POWER ELECTRONICS PROBLEMS

(1) Given a forward-biased SCR. Its anode is connected to a DC supply of 100 V.

The two-transistor model of the SCR has the following parameters: α1 = 0.5, α2
= 0.4, Icbo1 = Icbo2 = 0.1 µA. The latching current of the SCR is 8 mA.

(a) If not triggered, determine the conduction (forward) current of the SCR,
and its internal resistance under this condition. In what mode of operation
the SCR works?

(b) If a triggering circuit is used to supply the SCR by a gate current of 1 mA,
repeat (a) above.
Note: Consider that a forward current of 0.1 mA is required to start the
regenerative process.

(2) An SCR is supplying an inductive load of series resistance of 20 Ω and 0.5

Henry from a 100 V DC source. The latching and holding currents of the SCR
are 300 and 150 mA respectively.
Calculate the minimum duration of the gate pulse to turn the SCR ON.
Repeat above if the load inductance is 50 mH.

(3) Consider a voltage and current waveforms given as:

𝑣𝑆 = 100 + 80 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 1000 ) + 70 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜔𝑡 + 1200 ) + 25 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝜔𝑡)

𝑖𝑆 = 12 + 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + 25⁰) + 5 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜔𝑡 − 300 ) + 2 cos(3𝜔𝑡)

where ω is the fundamental angular frequency.

It is required to calculate the:

(a) Ripple factors of the voltage and current waveforms
(b) Input power factor
(c) THDF of the voltage and current waveforms.

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(4) A single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier supplies a pure resistive load from
a 220 V, 50 Hz supply. If the load resistance is 10 Ω and the average load
voltage is required to be 90 V calculate the following:
(a) The conduction angle of each SCR.
(b) The firing angle of the SCR.
(c) The ripple factor of the load voltage and current waveforms.
(d) The input power factor.

(5) Given the following Power Electronics System:

Supply: pure sinusoidal of 220 V (RMS) and 50 Hz.
Controller: single-phase full-wave fully-controlled bridge rectifier.
Load: pure resistive load of 10 Ω.
For a firing angle of 45⁰ answer the following questions:
(a) Sketch all waveforms of interest.
(b) Calculate the Ripple Factor of the load voltage and current
waveforms
(c) Calculate the input Power Factor
(d) Select suitable voltage and current ratings of the rectifier’s SCRs.

(6) Given the following Power Electronics System:

Supply: pure sinusoidal of 220 V (RMS) and 50 Hz.
Controller: single-phase full-wave controlled center-tapped rectifier.
Center-tapped Transformer: turns ratio N1/N2 = 1 : 2
Load: pure resistive load of 10 Ω.

For a firing angle of 45⁰ answer the following questions:

(a) Sketch all waveforms of interest.
(b) Calculate the Ripple Factor of the load voltage and current
waveforms
(c) Calculate the input Power Factor
(d) Select suitable voltage and current ratings of the rectifier’s SCRs.

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(7) Given the following rectification system:
Converter: Single-phase, full-wave, controlled rectifier.
Supply: 220 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal supply.
Load: Series R-L load (a 10 Ω resistance in series with a 55.133 mH coil).
For a firing angle of 60°, it is required to calculate the following parameters:

(a) The conduction angle of each SCR.

(b) The average values of the load voltage and current waveforms.
(c) The ripple factor of the load voltage and current waveforms.
(d) The input power factor of the system.
(e) Sketch, to scale, all waveforms of interest.

(8) Given the following rectification system:

Supply: Single-phase, 50 Hz, 220 V (RMS)
Load: Inductive load (26.8 + j15.5) Ω.
Controller: Single-Phase, Full-Wave Semi-Controlled Rectifier. The holding
current of the Freewheeling diode is 400 mA.
Control Parameter: α = 90°
Required
(a) At which mode of operation the system works?
(b) If the system works at the DCM, calculate the extinction angle of the load
current.
(c) Calculate the ripple factor of the load voltage.

Repeat the problem above if the firing angle becomes 30°.

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(9) Given the following system:

Controller: single-phase, full-wave, fully-controlled bridge rectifier.

Supply: 230 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal source.
Load: Series R-L-E Load, with R =0.5 Ω, L is sufficiently large such that the
load current is assumed ripple-free and equals to 10 A. If the back
EMF is 65 V, answer the following questions:
(a) Calculate the firing angle.
(b) Calculate the ripple factor of the load voltage waveform.
(c) Calculate the input power factor.
(d) Calculate the THDF of the supply current.
(e) Sketch, to scale, the waveforms of interest.

(10) Given the system of problem above, but with a free-wheeling diode being
connected in parallel with the load. The firing angle is controlled such that
the load average voltage is unchanged. Answer the following questions:

(a) Calculate the firing angle.

(b) Calculate the ripple factor of the load voltage waveform.
(c) Calculate the input power factor.
(d) Calculate the THDF of the supply current.
(e) Sketch, to scale, the waveforms of interest.
(f) Compare the performance of the system with that of the above
problem.
(g) Compare results with the above problem.

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(11) Given the following rectification system:
Controller: single-phase, full-wave, fully-controlled, bridge rectifier.
Supply: 230 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal source.
Load: Series R-L-E Load, with R = 0.5 Ω, L is sufficiently large such that the
load current is assumed ripple-free and equals to l0 A. If the back EMF
is -75 V.
Answer the following questions:

(a) Calculate the firing angle.

(b) Calculate the ripple factor of the load voltage waveform.
(c) Calculate the input power factor. Comment on the sign of the PF.
(d) Calculate the THDF of the supply current.
(e) Sketch, to scale, the waveforms of interest.
(f) Can this system be used to control the for electrical braking of DC electric
motors?

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(12) Given the following rectification system:
Supply Three-phase, Y-connected, 50 Hz, 220/380 V
Load: Pure resistive load of 10 Ω.
Controller: Three-phase full-wave (Bridge) fully-controlled rectifier.
Control Parameter: Firing angle = 0⁰.

Required

(1) Calculate the average and RMS values of the load voltage and current
waveforms.
(2) Calculate the ripple factor of the load voltage
(3) Calculate the real power delivered to the load (or supplied from the source)
(4) Calculate the input power factor of the system.
(5) Sketch the waveforms of the load voltage and supply current (phase A).
(6) Repeat the problem above for α = 30°, 60° and 90⁰.
(7) Select suitable SCR voltage and current ratings of the converter SCRs.

(13) Given the following rectification system:

Supply Three-phase, Y-connected, 50 Hz, 220/380 V
Load: DC Motor with 1.5 Ω armature resistance, and a large armature
inductance such that the load current can be assumed ripple-free. The
motor shaft speed N is 1000 RPM and its developed torque is 52.5
N.m. Hint: The motor EMF is given as 0.22 N Volt, and its developed
torque Tq is given as 2.1 Io
Controller: Three-phase full-wave (Bridge) fully-controlled rectifier.
Required
(a) Calculate the firing angle of the rectifier.
(b) Calculate the average and RMS values of the load voltage and current
waveforms.
(c) Calculate the ripple factor of the load voltage
(d) Calculate the real power delivered to the load (or supplied from the source)
(e) Calculate the input power factor of the system.
(f) Calculate the THDF of the supply current.
(g) Sketch the load voltage and supply current (phase A) waveforms.

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