GP 06-36 - Monitoring Inspection and Maintenance of Cathodi

Group Practice
GP 06-36
Monitoring, Inspection, and Maintenance of

Cathodic Protection (CP) Systems
Copyright © 2014 BP International Ltd. All rights reserved.

This document and any data or information generated from its use are classified, as a
minimum, BP Internal. Distribution is intended for BP authorised recipients only. The
information contained in this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the
agreement or contract under which this document was supplied to the recipient's organisation.
None of the information contained in this document shall be disclosed outside the recipient's
own organisation, unless the terms of such agreement or contract expressly allow, or unless
disclosure is required by law.
26 January 2014
Engineering Technical Practice
Engineering
Monitoring, Inspection, and Maintenance of Cathodic Protection (CP) Systems
Table of Contents
Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references............................................................................................................. 7
3 Terms and definitions............................................................................................................. 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 9
5 General................................................................................................................................ 10
6 Safety .................................................................................................................................. 10
6.1 General..................................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Equipment................................................................................................................. 10
6.3 Personnel ................................................................................................................. 11
7 Frequency of monitoring and surveys .................................................................................. 12
7.1 General..................................................................................................................... 12
7.2 Hazard identification and mitigation .......................................................................... 12
7.3 Monitoring requirements and frequencies ................................................................. 12
7.4 Risk assessment to evaluate frequency of comprehensive cathodic protection (CP)
surveys (potential, coating, or current attenuation).................................................... 15
8 Monitoring............................................................................................................................ 16
8.1 General..................................................................................................................... 16
8.2 Structure to electrolyte potentials .............................................................................. 16
8.3 Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) rectifiers and power sources (e.g.,
generators, solar cells, thermoelectric generators).................................................... 17
8.4 Connections between facilities .................................................................................. 18
8.5 Electrical isolation devices (isolating flanges, insulating joints), surge protection, and
earthing (grounding) connections.............................................................................. 19
9 Surveys................................................................................................................................ 19
9.1 General..................................................................................................................... 19
9.2 Onshore surveys....................................................................................................... 20
9.3 Offshore surveys....................................................................................................... 22
10 Interpretation of data............................................................................................................ 24
11 Mitigation ............................................................................................................................. 25
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 28
List of Tables
Table 1 - Cathodic protection (CP) Engineering Technical Practices (ETPs)................................... 5

Table 2 - Effects of electrical currents on the human body ............................................................ 11
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26 January 2014
Table 3 - Onshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies ............................................. 14

Table 4 - Offshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies ............................................. 14
Table 5 - Internal surfaces cathodic protection (CP) monitoring requirements and frequencies..... 15
Table 6 - Survey techniques required according to structure condition.......................................... 20
Table 7 - Survey techniques required according to location .......................................................... 22
Table 8 - Mitigation requirements and frequencies........................................................................ 26
Page 3 of 30 GP 06-36
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Foreword
This is a revised issue of Engineering Technical Practice (ETP) GP 06-36. This Group Practice (GP)
incorporates changes resulting from a reorganisation of the cathodic protection (CP) ETPs from asset
types to topics.
Due to extensive changes, revisions are not identified by a bar in the left margin, as is normal practice.
Page 4 of 30 GP 06-36
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Introduction
CP for facilities is a key component of integrity management. Corrosion protection of metallic

structures onshore and offshore, buried and submerged, needs to be supplemented with CP. This GP
explains the importance of CP monitoring, inspection, and maintenance and provides requirements on
how CP is to be applied.
This GP provides requirements for cathodic protection systems for all pipelines, equipment, and
structures to meet the principles in OMS.
This GP falls within the corrosion series of ETPs and is one of the documents related to CP. These
ETPs provide detailed information on all aspects of CP design. CP ETP structure is separated into four
distinct topics by application and is not based on asset type. The four topics and associated
information are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 - Cathodic protection (CP) Engineering Technical Practices (ETPs)
Topic Topic description ETP ETP title

What What are the basics of CP and GP 06-31 Cathodic Protection (CP) for
how to design/apply CP for a Onshore and Offshore Facilities,
structure. Assets, Plants and Floating
Structures.
When When to perform CP monitoring GP 06-36 Monitoring, Inspection, and
and maintenance activities, Maintenance of Cathodic
intervals, and requirements. Protection (CP) Systems.
How How to perform CP surveys and ETP to be
guidance on data interpretation. completed in 2014
Materials Which materials to use for CP GIS 06-311 Cathodic Protection -
systems. Procurement.
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1 Scope
a. This GP provides requirements and recommendations for monitoring, inspection, and

maintenance schedules of CP systems for metallic infrastructure in hydrocarbon
production, transportation, and processing equipment (referred to as structure in this GP)
for offshore and onshore, including the following:
1. Offshore
a) Fixed and floating production facilities.
b) Internal and external storage tanks for product, water, and drilling fluid.
c) Subsea systems (e.g., wellheads, risers, mooring systems, flowlines, and
pipelines).
d) Firewater and seawater pump caissons.
e) Coastal and marine terminals (e.g., wharfs, jetties, mooring, and breasting
dolphins).
2. Onshore
a) Aboveground and belowground storage tanks and vessels.
b) Gathering and transmission pipelines.
c) Buried process and utility pipelines.
d) Well casings.
e) Shell and tube heat exchangers using cooling water.
f) Buried and immersed fixed structures.
b. This GP also covers external and internal corrosion in an electrolyte (i.e., an aqueous or
soil environment) of the following:
1. Critical communications equipment (i.e. communications towers).
2. Critical electrical equipment (electrical ground grids and conduits).
 Note: Critical communication and electrical equipment are determined
by if a failure of the metallic structure supporting these processes
occurs disrupting the production, transportation or processing of
hydrocarbons due to external corrosion.
c. This GP applies to the maintenance and monitoring of cathodic protection systems on the
following materials:
1. Carbon steel.
2. Stainless steel.
3. Copper.
4. Aluminium.
5. High strength steels (martensitic and corrosion resistant alloys [CRA]).
d. The intent of cathodic protection is to prevent loss of containment, structural failure, or
unintended release of stored energy.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referenced in one or more requirements in this document. For dated
references, only the version cited applies. For undated references, the latest version of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
BP
GP 06-31 Cathodic Protection (CP) for Onshore and Offshore Facilities, Assets,
Plants, and Floating Structures.
American Petroleum Institute (API)

API RP 1632 Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping
Systems.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this GP the following terms and definitions apply:
Anode
Electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs.
Bond
Intentional metallic connection between metallic systems in contact with a common electrolyte design
to control electrical current interchange between systems.
Buried structure
Metallic structure laid beneath or built on ground level and then covered with earth.
Calcareous deposit
Layer consisting of calcium carbonate and other salts deposited on surface. If surface is cathodically
polarised, such as in CP, this layer is the result of increased pH adjacent to protected surface.
Cathodic protection (CP)

Technique to reduce corrosion rate of a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an
electrochemical cell.
Cell
Electrochemical system consisting of an anode and a cathode in metallic contact and immersed in an
electrolyte. Anode and cathode can be different metals or dissimilar areas on same metal surface.
Coating defect (holiday)

Discontinuity in a protective coating that exposes unprotected surface to the environment.
Company responsible engineer

Company engineer responsible for the requirements of the item.
Coupon
Representative metal sample used to quantify the extent of corrosion or the effectiveness of applied
cathodic protection.
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Critical bond
Interference bond between two structures that would jeopardise protection of one or both structures if
the bond fails.
Earthing (grounding)
System of electrical connections to general mass of earth. Effectiveness of an earth (ground) electrode
is primarily determined by the resistance the system provides between the earthing (grounding) system
and the general mass of earth.
Electrical isolation
Condition of being electrically separated from other metallic structures or environment.
Electrolyte
Chemical substance containing ions that migrate in an electric field (i.e., soil or liquid adjacent to the
structure).
Galvanic anode (sacrificial anode)

Metal that provides sacrificial protection to another metal that is more noble if electrically coupled in
an electrolyte.
Instant off potential

Structure to electrolyte potential measured immediately after synchronous interruption of all sources
of applied CP current, which closely approximates potential without inductive resistance (IR) drop
(polarised potential) if the current was on.
Interference
Electrical disturbance on a metallic structure as a result of stray current.
Isolating joint (IJ)

Electrically discontinuous connection between two lengths of pipe inserted to provide electrical
discontinuity between the two pipes (e.g., monolithic IJ, isolated flange).
Natural potential (native potential)

Structure to electrolyte potential measured with no cathodic protection applied.
On potential
Structure to electrolyte potential measured with cathodic protection current flowing.
pH
Measurement expressing the acidity or alkalinity of an electrolyte or solution on a scale of 0 to 14.
Less than 7 represents acidity, 7 represents neutrality, and greater than 7 represents alkalinity.
Polarisation
Change from open circuit potential as a result of current across the electrode or electrolyte interface.
Protected structure
Structure to which CP is effectively applied.
Silver/silver chloride reference electrode (Ag/AgCl)

Reference electrode consisting of silver, coated with silver chloride, in an electrolyte that contains a
fixed concentration of chloride ions.
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Structure to electrolyte potential

Potential difference between the surface of a buried or submerged metallic structure and the
electrolyte. Measured with reference to an electrode in contact with the electrolyte.
Transformer rectifier
Device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). DC voltage is used as the power
source for impressed current cathodic protection systems.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purpose of this GP, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating current.
ACCA Alternating current attenuation.
ACVG Alternating current voltage gradient.
Ag/AgCl Silver/silver chloride.
AST Aboveground storage tank.
CIPS Close interval potential survey.
CP Cathodic protection.
CRA Corrosion resistant alloy.
CSE Concept safety evaluation.
DC Direct current.
DCVG Direct current voltage gradient.
EM Electromagnetic.
GPS Global positioning system.
HSSE Health, safety, security, and environmental.
ICCP Impressed current cathodic protection.
IJ Isolating joint.
IR Inductive resistance.
IM Integrity management.
LOPC Loss of primary containment.
ROV Remotely operated vehicle.
TR Transformer rectifier.
TSA Thermally sprayed aluminium.
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5 General
a. CP systems shall be regularly monitored, inspected, and maintained to ensure operation in

accordance with design specifications as described in 7. The design specifications in 7 are
the minimum requirements.
b. Monitoring of a CP system shall begin once the asset is installed in the electrolyte.
1. For an offshore system, this is once the asset is submerged.
2. For an onshore system, this is when the asset is buried regardless of whether it is
protected by a galvanic or an impressed current system.
c. The monitoring process shall be initiated and maintained until handover to operations by
the organisation installing the asset to ensure conformance to this GP.
d. If there is a conflict between this GP and a relevant law or regulation, the relevant law or
regulation shall be followed.
e. Requirements in this GP that are more stringent than a relevant law or regulation shall be
followed, provided that these requirements achieve compliance with the law or regulation.
f. CP monitoring, inspection, and maintenance programmes shall be auditable and managed
by the competent person responsible for field staffs that are gathering data and maintaining
the CP systems. The level of experience or knowledge for each classification of
competency is listed in the personnel qualifications clause in GP 06-31.
g. Data shall be collected during either routine or non-routine monitoring and maintenance of
CP systems and entered into the appropriate database. The data shall be readily available
for analysis to determine conformance with appropriate requirements.
h. CP system monitoring shall take into account the potential for disturbances to CP systems
by other maintenance and/or construction activities in the vicinity of the cathodically
protected facilities.
6 Safety
6.1 General
a. Before conducting any CP field activity onsite, all hazards and mitigation actions should
be identified and assessed in accordance with BP HSSE procedures. Recognised hazards
include slips, trips, falls, electrocution, fire or explosion of flammable gas or liquid, and
vehicle accident/collision.
b. A site risk assessment should be completed before start of CP work.
6.2 Equipment
a. The following safety measures and considerations shall be taken into account by either BP
personnel or CP contractors in performing CP monitoring:
1. Always assume that the potential to be measured can be hazardous.
2. Avoid measurements during thunderstorms.
3. Take appropriate safety measures if working near power station transmission lines.
4. Measurements across isolating devices should be considered a potential hazardous
voltage.
5. AC potential of the structure should always be measured first. If an AC potential in
excess of 15 V is measured, the structure should be considered hazardous.
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6. Pipelines paralleling high voltage AC transmission lines can reach hazardous AC

voltage levels.
7. A CP system can ignite a combustible gas or liquid or cause an explosion if:
a) A cathodically protected structure is separated.
b) An isolated structure is connected to a cathodically protected structure.
c) Electrical equipment (e.g., transformer rectifier or bond panel) wiring is
separated.
b. Additional, reasonably practical, safety measures and considerations not listed in this GP
should be taken in accordance with specific tasks.
6.3 Personnel
a. Current flow through the human body can have lethal consequences. Table 2 lists the
effects of different levels of current shocks in the human body.
b. As a minimum, the following actions should be taken by personnel working on CP
monitoring and inspection activities across BP assets:
1. Protective eyewear shall be worn.
2. Protective gloves, shoes, and other clothing shall be worn.
3. Electric hazard protection tools, shoes, and insulating mats shall be used.
4. Lone CP work should be avoided due to risk of electric shocks.
5. Electric sparks shall be avoided.
6. Be aware of shock hazards (state of mind). AC voltage prior to start of work shall be
measured.
7. Handling and storage procedures for chemicals or other hazardous material or
equipment shall be known.
8. BP safety procedures shall be followed.
9. Personnel shall be aware of vehicles.
10. Safety signs shall be used while working on site.
c. Additional, reasonably practical, personnel safety considerations not listed in this GP
should be taken in accordance with specific tasks.
Table 2 - Effects of electrical currents on the human body
Current Effects
1 mA or less No sensation. Not felt.
1 mA to 8 mA Sensation of shock. Not painful. Individual can let go at will. Muscular control not lost.
8 mA to 15 mA Painful shock. Individual can let go at will. Muscular control not lost.
15 mA to 20 mA Painful shock. Muscular control lost. Cannot let go.
20 mA to 50 mA Painful shock. Severe muscular contractions. Breathing difficult.
50 mA to 100 mA Ventricular fibrillation. Death results if prompt cardiac massage not administered.
100 mA to 200 mA Defibrillator shock needs to be applied to restore normal heartbeat. Breathing probably
stopped.
200 mA and over Severe burns. Severe muscular contractions. Chest muscles clamp heart and stop it during
shock. Breathing stopped. Heart can start following shock. Cardiac massage can be
required.
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7 Frequency of monitoring and surveys
7.1 General
a. Each CP system shall be monitored to ensure that the system is operating within the design
parameters and to detect deficiencies that can require further analysis or maintenance.
b. Typical CP devices that shall be inspected to satisfy the monitoring requirements are:
1. ICCP rectifier.
2. CP power source.
3. Critical bond, current drain, diode, or reverse current switch.
4. Permanent structure CP test points.
5. Noncritical bonds.
6. Noncritical current drains.
7. Electrical isolation devices and earthing (grounding) connections.
8. Structures located between permanent test points.
9. Vessels and internal test points on tanks.
10. Fixed or floating structure test points.
c. Local regulations in many countries require CP systems to be monitored and maintained at
defined intervals, with results made available for review. Local regulations shall take
precedent over GP practices if required by local law.
d. Monitoring frequency of CP systems shall be the stricter of 7.3 or local government
regulation.
7.2 Hazard identification and mitigation

a. Corrosion risks related to lack of CP or ineffective CP shall be systematically identified for
BP operated facilities in accordance with the requirements of the IM standard.
Note: Absence of leaks alone shall not be sufficient evidence for

requesting a deviation to determine that CP is not necessary
for a structure or asset.
b. In selecting the method of mitigating CP system deficiencies, factors to be considered

should include:
1. Environmental - Location of the structure or asset and impact to the public and
environment if there is a failure due to lack of CP.
2. Economic - Direct and indirect costs of impact due to the LOPC as a result of the lack
of CP.
7.3 Monitoring requirements and frequencies
7.3.1 Onshore
a. Table 3 specifies:
1. Onshore CP devices that shall be monitored and inspected.
2. Measurements that shall be recorded
3. Frequency of measurements.
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b. Data obtained from monitoring activities in Table 3 shall be stored in a database for
analysis to determine if levels of protection conform to GP 06-31.
c. Database shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
7.3.2 Offshore
1. Offshore CP devices that shall be monitored and inspected.
2. Measurements that should be recorded.
7.3.3 Internal surfaces

1. Internal surface CP items that shall be monitored and inspected.
2. Measurements that shall be recorded.
Page 13 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
Table 3 - Onshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies
Item Measurements Frequency and interval

Impressed current CP Output voltage. Every 60 days not to exceed 90 days.
transformer rectifiers and Output current. Minimum of 6 times per calendar year.
power sources (e.g.,
generators, solar cells, and Shunt voltage.
thermoelectric generators). Output unit setting (taps).
Physical condition observation.
Critical bonds, drain points, Structure to electrolyte potential for Every 60 days not to exceed 90 days.
interference mitigation each structure. Minimum of 6 times per calendar year.
anodes, diodes, and reverse Current magnitude through the bond.
current switches (if any of
these fail, will cause damage Current direction.
to a structure).
CP permanent test points and Structure to electrolyte potential. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
coupons. AC structure to electrolyte potential. 15 months between surveys.
Casing to electrolyte potential (if
applicable).
Noncritical bonds and Structure to electrolyte potential. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
noncritical drain points. Current magnitude through the bond. 15 months between surveys.
Current direction.
Electrical isolation devices Electrical conductivity. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
(isolating flanges and 15 months between surveys.
insulating joints).
Bond and earthing Electrical continuity. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
(grounding) connections. 15 months between surveys.
Structure between CP Close interval structure to electrolyte Maximum of 5 year between surveys.
permanent test points potentials between CP test points. Risk assessment performed during
(pipelines, AST bottoms). Close interval AC structure to survey to determine if shorter survey
electrolyte potentials between CP test intervals are required.
points (if applicable).
Table 4 - Offshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies

transformer rectifiers and Output current. Minimum of 6 times per calendar
power sources (e.g., year.
generators, solar cell, and Shunt voltage.
thermoelectric generators). Output unit setting (taps).
Physical condition.
Critical bonds, drain points, Structure to electrolyte potential for Every 60 days not to exceed 90 days.
interference mitigation each structure. Minimum of 6 times per calendar
anodes, diodes, and Current magnitude through the bond. year..
reverse current switches (if
any of these fail, will cause Current direction.
damage to a structure).
Noncritical bonds and Structure to electrolyte potential for Once per calendar year. Maximum of
noncritical drain points. each structure. 15 months between surveys.
Current magnitude through the bond.
Current direction.
CP permanent test points Structure to electrolyte potential(s). Once per calendar year. Maximum of
and platform drop cell 15 months between surveys.
surveys.
Bond and earthing Electrical continuity. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
(grounding) connections. 15 months between surveys.
Interaction testing. Level of interaction with foreign Once every 2 year.
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26 January 2014
structures.
Electrical isolation devices Electrical conductivity. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
(e.g., isolating flanges, 15 months between surveys.
insulating joints).
Subsea pipeline potential Structure to electrolyte potentials. Maximum of 5 year between surveys.
survey - CP survey. Condition of anodes. Risk assessment performed during
survey to determine if shorter survey
intervals are required.
Subsea equipment potential Structure to electrolyte potentials. Maximum of 5 year between surveys.
readings - CP survey. Condition of anodes. Risk assessment performed during
Floating and fixed Structure to electrolyte potentials. Maximum of 5year between surveys.
structures - CP survey. Condition of anodes. Risk assessment performed during
Table 5 - Internal surfaces cathodic protection (CP) monitoring requirements and frequencies

transformer rectifier. Output current. Minimum of 6 times per calendar
year.
Shunt voltage.
Output unit setting (taps).
Physical condition.
Internal anodes. Condition of anodes. Maximum of 5 year between surveys
if accessible. Risk assessment
performed during survey to determine
if shorter survey intervals are
required.
Internal surface potential Structure to electrolyte potential. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
survey. 15 months between surveys if
accessible.
Isolation, safety, and surge Electrical conductivity. Once per calendar year. Maximum of
protection devices. 15 months between surveys if
accessible .
7.4 Risk assessment to evaluate frequency of comprehensive cathodic protection

(CP) surveys (potential, coating, or current attenuation)
a. Risk assessment to determine frequency of CP surveys shall use design, maintenance,
monitoring, and operational data to evaluate major risks and hazards associated with
structures and equipment that are subject to CP.
b. Risk analysis will set the appropriate interval for CP surveys. Maximum survey interval
shall conform to Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5.
c. Data obtained from routine and non-routine monitoring shall be maintained and stored in
appropriate risk based facilities, pipeline, or structural integrity management database
systems that can be easily appraised for trend analysis.
d. Historical data shall be reviewed by a qualified person as detailed in the personnel
qualifications clause in GP 06-31.
e. Risk of changes to operating parameters should be considered in relation to operating
environment (e.g., where a pipeline is routed through aggressive soils or parallel to other
cathodically protected pipelines, power lines, and electrical transport systems).
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8 Monitoring
8.1 General
a. This clause describes types of measurements and inspections that shall be recorded during
CP monitoring. Minimum requirements and any other information that is discovered
during monitoring should be recorded for consideration during CP system analysis.
b. Measurements listed in 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5 are general descriptions and not a formal
procedure to perform monitoring.
c. If local government regulation requires a specified procedure in performing any of these
tasks, that government procedure shall take precedence over the applicable BP procedure.
8.2 Structure to electrolyte potentials
8.2.1 General
a. Structure to electrolyte potentials are the fundamental CP measurement. These potentials
define whether protection criterion is met.
b. Potential measurements shall be taken using a calibrated voltmeter connected to the
structure and to a calibrated reference electrode.
c. Voltmeter and calibration shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
d. Onshore, potentials shall be taken with either of the following:
1. A portable reference electrode temporarily positioned close to the structure.
2. An electrode permanently installed adjacent to the structure.
e. Offshore, potentials can be taken using any of the following:
1. Portable reference electrodes dipped into the water while suspended from the
structure deck.
2. Permanently installed reference electrodes hardwired back to the main deck.
3. Reference electrodes handheld by divers or mounted on ROVs placed close to the
structure to be measured.
8.2.2 Required measurements (if measurements can be obtained) and inspections

In measuring structure to electrolyte potentials, the following items shall be measured or
inspected to ensure satisfactory operation:
a. On potential. Structure to electrolyte potential while the CP system is continuously
operating.
b. Instant off potential. Structure to electrolyte potential measured immediately after
interruption of applied, impressed CP current.
c. AC on potential. Structure to electrolyte potential recorded while the CP system is
continuously operating.
d. AC instant off potential. Structure to electrolyte potential measured immediately after
e. Casing on potential. Casing to electrolyte potential recorded while the CP system is
continuously operating.
f. Casing instant off potential. Casing to electrolyte potential measured immediately after
g. Physical condition of test point
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26 January 2014
1. Damage or condition that requires a followup action to continue use of the point as a
permanent test point shall be documented.
2. Interiors of test posts and pillars should be kept clean.
3. Cable connections should be kept tight.
4. Cracked or deteriorated cable shall be repaired or replaced.
5. Cracked or deteriorated panel insulation shall be repaired or replaced.
6. Clear cable identification shall be maintained.
8.2.3 Factors that affect structure to electrolyte potential measurements

Numerous environmental factors can reduce the effectiveness of CP and affect structure to
electrolyte measurements, including:
a. Sulphate reducing bacteria that causes pH changes.
b. Coating damage that is greater than expected in the design (increasing the area to be
protected) due to poor coating quality, third party damage, etc.
c. Shielding by nonmetallic foreign structures (e.g., adjacent new concrete constructions).
d. Telluric (earth) currents.
e. Construction of adjacent foreign pipelines.
f. Construction of adjacent electrical power transmission systems.
g. Construction of adjacent electrical transport systems.
h. Electrolyte factors (e.g., poor initial assessment of soil type and moisture levels).
i. Presence of drilling mud and/or metallic debris on seabed adjacent to offshore structures.
j. Pollution from adjacent effluent outfalls, etc.
8.3 Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) rectifiers and power sources (e.g.,
generators, solar cells, thermoelectric generators)
8.3.1 General
a. In an ICCP system, the power source is a critical device. If the power source is not
operating, the CP system is not providing the designed protective barrier.
b. Measurements shall be taken using a calibrated multimeter.
c. Multimeter and calibration shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
d. Current and voltage measurements shall be taken to indicate operational status of the CP
system.
8.3.2 Required measurements and inspections

For TRs and DC power sources, the following items shall be measured and/or inspected to
ensure satisfactory operation:
a. Output voltage DC - by use of internal meter and portable multimeter.
b. Output current - by use of internal meter and portable meter using a shunt.
c. Transformer rectifier tap or DC generator setting.
d. Kilowatt meter reading (if transformer rectifier has own electric meter).
e. Oil level and condition of oil (oil cooled TRs) if not monitored by remote monitoring units.
f. Internal components, cabinet, breather unit and transformer rectifier mounting condition.
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g. Anode cable connections that are accessible.

h. Individual anode current.
8.4 Connections between facilities

Connections between facilities include critical bonds, drain points, interference
mitigation anodes, diodes, reverse current switches, and noncritical bonds.
8.4.1 General
a. The following connections between two or more facilities shall be monitored to determine
any detrimental conditions that could damage one or more of the facilities:
1. Critical bonds.
2. Drain points.
3. Interference mitigation anodes.
4. Diodes.
5. Reverse current switches.
6. Noncritical bonds.
b. Measurements shall be taken using a calibrated multimeter.
c. Multimeter and calibration shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.

If applicable for connection devices, the following items shall be measured and inspected to
ensure satisfactory operation:
a. On potential. Structure to electrolyte potential while the CP system is continuously
operating.
b. Instant off potential. Structure to electrolyte potential measured immediately after
interruption of applied impressed CP current.
c. Foreign structure on potential. Structure to electrolyte potential recorded while the BP CP
system is continuously operating.
d. Foreign structure off potential. Structure to electrolyte potential measured immediately
after interruption of the company impressed CP current.
e. Current magnitude and direction of current flow through the device.
f. Physical condition of test point
1. Damage or condition that requires followup action to continue use of the point as a
permanent test point shall be documented.
2. Interiors of test posts and pillars should be kept clean.
3. Cable connections should be kept tight.
4. Cracked or deteriorated cable shall be repaired or replaced.
5. Cracked or deteriorated panel insulation shall be repaired or replaced.
6. Clear cable identification shall be maintained.
Page 18 of 30 GP 06-36
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8.5 Electrical isolation devices (isolating flanges, insulating joints), surge protection,
and earthing (grounding) connections
8.5.1 General
a. For a CP system to function correctly, the protected structure shall be electrically isolated
from other non-cathodically protected structures and electrical earthing (grounding)
systems.
b. Surge protectors and ground connections are designed to prevent damage to the structure
due to high current excursions (lightning strikes).

For electrical isolation devices, surge protection, and earthing (grounding) devices, the
following items shall be measured and inspected to ensure satisfactory operation:
a. Aboveground IJs shall be visually inspected for cracking of epoxy sealant, security of
cable connections, and condition of paintwork.
b. Insulated flanges shall be inspected for damaged insulating sleeves and washers. Flange
faces and gaskets should be checked and shall be clear of dirt and other debris.
c. If not already sealed, the gap between flanges shall be sealed from moisture and dirt entry
by applying a flange filler or tape subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
d. IJs and insulating flanges shall be checked to ensure that they are not painted with products
containing aluminium or other metallic pigments.
e. Electrical isolation status shall be determined by either of the following:
1. Specially designed insulator tester using radio frequency.
2. Voltage drop testing.
f. Proper operation of surge protector or ground connection shall be determined.
9 Surveys
9.1 General
a. CP surveys shall be used to determine CP status over entirety of both onshore and offshore
structures. CP surveys shall include:
1. Pipelines.
2. Risers.
3. Jackets.
4. AST bottoms.
5. Storage tank internal surfaces.
6. Marine piling.
7. Docks and jetties.
b. Frequency of CP surveys can be influenced by results of a risk analysis, based on annual
data analysis and historical data. Local government regulations can have a set interval for
CP surveys. The more stringent interval shall be adhered.
Page 19 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
9.2 Onshore surveys
9.2.1 General
a. Over the line CP surveys shall be performed to obtain data on the CP status of the structure
between permanent test points. These surveys will determine the status of the CP and
coating system between these points.
b. The type of CP survey shall be selected to identify the anticipated defects on the segment
of structure. The selected survey will identify CP deficiencies, coating defects, or both.
The appropriate survey technique should be used as shown in Table 6.
c. CP surveys shall be completed by a competent person as defined in the personnel
qualifications clause in GP 06-31.
d. Location survey
1. Location of defects identified by any survey shall be determined using GPS, if
possible.
2. Data shall be recorded for further analysis by qualified personnel.
3. Before excavation and repair of defects identified by any survey technique, a local
resurvey should be performed to confirm the exact location to avoid unnecessary
excavation.
4. Comparison of new survey data with that from previous surveys is vital for overall
management of integrity of the structure and allows trends to be identified.
Table 6 - Survey techniques required according to structure condition
Pipeline condition Information required Applicable survey

Identification of coating defects. DCVG, ACVG,.
New or well coated
pipeline. Baseline CP data. CIPS (on/instant off/natural
potentials).
Average coated Potential profile to assess CP CIPS (on/instant off/static
pipeline (coating levels and areas of poor potentials).
condition between protection.
well coated and Rapid assessment of coating CIPS or ACCA.
poorly coated). condition to identify worst areas.
Assessment of areas with poor DCVG, ACVG
coating and identification of
specific defects.
Poorly coated Rapid assessment of coating CIPS or ACCA.
pipeline. condition to identify worst areas.
Potential profile to assess CP CIPS (on/instant off/static
levels and areas of poor potentials).
protection.
AST bottom. Potential profile to assess CP CIPS in reference tube if
levels and areas of poor installed (on/instant off/static
protection. potentials).
Internal storage tank Potential profile to assess CP CIPS at multiple access
surfaces. levels and areas of poor points to provide adequate
protection. profile if available (on/instant
off/static potentials).
9.2.2 Close interval potential survey (CIPS)

a. CIPSs (also known as over line potential surveys) shall monitor structure to electrolyte
potentials along the route of a buried structure at intervals of 1 m (3 ft) to 2 m (6 ft).
Page 20 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
CIPSs provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the CP along the entire buried
structure with respect to the applicable criteria.
b. On structures protected by more than one CP power source, accurate and synchronised
time switches shall be necessary if recording both on and instant off potential values. For
instant off conditions to be fully achieved, time switches shall ensure that:
1. Current flows from each TR.
2. All structure bonds are interrupted simultaneously.
c. To assist with data interpretation, physical features, such as field boundaries, road, river,
rail, and power line crossings, shall be recorded into data stream.
Data acts as fixed points of reference against which to compare results of successive
surveys and locate defects for remediation.
d. After completion of the survey, recorded data shall be transferred into the database for
profiling and analysis.
e. The database shall be subject to approval by the Company responsible engineer.
9.2.3 Direct current voltage gradient (DCVG) and alternating current voltage gradient
(ACVG) survey
a. DCVG and ACVG surveys are aboveground survey techniques and shall be used primarily
to locate external coating defects on buried pipelines.
b. DCVG and ACVG shall be used:
1. To determine severity and orientation of defects in areas of high stray current activity.
2. As routine tools for periodic surveys.
3. In conjunction with CIPS survey to confirm coating condition in which potential pipe
to soil anomalies are identified.
c. Defect positions should be determined from voltage gradients generated by the flow of DC
or AC current from a source to the defect location.
d. DCVG
1. Voltage gradients are detected using two matched reference electrodes and are
measured using a calibrated voltmeter.
2. IR contribution to the voltage gradient shall be used to determine the coating defect
size.
e. ACVG
1. Voltage gradients are detected using calibrated probes and are measured using a
calibrated voltmeter or ACVG receiver.
2. Defect size shall be determined by the magnitude of the signal drop between the
calibrated probes.
f. DCVG and ACVG surveys do not assess the performance of a CP system.
9.2.4 Alternating current attenuation (ACCA)

a. Pipeline coating condition of a buried pipeline shall be assessed by measuring the current
attenuation of an applied AC signal.
b. If AC is applied to a coated and buried pipeline, the ACCA rate shall be determined by
measuring the radiated EM field generated by the applied AC signal and performing
calculations.
Page 21 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
If the coating has a uniform dielectric strength and electrically isolates the pipe
metal from the surrounding ground at all points, the strength of the signal current
on the pipe attenuates approximately logarithmically.
Attenuation rate is dependent on the conductance of the coating in contact with the
ground per unit area of pipe and the frequency of the applied AC signal.
If holidays are present, the current attenuates more rapidly.
9.3 Offshore surveys
9.3.1 General
a. During offshore surveys, visual inspection of the CP system shall be conducted from ROV
visual recordings or by divers in situ to assess the conditions of the anodes, standoffs,
clamps, cables, and other associated CP hardware. See Table 7 for the applicable survey
technique.
Table 7 - Survey techniques required according to location
Offshore Location Applicable survey

Platform or structure ROV, Diver Survey
ROV, Diver Survey, Trailing
Pipeline
Wire
Well tree, manifolds, ROV
subsea equipment
b. For offshore structures, a detailed knowledge of the geometry of the structure and the
anode distribution is essential.
c. For offshore pipelines and subsea equipment, survey scope shall include:
1. Establishment of the exact location of significant features on the pipeline or subsea
equipment.
2. Assessment of coating damage.
3. Distribution of potentials along the pipeline.
d. Offshore pipelines and risers in deepwater shall be surveyed using ROV techniques.
e. Surveys conducted in shallow water shall use divers, unless other approaches or techniques
are proposed and are subject to approval by Company responsible engineer..
f. During inspection of anodes, marine growth on anodes is common. Because this growth
does not reduce efficiency of the anode, removal of the growth shall not be required.
9.3.2 Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) cathodic protection (CP) systems inspections
and surveys
9.3.2.1 General
a. ROVs should have multi electrode arrays that allow measurement of field gradient in
seawater at a fixed distance from structural members or pipelines in addition to single stab
or proximity potential readings.
b. Field gradient data
1. Using appropriate software, field gradient data can be translated into structure to
electrolyte potentials and anode current outputs.
2. A finite number of potential stab readings shall be required to calibrate electrolyte
potentials determined from field gradient measurements.
Page 22 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
9.3.2.2 Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) direct potential measurement

a. ROV direct potential measurement shall be used if ROVs are used for inspections on
structures and risers, for which it is feasible to maintain a direct electrical contact above
water to the structure that is being surveyed.
b. Procedure
1. A wire is connected to the structure and passed to the support vessel.
2. The ROV carries the reference electrode to the desired locations to be monitored.
3. The reference electrode is connected to the surface by a wire in the ROV umbilical.
4. This wire from the reference electrode and the wire from the structure are connected
to a voltmeter for the potential measurement.
9.3.2.3 Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) cell to cell potential measurement

The ROV cell to cell potential measurement survey is conducted by recording the change in
potential between the ROV reference electrode and the “remote” reference electrode on the hull
of the service vessel as the ROV reference electrode is moved along the pipe.
Although the service vessel is travelling along the pipeline, it is electrically remote
from the pipeline and provides a valid basis for comparison.
9.3.2.4 Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) field gradient measurement

a. Field gradient surveys shall be conducted in conjunction with one of the other forms of
potential surveys and not as a replacement.
ROV field gradient measurements determine if current is flowing through the water
onto the pipeline at the site where the measurement is being made.
Field gradient measurements do not determine if protection is being achieved but
can be valuable tools in determining:
 If protective currents are being produced.
 The degree of possible coating damage that might have occurred.
 Whether a galvanic anode is active.
b. Using the software, field gradient data shall be translated into structure to electrolyte
current densities or anode current outputs.
c. The software shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
9.3.3 Trailing wire cathodic protection (CP) survey
9.3.3.1 General
a. Trailing wire CP surveys used on a subsea pipeline shall have a hardwired connection from
measuring device to one end of pipeline.
b. Measuring device shall be located on a surface vessel. Negative terminal on measuring
device shall be attached to a reference electrode which is fixed to a “fish”. Fish shall be
towed along pipeline route by surface vessel.
c. Trailing wire shall be connected to pipeline at pipeline riser (usually on the offshore
platform). Fish shall be maintained over pipeline with pipeline potentials continuously
recorded or recorded at defined intervals.
d. A voltage gradient technique shall be used with occasional stab readings to calibrate the
results if no physical connection to the pipeline is possible. This technique is less accurate
than the hardwired system.
Page 23 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
“Towed fish” technique is commonly used for inshore pipelines or river crossings
and/or if the pipeline is buried, preventing the use of a more accurate potential
survey technique.
9.3.3.2 Trailing wire potential measurements

a. Trailing wire method uses a direct connection to the pipeline. This connection shall be
made above water at the platform.
b. If using ROVs, trailing wire potential measurements can be used up to 6 km (4 mi).
Beyond this distance, ROVs shall use the cell to cell procedure.
This limit is because of issues associated with the resistance of the trailing wire.
c. For thermally insulated pipelines, the trailing wire technique shall be preferred versus a
stab or insulation removal technique.
9.3.4 Diver survey

Potential survey work using divers can be performed from either the platform or a
diving vessel. Using divers requires extensive logistic support. Depth restrictions
and local regulations might also limit the work scope that can be performed by
divers.
In addition to CP monitoring using handheld equipment, divers should:
1. Perform visual inspection surveys of structure.
2. Estimate sacrificial anode wastage.
3. Estimate anode condition.
4. Estimate coating condition.
Divers might also be used to assess quality and extent of any calcareous deposits at
various locations on a structure. These deposits could indicate areas of over
protection or under protection.
Divers might be required by local government regulations to conduct CP survey
work in very shallow water depths.
10 Interpretation of data
a. CP monitoring data shall be loaded into an appropriate database such that relevant data can
be accessed, evaluated, and responded to as required.
b. Database shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
c. Data should be analysed by a competent person to ensure that operating parameters are
fully understood and any adjustments to the system are made correctly as defined in the
personnel qualifications clause in GP 06-31.
d. Data from all relevant sources should be compared and evaluated.
e. Current drain from sacrificial anodes or TR output should be considered, together with
potential data, to determine potential effects on the overall CP system.
f. Results from all surveys should be compared against historical data to determine rates of
change in the protection status. A plan for future remedial works should be completed.
g. Trend analysis should be performed comparing data over the maximum period possible to
obtain the most accurate interpretation.
Page 24 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
11 Mitigation
a. Preventive maintenance and associated mitigations shall be performed by competent,

trained personnel.
b. Following data interpretation, evaluation of defects and decisions on mitigation shall be
developed.
c. Required actions should be prioritised to ensure that mitigation work is focused on
lowering risk to structure integrity.
d. Consequences of not undertaking mitigation can be determined by conducting a detailed
risk analysis before deciding what action is required and over what time period that action
should be performed.
e. In some circumstances, notably on offshore structures and pipelines, CP mitigation can be
performed in conjunction with other activities.
f. If defects are minor and/or the consequences of taking no action risk is low, as determined
by the detailed risk analysis, no mitigation action shall be performed, except continuing the
existing monitoring programme.
g. If the cost or disruption caused by any other mitigation cannot be justified and the asset
risk is moderate, monitor the situation shall be monitored by performing repeat, more
frequent, or more intense monitoring regimes.
h. If feasible, coating repairs should be performed to reduce CP current demand for the
structure.
i. Repair or upgrades to the CP system should be performed to protect the structure while not
threatening the integrity of the structure or pipeline.
j. Mitigation performed shall be updated on the database and appropriate risk based facility,
pipeline, or structural integrity management systems.
k. Database shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
l. Mitigation requirements and frequencies are listed in Table 8. These requirements shall be
followed unless local government regulations are more stringent.
Page 25 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
Table 8 - Mitigation requirements and frequencies
Device/survey Condition Remedial action Frequency/interval

Impressed current Not operating or Repair unit or Before next
transformer rectifiers and malfunctioning. document repair scheduled monitoring
power sources. programme and cycle (90 days).
timeline.
Critical bonds, drain points, Measurements outside Repair device or Before next
interference mitigation acceptable limit, not document repair scheduled monitoring
anodes, diodes, and reverse operating, or connection programme and cycle (90 days).
current switches (if fails will broken. timeline.
cause damage to a
structure).
Noncritical bonds and Measurements outside Repair device or Before next
noncritical drain points. acceptable limit, not document repair scheduled monitoring
operating, or connection programme and cycle (15 months).
broken. timeline.
CP permanent test points Measurements do not Repair CP system or Before next
and coupons. meet criteria approved document repair scheduled monitoring
by Company programme and cycle (15 months).
responsible engineer.. timeline.
Electrical isolation and Device has failed. Repair device or Before next
earthing (grounds). document repair scheduled monitoring
programme and cycle (15 months).
timeline.
Onshore CIPS. Indications that are Repair CP system or Within 15 months.
more positive document repair
than -850 mV CSE programme and
polarised and fail timeline.
100 mV polarisation
criterion. Repair CP system or Before next
Indications that document repair scheduled CIPS.
fail -850 mV polarised programme and
potential criterion. timeline.
Offshore potential survey. Pipeline, subsea Repair CP system, Before next
equipment, fixed or perform risk analysis, scheduled potential
floating structures or document repair survey.
potential more positive programme and
than -850 mV Ag/AgCl. timeline.
TSA coated components Repair CP system, Before next
more positive perform risk analysis, scheduled potential
than -900 mV Ag/AgCl. or document repair survey.
programme and
timeline.
ACCA survey. Greater than 20% signal Examine indication Within 15 months.
change in 30 m (100 ft). and repair indication or
document repair
programme and
timeline.
Other conditions found Examine indication Before next
by technique to be and repair indication or scheduled ACCA
evaluated. document repair survey.
programme and
timeline.
Page 26 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
Device/survey Condition Remedial action Frequency/interval

DCVG, ACVG. High density of coating Examine indication Within 15 months.
holidays. and repair indication or
document repair
programme and
timeline.
Other conditions found Examine indication Before next
by technique to be and repair indication or scheduled DCVG,
evaluated. document repair ACVG.
programme and
timeline.
Page 27 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
Bibliography
BP
[1] GDP 5.0-0001, Group Defined Practice for Integrity Management (IM).
[2] GIS 06-311, Cathodic Protection - Procurement.
[3] GP 43-49, Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS).
American Petroleum Institute (API)

[4] API RP 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks.
[5] API Std 2610, Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance and Inspection of Terminal and Tank
Facilities.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

[6] CSA Z662, Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems.
Code of Federal Regulations (US CFR)

[7] 49 CFR 192, Title 49 - Transportation Chapter I - Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Administration, Department of Transportation, Part 192 Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by
Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards - Subpart I -Requirements for Corrosion Control.
[8] 49 CFR 195, Title 49 - Transportation Chapter I - Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Administration, Department of Transportation, Part 195 Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by
Pipeline - Subpart H - Corrosion Control.
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

[9] DNV-RP-B401, Cathodic Protection Design.
[10] DNV-RP-F103, Cathodic Protection of Submarine Pipelines by Galvanic Anodes.
European Standards (EN)

[11] EN 12473, General principles of cathodic protection in sea water.
[12] EN 12474, Cathodic protection of submarine pipelines.
[13] EN 12495, Cathodic protection for fixed steel offshore structures.
[14] EN 12499, Internal cathodic protection of metallic structures.
[15] EN 12696, Cathodic protection of steel in concrete.
[16] EN 12954, Cathodic protection of buried or immersed metallic structures. General principles and
application for pipelines.
[17] EN 13173, Cathodic protection for steel offshore floating structures.
[18] EN 13174, Cathodic protection of harbour installations.
[19] EN 13636, Cathodic protection of buried metallic tanks and related piping.
Page 28 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

[20] ISO 15589-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation
systems - Part 1: On-land pipelines.
[21] ISO 15589-2, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation
systems - Part 2: Offshore pipelines.
[22] ISO/TS 29001, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Sector-specific quality
management systems - Requirements for product and service supply organisations.
NACE International (NACE)

[23] ANSI/NACE RP0104, The Use of Coupons for Cathodic Protection Monitoring Applications.
[24] ANSI/NACE SP0607, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cathodic protection of pipeline
transportation systems.
[25] NACE 7L192, Cathodic Protection Considerations for Deep Water Projects.
[26] NACE/ASTM G193, Standard Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion.
[27] NACE RP0193, External Cathodic Protection of On-Grade Carbon Steel Storage Tank Bottoms.
[28] NACE SP0169, Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping
Systems.
[29] NACE SP0176, Corrosion Control of Submerged Areas of Permanently Installed Steel Offshore
Structures Associated with Petroleum Production.
[30] NACE SP0177, Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning Effects on Metallic Structures and
Corrosion Control Systems.
[31] NACE SP0186, Application of Cathodic Protection for External Surfaces of Steel Well Casings.
[32] NACE SP0196, Galvanic Anode Cathodic Protection of Internal Submerged Surfaces of Steel Water
Storage Tanks.
[33] NACE SP0207, Performing Close-Interval Potential and DC Surface Potential Gradient Surveys on
Buried or Submerged Metallic Pipelines.
[34] NACE SP0285, Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection.
[35] NACE SP0286, Electrical Isolation of Cathodically Protected Pipelines.
[36] NACE SP0388, Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of Internal Submerged Surfaces of Carbon
Steel Water Storage Tanks.
[37] NACE SP0492, Metallurgical and Inspection Requirement for Offshore Pipeline Bracelet Anodes.
[38] NACE SP0572, Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Impressed Current Deep Beds.
[39] NACE SP0575, Internal Cathodic Protection (CP) Systems in Oil-Treating Vessels.
[40] NACE TM0101, Measurements Techniques Related to Criteria for Cathodic Protection for
Underground Storage Tank Systems.
[41] NACE TM0106, Detecting, Testing and Evaluation of Microbiological Induced Corrosion (MIC) on
External Surfaces of Buried Pipelines.
Page 29 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014
[42] NACE TM0109, Aboveground Survey Techniques for the Evaluation of Underground Pipeline
Coating Condition.
[43] NACE TM0497, Measurements Techniques Related to Criteria for Cathodic Protection on
Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems.
Norsk Sokkels Konkuranseposisjon (NORSOK)

[44] NORSOK M-503, Cathodic protection.
Page 30 of 30 GP 06-36
26 January 2014

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Table 1 - Cathodic protection (CP) Engineering Technical Practices (ETPs)................................... 5

Table 3 - Onshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies ............................................. 14

CP for facilities is a key component of integrity management. Corrosion protection of metallic

Table 1 - Cathodic protection (CP) Engineering Technical Practices (ETPs)

Topic Topic description ETP ETP title

a. This GP provides requirements and recommendations for monitoring, inspection, and

American Petroleum Institute (API)

3 Terms and definitions

Cathodic protection (CP)

Coating defect (holiday)

Company responsible engineer

Galvanic anode (sacrificial anode)

Instant off potential

Isolating joint (IJ)

Natural potential (native potential)

Silver/silver chloride reference electrode (Ag/AgCl)

Structure to electrolyte potential

4 Symbols and abbreviations

ACCA Alternating current attenuation.

ACVG Alternating current voltage gradient.

Ag/AgCl Silver/silver chloride.

AST Aboveground storage tank.

CIPS Close interval potential survey.

CRA Corrosion resistant alloy.

CSE Concept safety evaluation.

DCVG Direct current voltage gradient.

GPS Global positioning system.

HSSE Health, safety, security, and environmental.

ICCP Impressed current cathodic protection.

LOPC Loss of primary containment.

ROV Remotely operated vehicle.

TSA Thermally sprayed aluminium.

a. CP systems shall be regularly monitored, inspected, and maintained to ensure operation in

6. Pipelines paralleling high voltage AC transmission lines can reach hazardous AC

Table 2 - Effects of electrical currents on the human body

7 Frequency of monitoring and surveys

7.2 Hazard identification and mitigation

Note: Absence of leaks alone shall not be sufficient evidence for

b. In selecting the method of mitigating CP system deficiencies, factors to be considered

7.3 Monitoring requirements and frequencies

7.3.3 Internal surfaces

Table 3 - Onshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies

Item Measurements Frequency and interval

Table 4 - Offshore cathodic protection (CP) monitoring frequencies

Item Measurements Frequency and interval

Item Measurements Frequency and interval

7.4 Risk assessment to evaluate frequency of comprehensive cathodic protection

8.2 Structure to electrolyte potentials

8.2.2 Required measurements (if measurements can be obtained) and inspections

8.2.3 Factors that affect structure to electrolyte potential measurements

8.3.2 Required measurements and inspections

g. Anode cable connections that are accessible.

8.4 Connections between facilities

8.4.2 Required measurements and inspections

8.5.2 Required measurements and inspections

9.2 Onshore surveys

Table 6 - Survey techniques required according to structure condition

Pipeline condition Information required Applicable survey

9.2.2 Close interval potential survey (CIPS)

9.2.4 Alternating current attenuation (ACCA)

9.3 Offshore surveys