REPORTED SPEECH

FORMAL: WE USE THAT

HE SAID THAT THEY WOULD COME WITH US

INFORMAL: WE OMIT THAT

THE POLICEMAN SAID YOU WERE THE GUILTY

IN BOTH CASES THEY DON´T USE “ INVERTED COMMAS”

1.- TENSE CHANGES ( ONE TENSE BACK)
 1.- PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
 2.- PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
 3.- PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
 4.- PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 5.- SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE CONDITIONAL
 6.- FUTURE PERFECT PERFECT CONDITIONAL
 7.- PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
 8.- PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
 9.- SIMPLE CONDITIONAL SIMPLE CONDITIONAL
2.- STATEMENTS

 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
From 1st , 2nd 3rd

 MODAL VERBS
Most of them don´t change except
CAN COULD MUST HAD TO MAY MIGHT
 TIME AND PLACE EXPRESSIONS
HERE THERE THIS THAT THESE THOSE
TODAY THAT DAY TONIGHT THAT NIGHT
TOMORROW THE FOLLOWING DAY/ NEXT DAY
NEXT WEEK THE FOLLOWING WEEK / NEXT WEEK
LAST WEEK THE WEEK BEFORE / THE PREVIOUS WEEK
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE / THE PREVIOUS DAY
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY TWO DAYS BEFORE
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW IN TWO DAYS´ TIME
NOW THEN
3.- COMMANDS: (IMPERATIVE FORMS TO ORDER)

 Affirmative
subject+ verb+ direct object+ v. infinitive ( with to)

 Negative
subject+ verb+ direct object+ not to +v. infinitive

Common verbs: ADVISE, ASK, ENCOURAGE, INVITE,

ORDER, PERSUADE, REMIND , TELL, WARN…
4.- QUESTIONS

 .- the order changes as a statement

 .- There are no question marks

 .- Two types of sentences:

a) wh-questions (who, which, where, why, how,what…)

Subject+ verb+ particle+ subject+ verb + complements
b) Yes - no questions
Subject+ verb+ IF/ WHETHER + subject+ verb + complements