‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺁﻟﺔٌ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻄﻪ ﻟﻜﺜﻴٍﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ ً ﻁﻮﻳﻼً ﻹﺗﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ؛ ﻛﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ّﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔً ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ّ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟّﺮﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻗﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟّﺮﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬‫ﺃﺻﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﻲ ﺣّﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺣّﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴّﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺇﻧﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻔﺘﺮٍﺓ ﻗﺼﻴﺮٍﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﻮﺍٍﻝ ﻛﺜﻴﺮٍﺓ ﻳﻮ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻟﺘﺨـــﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴٍّﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴّﻤﻰ ﻗﺎﻋــﺪﺓ ﺑﻴـﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﻴّﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ٍ‬‫ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋٍﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ً ﻟﻠﺘﺤّﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨّﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻔ ّ‬
‫ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﻟﻴّﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﺴﺮﻋٍﺔ ﻭﺩﻗّﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪-4‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳّﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒّﺆ ﺑﺄﺟﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻭﺗﻐﻴّﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨّﺼــﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺋﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ّﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﺎﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟﻠﺘﺤّﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ " ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺑﻮﺕ " ) ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩّﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜّﺮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨّﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟّﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳّﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘ ّﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّ‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﺨﻠﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍﻟّﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛ ّﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴّﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﺪّﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴّﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪّﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴّﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴّﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺂﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﺗ ّﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔً ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟّﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩَ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﺰﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻣﻨﻜﺒّﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔً ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺤ ﺎ ﻻ ٍ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﺑﺄّﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣّﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺇّﻻ ﺃﻧّﻬﻢ ﻳﺠﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎ ً ﻳﻨﺴﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺳﺮﻫﻢ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻬﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺘ ّﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔً ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻓﺈّﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘ ّﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴّﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺜ ّﻘﻔﻴﻦ ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻲء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍﺕ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﺣٍﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻧﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺗﻴﺤﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻲ ﻧﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟّﺮﻛﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣّﻤﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ "ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ" ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺘ ّﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪّﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪّﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇّﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺠّﺮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻣّﻤﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻁﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻮء‬ ‫ﺴﺮﻳّﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺮﻳّﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟ ّ‬ ‫( ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ﻕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴّﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ٍ‬
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‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ّﺠﺎﺭﻳّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺒﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ﻟﻠﺪّﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳّﺔ‪.‬‬

‫( ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺗﺘّﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺪّﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟّﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﻮﺍﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟّﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬

‫( ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴّﺔ؛ ﻛﺎﻟﻬّﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨّﻴﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼء‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩّﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﺴﺒّﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻗّﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ ٍ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺿﺮٍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺪّﺓ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﻴﻦ؛ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪،‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻖ ﺟّﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃّﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻳّﺔ؛ ﻛﺎﻟﺨﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺢ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﺒﻴّﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺄّﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺫﻛﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ؛ ﻷﻧّﻬﻢ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻭﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮﻋﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨّﻪ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪-2009-‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪mawsoah.net/gae_portal-‬‬

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‫‪27/5/2012‬‬