The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R is a motorcycle in the Ninja sport bike series made

by Kawasaki from 2000 through 2006. The 1,199 cc (73.2 cu in) inline-four engine produced

178 hp (133 kW) at low speed, and increased to 190 hp (140 kW) at high speed due to its ram-
air intake,[8][9][10] making it the most powerful production motorcycle up to 2006 and the release of
the ZX-14.[6][11] It was a contender to be the fastest production motorcycle, and played a role in
bringing to a truce the escalating competition to build an ever-faster motorcycle. Its top speed
was electronically limited to 186 mph (300 km/h), tying it with the Suzuki
Hayabusa and Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14 as the fastest production motorcycle on the market, after
the 303–312 km/h (188–194 mph) 1999 Hayabusa was replaced with a speed-limited version as
part of a gentlemen's agreement between motorcycle manufacturers that lasted until the 298–
311 km/h (185.4–193.24 mph) 2007 MV Agusta F4 R 312.[3][12][13][14] Usually 1,200 cc Kawasaki
sport bike were called ZZ-R1200 in some markets and ZX-12R in others, but the ZX-12R only
went by one name. The 2002–2005 Kawasaki ZZ-R1200 touring motorcycle did use this scheme,
going by either ZZ-R1200 or ZX-12C.[15] The ZX-12R's R designation followed the race-
replica Kawasaki ZX-6R, ZX-7R, ZX-9R, ZX-10R.

Top speed limited by agreement[edit]

Main article: List of fastest production motorcycles § Gentlemen's agreement to end competition
From the first year of production ZX-12R, in the 2000 model year, its top speed was restricted by
a motorcycle manufacturer gentlemen's agreement that was started in late 1999.[12][3][16][17] This was
due to a voluntary gentlemen's agreement that included BMW Motorrad and the Japanese
manufacturers, amid fears of government regulation of motorcycle speeds mainly in Europe.
[12]
 Prior to the agreement, with rumors of going 200-mph[18] Kawasaki had planned a world press
event to launch their answer to Suzuki's Hayabusa, but the event was abruptly cancelled, and
instead the ZX-12R with a revised engine control unit that limited speed to about 300 km/h was
released with no fanfare or comment by Kawasaki.[19]

Performance[edit]
At its introduction the ZX-12R was Kawasaki's flagship sport bike and a competitor to the Suzuki
Hayabusa. Its handling and braking matched the power of the engine resulting in a motorcycle
that was docile at low speeds and very easy to handle in heavy traffic,[opinion] but had strong
acceleration. The 1,199 cc (73.2 cu in) displacement engine generated 161.2 hp (120.2 kW) at
the rear wheel.[3] Cycle World tested the ZX-12R's 0 to 97 km/h (0 to 60 mph) acceleration at 2.59
seconds.[20] They found an electronically-limited top speed of 187 mph (301 km/h), a 97 to 0 km/h
(60 to 0 mph) braking distance of 36 m (118 ft), and fuel economy of 32.1 mpg-US (7.3 L/100 km;
38.6 mpg-imp).[7] They tested the 0 to 1⁄4 mi (0.00 to 0.40 km) time at 10.04 seconds, reaching
231.39 km/h (143.78 mph).[7] The 1/4 mile result Motorcyclist reported was 9.87 seconds at
235.43 km/h (146.29 mph), [4] and Sport Rider found 9.95 seconds at 232.39 km/h (144.40 mph).
[21]

Monocoque aluminum frame[edit]

While most sport bikes use an aluminum perimeter frame, the ZX-12R uses a
unique monocoque aluminum frame. Described by Cycle World in 2000 as a "monocoque
backbone...a single large diameter beam" and "Fabricated from a combination of castings and
sheet-metal stampings", this was the first use of this type of frame on a mass-produced
production motorcycle.[22][23] This design surpasses the level of chassis strength and stiffness
associated with conventional aluminum perimeter frames. Its intention was also to make the bike
narrower, and thereby more aerodynamic. The design saves space by housing the battery and
incorporating an efficient airbox and a cartridge-type air filter that slides into the frame. It was fuel
injected with four Mikuni 46 mm throttle bodies and was Kawasaki's first fuel-injected sport bike
since the 1981–1985 GPZ1100.[24]
The 2002 model was updated with 140 changes.[4] While some of those changes made the bike
easier to launch, with a heavier crankshaft and a reshaped flywheel and fuel mapping changes. It
had 1.3 hp (0.97 kW) less than the 2000 and 2001 models' 162.7 hp (121.3 kW).[4] It had a
revised suspension with stiffer front fork springs and a softer rear shock spring. The front fender
had cosmetic changes, and panels were added to the inner fairing below the instruments and
bars. The centrally-located ram-air intake scoop protruding from the fairing that takes advantage
of the higher front air pressure was revised. This intake is integrated into a wider and shorter
front cowling from Kawasaki Aerospace Company division, lowering the drag coefficient by one
point from 33 to 32.[25][11] The last update was in 2004, with the addition of radial brakes and more
fuel injection changes. The ZX-12R was discontinued in 2007, and was followed by the 2006ZX-
14 (ZZR1400) which had a similar monocoque frame.