Khoa Hóa

PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

HỌC PHẦN: AVCN

2 TC LT
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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS

of chemistry and chemical engineering

 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

PART 2. BRANCHES OF CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING
 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

HỌC PHẦN: AVCN

2 TC LT

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.1 Ceramic Engineering 5.3 Materials science and engineering

5.1.1 What is Ceramic Engineering? 5.4 Materials science and engineering

5.1.2 Scope Ceramic Engineering as a 5.5 Exercices

Career option 5.5.1 Listening comprehension
5.1.3 What does a Ceramic Engineer 5.5.2 Reading comprehension
do? 5.5.3 Vocabulary
5.5.4 Arithmetical operations
5.2 Polymer Engineering
5.5.5 Matching
5.5.6 Laboratory glassware

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.1 CERAMIC ENGINEERING READING
•
• 5.1.1 What is Ceramic Engineering? (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering)

• Ceramic engineering is a branch of engineering

which deals with the science and technology of
creating object from inorganic and non-metallic
materials. Ceramic engineering combines
principles of chemistry, physics and engineering.
Fiber-optic devices, microprocessors and solar
panels are some examples of ceramic sciences
applied to everyday life.

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Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering
5.1 CERAMIC ENGINEERING
• 5.1.2 Scope Ceramic Engineering as a
Career option
• The use of ceramic material is on the rise as
it a low-cost and efficient material. Ceramic
engineering is needed right from the
production of ceramic teeth, bones, and other
fibre optic cables used for surgery to ceramic
superconductors, lasers, etc. As the
applications of Ceramic material are
•
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PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam
READING
• expanded tremendously due to the recent
advances in the field of medicine which
include bio-ceramics and other, ceramic
engineering is a booming field.
• Ceramic Engineering is used in the following
fields: Medicine, Construction; Electronics;
Military; Optical fibers; Sports; Airplane;
Transportation.
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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.1 CERAMIC ENGINEERING READING

• 5.1.3 What does a Ceramic Engineer do? pollution control devices, components of nuclear
• A Ceramic engineer focuses on the use of fuel, etc.
ceramics in the production of various • Does research, product development,
products. The roles and duties of a ceramic production of ceramic products according to
engineer are as follows. A ceramic engineer: the requirements.
• Develops procedure for processing non- • Also develop heat tiles for space shuttles and
metallic inorganic materials into various supersonic space planes. Produce ceramic
ceramic products like fiber optics products, teeth, bones and joints as replacements parts
glassware, coating for space vehicles, for the human body.

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.1 CERAMIC ENGINEERING READING

• 5.1.3 What does a Ceramic Engineer do?

• Contributes toward production of ceramic
super conductors, lasers, and optical fibres.
• Also help in developing materials that enclose
and support aircraft engines.
• Discovers innovative uses of ceramics to
strengthen infrastructure by building highways
and bridges.

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Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering
5.2 POLYMER ENGINEERING
• Polymer engineering is generally an engineering
field that designs, analyses, and/or modifies
polymer materials. Polymer engineering covers
aspects of petrochemical industry,
polymerization, structure and characterization of
polymers, properties of polymers, compounding
and processing of polymers and description of
major polymers, structure property relations and
applications. The basic division of polymers into
thermoplastics and thermosets helps define
their areas ofapplication.
Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam
READING
• The latter group of materials includes phenolic
resins, polyesters and epoxy resins, all of
which are used widely in composite materials
when reinforced with stiff fibres such as
fibreglass and aramids. Since crosslinking
stabilizes the thermosetting matrix of these
materials, they have physical properties more
similar to traditional engineering materials like
steel.
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Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering
5.2 POLYMER ENGINEERING
• However, their very much lower densities
compared with metals makes them ideal for
lightweight structures. In addition, they suffer
less from fatigue, so are ideal for safety-critical
parts which are stressed regularly in service.
Thermoplastics have relatively low tensile
moduli, but also have low densities and
properties such as transparency which make
them ideal for consumer products and medical
products. They include polyethylene,
polypropylene, nylon, acetal resin,
polycarbonate and PET, all of which are widely
Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam
READING
used materials. Elastomers are polymers which
have very low moduli and show reversible
extension when strained, a valuable property for
vibration absorption and damping. They may
either be thermoplastic (in which case they are
known as Thermoplastic elastomers) or
crosslinked, as in most conventional rubber
products such as tyres. Typical rubbers used
conventionally include natural rubber, nitrile
rubber, polychloroprene, polybutadiene, styrene-
butadiene and fluorinated rubbers such as Viton.
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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING READING
• The interdisciplinary field of materials science, considered by academic institutions as a sub-field of
also commonly termed materials science and these related fields. Beginning in the 1940s, materials
engineering, is the design and discovery of new science began to be more widely recognized as a
materials, particularly solids. The intellectual
specific and distinct field of science and engineering,
origins of materials science stem from the
and major technical universities around the world
Enlightenment, when researchers began to use
created dedicated schools for its study.
analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and
engineering to understand ancient, • Materials science is a syncretic discipline
phenomenological observations in metallurgy hybridizing metallurgy, ceramics, solid-state
and mineralogy. Materials science still physics, and chemistry. It is the first example of a
incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, new academic discipline emerging by fusion rather
and engineering. As such, the field was long than fission. 12
 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING READING
• Many of the most pressing scientific problems • This paradigm is used to advance understanding in
humans currently face are due to the limits of a variety of research areas, including
available materials and how they are used. nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy.
Thus, breakthroughs in materials science are
Materials science is also an important part of
likely to affect the future of technology
forensic engineering and failure analysis–
significantly.
investigating materials, products, structures or
• Materials scientists emphasize understanding components which fail or do not function as
how the history of a material (its processing)
intended, causing personal injury or damage to
influences its structure, and thus the material's
property. Such investigations are key to
properties and performance. The understanding
understanding, for example, the causes of various
of processing-structure-properties relationships
is called the materials paradigm. aviation accidents and incidents. 13
 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING READING
• Many of the most pressing scientific problems • This paradigm is used to advance understanding in
humans currently face are due to the limits of a variety of research areas, including
available materials and how they are used. nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy.
Thus, breakthroughs in materials science are
Materials science is also an important part of
likely to affect the future of technology
forensic engineering and failure analysis–
significantly.
investigating materials, products, structures or
• Materials scientists emphasize understanding components which fail or do not function as
how the history of a material (its processing)
intended, causing personal injury or damage to
influences its structure, and thus the material's
property. Such investigations are key to
properties and performance. The understanding
understanding, for example, the causes of various
of processing-structure-properties relationships
is called the materials paradigm. aviation accidents and incidents. 14

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering
5.3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
• Nanotechnology (or nanotech) is manipulation
of matter on an atomic, molecular, and
supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread
description of nanotechnology referred to the
particular technological goal of precisely
manipulating atoms and molecules for
fabrication of macroscale products, also now
referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A
more generalized description of nanotechnology
was subsequently established by the National
Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines
nanotechnology as the manipulation of
Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam
READING
• matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to
100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact
that quantum mechanical effects are important at
this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition
shifted from a particular technological goal to a
research category inclusive of all types of research
and technologies that deal with the special
properties of matter which occur below the given
size threshold. It is therefore common to see the
plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as
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Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering
5.3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
• "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad
range of research and applications whose
common trait is size.
• Nanotechnology as defined by size is naturally
very broad, including fields of science as
diverse as surface science, organic chemistry,
molecular biology, semiconductor physics,
energy storage, microfabrication, molecular
engineering, etc. The associated research and
applications are equally diverse, ranging from
extensions of conventional device physics to
completely new approaches based upon
Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam
READING
• molecular self-assembly, from developing new
materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to
direct control of matter on the atomic scale.
• Scientists currently debate the future implications
of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology may be able to
create many new materials and devices with a vast
range of applications, such as in nanomedicine,
nanoelectronics, biomaterials energy production,
and consumer products. On the other hand,
nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as
any new technology, including concerns about 16
the
 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

Unit 5. Ceramic and Polymer Engineering

5.3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING READING

• toxicity and environmental impact of

nanomaterials, and their potential effects on
global economics, as well as speculation about
various doomsday scenarios. These concerns
have led to a debate among advocacy groups
and governments on whether special regulation
of nanotechnology is warranted.

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.1 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

• Listening

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3.Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION AND TRANSLATE IT INTO VIETNAMESE

• Describe techniques for separation of • After thorough mixing, the pan is gently
mixtures swirled to remove dissolved material while the
• How did goldminers search for gold? heavier gold settles to the bottom of the pan.
The gold is then separated from the mixture
• Beginning in the late 1840s, thousands of
of soil and water.
prospectors rushed to California to search for
gold. One of the approaches taken to isolate
the gold from the soil was called “panning.”
Dirt would be placed in the pan and covered
with water.

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION

• Separation of Mixtures • Here are a number of common separation

• Not everyone is out searching for gold (and techniques:
not many of those searchers is going to get
much gold, either). In a chemical reaction, it is
important to isolate the component(s) of
interest from all the other materials so they
can be further characterized. Studies of
biochemical systems, environmental analysis,
pharmaceutical research – these and many
other areas of research require reliable
separation methods. 20
 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION

• Chromatography
• Chromatography is the separation of a
mixture by passing it in solution or suspension
or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography)
through a medium in which the components
move at different rates. Thin-layer
chromatography is a special type of
chromatography used for separating and
identifying mixtures that are or can be
colored, especially pigments.
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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION

• Distillation • The vapor passes through a cooled tube (a

• Distillation is an effective method to separate condenser), where it condenses back into its
mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquid state. The condensate that is collected
liquids. Distillation is a purification process is called distillate.
where the components of a liquid mixture are •
vaporized and then condensed and isolated.
In simple distillation, a mixture is heated and
the most volatile component vaporizes at the
lowest temperature.

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION

• Evaporation
• Evaporation
• Prior to using this method, the mixture should
• Evaporation is a technique used to separate
only contain one liquid component, unless it is
out homogenous mixtures where there is one
not important to isolate the liquid components.
or more dissolved solids. This method drives
This is because all liquid components will
off the liquid components from the solid
evaporate over time. This method is suitable
components. The process typically involves
to separate a soluble solid from a liquid.
heating the mixture until no more liquid
remains,

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION

Filtration is a separation method used to • Some water filters can filter out bacteria, the
separate out pure substances in mixtures length of which is on the order of 1 micron.
comprised of particles some of which are large Other mixtures, like soil, have relatively large
enough in size to be captured with a porous particle sizes, which can be filtered through
material. Particle size can vary considerably, something like a coffee filter.
given the type of mixture. For instance, stream
water is a mixture that contains naturally
occurring biological organisms like bacteria,
viruses, and protozoans.

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION - SUMMARY QUESTION

• Mixtures can be separated using a variety of techniques. • What is chromatography?

• Chromatography involves solvent separation on a solid medium. • What is distillation
• Distillation takes advantage of differences in boiling points. • What is filtration?
• Evaporation remove a liquid from a solution to leave a solid material. • What is evaporation?
• Filtration separates solids of different sizes.
• Why is it important to separate material from a mixture?
• What technique would you use to separate sand from water? There
are two possibilities.
• What technique would you use to separate alcohol from water?
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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.3 VOCABULARY

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PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.4 ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS

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PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.5 MATCHING

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises
4.3.6 LABORATORY GLASSWARE

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 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

4.3 Exercises

NOTE: Neque in
dignissim, and quet
nis et umis varius.
 Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

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