensate outlet, aftercooler
20 Warning: under tension
Safety icons
Warning
Important note
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4 Operating instructions
4.1 Operation introduction
Warning
Ambient conditions
Consult “Limits” for the limits with regard to the ambient conditions and altitude operation.
Moving/lifting
In order not to damage the frame, the compressor must be moved either by a lift truck or by using lifting
equipment as described below.
When moving the compressor with a lift truck, use the slots in the frame. Make sure that the forks protrude
from the other side of the frame. When moving the compressor with a lifting device, insert beams in the slots.
Make sure that the beams cannot slide and that they protrude from the frame equally. The chains must be
held parallel to the bodywork by chain spreaders in order not to damage the compressor. The lifting
equipment must be placed in such a way that the compressor is lifted perpendicularly. Lift gently and avoid
twisting.
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The compressor and motor are secured to the frame immobilising the vibration dampers during transport.
The transport protection devices are painted red and must be removed:
Step Action
On the motor side, remove bolts (1) and spacers (2). Fit the shorter bolts, which
are attached to the motor support in a plastic bag, to tighten the vibration
1 dampers securely to the motor support.
2 Remove support (1) on the gear casing side.
3 Remove supports (1) on the cooler block.
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Step Action
Fit the water drain plugs (DP2 up to DP6) that are attached to the water pipe of
one of the compressor elements (El and Eh) in a plastic bag. The plugs are
1 painted green and their positions are shown on the illustrations above.
Check that the cooling water drain valves (customer's installation) in the inlet
and outlet lines are closed. Open the water inlet valve and outlet valve
2 (customer's installation) and check for water flow.
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Electric cabinet
Step Action
Check that the electrical connections correspond to the local codes. The
installation must be earthed and protected by fuses in all phases. An isolating
1 switch must be fitted.
2 Check the connection of transformers (T1).
3 Check the setting of the circuit breaker (Q1).
See Figure 3 Electric cabinet
First start-up
Step Action
1 Check that the gear casing is filled with oil.
2 Switch on the voltage.
Start the compressor and stop it immediately. Check for correct direction of
rotation while the motor is coasting to a stop. The correct rotation direction is
indicated by an arrow on the gear casing. Consult Atlas Copco if the rotation
3 direction is wrong.
Run the compressor for a few minutes and check that it operates normally. Fill in
4 the commissioning report.
Stop the compressor. If necessary, top up the gear casing with oil to the middle
5 of the sight-glass (SG).
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Procedure
Step Action
Check the oil level, after stopping the level must be in the middle of sight-glass
(SG) or in the upper field of the green range. At longer standstill, the oil level
1 may increase. Top up, if necessary, with the correct type of oil.
Open the water inlet valve and outlet valve (customer's installation). Opening of
the water outlet valve can be overlooked if, after previous operation, the setting
2 of this valve has not been disturbed.
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4.4 Starting
Warning
When the compressor is stopped and the Status Window on top of the control
display indicates the information ‘Automatic operation/compressor loaded’ (see
Figure 26), the compressor may start automatically.
If the start/stop timer is active, the compressor may start automatically, even if it
was stopped manually.
Procedure
Step Action
1 Open the air outlet valve (customer's installation).
2 Switch on the voltage
Press start button (see Figure 27). The status window on top of the control display indicates
3 that the regulator is operative (automatic operation/Compressor loaded)
Regulate the water flow with the compressor running loaded at maximum speed. For the
4 cooling water temperature and cooling water consumption, see section: “Compressor data”
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Step Action
Daily check the Mainscreen / Status area window (see Figure 4 and Figure 8 )
for readings and messages. Normally, the main screen is shown, indicating the
1 compressor outlet pressure, the motor speed, the status of the compressor etc.
Always check the status area window and remedy the trouble if alarm is alight or
2 flashing,
4 Regularly check the Status area window
4.6 Stopping
Procedure
Step Action
1 Press stop button (see Figure 27) the compressor will stop
2 Close the air outlet valve.
To stop the compressor immediately in case of emergency, press emergency
3 stop button (S2) (see Figure 6)
4 Close the cooling water inlet valve.
Attention
If the compressor is installed in a room where freezing temperatures are
expected, drain the cooling system completely:
• By opening the main drain valves in the water inlet and outlet pipes
(customer's installation).
• By removing drain plugs (DP2 up to DP6). See “Initial start-up” for the
position of the plugs.
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5 Maintenance
5.1 Maintenance warnings
• Before starting any maintenance or repairs, stop the compressor.
• Depressurise the air system as follows:
Close the air outlet valve.
Press the test buttons on top of the electronic water drains.
• Open the isolating switch (customer's installation) to switch off the voltage
to the compressor.
• Repairs inside the start and speed regulation cabinet may only be carried
out by Atlas Copco.
• Wait at least 6 minutes before starting any electrical repairs as hazardous
high voltage remains on the condensers of the start and speed regulation
unit for 6 minutes after the voltage is switched off.
• Apply all relevant “Safety precautions”.
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General
Safety precautions
Stop the compressor and switch off the voltage.
The operator must apply all related safety precautions.
The data below are valid for an air intake temperature of maximum 40 °C
Consult your Atlas Copco Customer Centre for higher intake temperatures.
Reset the regreasing service warning after regreasing.
Also check the motor data plate.
DRIVE MOTOR
Make ABB
Type M3BP 315LK-4
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Procedure
The filters must be serviced regularly; consult section “Preventive maintenance
schedule”.
Never install damaged or clogged filters.
Step Action
1 Stop the compressor and press the emergency stop button.
2 Switch off the voltage.
3 Remove nuts (1).
4 Loosen clamps (2).
5 Take out filter housing (3) with filter element (4).
6 Replace the dirty filter element with a new one.
7 Put the filter housing with the filter element back into place.
8 Tighten clamps (2) and nuts (1).
9 Switch on the voltage.
10 Unlock the emergency stop button and reset the air filter service warning.
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Procedure
Step Action
1 Run the compressor until warm.
Stop the compressor.
2 Press the emergency stop button.
3 Switch off the voltage.
The filler plug and drain points are painted yellow.
Remove filler plug (FC). Drain the compressor sump by opening drain valve
(Dmo).
Drain the oil cooler by opening drain valve (Dmc).
4 Close the drain valves.
Remove the oil filters (OF). Clean the filter seats, oil the gaskets on the new
filters and screw the filters into place until the gaskets contact the seats. Then
5 tighten by hand.
Fill the compressor sump to the middle of the oil level sight-glass (SG).
6 See “Oil specifications” for the correct type of oil.
7 Reinstall the filler plug.
Switch on the voltage.
Unlock the emergency stop button and reset the oil and oil filter service
8 warnings.
9 Run the compressor for a few minutes.
10 Stop the compressor.
Check the oil level. After stopping, the level must be in the middle of sight-glass
(SG). After a longer standstill, the level may rise.
11 Top up, if necessary.
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7 Problem solving
7.1 Faults and remedies
Warnings
• Before starting any maintenance or repairs, stop the compressor, wait
until the compressor has stopped and open the isolating switch
(customer's installation) to switch off the voltage to the compressor.
• Repairs inside the start and speed regulation cabinet may only be
carried out by Atlas Copco.
• Wait at least 6 minutes before starting any electrical repairs as
hazardous high voltage remains on the condensers of the start and
speed regulation unit for 6 minutes after the voltage is switched off.
• Close the air outlet valve.
• Press the test buttons on top of the Electronic Water Drains to
depressurise the air system.
• Apply all relevant “Safety precautions”.
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8 Technical data
8.1 Readings on display
Common readings
Unit
Dp of air filter, approx. bar 0.015
Cooling water inlet temperature ˚C < 40
Cooling water outlet temperature ˚C < 50
Main fuses
(customer's installation)
Voltage supply gL/gG
440 V - 60 Hz 2x (3x 315 A)
Main fuses
8.5 Limitations
Maximum air inlet temperature 40 ˚C
Minimum ambient temperature 0 ˚C
Maximum cooling water temperature at inlet 40 ˚C
Maximum cooling water temperature at outlet 50 ˚C
Maximum cooling water inlet pressure 10 bar(e)
Maximum relative humidity of ambient air 95 %
Maximum altitude operation 1000 m
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Temp. HP Inlet 26 °C
Temp. HP Outlet 183 °C
Air discharge temperature 26 °C
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MOTOR
The installed motor meets the following specifications:
• ABB type M3BP 315 LK-4
• Shaft power: 296 kW
• Service factor: 1.1
• Voltage (± 10.0 %): 400 V
• Frequency: 100 Hz
• Drive speed: 3000 rpm
• Max. cooling air temperature: 40 °C
• Connection of windings: DELTA
• Insulation class: F
• Enclosure: IP55
• Construction form: B5 + SUPPORT
• Full load efficiency: 94.7 %
• Nominal current: 595 Amp.
• Nominal torque: 942 Nm
• Weight: 1600 Kg
• Max. Altitude: 1000 masl
Note: CSA certified, NEMA name plate, VSD for ABB converter
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ELECTRICS
• Atlas Copco frequency converter, 460 V - 60 Hz
• PLC:
- Make: Siemens
- Type: Simatic S7
- Voltage: 220 V
- Frequency: 60 Hz
• Solenoid valve 220 V - 60 Hz
Auxiliary equipment / provisions:
• Adapted cubicle: installation of Siemens PLC etc.
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TEMPERATURE HP OUT
OIL PRESSURE
OIL TEMPERATURE
SENSOR ERROR
MOTOR WINDING TEMPERATURE
• Shut down messages for:
TEMPERATURE LP OUT
TEMPERATURE HP IN
TEMPERATURE HP OUT
OIL PRESSURE
OIL TEMPERATURE
SENSOR ERROR
MOTOR WINDING TEMPERATURE
VSD FAILURE
• Reading of all warning and tripping levels
- Pressure circuits:
Pressure transmitters are installed in the instrument panel of the compressor and fed by a
common 24 VDC supply unit installed inside the electrical panel. The transmitter outputs (4-20
mA) are used as input in analogue input cards of the PLC. Outputs of the PLC are used for
display of actual pressures on display unit Siemens IL77, for load / unload the compressor and for
warning- and tripping levels.
Make of transmitters: Rosemount 3051
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• Digital inputs:
- Emergency stop push button
• Digital outputs
- Auxiliary relay for general warning
- Auxiliary relay for general shutdown
- Loading solenoid valve
- Auxiliary relay for motor run
- Auxiliary relay for Forced drain
8.9.5.Interfaces to Customer
Remarks:
1. Interconnection cables between compressor and DCS are not in Atlas Copco scope of supply.
2. A removable undrilled gland plate is foreseen in the panel, accessible from the outside, for purchaser's
connections.
3. Communication processors are not parameterized. Data are gathered in one common data block,
accessible for Customer use.
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